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Deixis and Reference Tracing in Tsova-Tush (PDF)
DEIXIS AND REFERENCE TRACKING IN TSOVA-TUSH A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS MAY 2020 by Bryn Hauk Dissertation committee: Andrea Berez-Kroeker, Chairperson Alice C. Harris Bradley McDonnell James N. Collins Ashley Maynard Acknowledgments I should not have been able to finish this dissertation. In the course of my graduate studies, enough obstacles have sprung up in my path that the odds would have predicted something other than a successful completion of my degree. The fact that I made it to this point is a testament to thekind, supportive, wise, and generous people who have picked me up and dusted me off after every pothole. Forgive me: these thank-yous are going to get very sappy. First and foremost, I would like to thank my Tsova-Tush host family—Rezo Orbetishvili, Nisa Baxtarishvili, and of course Tamar and Lasha—for letting me join your family every summer forthe past four years. Your time, your patience, your expertise, your hospitality, your sense of humor, your lovingly prepared meals and generously poured wine—these were the building blocks that supported all of my research whims. My sincerest gratitude also goes to Dantes Echishvili, Revaz Shankishvili, and to all my hosts and friends in Zemo Alvani. It is possible to translate ‘thank you’ as მადელ შუნ, but you have taught me that gratitude is better expressed with actions than with set phrases, sofor now I will just say, ღაზიშ ხილჰათ, ბედნიერ ხილჰათ, მარშმაკიშ ხილჰათ.. -
Deixis and Reference Tracking in Tsova-Tush a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of Hawaiʻi at M
DEIXIS AND REFERENCE TRACKING IN TSOVA-TUSH A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS MAY 2020 by Bryn Hauk Dissertation committee: Andrea Berez-Kroeker, Chairperson Alice C. Harris Bradley McDonnell James N. Collins Ashley Maynard Acknowledgments I should not have been able to finish this dissertation. In the course of my graduate studies, enough obstacles have sprung up in my path that the odds would have predicted something other than a successful completion of my degree. The fact that I made it to this point is a testament to thekind, supportive, wise, and generous people who have picked me up and dusted me off after every pothole. Forgive me: these thank-yous are going to get very sappy. First and foremost, I would like to thank my Tsova-Tush host family—Rezo Orbetishvili, Nisa Baxtarishvili, and of course Tamar and Lasha—for letting me join your family every summer forthe past four years. Your time, your patience, your expertise, your hospitality, your sense of humor, your lovingly prepared meals and generously poured wine—these were the building blocks that supported all of my research whims. My sincerest gratitude also goes to Dantes Echishvili, Revaz Shankishvili, and to all my hosts and friends in Zemo Alvani. It is possible to translate ‘thank you’ as მადელ შუნ, but you have taught me that gratitude is better expressed with actions than with set phrases, sofor now I will just say, ღაზიშ ხილჰათ, ბედნიერ ხილჰათ, მარშმაკიშ ხილჰათ.. -
The Best of the Georgian Caucasus July 19 – 31, 2020 (13 Days)
The Best of the Georgian Caucasus July 19 – 31, 2020 (13 days) The Caucasus, one of the world’s extraordinary mountain domains, is the setting for our hiking trip that explores two distinctly different mountain regions of Georgia: dramatic Khevsureti and the even more remote mountain valleys of Tusheti, a hidden “Shangri-La” defended by ancient stone towers, reminders of the not-so-distant past. Still largely untouched, Tusheti is a magnet for those seeking a mosaic of fascinating cultures and superb scenery. For centuries, these areas have been home to venerable mountain clans whose traditions include extending a rich hospitality to visitors (in fact, their hospitality borders on the compulsive—be prepared to accept profuse offerings of food and wine!). Our trek takes us from one historical village to the next, with a chance to meet local people, hear their haunting melodies, listen to poetry, and sleep under the starry sky or stay with them in their traditional homes. Our trip ends in the lowlands of Khakheti province, famed as the birthplace of winemaking. TRIP DETAILS Moderate to Strenuous6 days moderate to strenuous hiking at medium elevation (maximum 11,254 feet); 3 nights hotels, 5 nights guesthouses, 4 nights camping ITINERARY (You will need to leave the U.S. on July 18, in order to arrive in Tbilisi on July 19.) Day 1, July 19 Tbilisi, Georgia Arrive early morning in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. You will be met outside of customs by a Cattara representative and transferred to your hotel, located in the old part of town. -
Georgia – the Caucasus
