Geographical Constraints to Growth in Bolivia
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Races of Maize in Bolivia
RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E. David H. Timothy Efraín DÍaz B. U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Edgar Anderson William L. Brown NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Publication 747 Funds were provided for publication by a contract between the National Academythis of Sciences -National Research Council and The Institute of Inter-American Affairs of the International Cooperation Administration. The grant was made the of the Committee on Preservation of Indigenousfor Strainswork of Maize, under the Agricultural Board, a part of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council. RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E., David H. Timothy, Efraín Díaz B., and U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Calle, Edgar Anderson, and William L. Brown Publication 747 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Washington, D. C. 1960 COMMITTEE ON PRESERVATION OF INDIGENOUS STRAINS OF MAIZE OF THE AGRICULTURAL BOARD DIVISIONOF BIOLOGYAND AGRICULTURE NATIONALACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONALRESEARCH COUNCIL Ralph E. Cleland, Chairman J. Allen Clark, Executive Secretary Edgar Anderson Claud L. Horn Paul C. Mangelsdorf William L. Brown Merle T. Jenkins G. H. Stringfield C. O. Erlanson George F. Sprague Other publications in this series: RACES OF MAIZE IN CUBA William H. Hatheway NAS -NRC Publication 453 I957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN COLOMBIA M. Roberts, U. J. Grant, Ricardo Ramírez E., L. W. H. Hatheway, and D. L. Smith in collaboration with Paul C. Mangelsdorf NAS-NRC Publication 510 1957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN CENTRAL AMERICA E. -
Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information
Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information Updated August 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46225 SUMMARY R46225 Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical August 5, 2021 Information Carla Y. Davis-Castro This report provides statistical information on Indigenous peoples in Latin America. Data and Research Librarian findings vary, sometimes greatly, on all topics covered in this report, including populations and languages, socioeconomic data, land and natural resources, human rights and international legal conventions. For example the figure below shows four estimates for the Indigenous population of Latin America ranging from 41.8 million to 53.4 million. The statistics vary depending on the source methodology, changes in national censuses, the number of countries covered, and the years examined. Indigenous Population and Percentage of General Population of Latin America Sources: Graphic created by CRS using the World Bank’s LAC Equity Lab with webpage last updated in July 2021; ECLAC and FILAC’s 2020 Los pueblos indígenas de América Latina - Abya Yala y la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible: tensiones y desafíos desde una perspectiva territorial; the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and World Bank’s (WB) 2015 Indigenous Latin America in the twenty-first century: the first decade; and ECLAC’s 2014 Guaranteeing Indigenous people’s rights in Latin America: Progress in the past decade and remaining challenges. Notes: The World Bank’s LAC Equity Lab -
Summary of the Bch 2018 Judgment
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Peace Palace, Carnegieplein 2, 2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands Tel.: +31 (0)70 302 2323 Fax: +31 (0)70 364 9928 Website: www.icj-cij.org Twitter Account: @CIJ_ICJ YouTube Channel: CIJ ICJ LinkedIn page: International Court of Justice (ICJ) Summary Not an official document Summary 2018/5 1 October 2018 Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile) Summary of the Judgment of 1 October 2018 Procedural background (paras. 1-15) The Court recalls that, on 24 April 2013, the Government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (hereinafter “Bolivia”) filed in the Registry of the Court an Application instituting proceedings against the Republic of Chile (hereinafter “Chile”) with regard to a dispute “relating to Chile’s obligation to negotiate in good faith and effectively with Bolivia in order to reach an agreement granting Bolivia a fully sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean”. On 15 July 2014, Chile raised a preliminary objection to the jurisdiction of the Court. By its Judgment of 24 September 2015, the Court rejected the preliminary objection raised by Chile and found that it had jurisdiction, on the basis of Article XXXI of the Pact of Bogotá, to entertain the Application. Public hearings were held from 19 March to 28 March 2018. I. HISTORICAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND (PARAS. 16-83) Due to the importance of the historical context of this dispute, the Court begins by examining certain events that have marked the relationship between Bolivia and Chile. 1. Events and treaties prior to 1904, including the 1895 Transfer Treaty (paras. -
Biosphere Reserves in the Mediterranean Region: Development of a 14
