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Foreign Files/1700 TABLES.Pdf A series of currency reforms took place between the late 1600s (Spain), between 1702-1717 (England) and 1709 Holy Roman Empire (Germany and Austria). We can use these contemporary sources to calculate coin values in terms of Spanish dollars at the British standard value of 4s/6d or 54d. This works out to $4.44 to a pound. Later, when the US began minting its own dollars, the British considered them equal to the Spanish. ENGLAND DOLLARS HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE DOLLARS SECONDARY SOURCE The ratios of pence to In 1978, John J. dollars and pence to McCusker published A Spanish Dollar In 1709 a currency reform convention was held kreutzers determines the values of a In 1702 [except as noted], Sir Isaac was officially worth in Nuremberg, and published in "Cambio the approx. value of number of coins, Newton calculated the value of gold 54d, its silver Mercatorio" by Georg Heinrich Paritio. kreutzers to dollars. based on Newton, coins at the "Goldsmith's value" of £4 content verified by Silver value, not Variations are due to bank exchange rates (960d) per troy oz. (31.1 grams) rather Newton as 53.88d. A Thaler coin was 1/9 Koln-Marck of silver, about Newton's actual silver value and other primary than the British "standard value" of exchange rate, at (See below.) At that 99¢ based on the average prices in London during vs the German standard sources. £3.19s.8!d 4£ sterling per oz rate 1d = 1.85¢ these years, given by McCusker. exchange rate. S. D. McCusker (given in Pence (d) to Dollars Official value at Kreutzer to Dollars hundredths of a GOLD MONIES — UNWORN. [Shillings [Pence] GOLD COINS 60 Kreutzer (kr) 1d = 1.85¢ Kreutzer to cents/pence pound) to Dollars = Gulden (fl.) =12 pence] £ 1 = $4.44 206.8d = $3.83 Eine Frantzösische Duplone 7. fl. 4. kr. 424 kr = $3.83 The Lewid'or 17 2.8 £ .86 = $3.82 1 kr = .9¢ /.49d 206.8d = $3.83 Eine Spanische Duplone 7. fl. 4. kr 424 kr = $3.83 The Spanish Pistole 17 2.8 £ .86 = $3.82 1 kr = .9¢ /.49d The Moeda of Portugal 27 5.1 329.1d = $6.09 £ 1.37 = $6.08 The old Italian Pistole 16 9.5 201.5d = $3.73 Eine Romanische . 6. fl. 55. kr 415 kr = $3.73 [Duplone] 1 kr = .9¢ /.485d The Sequin Chequin or Zacksen of 9 9.1 117.1d = $2.17 Venice The Hungary Ducat 9 6.7 114.7d = $2.12 Ein ordinari Reichs-Ducaten, 4. fl. — 240 kr = $2.12 wie obstehet 1 kr = .88¢ /.476d The Ducat of Holland coynes ad 9 6.3 114.3d = $2.11 £ .48 = $2.13 legem Imperii The Ducat of Campen in Holland 9 6.3 114.3d = $2.11 £ .48 = $2.13 The Ducat of the Bishop of 9 6.7 114.7d = $2.12 Ein ordinari Reichs-Ducaten, 4. fl. — 240 kr = $2.11 Bameberg wie obstehet 1 kr = .83¢ /.476d The Ducat of Danemark 9 6.3 114.3d = $2.11 £ .48 = $2.13 Guinea [trading in Holland & Germany in 20 7.5 248d = $4.59 Ein Englischer Jacobiner oder 9. fl. 30. kr 570 kr = $4.59 ($4.66) £ 1.03 = $4.57 1711] (officially $4.66) Caroliner 1 kr = .8¢ (.82¢) /.44d THE VALUE OF SEVERAL Silver value, not Official value at 60 Kreutzer (kr) Kreutzer to Dollars FOREIGN SILVER-COYNS — exchange rate, Pence (d) to Dollars SILVER COINS = Gulden (fl.) Kreutzer to cents/pence COYNS UNWORN. in Pence D. 1d = 1.85¢ 60 kr. = 1 fl. £ 1 = $4.44 The Ecu of France or Piece of 60 $1.00 Alle Frantzösische Thaler 1. fl. 57. kr 117 kr = $1.00 £ .23 = $1.02 sols. Turnois 54.13 1 kr = .85¢ /.46d The three-Guilder piece of Holland $1.16 Holländische Ducatons 2. fl. 20. kr. 140 kr = $1.16 or piece of 60 styvers 62.46 1 kr = .83¢ /.45d The Ducaton of Holland or piece of $1.21 Holländische Ducatons 2. fl. 20. kr. 140 kr = $1.21 £ .27 = $1.20 63 Styvers 65.59 1 kr = .86¢ /.47d The Patagon or Rix doller of $0.97 Holländisch Thaler 1. fl. 56. kr 116 kr = $0.97 £ .22 = 98 ¢ Holland or piece of 50 Styvers 52.28 1 kr = .84¢ /.45d The 10-schelling piece of Zeland, or $1.15 Holländische Ducatons 2. fl. 20. kr. 140 kr = $1.16 piece of 60 styvers 62.21 1 kr = .83¢ /.45d The Lyon Doller of Holland or of $0.81 £ .18 = 80¢ the Ducaton 43.7 The Ducaton of Flanders or pieces $1.22 Niederländische Ducatons 2. fl. 20. kr. 140 