Georgia – The Caucasus TREK OVERVIEW Stretching from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains form a natural barrier between Georgia and Russia to the north. Our itinerary takes you deep into the remote provinces of Khevi, Khevsureti and Tusheti, some of the most unspoilt regions of the Caucasus range where tourism is still very much in its infancy. Four wheel drive tracks take us deep into the mountains and on foot, with pony support we penetrate even deeper, crossing several high passes, and visiting remote and ancient villages and fortifications as we go. While most nights are spent camping in some beautiful locations, on occasions we will be the guests of the local people - a rare opportunity to meet then and understand their way of life. Time is also set aside to explore the capital of Tbilisi and the old capital of Mtskheta, with its 6th century Jvari church and 11th century cathedral. Participation Statement Adventure Peaks recognises that climbing, hill walking and mountaineering are activities with a danger of personalinjury or death. Participants in these activities should be aware of and accept these risks and be responsible for their own actions and involvement. Adventure Travel – Accuracy of Itinerary Although it is our intention to operate this itinerary as printed, it may be necessary to make some changes as a result of flight schedules, climatic conditions, limitations of infrastructure or other operational factors. As a consequence, the order or location of overnight stops and the duration of the day may vary from those outlined. You should be aware that some events are beyond our control and we would ask for your patience. -
Tour to Kakheti and Tusheti Jeep and ATV Tours in Georgia
8 Day Jeep tour to Kakheti and Tusheti Jeep and ATV Tours in Georgia Overview 8 Day Jeep tour to Kakheti and Tusheti 8-day jeep tour to east Georgia includes two completely different historical provinces: Kakheti and Tusheti. The first one is a fertile agriculture land mainly producing wine and another-the most remote and inaccessible high Caucasus mountain medieval villages and off-road adventure in Tusheti National Park. Tour details Code: SDJT-8D Starts from: Tbilisi Max. Group Size: 15 Adults Duration: 8 Days Prices Group size Price per adult Solo € 1895 2-3 people € 1103 4-5 people € 989 6-7 people € 762 8-9 people € 743 10-15 people € 677 Online booking deposit*: € 60 *This deposit will be deducted from the total tour price. The above prices (except for solo) are based on two people sharing a twin/double room accommodation. Single Supplement is: 157 € 1 person from the group will be FREE of charge if 10 and more adults are traveling together Child Policy 0-1 years- Free 2-6 years- 339 € 7 years and over - Adult The balance can be done by: Bank transfer - in Euro/USD/GBP currency, no later than two weeks before the tour starts VISA/Mastercard - in GEL (local currency) in Tbilisi only, before the tour starts, directly to your guide via POS terminal. Additional card service fee +3% Cash – GEL only, directly to the nearest TBC Bank office or TBC Bank Cash terminal no later than the beginning of the tour. For a larger group or custom itinerary please contact us at travel [at ] georgianholidays.com Tips for booking procedure: How to know which “Operator” to select? You only need to select the Operator name if you have previously communicated with one of our sales agents via phone or email, otherwise please leave it at default. -
Georgia (Country)
Georgia (country) This article is about the country. For the U.S. state, brief Russo-Georgian War in August 2008. see Georgia (U.S. state). For other uses, see Georgia Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council (disambiguation). of Europe, and the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development. It contains two de facto in- Coordinates: 42°00′N 43°30′E / 42.000°N 43.500°E dependent regions, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which Georgia ( i/ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/; Georgian: საქართველო, tr. gained limited international recognition after the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. Georgia and a major part of the Sakartvelo, IPA: [sɑkʰɑrtʰvɛlɔ]) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads international community consider the regions to be part of Georgia’s sovereign territory under Russian military of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to [7] the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the occupation. south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Geor- gia covers a territory of 69,700 square kilometres (26,911 1 Etymology sq mi), and its 2016 population is about 3.72 million. Georgia is a unitary, semi-presidential republic, with the Main article: Name of Georgia (country) government elected through a representative democracy. “Georgia” probably stems from the Persian designation During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia. The king- doms of Colchis and Iberia adopted Christianity in the early 4th century. A unified Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. -
Stepantsminda Tusheti Kakheti
