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Los Artrópodos De La Reserva Natural Río Ñambí

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Los Artrópodos De La Reserva Natural Río Ñambí Los Artrópodos de La Reserva Natural Río Ñambí Eduardo Flórez D. Catalina Romero-Ortiz Diana Sofia López Editores Serie de Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia No. 15 Los Artrópodos de La Reserva Natural Río Ñambí Los Artrópodos de La Reserva Natural Río Ñambí Eduardo Flórez D. Catalina Romero-Ortiz Diana Sofía López Editores 2015 Catalogación en la publicación – Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia Los artropodos de La Reserva Natural Rio Ñambí © Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Naturales © Eduardo Flórez D., Catalina Romero-Ortiz y Diana Sofia Lopez, editores Diseño y diagramación: Liliana P. Aguilar-G. ISBN : xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-x Primera edición Enero 2015 Cítese como: Flórez-D., E. Romero-O., C. & López, D.S. (eds.) Los artrópodos de La Reserva Natural Río Ñambí. Serie de Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales No. xx. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, 320p. Todos los derechos reservados. Se autoriza la reproducción y distribución de este docu- mento para fines educativos u otros fines no comerciales sin previa autorización del titular de los derechos de autor, siempre que se cite claramente la fuente. Se prohíbe la reproduc- ción de este documento para fines comerciales. Impreso y hecho en Bogotá, Colombia. Tabla de Contenido Presentación ______________________________________ 9 Agradecimientos _________________________________ 11 Introducción ____________________________________ 13 La Reserva Natural Rio Ñambí y sus artrópodos ________ 15 Clase Arachnida ___________________________________ 21 Orden Aranae ____________________________________________ 24 Orden Scorpiones _________________________________________ 77 Orden Pseudoscorpiones (Chelonethi) ________________________ 87 Orden Opiliones _________________________________________ 107 Clase Insecta ____________________________________ 125 Orden Odonata __________________________________________ 127 Orden Orthoptera ________________________________________ 138 Orden Phasmatodea ______________________________________ 146 Orden Dermaptera _______________________________________ 152 Orden Hemiptera ________________________________________ 156 Orden Hymenoptera ______________________________________ 168 Orden Coleoptera ________________________________________ 182 Orden Diptera ___________________________________________ 204 Orden Lepidoptera _______________________________________ 212 Myriapoda _____________________________________ 259 Clase Diplopoda _________________________________ 262 Orden Polyxenida ________________________________________ 264 Orden Glomeridesmida ___________________________________ 266 Orden Siphonophorida ____________________________________ 268 Orden Stemmiulida ______________________________________ 270 Orden Spirobolida _______________________________________ 272 Orden Polydesmida ______________________________________ 276 Clase Chilopoda _________________________________ 289 Orden Scolopendromorpha ________________________________ 292 Orden Scutigeromorpha ___________________________________ 296 Orden Geophilomorpha ___________________________________ 298 Glosario ______________________________________ 307 Presentación Con gran satisfacción me permito presentar a todos aquellos interesa- dos y estudiosos de la Biodiversidad de Colombia una importante con- tribución al conocimiento de la fauna de Artrópodos terrestres. Se trata de un estudio regional, producto de dos importantes expediciones a la Reserva Natural del río Nambí y cumplido por docentes, investigadores y estudiantes asociados al Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Univer- sidad Nacional de Colombia en los años 2009 y 2010. La guía de campo resultante, con un trabajo de edición excelente dirigi- do por el profesor Eduardo Flórez y las biólogas Catalina Romero y So- fía López da a conocer 38 órdenes y 222 familias incluídas en las clases Arachnida, Insecta, Diplopoda y Chilopoda. De la composición y rique- za estudiada por los once autores de la guía (casi 700 morfoespecies) se