kr = $1.22 of 60 sols or Patars 66.15 1 kr = .87¢ The Patagon or cross Doller of $0.98 Flanders or piece of 48 Patars 52.91 The Ducaton of Cologn $1.21 Chur-Cöllnische Ducatons 2. fl. 20. kr 140 kr = $1.21 65.2 1 kr = .86¢ /.46d The Doller of Cologn $0.97 Chur-Cöllnisch Thaler 1. fl. 56. kr 116 kr = 97¢ 52.53 1 kr = .84¢ /.45d The Piastre of Spain or Sevil piece 99.6¢ £ .22 = 98 ¢ of 8 Reaus now raised to 10 53.88 The New Sevil piece of eight 80¢ Ein Spanische Matten 1. fl. 42. kr 102 kr = 80¢ [new plate, 20% less silver, alloy] 43.11 1 kr = .42d 1 kr = .78¢ /.42d The Crusado of Portugal of 400 63 ¢ £ .14 = 62 ¢ Res now raised to 480 34.31 An Escuti or Ecu of Rome or piece Romanische Silber-Cronen 2. fl. 15. kr 135 kr = $1.15 at of 10 Julios 1684 ... 1 kr = .85 ¢ The Croisat of Genoa or piece of $1.46 Genueser Cronen 2. fl. 46. kr 166 kr = $1.46 7! lires 78.74 1 kr = .88¢ /.47d A Crusat of St. Mark of Venice [140 soldi or 7 lire] Venetianische Silber-Cronen 2. fl. 20. k 140 kr = $1.21 at with the numb. 140 upon it ... 1 kr = .86¢ The double Gulden of the Elector $1.04 Alle …Chur- und Fürstliche, 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.04 of Hanover auch Gräfliche und Städtische 1 kr = .87¢ /.47d 56.29 Thaler The four Mark piece of Danemark 60 ¢ £ .14 = 62 ¢ of coarse allay 32.23 The four Mark piece of Danemark 60 ¢ £ .14 = 62 ¢ of finer allay 32.45 The Rixdoller of the last Emperor $1.00 Alle Kayserliche … Thaler 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.00 Ferdinand III 54.27 1 kr = .83¢ /.45d The Rixdoller of the present $1.00 Alle Kayserliche … Thaler 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.00 Emperor Leopold 54.27 1 kr = .83¢ /.45d The Rixdoller of Sigismund III. & $1.01 Polnische Thaler 1. fl. 56. kr 116 kr = $1.01 Vladislaus IIII. Kings of Poland 54.4 1 kr = .87¢ /.47d The Rixdoller of Ferdinand $0.99 Alle Kayserliche … Thaler 2. fl. 120 kr = $.99 Archduke of Austria 53.78 1 kr = .83¢ /.45d The old Banck Doller of $1.02 Alle …Chur- und Fürstliche, 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.02 Hamborough auch Gräfliche und Städtische 1 kr = .85¢ /.46d £ .23 = $1.02 54.92 Thaler The old Rixdoller of Dantzick $1.00 Polnische Thaler 1. fl. 56. kr 116 kr = $1.00 54.27 1 kr = .86¢ /.47d The old Rixdoller of Thorne neare 99.6¢ Polnische Thaler 1. fl. 56. kr 116 kr = $1.00 Dantzick 53.85 1 kr = .86¢ /.46d The old Rixdoller of Nuremburg $1.03 Alle …Chur- und Fürstliche, 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.03 auch Gräfliche und Städtische 1 kr = .86¢ /.46d 55.55 Thaler The old Rixdoller of Hanover $1.02 Alle … Gräfliche und 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.02 55.3 Städtische Thaler 1 kr = .85¢ /.46d The old Rixdoller of Lunenburg $1.01 Alle … Gräfliche und 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.01 54.65 Städtische Thaler 1 kr = .84¢ /.46d The old Rixdoller of the Elector of $1.02 Alle … Gräfliche und 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.02 Brandenburg 55.17 Städtische Thaler 1 kr = .85¢ /.46d The old Rixdoller of Lubec $1.03 Alle … Gräfliche und 2. fl. 120 kr = $1.03 55.52 Städtische Thaler 1 kr = .86¢ /.46d [Marck] Hamburgische, 30 kr 26 ¢ @ 1kr = .85¢ Franc oder Livre 30 kr 26 ¢ @ 1kr = .85¢ English Crown 60 $1.11 £ .25 = $1.11 Spanish piece of money of two Ryalls, 18.3¢ Ein [Spanische Matten] 22. kr 18.3¢ [assayed in 1711] 9.917 Kopffstück, gewichtig 1 kr = .83¢ /.45d [Spanish Real, new plate] Ein [Spanische Matten] halbes 11. kr 9¢ @ 1 kr = .83¢ Kopffstück Holland … Guilder or Floren [1701] 38.5¢ Gulden Holländische 36. kr 38.5¢ £ .09 = 40 ¢ 20.82 1 kr = .58d 1 kr = 1.07¢ [Shilling] 22.2¢ Ein Englisch gewichtiges 24. kr 22.2¢ £ .05 = 22.2 ¢ 12 1 kr = .5d Kopffstück 1 kr = .93¢ [six pence] 11¢ Ein [Englisches] halbes 12. kr. 11¢ 6 1 kr = .5d Kopffstück 1 kr = .93¢ NOTE: Newton referred to silver coins based on the Imperial (Reichs) species thalers as "Rixdollars". He called the Reichsthaler money of account which was standard, or common, throughout the empire the "common dollar"..
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