Stepantsminda Tusheti Kakheti We will drive from Tbilisi to Stepantsminda near the border to Russia, the drive will take three to four hours minimum because we will stop on the way in Ananuri, Passanauri and Gudauri, which are interesting places along the old Georgian Military Highway. Lunch we will have on our way. In Stepantsminda we will drop off your luggage in our guesthouse and explore the town, which was birthplace of Alexander Kasbegi, one georgian writer. The rest of the evening will be free, dinner is in our guesthouse. Distance is 105 kilometer. For early riser there is the chance to see the sunrise above the Kasbek peak, from our guesthouse. After breakfast we will drive to Darial gorge and go for a hike. Lunch will be in Stepantsminda before we drive up to Gergeti church near Stepantsminda. From there we can hike a bit further or back to Stepantsminda. Dinner will be in guesthouse in Stepantsminda again. Evening is free. Driving distance is about 80 kilometer. This day we will drive after breakfast to the village Juta, which is the starting point for hiking tours direction Roshka village, Juta is located near Chaukhi mountains in a very beautiful spot. From there we will drive via Tianeti to the village Kvemo Alvani, winterplace of the Tush people. If you are comfortable using an outdoor toilet for a day, we can stay with a local family which would give you the chance to learn how to make two of the main Georgian dishes, Khinkali and Khachapuri. If you prefer the comfort of indoor plumbing we can go to Telavi and stay the night there. -
Shatili Category: Trekking Grade: Difficult-Medium Duration: 9 Days Hiking Length: 74 Km Driving Distance: 652 Km Season: July-September
Trekking from Omalo to Shatili Category: Trekking Grade: Difficult-Medium Duration: 9 days Hiking Length: 74 km Driving distance: 652 km Season: July-September Short itinerary: Great 5-days trekking trail, connecting some of the nicest mountain areas of Georgia and crossing 3431 meters high Atsunta pass. Difficulty Level: Medium to Hard A long trek in the wild mountain area without a single settlement until reaching the final destination (village of Shatili). It also involves fording several small rivers and passing 3431m Atsunta pass – which can be quite demanding for inexperienced hikers. ITINERARY DAY 1: Tbilisi - Arrival Arrival in Tbilisi. Transfer from the airport to Tbilisi hotel. Overnight in Tbilisi hotel. Day 2: Tbilisi – Omalo Driving distance: 190 km, appx. 6 hours. Drive from Tbilisi to Tusheti region. Breathtaking and long off-road ride, crossing the main Caucasus – 2926 m Abano pass. Arrival at the village Omalo. Explore the area around upper and lower Omalo, with beautiful views of the Chagma valley. Visit the Keselo fortress and ethnographical museum of Tusheti. Overnight in Omalo at Guesthouse. Day 3: Omalo - Shenako - Diklo – Omalo Trekking time: 11 km, 5 hours; Elevation: ↑649 m / ↓400 m Start at 9:00 am. After breakfast in hotel we will start exploring the surrounding villages of Tusheti. The first village on our way is Shenako - one of the few still populated villages of Tusheti, overlooked by Mount Diklo, with Georgian traditional dwellings and a medieval Trinity church. Next comes the tiny village of Diklo and ruins of the old Diklo fortress. At the end of our trip we will be picked up and drive back to the Omalo guesthouse. -
Trekking Expedition to Georgia
TREKKING EXPEDITION TO GEORGIA: The most beautiful trekking in Georgia – from Omalo through Shatili to Stepancminda through the magical and mysterious mountains of the Caucasus + expedition to Mt. Kazbek (5054 m) The plan of our expeditions The most beautiful trekking route in Georgia, which leads through two of the wildest regions of the country: Tushetia and Khevsureti. During this trekking, we will drive off-road ve- hicles along the most dangerous way in Geor- gia and the highest passable pass of the coun- try, namely the Abano Pass (2850 m), and then we will cross the Atsunta Pass (3431 m) and the Chaukhi Pass (3338 m) on our feet. On the trekking route we will meet the inhabitants of the region,mysterious shepherds, and we will get to know local beliefs and traditions. There will be no time to rest from the breathtaking views. What is more, we will look at the myth- ical Kazbek and rest in the Truso Valley, which will delight us with its colors. For a dessert we will climb Mt. Kazbek (5054 m.) EXPEDITION PLAN In the morning (5:00 am – 6:00 am) we meet in Pass, which rises to a height of 2850 m!). Tbilisi (at the airport or in the city center). You By the way – shopping at the supermarket, need to get there on your own. Of course, we because Tbilisi is the last place where you can can help you in organizing a good air connec- find shops (there are no shops in Omalo). In tion and transfers from other parts of Geor- Omalo – accommodation in a guesthouse, gia. -
Chiglaurta Mirgvela Jvarboseli Alazanistavi Larovnitskali Girevi Dartlo Chiglaurta