MAB Report Seville+5 page1(EN) 18/09/01 9:47 Page 1 (Noir/Process Black film) The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the impression of any opinion on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this digest are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of UNESCO or the authors’ employers. Published in 2001 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP France (SC-2001/WS/28) Previous reports in this series 1. International Co-ordinating Council of the Programme on Man and the Biosphere 34. Regional meeting on integrated ecological research and training needs in the (MAB). First session. Paris, 9–19 November, 1971. southern Asian mountain systems, particularly the Hind u Kush-Himalayas. 2. Expert panel on the role of systems analysis and modelling approaches in the Kathmandu, 26 September–2 October, 1975. Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). Paris, 18–20 April, 1972. 35. Regional meeting on integrated ecological research and training needs in tropical 3. Expert panel on Project 1: Ecological effects of increasing human activities on deciduous and semi-deciduous forest ecosystems of South Asia. Varanasi, tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems. Paris, 16–18 May, 1972. 5–11 October, 1975. 4. Expert panel on Project 12: Interactions between environmental transformations 36. Regional meeting on integrated ecological research and conservation activities in and genetic and demographic changes. -
Post-Neoliberal Environmental Governance in Bolivia and Ecuador Pablo Andrade A
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector OPEN 4 The Government of Nature: Post-Neoliberal Environmental Governance in Bolivia and Ecuador Pablo Andrade A. Introduction In 2005 and 2006, anti-neoliberal coalitions won the elections in Bolivia and Ecuador, respectively. In both countries, this development put an end to the rules that had regulated the use of natural resources in hydrocarbon extraction during the latter part of the twentieth century (Hogenboom, 2014). The post-neoliberal governments constructed new institutions for the governance of extractive-industry activities. The new rules of the game have changed the way in which the Andean countries govern extractive industries. It has not put an end to their dependence on income generated from natural resources, but it has changed the way in which that income is distributed. The process of change from neoliberalism to post-neoliberalism was fast, and fraught with confusion and abandoned experiments. This chapter describes that process. Two analytical objectives guide this description. First, I will identify the factors that guided the changes from neoliberalism to post-neoliberalism; and second, I will analyse the pos- sibilities for the governance of mineral and hydrocarbon wealth and the creation of a “government of nature” that were opened up by the new regulatory framework. Natural resources, rentier states, development and post-neoliberalism The contemporary debate about development based on natural resources has existed since the 1990s. Numerous academic studies con- ducted in that decade called attention to the relationship between 113 F. de Castro et al. (eds.), Environmental Governance in Latin America © Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 114 The Government of Nature income from natural resources and development, highlighting the neg- ative impact of the former on the latter. -
Tarija (Bolivia) – Natural Gas Extraction
From: Humphreys Bebbington D. PhD research proposal. SED University of Manchester. Tarija (Bolivia) – Natural Gas Extraction The Department of Tarija lies in southeast Bolivia bordering with Argentina and Paraguay. Covering an area of 37,623km 2 and with a primarily mestizo 1 population of approximately 400,000 (Census 2001), the Department is home to over 20 indigenous groups (with the Guarani being most numerous) and a growing number of migrants from the highlands. Tarija has long occupied a marginal position in Bolivia's economy and politics. However, the discovery of vast natural gas resources in the region in the late 1990s, considered to be South America's second largest gas field, is rapidly transforming the region. The extent of these natural gas reserves, coupled with a favorable legislative framework until recent years, has attracted foreign direct investment eager to extract, process, transport and market natural gas and its derivatives to energy hungry neighbors such as Brazil and Argentina, and to a lesser extent supply the domestic market with a source of cheap, clean energy. But the process of extracting and monetizing this new found wealth has been less than easy, producing frictions and conflict at the local, regional, national and continental levels. Indeed the struggle to define who owns Bolivia's hydrocarbon resources and how the rents they generate should be divided among different actors led to the 2003 Gas War and the successive departures of three presidents within two years. This period of political instability culminated in the election of social movement leader Evo Morales as President in 2006. -
The Andean Community at the Crossroads
Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas Discussion Paper Number 16 Natural Resources & Foreign Investors: A tale of three Andean countries Leonardo Stanley April 2008 The Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas, founded in 2004, brings together researchers from several countries in the Americas who have carried out empirical studies of the social and environmental impacts of economic liberalization. The goal of the Working Group Project is to contribute empirical research and policy analysis to the ongoing policy debates on national economic development strategies and international trade. The project also brings more prominently into U.S. policy debates the rich body of research carried out by Latin American experts, as well as their informed perspectives on trade and development policies. Hosted by Tufts' Global Development and Environment Institute, the Working Group Project has four initiatives. The Working Group’s web page is http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/WGOverview.htm Leonardo Stanley is an economist at Universidad de Mar del Plata and a visiting researcher in the Department of Economics at CEDES. He has previously worked in the Programa de Teoría Económica at Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social in Buenos Aires. Leonardo Stanley received his MA in Science in Economics from Queen Mary & Westfield, London University, and a Diplome d’Etudes Approfondies from Universidad de Evry Val-d'Essone. © 2008, Leonardo Stanley and the Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas Natural Resources & Foreign Investors: A tale of three Andean countries Leonardo Stanley Introduction Over the past 25 years, Latin American governments have undertaken a structural-adjustment process including, among other actions, the elimination of trade barriers, privatization of large public domestic firms, and deregulation of markets. -
Bolivia: Floods
Bolivia: Floods “El Niño phenomenon has resulted in heavy rainfall, particularly in several regions of www.reliefweb.int Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and northern La Paz and Beni departments of Created by ReliefWeb on 2 Feb 2007 Bolivia.” OCHA Situation Report No.3 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs United Nations Total: SITUATION • 18,806 families affected • Agricultural and livestock sectors severely affected, (94,030 people) • 17 dead particularly in the departments of Santa Cruz, • 3 missing Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Tarija, Potosí and La Paz. Pando • Ministry of Health declared “red alert” nationwide in order to prevent possible dengue outbreaks. 24 cases confirmed. BRAZIL ACTION • Relief assistance via the General Emergency and Aid PERU Beni Directorate. 486 families • Bolivian Government is preparing an affected Appeal to be launched next week to the international La Paz community. 2,067 families BOLIVIA affected Lago Titicaca LINKS Main roads interrupted La Paz (including Cochabamba- • OCHA Situation Report No.3 Santa Cruz section) • Latest updates for Bolivia: Floods Cochabamba 3,953 families • Related maps ______________________________________________________ affected Santa Cruz Based on OCHA Situation Report No.3, issued 1 Feb 2007 3,217 families affected GLIDE: FL-2007-000012-BOL Oruro Contact: [email protected] 14 families affected Salar de Chuquisaca INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY Uyuni 4,219 families Provincial Boundary Potosi affected Major Road Tarija and Santa Cruz CHILE 2,830 families Tarija National Capital Some communities affected 2,020 families affected remain isolated Affected Department by hail Affected Department PARAGUAY 0 150 300 Kilometers Map data sources: UNCS, SALB, DevInfo. ARGENTINA The names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations .. -
Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay
UNHCR organizes vocational training and brings clean water system to the Wounaan communities in Panama Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) UNHCR / M. H. VERNEY OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS l Throughout the Americas UNHCR witnessed a rise in l The Regional Solidarity Resettlement Programme of the the number of regional and extra-regional asylum-seekers Mexico Plan of Action was revamped and confirmed as a and refugees travelling within broader migratory key strategy in providing durable solutions to Colombian movements. refugees in the southern cone. A resettlement l Mexico appointed child protection officers in its National programme for women-at-risk began in Argentina and Migration Institute to protect unaccompanied minors Chile. trapped in massive mixed migratory flows in Central l After receiving a total of 225 Palestinian refugees for America. resettlement, Brazil and Chile began taking active steps to l In Nicaragua, one of the most advanced asylum laws in the assist with their local integration. region was passed by the National Assembly in July 2008. l UNHCR continued to engage with regional entities such l The right to asylum was incorporated into the new as Organization of American States (OAS) and Constitution of Bolivia. MERCOSUR. UNHCR Global Report 2008 281 Working environment Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR continued to be on the agenda at regional forums such as the OAS or the The global economic crisis caused a decline in remittances to Specialized Migratory Forum of MERCOSUR. Training and the region, especially to the Central American countries promotional activities were undertaken in cooperation with whose economies are highly dependent on them. -
