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Reading List for SGR001F Political Psychology, 7.5 Credits, Third Cycle
READING LIST 1 9 October 2019 Reg. no. U 2019/471 Reading list for SGR001F Political Psychology, 7.5 credits, third cycle The reading list was approved by the vice dean 9 October 2019 and is valid from the autumn semester 2019. Books Huddy, Leonie, David O. Sears and Jack S. Levy (eds.). 2013. Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology: Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press. (Selected chapters, available online) Articles and book chapters Altemeyer, Bob. 2004. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. The Journal of Social Psychology 144: 421-447. Bäck, Emma A., Hanna Bäck and Holly Knapton. 2015. Group Belongingness and Collective Action: Effects of Need to Belong and Rejection Sensitivity on Willingness to Participate in Protests Activities. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 56: 537-544. Bäck, Hanna and Marc Debus. 2019. When do women speak? A comparative analysis of the role of gender in legislative debates. Political Studies 67 (3): 576-596. Barzegar, Abbas, Shawn Powers and Nagham El Karhili. 2016. Civic Approaches to Confronting Violent Extremism. Sector Recommendations and Best Practices. Georgia University. (59 pages) Borum, Randy. 2011. Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories. Journal of Strategic Security 4: 7-36. Borum, Randy. 2011. Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research. Journal of Strategic Security 4: 37-62. Brader, Ted and George E. Marcus. 2013. Emotion and Political Psychology. In Huddy, Leonie, David O. Sears and Jack S. Levy (eds.). Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology: Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press. Carney, Dana R., John T. -
PS4417G: Special Topics in Political Psychology Course Description Course Text Course Assessment
PS4417G: Special Topics in Political Psychology Department of Political Science – Western University, Winter 2020 Wednesday 1:30pm-3:30pm, SSC 4255 Instructor: Dr. Mathieu Turgeon Email: [email protected] Office hours: Tuesday from 10am-12pm or by appointment Course description The field of political psychology is vast and cuts through many subfields of political science. The focus in this course is about how theories of psychology apply to explain people’s political at- titudes and behaviours. In particular, the course is about how people receive, process, and use information they receive from their environment, interactions with others, the news media, and political elites to develop, change or maintain their political attitudes and make political decisions. Topics to be explored include candidate evaluation and choice, political knowledge and misinfor- mation, media effects, political polarization, and racial prejudice. Students will also be introduced to basic notions of the experimental design, a requisite to understanding the work produced in political psychology. Course text The required text for this course is: Druckman, J. N., Green, D. P., Kuklinski, J. H., & Lupia, A. (Eds.). 2011. Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science. Cambridge University Press. Other readings are available electronically through Western Libraries and the course’s OWL site. Course assessment Students will be assessed in many different ways, including class participation, reading quizzes, short essays, and a final take-home exam. • Class participation (12%): students will be responsible to sign up for leading class discussion at least three (3) times during the semester. • 3 reading quizzes each worth 6%: I expect students to do all the required readings. -
New Directions in Behavioral Activation
Clinical Psychology Review 79 (2020) 101860 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Clinical Psychology Review journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinpsychrev Review New directions in behavioral activation: Using findings from basic science T and translational neuroscience to inform the exploration of potential mechanisms of change Courtney N. Forbes Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 948, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA HIGHLIGHTS • Understanding mechanisms of change can facilitate improvements in BA treatments. • BA treatments may work by targeting (low) reward responsiveness directly. • Basic science findings can inform hypotheses about potential mechanisms of change. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Interest in behavioral activation treatments for depression has increased over the past two decades. Behavioral Behavioral activation activation treatments have been shown to be effective in treating depression across a variety of populations and Reward responsiveness settings. However, little is known about the mechanisms of change that may bring about symptom improvement Depression in behavioral activation treatments. Recent developments in the theoretical and empirical literature on beha- Mechanisms of change vioral activation treatments have coincided with advances in basic science and translational neuroscience re- Translational neuroscience garding the mechanisms underlying individual differences in responsiveness to reward. Attenuated reward re- sponsiveness has been associated with depression and related clinical outcomes at the self-report, behavioral, and neural levels of analysis. Given that behavioral activation treatments are focused on increasing individuals' contact and engagement with sustainable sources of reward in their environment, it is plausible that behavioral activation treatments bring about improvements in depression symptoms by targeting (low) reward respon- siveness directly. -
General Psychology
