DOCSLIB.ORG

Domestic Abuse Forum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Folkestone & Hythe District Council Domestic Abuse Forum DOMESTIC ABUSE SUPPORT AND ADVICE Updated: 28TH October 2019 CONTENTSV 3. Who can be affected by domestic abuse? 4. Examples of abusive behaviour 6. Stalking and harassment 7. Signs to look out for 12. Effects on children 14. The cycle of abuse, Vulnerable Adults 16. Teenagers 17. Honour-based violence and forced marriage 18. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered 19. Practical things to keep you safe 20. Planning to leave 21. How to access local services 22. Housing support 24. What can the police do? 26. Civil orders to protect you 28. Terms used in domestic abuse 30. DA services 2 DOMESTIC ABUSE – SUPPORT AND ADVICE WHO CAN BE AFFECTED BY DOMESTIC ABUSE?V Anyone. Domestic abuse includes all kinds of behaviour that is meant to hurt or frighten you. Not all abuse leaves visible marks; it ranges from physical violence to cruel words and threats. It can happen to anyone, women and men; gay, lesbian and straight (heterosexual) people; and people of any age or background. Abuse of any type damages a person’s self-esteem, confidence and self- worth. Domestic abuse is never your fault Domestic abuse should always be taken seriously regardless of type or frequency of the abuse Everyone has the right not to experience violence or abuse. This booklet aims to support those subject to domestic abuse in recognising the abuse and support that is in place. It will also explain some of the terminology and legal responses to domestic abuse This booklet aims to give advice if you, or someone you know, is suffering domestic abuse. If you are in a dangerous situation and fear for your immediate safety you should contact the police on 999. In a non-emergency call 101. DOMESTIC ABUSE – SUPPORT AND ADVICE 3 REMEMBER Violent and abusive behaviour is the abuser’s CHOICE Despite what many people believe, domestic abuse is not due to the abuser’s loss of control. In fact, abusive behaviour is a deliberate choice made by the abuser in order to control you. EXAMPLES OF ABUSEV Domestic abuse is defined as any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are, or have been, intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality. The abuse can encompass but is not limited to: Psychological and emotional abuse Calling you names and putting you down; constantly moving the goal posts or changing rules and expectations; threatening to take your children away or threatening loved ones; calling you a bad parent; encouraging your children or others to be negative towards you; controlling whom you can talk to or the places you can go socially or for work and education; breaks or damages your property. 4 DOMESTIC ABUSE – SUPPORT AND ADVICE Physical abuse Punching; kicking; hitting; slapping; pulling hair; choking; breaking bones; burning (with cigarettes or irons etc.); keeping you awake and depriving you of sleep; using weapons or objects to hurt you. They may also physically abuse your children. Sexual abuse Forcing you to have sex or take part in sexual acts against your will; refusing to have sex with you; forcing you into prostitution or pornography; accusing you of cheating on them; criticisms of sexuality; sexual jokes or demeaning gender. Financial abuse Checking every penny you spend; controlling all finances; accusing you of not managing money properly; holding all the money, leaving you with no access to bank accounts and checking the mileage in the car. Controlling behaviour Making you dependent on them and isolated socially from friends and family; taking away anything that helps you to be independent, such as money or mobile phones; planning your day for you and preventing you from having opportunity to escape. Coercive behaviour Using physical violence, threats or humiliation to control, punish or frighten you into behaving in a certain way. Victims often describe coercive control as not being ‘allowed’ or having to ask permission to do everyday things. MYTH Domestic abuse is not a big problem It is a major issue. 1 in 4 women and 1 in 6 men will experience domestic abuse at some stage in their life. It is estimated that two thirds of incidents are unreported. You are not alone and support is available. DOMESTIC ABUSE – SUPPORT AND ADVICE 5 One in four women will experience domestic violence at some point in her life. STALKING AND HARASSMENTV ‘Stalking is repeated acts which are unwanted, intrusive and can be reasonably expected to cause distress, alarm or fear.’ Stalking is against the law in the UK. It is hard to give an exact definition of stalking because stalkers will often use multiple and differing methods to harass their victims. Stalking can consist of any type of behaviour such as regularly sending flowers or gifts, making unwanted or malicious communication, damaging property and physical or sexual assault. If the behaviour is persistent and clearly unwanted, causing you fear, harassment or anxiety then it is stalking and you should not have to live with it. It may be difficult to explain why repeated actions, some of which in isolation seem trivial, can be so upsetting and unnerving but, the truth is that they are and that is enough. Kent police will take positive action if you report that you are being stalked. The One Stop Shops can advise and support you. Stalking Helpline 0808 802 0300 www.stalkinghelpline.org www.protectionagainststalking.org for a risk assessment checklist 6 DOMESTIC ABUSE – SUPPORT AND ADVICE SIGNS TO LOOK FOR INV RECOGNISING ABUSEV Have they tried to keep you from seeing your friends or family? Have they prevented you from continuing or starting a college course, or from going to work? Do they constantly check up on you or follow you? Do they accuse you unjustly of flirting or of having affairs? Do they constantly belittle or humiliate you, or regularly criticise or insult you in front of other people? Are you ever scared of this person? Have you ever changed your behaviour because you’re afraid of what this person might do or say to you? Have they ever deliberately destroyed any of your possessions? Have they ever hurt or threatened you or your children? Have they ever kept you short of money so you’re unable to buy food and other necessary items for yourself and your children? Have they ever forced you to do something that you really didn’t want to do, including sexually? Domestic violence has more repeat victims than any other crime (on average there will have been 35 assaults before a victim calls the police). DOMESTIC ABUSE – SUPPORT AND ADVICE 7 The following is a list of personality traits that may indicate a potential abuser. It is not the purpose of the listing to imply that every person with some of these characteristics is an abuser or potential abuser. Jealousy: At the start of the relationship, an abuser will equate jealousy with love. They will question you about whom you talk to, accuse you of flirting or become jealous of time spent with others. Controlling behaviour: In the beginning an abuser will attribute their controlling behaviour to concern for you (for example, your safety or decision making skills). The situation will become worse as this behaviour progresses. They may assume all control, control your finances and even prevent you from doing as you please. Quick involvement: Often people in your situation have known or dated their abuser for less than six months before getting married, engaged or living together and this is due to pressure from their partners to commit to the relationship. Unrealistic expectations: An abuser expects their partner to meet all of their needs and to take care of everything emotionally and domestically. Isolation: An abuser will attempt to isolate their partner by severing their ties to outside support and resources. The abuser may accuse your friends or family of being ‘trouble makers’. They may limit your access to the outside world by not allowing you to use the car, not letting you go to work and limiting your time on a computer or phone. 8 DOMESTIC ABUSE – SUPPORT AND ADVICE Blames others for problems: Abusers will always blame others for their shortcomings. Someone is always out to get them or is stopping them from achieving. You will be blamed for almost everything that goes wrong. Hypersensitivity: An abusive person will use feelings to manipulate you. Common phrases you may hear are, “You’re hurting me by not doing as I want” or “If you truly loved me…” Cruelty to animals or children: This is a person who punishes animals or children and is insensitive to their pain. They may expect a child to behave in a way that is older than they are (for example, whipping a two year old for wetting a nappy or teasing children or siblings until they cry). Sexual abuse: ‘Playful’ use of force in sex: This behaviour includes restraining you against your will or initiating sex when you are asleep or demanding sex. Abusers may show little concern for your opinion and will use sulking and anger to manipulate compliance. Verbal abuse: This behaviour involves saying things that are intended to be cruel and hurtful, cursing or degrading you, or minimising/criticising your achievements. Rigid gender roles: Views your role as to simply serve. For instance, a male abuser will see women as inferior to men, responsible for menial tasks, stupid and unable to be a whole person without a relationship. Dual personality: They have explosive behaviour and moodiness that can shift quickly.
Recommended publications
  • Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention

    Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention

    Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention Compiled by: Amanda B. Nickerson, Ph.D. | Director Heather Cosgrove | Graduate Assistant Rebecca E. Ligman, M.S.Ed. | Program and Operations Manager June 2012 The Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention will reduce bullying abuse in schools and in the community by contributing knowledge and providing evidence-based tools to effectively change the language, attitudes, and behaviors of educators, parents, students, and society. Amanda B. Nickerson, Ph.D. | Director Rebecca E. Ligman, M.S.Ed. | Program and Operations Manager Heather Cosgrove | Graduate Assistant Michelle Serwacki | Graduate Assistant Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention Graduate School of Education University at Buffalo, The State University of New York 428 Baldy Hall Buffalo, NY 14260-1000 P: (716) 645-1532 F: (716) 645-6616 [email protected] gse.buffalo.edu/alberticenter We extend our sincere gratitude to the many groups and individuals who gave their time, energy, and valuable input during this needs assessment process. We thank the National Federation for Just Communities of Western New York, Western New York Educational Services Council, and the Western New York School Psychologist Association for allowing us to obtain feedback from their conference participants. Laura Anderson, Ph.D., Janice DeLucia- Waack, Ph.D., Jennifer Livingston, Ph.D., Amy Reynolds, Ph.D., and Michelle Serwacki, B.A., were helpful in facilitating the focus groups at the WNYESC conference. Several directors and associate directors of similar centers also generously gave of their time to be interviewed, including: Kristin Christodulu, Ph.D.; Michael Furlong, Ph.D.; Lynn Gelzheiser, Ed.D.; Linda Kanan, Ph.D.; Betsey Schühle, M.S.; Susan Swearer, Ph.D.; and Frank Vellutino, Ph.D.
  • Pdfopposition to SB 78 A00994 2021-06-21.Pdf

    Pdfopposition to SB 78 A00994 2021-06-21.Pdf

    MEMORANDUM Date: June 21, 2021 To: Members, Pennsylvania General Assembly From: Frank P. Cervone, Executive Director, Support Center for Child Advocates Kathleen Creamer, Managing Attorney, Family Advocacy Unit Community Legal Services Terry Fromson, Managing Attorney, Women’s Law Project Elizabeth Randol, Legislative Director, ACLU of Pennsylvania RE: Senate Bill 78 (PN 65) – Kayden’s Law FRIENDS – We have only today learned that Senate Bill 78 may be moving in the PA Senate this week, and so we wanted to respond to recent points made by the bill’s sponsors. We continue to urge that the legislation will work to the detriment of the well-being of children involved in custody disputes. I expect there will be other voices joining in opposition, but because there is some urgency to legislative deliberations we are providing this memorandum now. Primarily, we again urge restraint and caution. Meaningful custody law reform that helps and does not hurt is best done in a deliberative process that balances competing needs and considerations. Interposing the discretion of legislators into complex child custody proceedings, and ignoring the insights and experiences of family court practitioners and judges, remains as problematic today as it did when this initiative was started by a tragic event and a passionate campaign. The course of this drafting process has been frustrating and disappointing. We have made repeated outreach to the lead sponsors throughout this legislative term, without response. None of the interested advocacy organizations even saw Amendment A00994 until after noon today! While we previously met extensively more than one year ago, there was no movement on the substantial problems we have raised, and instead persistent intransigence on key problems.
  • Masculinity of Men Communicating Abuse Victimization

    Masculinity of Men Communicating Abuse Victimization

    Male Victimization 1 Running Head: MALE VICTIMIZATION Masculinity of Men Communicating Abuse Victimization Jessica J. Eckstein1, Ph.D. May 5th, 2010 Assistant Professor, Communication Department Western Connecticut State University 1 This paper is “in press” in the journal of Culture, Society, and Masculinities. The manuscript is based on an earlier version of the paper, “Constructing Gendered Victimization: Examining the Narratives of Men Experiencing Violence from Female Partners,” presented at the 2007 annual conference of National Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Male Victimization 2 Abstract This study explored, through in-depth interviews, the experiences of men sexually, psychologically, and/or physically victimized by female romantic partners. Men‟s narratives were analyzed to determine how masculinity and construction of victim-identities were related. Results show that abused men construed victimization as precipitated internally through self- blame and externally via societal-blame. Gendered masculinity was demonstrated for most men in the form of hegemonic-striving via complicit rationalizations; however, a minority of men constructed victimization in terms of protest masculinity. KEY WORDS: Masculinity, Hegemony, Intimate partner violence, Men, Victimization Male Victimization 3 Masculinity of Men Communicating Abuse Victimization Each year, 3.2 million men in the United States are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). Male IPV victimization, while not as common as female victimization, is a serious problem with its own set of identity issues for male victims. Unfortunately, men‟s victimization from female partners receives comparatively limited scholarly attention (George, 2003). The goal of this study was to explore, through in-depth interviews, male IPV victims‟ communication of gender identities.
  • Emotional & Verbal Abuse