A Comparison of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela by R a Ú L M a D R I D
LEftist GOVERNMENT IN LatiN AMERICA: A Comparison of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela by R a ú l M a d r i d IN MUCH OF LatiN AMERICA, THE LEFT IS The former president of Chile, Ricardo Lagos, kicked off the confer- resurgent. During the 1990s, conservative poli- ence by delivering the 2008 Lozano Long lecture entitled: “Democracy, cies held sway in much of the region, as even Equity, and Growth: 18 years of Democratic Coalition Government traditionally populist parties came to embrace the in Chile.” In his speech, Lagos linked the left to social justice and to I market-oriented paradigm. The new millennium, the idea of giving “more power to the citizens.” He argued that the however, saw the region move in a different direction, driven in part by left could be distinguished from the right in part based on beliefs disenchantment with the traditional parties and their record of gover- about whether society should be fundamentally shaped by citizens or nance. By early 2008, left-of-center parties or movements had come to consumers. Lagos acknowledged the benefits of a market economy, power in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, but he argued that if society is shaped only by consumers, then it will Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and, nearly, Mexico and Peru as well. reproduce the inequities that exist in markets. Citizens, he argued, are The new left-of-center governments are often said to represent a equal in rights and duties, while consumers are unequal because their wide variety of tendencies, yet we still have relatively little systematic rights and influence “depend on the size of their pockets.” and comparative information on their policy programs. -
Las Relaciones Entre El Perú Y Bolivia (1826-2013)
Fabián Novak Sandra Namihas SERIE: POLÍTICA EXTERIOR PERUANA LAS RELACIONES ENTRE EL PERÚ Y BOLIVIA ( 1826-2013 ) SERIE: POLÍTICA EXTERIOR PERUANA LAS RELACIONES ENTRE EL PERÚ Y BOLIVIA (1826-2013) Serie: Política Exterior Peruana LAS RELACIONES ENTRE EL PERÚ Y BOLIVIA (1826-2013) Fabián Novak Sandra Namihas 2013 Serie: Política Exterior Peruana Las relaciones entre el Perú y Bolivia (1826-2013) Primera edición, octubre de 2013 © Konrad Adenauer Stiftung General Iglesias 630, Lima 18 – Perú Email: [email protected] URL: <www.kas.de/peru> Telf: (51-1) 208-9300 Fax: (51-1) 242-1371 © Instituto de Estudios Internacionales (IDEI) Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Plaza Francia 1164, Lima 1 – Perú Email: [email protected] URL: <www.pucp.edu.pe/idei> Telf: (51-1) 626-6170 Fax: (51-1) 626-6176 Diseño de cubierta: Eduardo Aguirre / Sandra Namihas Derechos reservados, prohibida la reproducción de este libro por cualquier medio, total o parcialmente, sin permiso expreso de los editores. Hecho el depósito legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú Registro: Nº 2013-14683 ISBN Nº 978-9972-671-18-0 Impreso en: EQUIS EQUIS S.A. RUC: 20117355251 Jr. Inca 130, Lima 34 – Perú Impreso en el Perú – Printed in Peru A la memoria de mi padre y hermano, F.N. A mis padres, Jorge y María Luisa S.N. Índice Introducción …………………………….……...…………….…… 17 CAPÍTULO 1: El inicio de ambas repúblicas y los grandes temas bilaterales en el siglo XIX ……………………….………..……… 19 1 El inicio de las relaciones diplomáticas y el primer intento de federación peruano-boliviana ……………............. 22 2 El comienzo del largo camino para la definición de los límites ……………………………………………...…. -
Anatomy of a Regional Conflict: Tarija and Resource Grievances in Morales
Anatomy of a regional conflict: Tarija and resource grievances in Morales’ Bolivia Denise Humphreys Bebbington School of Environment and Development Room 1.54, Humanities Bridgeford Street University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL UK [email protected] Tel 44-1457-869813 Anthony Bebbington School of Environment and Development Room 1.54, Humanities Bridgeford Street University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL UK [email protected] Tel: 44-161-2750422 Forthcoming in Latin American Perspectives , 2010 Abstract: In 2008, the Department of Tarija became the epicenter of national political struggles over political autonomy for lowland regions at odds with the Morales administration. In September, following a series of regional referenda on autonomy and a national recall election, citizen committees in Tarija mobilized urban-based sectors and organized a general strike to oppose central government. This paper analyzes this mobilization and argues that it is unhelpful to understand the strike as simply an act of political sabotage orchestrated by racist, regional elites. The factors driving protest and interest in autonomy are varied and deeply related to patterns of hydrocarbon extraction in the department that have allowed for the mobilization of grievance and cultivation of resource regionalism at departmental and intra-departmental scales. Theoretically it suggests that alongside class and ethnicity, identities of place and region can be equally important in processes of mobilization,