mathematics HEALTH ENGINEERING DESIGN MEDIA management GEOGRAPHY EDUCA E MUSIC C PHYSICS law O ART L agriculture O BIOTECHNOLOGY G Y LANGU CHEMISTRY TION history AGE M E C H A N I C S psychology General Psychology Subject: GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Credits: 4 SYLLABUS A definition of Psychology Practical problems, Methods of Psychology, Work of Psychologists, Schools of psychology, Attention & Perception - Conscious clarity, determinants of Attention, Distraction, Sensory deprivation, Perceptual constancies, perception of fundamental physical dimensions, Illusions, Organizational factors of perception. Principles of learning Classical conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Principles of reinforcement, Cognitive Learning, Individualized learning, Learner & learning memory - kinds of memory, processes of memory, stages of memory, forgetting. Thinking and language - Thinking process, Concepts. Intelligence & Motivation Theories - Measurement of Intelligence; Determinants; Testing for special aptitudes, Motivation - Motives as inferences, Explanations and predictors, Biological motivation, Social motives, Motives to know and to be effective. Emotions Physiology of emotion, Expression of emotions, Theories of emotions; Frustration and conflict, Personality - Determinants of Personality, Theories of personality Psychodynamic, Trait, Type, Learning, Behavioural & Self: Measurement of personality Suggested Readings: 1. Morgan, Clifford. T., King, Richard. A., Weisz, John.R., Schopler, John, Introduction to Psychology, TataMcGraw Hill. 2. Marx, Melvin H. -
Observing Ben Wyckoff: from Basic Research to Programmed Instruction and Social Issues Rogelio Escobar and Kennon A
The Behavior Analyst 2011, 34, 149–170 No. 2 (Fall) Observing Ben Wyckoff: From Basic Research to Programmed Instruction and Social Issues Rogelio Escobar and Kennon A. Lattal West Virginia University L. Benjamin Wyckoff’s seminal contributions to both psychological theory and application are the subject of this review. Wyckoff started his academic career as a graduate student at Indiana University, where he developed the observing-response procedure under the guidance of B. F. Skinner and C. J. Burke. At the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wyckoff refined his mathematical theory of secondary reinforcement. This theory was the impetus for his creation of an electronic simulation of a rat running a T maze, one of the first ‘‘computer models’’ of learning. Wyckoff next went to Emory University, leaving there to help create two of the most successful companies dedicated to the advancement of programmed instruction and teaching machines: Teaching Machines, Inc. and the Human Development Institute. Wyckoff’s involvement in these companies epitomizes the application of basic behavior-analytic principles in the development of technology to improve education and human relationships. The emergent picture of Wyckoff is that of a man who, through his research, professional work in educational applications of behavioral principles, and active involvement in the civil rights movement of the 1960s, was strongly committed to applying behavioral science to positively influence human behavior change. Key words: Benjamin Wyckoff, observing responses, conditioned reinforcement, teaching machines, programmed instruction, human relationships, diversity issues, client-centered therapy The first author is now at the National Lewis Benjamin Wyckoff, Jr., Ben Autonomous University of Mexico and was to friends and colleagues, was born in supported by a postdoctoral fellowship award- 1922 in Niagara Falls, New York. -
Bilali, Rezarta -CV-Jan 2021
Rezarta Bilali CV- 2021 1 Rezarta Bilali, PhD Department of Applied Psychology New York University 246 Greene Street, Kimball Hall, rm 801 New York, NY10003 tel: +1(212)9985155 email: [email protected] ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT 2020- Associate Professor, Psychology and Social Intervention Department of Applied Psychology New York University, USA 2013-2020 Assistant Professor, Psychology and Social Intervention Department of Applied Psychology New York University, USA 2009-2013 Assistant Professor, Department of Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global Governance, McCormack Graduate School of Policy Studies University of Massachusetts Boston, Mass. EDUCATION 2009 University of Massachusetts at Amherst PhD Social Psychology Concentration: Psychology of Peace and Violence Minor: Quantitative Methods 2004 Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey MA Conflict Resolution 2001 Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey BA Psychology HONORS/AWARDS 2020 Otto Klineberg Intercultural and International Relations Award, Honorable Mention Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues 2017 Daniel E. Griffiths Award for Outstanding Research New York University – Steinhardt 2017 Goddard Fellowship Award New York University – Steinhardt 2016 Roberta Sigel Early Career Scholar Paper Award International Society for Political Psychology 2014 Michele Alexander Early Career Award APA Division 9, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues 2014 W. Gabriel Carras Research Award New York University – Steinhardt Rezarta Bilali CV- 2021 2 2010 Outstanding Dissertation Award Finalist The International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology 2010 Unique Honorable Mention for Dissertation Thesis International Society for Political Psychology 2008/2004 Network Supplementary Grant Fellowship Open Society Institute and SOROS Foundation PUBLICATIONS (* denotes student co-authors) Journal Articles (peer reviewed) Ulug, M., Bilali, R., Karasu, M., & Malo, L. -
Reinforcement