    Emotional & Verbal Abuse

    24-Hour Crisis & Support Hotline If you are the victim 315-468-3260 of abuse TTY Crisis Line talk to someone who 315-484-7263 (business hours) Emotional & understands and can help Outside Syracuse you explore options & Onondaga County Verbal Abuse New York State YOU DO NOT DESERVE CALL THE Domestic & Sexual Violence Hotline TO BE ABUSED VERA HOUSE 1-800-942-6906 24-HOUR CRISIS & www.opdv.state.ny.us SUPPORT HOTLINE TTY Hotline 315-468-3260 1-800-818-0656 TTY CRISIS LINE (business hours) 315-484-7263 This project is supported by Grant No. 2006-FW-AX-K015 awarded by the Office on Violence Against Women, U.S. Department of Justice. The Vera House, Inc. opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views Administrative & Outreach Offices of the Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women. funded by: Onondaga County 24-Hour Crisis State of New York 723 James Street Private Donations Syracuse, NY 13203 & Support Line Original content by Esther E. Gray in phone: 315-425-0818 collaboration with the Syracuse Area Domestic fax: 315-425-8942 (315) 468-3260 & Sexual Violence Coalition www.verahouse.org You are not alone You are being emotionally or verbally abused if your partner or YOU DO NOT DESERVE care provider... TO BE ABUSED • puts you down in public or private • causes you to feel confused, “crazy”, unsure, or afraid If you believe you are in when you are around them a verbally or emotionally • keeps you from using a phone, TTY, car, money, or other abusive relationship, shared possessions please contact someone • withholds approval, appreciation, or affection as punishment or ignores you • withholds or changes medication Domestic violence occurs in all • uses your diagnosis, if you have one, as an excuse to hurt kinds of relationships, without you regard for race, gender, class, • ignores or makes fun of your feelings sexual orientation, ethnicity, age, religion or ability.
  • The Types of Abuse – Dan Hitz Dan Is the Director of Reconciliation Ministries and Is a Survivor of Sexual and Spiritual Abuse

    The Types of Abuse – Dan Hitz Dan Is the Director of Reconciliation Ministries and Is a Survivor of Sexual and Spiritual Abuse

    The Types of Abuse – Dan Hitz Dan is the director of Reconciliation Ministries and is a survivor of sexual and spiritual abuse. He is an ordained minister and a licensed professional counselor in the State of Michigan. This article is part of a series on recovery from abuse. Abuse takes many forms and can affect people from any cultural and economic background. Its effects can go deep, carving painful ruts into the survivor’s heart that can challenge his social and professional interactions for the rest of his life. The first step in fixing a problem is understanding that there is a problem. This article will help identify the five main types of abuse. Future articles will explore the effects of abuse, the profile of an abuser, and the steps to recovery from abuse. Abuse occurs when a person in a perceive position of power exerts that power over another for their own gain, at the expense of the person of lesser power. We commonly think of this between an adult and a child, such as a parent abusing his child or a teacher abusing her student. Abuse can also occur between an adult who has a perceived position of power over another adult, such as a supervisor abusing an employee. Abuse can also happen when a child exerts his perceived power over another child, to the detriment of the other child, who may be younger or physically weaker than the dominant child. Abuse happens when an aggressive child forces a compliant child to do something harmful that he does not want to do.
  • The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression

    The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression

    University of Kentucky UKnowledge CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles Center for Research on Violence Against Women 4-2010 Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The mpI act of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression Carol E. Jordan University of Kentucky, [email protected] Rebecca Campbell Michigan State University Diane R. Follingstad University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/crvaw_facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, Family Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Law and Psychology Commons, and the Social Work Commons Repository Citation Jordan, Carol E.; Campbell, Rebecca; and Follingstad, Diane R., "Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The mpI act of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression" (2010). CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles. 7. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/crvaw_facpub/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Research on Violence Against Women at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression Notes/Citation Information Published in Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, v. 6, p. 607-628. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-090209-151437 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/crvaw_facpub/7 ANRV407-CP06-01 ARI 10 November 2009 12:13 V I E E W R S I E N C N A D V A Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression Carol E.
  • Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect

    Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect

    STATE STATUTES Current Through March 2019 WHAT’S INSIDE Defining child abuse or Definitions of Child neglect in State law Abuse and Neglect Standards for reporting Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal Persons responsible for the child and State laws. At the State level, child abuse and neglect may be defined in both civil and criminal Exceptions statutes. This publication presents civil definitions that determine the grounds for intervention by Summaries of State laws State child protective agencies.1 At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment To find statute information for a Act (CAPTA) has defined child abuse and neglect particular State, as "any recent act or failure to act on the part go to of a parent or caregiver that results in death, https://www.childwelfare. serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, gov/topics/systemwide/ or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that laws-policies/state/. presents an imminent risk of serious harm."2 1 States also may define child abuse and neglect in criminal statutes. These definitions provide the grounds for the arrest and prosecution of the offenders. 2 CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), 42 U.S.C. § 5101, Note (§ 3). Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS 800.394.3366 | Email: [email protected] | https://www.childwelfare.gov Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov CAPTA defines sexual abuse as follows: and neglect in statute.5 States recognize the different types of abuse in their definitions, including physical abuse, The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse.
  • Read Our Educational Booklet

    Read Our Educational Booklet

    COMPASS CHANGE THE JOIN THE HAVE THE CONVERSATION CONVERSATION CONVERSATION Spreading facts to change Leadership stepping Empowering victims of sexual the stereotypes about rape up to put an end to violence to heal through open and sexual violence sexual violence discussion Sojourner House is the domestic violence shelter in Mahoning County, shelters over 100 families each year that are survivors of domestic violence providing a safe, violent-free environment to heal and chart a new course. Services are free of charge. WHAT IS SEXUAL VIOLENCE? Sexual violence is whenever sexuality is used as a weapon to gain power or control over someone. UNWANTED CHILD SEXUAL TRAFFICKING HARASSMENT CONTACT ABUSE DOMESTIC INCEST STALKING RAPE VIOLENCE WHAT IS SEXUAL ASSAULT? Sexual Assault is any forced or coerced sexual activity such as unwanted contact, committed against a person’s will or without consent. Rape is a sexual assault that includes but is not limited to forced vaginal, anal, and oral penetration. Rape and sexual assault are crimes of violence with sex used as a weapon that can be committed by strangers, teens, friends, relatives, men, women, dates, partners, lovers, and spouses. WHAT IS CONSENT? WHAT IS COERCION? Consent is a verbal, physical and emotional Coercion is used in an attempt to pressure a agreement that is clear, mutual and ongoing. person to do something they might not want to do. • Consent can only exist when there is equal • Flattery, guilt trips, intimidation or threats are used power and no pressure between partners. to manipulate a person’s choices. • Consent for some things does not mean • Even if someone gives in to coercion, it is NOT consent for all things.
  • Living Under Siege: Women's Narratives of Psychological Violence Within Coercively Controlling Intimate Partner Relationships

    Living Under Siege: Women's Narratives of Psychological Violence Within Coercively Controlling Intimate Partner Relationships

    Living Under Siege: Women’s Narratives of Psychological Violence within Coercively Controlling Intimate Partner Relationships A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand Carmel M. Hancock 2017 i Abstract Good relationships feel good. They feel right. They don't hurt. (Michelle Obama, 2016). As a global epidemic, the violence of women enacted through gendered social power relations of inequality, exploit, harm, and silence women. Specifically, intimate partner violence (IPV) constitutes a systematic pattern of coercive control, embedded within psychological, physical, and/or sexual violence, that intimidates and hurts women through fear and terror. Although previous literature has identified the debilitating effects of psychological violence, within our socio-political landscape physical violence continues to occupy a more visible and privileged position, minimising other forms of violence. The aim of this research, therefore, was to explore and make visible heterosexual women’s experiences of psychological violence within previous intimate relationships, framed through coercive control, to enable a greater understanding of how women become subjected to men’s coercion and control within intimate relationships. The aim was also to explore how psychological violence positions women within the gendered social hierarchy. A narrative- discursive approach analysed the stories of six women subjected to psychological violence and attended to the discursive resources the women used to narrate their experiences. The analysis identified how the women’s experiences of heteronormative coupledom developed into relationships of coercion and control, emphasising their inequitable and subordinate positions within femininity. Becoming entrapped within a destructive pattern of coercion, the women’s everyday lives were micro-regulated through their partners’ tactics of intimidation, isolation, and control and through their own operations of imperceptible disciplinary power.
  • The Sociology of Gaslighting