Chiglaurta Mirgvela Jvarboseli Alazanistavi Larovnitskali Girevi Dartlo Chiglaurta We will pick you up in Tbilisi and drive to Kvemo Alvani, one of the Tush winter villages, through the 1620m high Gombori Pass. In Kvemo Alvani we will load the rest of the gear we will need for our off the beaten path tour. We are then on our way to Tusheti. Off road through the Stori Gorge, big forests and waterfalls with stops for photos on the way. The Abano Pass is 2950 metres high, the highest drivable mountain pass in the Caucasus. The drive from Tbilisi to Chighlaurta, the home village of my Tushetian partner, will be about 6 hours. Driving distance all together is 200 km, the altitude is around 2050 metres. In Chiglaurta, which is the starting point for most of our tours, we will stay in his house- don’t expect comfort, the village has no electricity! But the view from the balcony is worth it. You can see the mountain ranges, which separate Tusheti from Daghestan and Chechnya, with some 4 to 5 thousand metre peaks. After loading the packhorses we will hike from Chiglaurta to Omalo via Khakhabo. Traditional lunch in Upper Omalo. You will have the possibility to visit the medieval fortress of Keselo in Omalo. Traditionally Tush people abandoned their villages and used towers as temporary shelters during raids on their villages. Keselo was constructed during the Mongol invasion of Georgia in 1230. It originally had 13 towers. There were only ruins left until 2003 when restorations commenced. We continue our way to the crossroads for the Pirikiti and Gometsari valleys. -
How to Increase Tourism in Th Republic of Georgia?
COMMITTEES 8th Silk Road International Conference “Development of Tourism in Black and Caspian Seas Regions” May 24-26, 2013 Tbilisi-Batumi, GEORGIA Organizing Board Prof. Dr. Giuli ALASANIA International Black Sea University Prof. Dr. Ş. Ercan TUNÇ International Black Sea University Resul DİKMEN, PhD International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlyas ÇİLOĞLU International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Metin MERCAN International Black Sea University Salavat SAYFULLIN, MA International Black Sea University Prof. Dr. Otar ZUMBURIDZE Georgian Technical University Giorgi GHVEDASHVILI Tbilisi State University Scientific Board Prof. Dr. Giuli ALASANIA International Black Sea University Prof. Dr. Natela DOGHONADZE International Black Sea University Prof. Dr. Ketevan LAPACHI International Black Sea University Prof.Dr. Tatiana PAPIASHVILI International Black Sea University Prof. Dr. Tamara SHIOSHVILI International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlyas ÇİLOĞLU International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Giorgi BAGHATURIA International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kakhaber DJAKELI International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cabir ERGÜVEN International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlyas ÜSTÜNYER International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Faruk GÜRSOY International Black Sea University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Metin MERCAN International Black Sea University Prof. Dr. Otar ZUMBURIDZE Georgian Technical University Giorgi GHVEDASHVILI Tbilisi State University Technical and Support Board Caner DİNÇER -
Georgian Traditional Music Georgia (Sakartvelo in Georgian) Located On
Georgian Traditional Music Georgia (Sakartvelo in Georgian) located on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountain Range – a small country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Thanks to its peculiar geographical, historical and social-economic conditions here (particularly in mountain regions) oldest layers of the daily round and creative thinking survived for a long time. Music occupied significant place in Georgian culture; traditional music is still a powerful expression of national consciousness. Georgia is a classical country with the oral tradition of polyphony. The country surrounded by monophonic cultures (bordering with Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia and Turkey to the south) created, developed and maintained various forms of multi-part singing. In May, 2001 UNESCO proclaimed Georgian polyphonic singing a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible heritage of Humanity. However, this unique phenomenon has always been the topic of particular attention. Georgian music has roots in remote past. Noteworthy is the wind instrument made of swan (shin) bone from ancient burials of Samtavro in Mtskheta supposedly dating back to the 15th-13th centuries B.C (Figure 01). Round-danceSalamuri from Mtskheta activity is depicted on the Silver Bowl from Trialeti (II millennium B.C.) – one of the most significant archaeological monuments for the Georgians (Figure 02). Silver Bowl from Trialeti 1 Ancient Greek historian Xenophon (4th century B.C.) writes about warriors’ and round-dance songs of the Kartvelian tribes. Figure 1 The function, content and musical structure of many examples surviving to this day clearly date back to pre-Christian times. Noteworthy material on singing traditions and musical instruments is preserved in oral sources, Georgian translations of the “Genesis”, hagiographical and old Georgian written monuments.