Reinforcement This article is about the psychological concept. For behavior but this term may also refer to an enhancement the construction materials reinforcement, see Rebar. of memory. One example of this effect is called post- For reinforcement learning in computer science, see training reinforcement where a stimulus (e.g. food) given Reinforcement learning. For beam stiffening, see shortly after a training session enhances the learning.[2] Stiffening. This stimulus can also be an emotional one. A good ex- In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a ample is that many people can explain in detail where they were when they found out the World Trade Center was attacked.[3][4] Reinforcement is an important part of operant or instrumental conditioning. 1 Introduction B.F. Skinner was a well-known and influential researcher who articulated many of the theoretical constructs of reinforcement and behaviorism. Skinner defined rein- forcers according to the change in response strength (re- sponse rate) rather than to more subjective criteria, such as what is pleasurable or valuable to someone. Accord- Diagram of operant conditioning ingly, activities, foods or items considered pleasant or en- joyable may not necessarily be reinforcing (because they consequence that will strengthen an organism’s future be- produce no increase in the response preceding them). havior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific Stimuli, settings, and activities only fit the definition of antecedent stimulus. This strengthening effect may be reinforcers if the behavior that immediately precedes the measured as a higher frequency of behavior (e.g., pulling potential reinforcer increases in similar situations in the a lever more frequently), longer duration (e.g., pulling future; for example, a child who receives a cookie when a lever for longer periods of time), greater magnitude he or she asks for one. -
Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions
Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions Leor Zmigrod1,2,3 & Amit Goldenberg4 Affiliations: 1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 3Churchill College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 4Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Contact: Dr Leor Zmigrod, [email protected], +44 7522193934. Paper accepted and in press at Current Directions in Psychological Science. Can be tempo- rarily cited as: Zmigrod, L., & Goldenberg, A. (2020). Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions. Current Directions in Psychological Sci- ence. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w3hj6 1 Abstract Who is most likely to join and engage in extreme political action? While traditional theories have focused on situational factors or group identity attributes, an emerging science illustrates that tendencies for extreme political action may also be rooted in individuals’ idiosyncratic cognitive and affective dispositions. This paper synthesizes cutting-edge evidence demonstrating that an individual’s cognitive and affective architecture shape their willingness to support ideological violence. From a cognitive perspective, traits such as cognitive rigidity, slower perceptual strategies, and poorer executive functions are linked to heightened endorsement for ideological violence. From an emotional standpoint, characteristics associated with emotional reactivity and impaired emotional regulation, such as sensation-seeking and impulsivity, can facilitate readiness for extreme political action. The review hones in on the roles of cognitive rigidity and sensation-seeking as traits heightening proclivities for extreme pro-group behavior, and recommends that future research should aim to assess cognition-emotion interactions to reveal different sub-profiles of political actors. -
Voting: a Behavioral Analysis
Behavior and Social Issues, Volume 6, No. 1, Spring 1996 Voting: A Behavioral Analysis Max Visser University of Twente ABSTRACT: The behavior of voting for a party in an election has important social implications, yet, due to strong mentalistic influences in electoral research, it has rarely been studied from the behavior analytical perspective. In this article a behavioral analysis of voting is presented and a derived behavioral model is empirically tested on data from a Dutch election survey. It is concluded that such an analysis is both theoretically fruitful and empirically relevant. Introduction Of all possible behaviors a person emits in the course of his life, few may have as many implications as the behavior of voting for a party in an election. By casting a vote, the individual person, directly or indirectly, lays down a course of action for parliaments and governments, and, thus, for the sociopolitical and physical organization of the country he or she inhabits. Through elections, leaders have risen to power who dramatically changed the course of world politics and instigated policies affecting the daily lives of millions. While socially relevant, voting behavior seldom has been researched from a behavior analytical perspective (an exception is Lamal & Greenspoon, 1992). For a long time the study of voting has been dominated by normative considerations, ascribing to the average voter a strong sense of rationality with regard to political matters. The first psychological investigations of electoral behavior quickly shattered this optimistic vision, but they replaced it by a form of semi-rationality, according to which the voter's choices at the voting booths are determined by more or less stable set of mental constructs (political beliefs, attitudes, values, etc.) (Visser, 1994a). -
Fall 2015 PSYCHOLOGY of POLITICAL