    The Sociology of Gaslighting

    ASRXXX10.1177/0003122419874843American Sociological ReviewSweet 874843research-article2019 American Sociological Review 2019, Vol. 84(5) 851 –875 The Sociology of Gaslighting © American Sociological Association 2019 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419874843DOI: 10.1177/0003122419874843 journals.sagepub.com/home/asr Paige L. Sweeta Abstract Gaslighting—a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel “crazy,” creating a “surreal” interpersonal environment—has captured public attention. Despite the popularity of the term, sociologists have ignored gaslighting, leaving it to be theorized by psychologists. However, this article argues that gaslighting is primarily a sociological rather than a psychological phenomenon. Gaslighting should be understood as rooted in social inequalities, including gender, and executed in power-laden intimate relationships. The theory developed here argues that gaslighting is consequential when perpetrators mobilize gender- based stereotypes and structural and institutional inequalities against victims to manipulate their realities. Using domestic violence as a strategic case study to identify the mechanisms via which gaslighting operates, I reveal how abusers mobilize gendered stereotypes; structural vulnerabilities related to race, nationality, and sexuality; and institutional inequalities against victims to erode their realities. These tactics are gendered in that they rely on the association of femininity with irrationality. Gaslighting offers an opportunity for sociologists to theorize under-recognized,
  • On Not Blaming and Victim Blaming

    On Not Blaming and Victim Blaming

    teorema Vol. XXXIX/3, 2020, pp. 95-128 ISSN: 0210-1602 [BIBLID 0210-1602 (2020) 39:3; pp. 95-128] On Not Blaming and Victim Blaming Joel Chow Ken Q and Robert H. Wallace RESUMEN En este artículo se muestra que ser culpable por acusar a una víctima es estructu- ralmente similar a ser culpable por no acusar. Ambos fenómenos se ajustan a los perfiles tradicionales de la responsabilidad moral: la condición de conocimiento y la condición de control. Pero lo interesante es que en ellos conocimiento y control son condiciones in- terdependientes. Al tener una relación con otra persona se dispone de distintos grados de conocimiento sobre ella. A su vez, este conocimiento proporciona distintos grados de in- fluencia mutua a los sujetos de la relación. Ejemplos en los que alguien es especialmente culpable por no acusar a un amigo, a un colega cercano o a un cónyuge así lo atestiguan. La interdependencia de estas dos condiciones en las relaciones interpersonales aclara (parcialmente) por qué es moralmente malo acusar a una víctima. Se argumenta que los que acusan a las víctimas padecen una forma de miopía moral al fijarse únicamente en lo que la víctima podría hacer, por el hecho de tener algún tipo de relación con el causante del abuso, para evitar este. De manera particular, se atiende a los casos en los que la mio- pía moral se alimenta de relatos y esquemas de género jerárquicos y misóginos. PALABRAS CLAVE: responsabilidad moral, ética de la acusación, acusación a las víctimas, normas, misoginia. ABSTRACT In this paper we show that being blameworthy for not blaming and being blame- worthy for victim blaming are structurally similar.
  • Introduction to Mobbing in the Workplace and an Overview of Adult Bullying

    Introduction to Mobbing in the Workplace and an Overview of Adult Bullying

    1: Introduction to Mobbing in the Workplace and an Overview of Adult Bullying Workplace Bullying Clinical and Organizational Perspectives In the early 1980s, German industrial psychologist Heinz Leymann began work in Sweden, conducting studies of workers who had experienced violence on the job. Leymann’s research originally consisted of longitudinal studies of subway drivers who had accidentally run over people with their trains and of banking employees who had been robbed on the job. In the course of his research, Leymann discovered a surprising syndrome in a group that had the most severe symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD), workers whose colleagues had ganged up on them in the workplace (Gravois, 2006). Investigating this further, Leymann studied workers in one of the major Swedish iron and steel plants. From this early work, Leymann used the term “mobbing” to refer to emotional abuse at work by one or more others. Earlier theorists such as Austrian ethnologist Konrad Lorenz and Swedish physician Peter-Paul Heinemann used the term before Leymann, but Leymann received the most recognition for it. Lorenz used “mobbing” to describe animal group behavior, such as attacks by a group of smaller animals on a single larger animal (Lorenz, 1991, in Zapf & Leymann, 1996). Heinemann borrowed this term and used it to describe the destructive behavior of children, often in a group, against a single child. This text uses the terms “mobbing” and “bullying” interchangeably; however, mobbing more often refers to bullying by more than one person and can be more subtle. Bullying more often focuses on the actions of a single person.