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Jangal-Mahal Utsab Jhargam District in West Bengal Culture Notebook: Preliminary Factual Sheet Created: 12/24/2016 7:16 PM Updated: 5/11/2018 11:35 PM Author: Siya Rasik URL: http://forumias.academy/lms/#/main/examAnswers 2018 GIST Festival Name State Other Information Tribal folk songs and dances such Jhargam district in West Jangal-mahal Utsab as Tusu, Bhadu, Ahira and Bengal Jhumur Held bi-annually to honour the twin goddesses Sammakka and Medaram’s Sammakka- her daughter Sarakka. Sarakka/Saralamma Forest dwelling Koya tribe Biggest Tribal festival in Asia Jatara of Telangana and surrounding states which is attended by one crore Medaram is a remote people on an average place in the Central government is likely to According to the myth it declare Medaram’s Sammakka- Eturnagaram Wildlife was Sammakka’s curse Sanctuary, a part of Sarakka/Saralamma Jatara a which caused gradual national festival Dandakaranya, the decline and death of largest surviving forest Once declared a national Kakatiya rule. belt in the Deccan. festival, Jatara can be considered for ‘intangible cultural heritage of humanity’ tag of UNESCO Paika Dance Form Jharkhand Celebrarted by Marathas Wari wakari Tradition more than 700 years old Maharashtra Three different set of journey Or starts from three places in VARKARI Maharashtra 21 days journey NANDA DEVI RAJ JAATI Uttrakhand yatra Assam’s Bihugeet Bihu - Assam colours of the Brahmaputra songs and its life-sustaining character Bhupen Hazarika in praise of the grit of its people Jallikatu Traditional bull-taming sport Eruthazhuvuthal or Tamil Nadu organised in Tamil Nadu during Manju virattu Pongal Largest congregation of female for a festival in the world Kuthiyottam ritual: Against child Attukal Pongala festival Kerala right as children are made as God soldier and side pierxing is done and thread is knot so that bond with God is shown. Kaliyattam Kerala Kolatam Andhra Pradesh Pushkaram Festival of worshipping river Five Great Events of Buddha’s Life and their symbols are • Birth – Lotus & Bull • Great Renunciaon- Horse • Nirvana – Bodhi Tree • First Sermon – Dharma Chakra • Death – Stupa The main architectural features of Odisha temples are classified in three orders, i.e., rekhapida, pidhadeul and Most of the main temple sites are located in ancient Kalinga—modern Puri District, including Bhubaneswar or ancient Tribhuvanesvara, Puri and Konark. The temples of Odisha constitute a distinct sub- style within the nagara order. In general, here the shikhara, called deul in Odisha, is vertical almost until the top when it suddenly curves sharply inwards. Deuls are preceded, as usual, by mandapas called jagamohana in Odisha. Sports Authority of India (SAI) also promotes Indigenous Games and Martial Arts (IGMA) in 09 disciplines under its National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) scheme where talented children are selected in the age group of 8-14 years in 10 SAI adopted Centres. 1. Silambam, Tamilnadu 2. Kalaripayattu, Kerala 3. Kabaddi, Telengana 4. Archery, Jharkhand 5. Malkhamb, Maharashtra 6. Mukna, Imphal 7. Thangta, Imphal 8. Khomlainai, Assam 9. Gatka, Punjab Mukna - form of wrestling Gatka - uses sticks instead of sword in fight Indian harvest festivals Makar Sankranti: The festival of Makar Sankranti is being celebrated today when the Sun enters the Makar zodiac and the days begin to lengthen compared to nights. Pongal: In South India and particularly in Tamil Nadu, it’s the festival of Pongal which is being celebrated over 4 days at harvest time. Magha Bihu: In Assam and many parts of the North East, the festival of Magha Bihu is celebrated. It sees the first harvest of the season being offered to the gods along with prayers for peace and prosperity. People in Assam celebrate this festival wearing colourful and bright clothes. Uttarayan: Gujarat celebrates it in the form of the convivial kite festival of Uttarayan. Maghi: In Punjab, Makar Sankranti is celebrated as Maghi. Bathing in a river in the early hours on Maghi is important. Saaji: In Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh, Makara Sankranti is known as Magha Saaji. Saaji is the Pahari word for Sakranti, start of the new month. Hence this day marks the start of the month of Magha. Kicheri: The festival is known as Kicheri in Uttar Pradesh and involves ritual bathing. Jainsem — the traditional attire that Lyngdoh: Meghalaya Women regular everyday attire Ambubachi Mela is held in Guwahati, Assam. The festival is celebrated during the month of June in the Kamakhya Temple. Thousands of devotees from all over India and abroad throng the temple; thus this mela can rightly be called the ‘Mahakumbh of the East’. It is believed that during this time of each year Goddess Kamakhya goes through her annual menstrual cycle. The temple remains closed for three days and is considered unclean, however the devotees throng the temple’s premises to seek Goddess’ blessing even though the doors are closed. It is also during this time of the year when the Tantrik Cult is seen performing various unusual rites. After three