Fall 2015 PSYCHOLOGY OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 790-586 Mondays, 3:00 - 5:40, Hickman 313 Professor: Richard R. Lau Phone: (848) 932-6685 Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Tues, 2 - 4, 505 Hickman Hall; and by appointment. To the extent that political scientists study individual political beliefs and behavior, they rely heavily on theories from psychology. Studies of international relations, political culture, public opinion and voting behavior, race, ethnicity and gender, etc., all rely to a greater or lesser extent on some psychological theory of individual behavior. This course looks explicitly at the interface between psychology and politics, especially public opinion and voting behavior (as American politics is the area of politic science I know best). We will occasionally all read applications of political psychology to other subfields, however, and I encourage each of you to explore some of the political psychology literature from other subfields. I have chosen seven broad topic areas in which interesting research is being conducted in political psychology. For each of these seven areas, we will initially spend some class time -- in several cases an entire class period -- obtaining a general overview of psychological theory, and then spend a class or two looking at the research applying those psychological theories to political science. Again, the political science research will generally be in the area of American politics, but the psychology theories we learn should be applicable to research in other areas of political science as well, including certainly all of the subfields in our department. Requirements The course assumes at least a passing acquaintance with research in American politics (as one would learn from the American politics proseminar), comparative politics, international relations, and/or women and politics, as these are the substantive areas of political science which have most strongly utilized ideas and theories from psychology. -
Behavioral Models of Depression: a Critique of the Emphasis on Positive Reinforcement
International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy Volume 4, No. 2, 2008 Behavioral Models of Depression: A Critique of the Emphasis on Positive Reinforcement Paulo Roberto Abreu & Carlos E. Santos Abstract This paper provides a review of behavioral models of depression highlighting the problems associated with its historical emphasis on lowered frequencies of positive reinforcement. We analyzed the models of Ferster and Lewinsohn in their theoretical approach, methodology and application. We conducted a review of the suppressive characteristics exercised by punishment, by the presentation of non-contingent aversive stimulation and by operant extinction. A number of recommendations are made concerning how these processes can inform interventions. We conclude that interventions geared towards identifying aversive control play a promising role in clinical change in the treatment of depression. Keywords: Aversive Control, Response-Contingent Positive Reinforcement, Depression, Clinical Behavior Analysis, Functional Assessment, Behavioral Activation. The present article aims to revisit the principles of behavioral models of depression by emphasizing advancements in the field, as well as providing a critique of the dominant models. With this goal in mind, we aim to re-direct the conceptual analysis towards an understanding of the environmental variables frequently observed in the behaviors of depressed individuals. Drawing from the existing literature, we propose possible variables associated with behavioral suppression and its mechanisms during the development and course of depressive behavior repertories. Three particular behavioral processes are considered: (1) suppressive characteristics exercised by punishment, (2) the presentation of non-contingent aversive stimulation, and (3) operant extinction. We begin with a discussion of the dominant models of depression, followed by a critique, and we conclude with a discussion of how each of these processes can inform clinical interventions. -
Psychology As a Historical Science
HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1 PSYCHOLOGY AS A HISTORICAL SCIENCE Michael Muthukrishna Department of Psychological anD Behavioral Science LonDon School of Economics anD Political Science Joseph Henrich Department of Human Evolutionary Biology HarvarD University EdwarD SlingerlanD Department of Asian StuDies University of British Columbia HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2 Abstract Psychology has traDitionally seen itself as the science of universal human cognition, anD has only recently begun seriously grappling with the issue of cross-cultural variation. Here we argue that the roots of cross-cultural variation often lie in the past. Therefore, to unDerstanD not just the way, but also why psychology varies, we also neeD to grapple with cross-temporal variation. Psychology neeDs to become a historical science. The traces of past human cognition accessible through historical texts anD artifacts can also serve as a valuable, anD yet currently almost completely unutilizeD, source of psychological Data. This data from DeaD minDs opens up a new anD untappeD, highly Diverse subject pool. The cohort effects we measure are a sliver of the temporal variation we shoulD expect over history. We review examples of research that may be classifieD as historical psychology, introDuce sources of Data anD methoDs for analyzing historical Data, explain for the critical role of theory, anD Discuss the variety of ways in which psychologists can aDD historical depth and nuance to their work. Historical psychology is a critical next step towarD becoming a genuinely universal science. Keywords: cultural evolution, cultural psychology, culture, historical Databases, large-scale textual analysis, science-humanities integration Introduction Our psychology is shapeD by our societies (Henrich 2016; Henrich et al.