days the temple re-opens and the devotees are allowed to offer prayer to the deity. Description of the caste system of the Tamils is found in the “Tolkappiyam”. Tolkappiyar speaks of the four castes of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras, though he employs appellations in terms of the Tamil language prevalent in the Tamil country. Thus he equates Brahmins with Antanar, Kshatriyas with Arasar, the Vaishyas without any modification and the Sudras with Vellalas. The implied identification of the Sudras with the Vellalas is inexplicable because, then, as ever afterwards, the VeIIaIas constituted only one section of the so-called Sudras. Temple Location 1.)Ladkhan Temple. Aihole 2.)Ekambaranathar. Kanchipuram 3.)Gangaikondachola cholapuram. Thanjavur Ancient Rock Art in India Is Oldest Depiction of Supernova: Scientists in India have discovered rock art that appears to depict a supernova and the surrounding stars, buried inside the wall of an ancient dwelling place. Thought to date from 3,600 BC, the carving would be the oldest-known depiction of such a cosmic event. Where was it found? The carving was found in the Burzahama region in Kashmir, India About Madhubani paintings: Madhubani, which means ‘forest of honey’, is a style of folk painting old enough to find mention in some of the ancient Indian texts like the holy Ramayana. It is also known as Mithila, for its origin is said to be the Mithila region in Bihar. Traditionally, the Madhubani paintings are created using fingers and twigs, and items like matchsticks have come to be used in their creation in recent times. Their various styles include Bharni, Katchni, Tantrik, Godna, and Kohbar, which would historically be painted only by women from the upper strata in the caste system, who would make them on mud walls on special occasions. The norms have now changed and the paintings can be enjoyed by anyone and in various forms. Madhubani is now found on apparel, paper, canvas, and other products, which boast of designs inspired by Hindu deities such as Krishna, Rama, Lakshmi, Shiva, Durga, Saraswati, all of whom have been painted in Madhubani since ancient times. Other subjects of Madhubani paintings include peacocks, fish and human connection with nature The Vedangas are six auxiliary disciplines in Vedic culture that developed in ancient times, and has been connected with the study of the Vedas. The study of Vedangas was considered necessary either for reading, understanding or the proper sacrificial element of Vedas. The six Vedangas are: Shiksha : focussed on the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, accent, quantity etc. Chhandas (chandas): focussed on the poetic meters Vyakarana (vyākaraṇa): focussed on the rules of grammar and linguistic analysis. Nirukta: has focussed on linguistic analysis and etymology to help establish the proper meaning of the words Kalpa: focussed on standardizing procedures for Vedic rituals, Jyotisha: Focussed on auspicious time for rituals, astrology Astronomy: focussed on time keeping. The first two are considered necessary for reading, the next two for understanding and last two for employing it as sacrifices of the Vedas. Vedas are considered Apaursheya, i.e, not made by the men. Vedas are considered not to be composed by sages but these hymns were revealed to them by supreme creator. Vedanags cannot be ranked in the same category as its authorship is ascribed to human beings. After the Second Buddhist council held at Vaishali, two great schools, the 'Sthaviravadins' (Hinayana) and'Mahasanghikas' came into being. By the time of Ashoka, there were eighteen different schools. Ashoka convoked the third council to stem the tide. In the ultimate, Mahasanghikas paved way for the emergence of'Mahayana' (large Vehicle) in the first century AD. The Mahayanists emphasis on the Bodhisattva theory, led to the emergence of another school called 'Yogacara'. In this school, not only imaginary beings but exponents or leaders of various sects were also defined as Bodhisattvas. As a result of inter-mingling of Buddhistic and Brahmanical speculations the Yogacara school paved way for' Vajrayana' or Tantric Buddhism. Today, there are three major types of Buddhism; Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana. Other sects of the Sthaviradins or Hinayana are Sarvastivadins (They who say "All is"),who had a canon in Sanskrit, and who differed from the Sthaviravadins in their view that the constituents of phenomena (dharmas) were not wholly momentary, but existed forever in a latent form. Another important sect was that of the Sautrantikas, who maintained that our knowledge of the outside world was only a feasible inference, and who were well on the way to the idealism of some schools of the Great Vehicle. The Sammitiyas another Buddhist sect, rejected the doctrine of soullessness and to postulate a sort of soul in the pudgola or person, which passed fromlife to life. These early sects of Buddhism probably gave much encouragement to the evolution of Indian philosophy, as distinct from mystical speculation.
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