concluye una fauna muy particular, moldeada histórica y biogeográfica- mente por la confluencia de elementos andinos, chocoanos y amazónicos A consideración de los autores, la probabilidad de encontrar una alto endemismo es indudable. Será con toda seguridad una obra que tipifica la riqueza de una región natural, con la consecuente consideración sobre la 9 necesidad de un modelo de uso y conservación especial por parte de las autoridades ambientales y regionales del departamento de Nariño. La presente guía de campo, presenta una diagramación vistosa, con fo- tografías de alta calidad, una información biológica básica y entendible para los iniciados al conocimiento de los distintos grupos taxonómicos presentados. El glosario incluido al final de la obra, resulta un comple- mento indispensable para el aprendizaje de la terminología en cada uno de los grupos. Con esta publicación, enmarcada en el seriado Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, se ratifica uno de los objetivos institucionales como es el de proyectar el conocimiento generado en el Instituto a todos los protagonistas de la sociedad colombiana: ciudada- nos del campo, estudiantes, profesores, investigadores, ambientalistas, líderes comunitarios y autoridades, entre otros. Que esta guía permita a todos sus afortunados lectores descubrir la magia y los secretos de la enigmática biodiversidad colombiana. Germán Amat García Director Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Los Artropodos de La Reserva Natural Rio Ñambí Agradecimientos Los Autores deseamos expresar nuestros agradecimientos a las en- tidades y personas que facilitaron tanto el trabajo en campo, como el apoyo logístico y financiero, que hicieron factible la publicación de esta guía divulgativa, las cuales se reseñan a continuación: A la Fundación Ecológica “Los Colibríes” de Altaquer (Fundación Felca), quiénes además de encargarse de proteger y administrar los bos- ques de la Reserva del Río Ñambí, nos acogieron y brindaron las facili- dades requeridas para adelantar las labores de campo de las diferentes expediciones efectuadas por el grupo de Profesores y Estudiantes del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales y del Departamento de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. A la Facultad de Ciencias, al Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, dirigido por el profesor German Amat-García, y a la Gobernación del Departamento de Nariño por el respaldo económico para la publicación de la Guía. 11 A la comunidad del corregimiento de Altaquer, del Municipio de Bar- bacoas, Nariño, quienes de una u otra manera se vincularon a las activi- dades de las expediciones efectuadas, y estuvieron siempre pendientes de prestarnos su colaboración A los estudiantes del Departamento de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, que participaron en las salidas de campo de la asignatura Taxonomía Animal, llevadas a cabo en los años 2009 y 2010, en la Reserva Natural Rio Ñambí, quienes colaboraron en el proceso de observación, recolección, preservación e identificación del material que forma parte de ésta guía. Algunas de las determinaciones taxonómicas a nivel de género y es- pecie que aparecen en la Guía, fueron logradas gracias a la colaboración de los siguientes especialistas: Adriano B. Kury, Ana Lucia Tourinho, Osvaldo Villarreal, German Amat, Carlos Perafán, David Luna, William Galvis, Dr. Andrew Warren y Dr. Eduardo Carneiro. Los Artropodos de La Reserva Natural Rio Ñambí A Juan Carlos Arias Biol. M. Sc. quien elaboró el mapa de ubicación de la reserva. Al conjunto de biólogos que tomaron las fotografías seleccionadas para acompañar los textos de la presente Guía. A Liliana Aguilar, quien realizó la diagramación y diseño de la Guía. A Juliana Rodríguez quien acompañó todo el proceso administrativo para la publicación de la Guía 12 Los Artropodos de La Reserva Natural Rio Ñambí Introducción El Reino Animal se encuentra conformado por alrededor de 35 gran- des grupos o Filum, siendo uno de ellos Arthropoda, con alrededor de 1,5 millones de especies descritas, lo cual equivale aproximadamente al 85% de todas las especies existentes en el planeta. Los artrópodos se caracterizan por presentar apéndices articulados, como patas, antenas y alas, y entre ellos se encuentran organismos tan comunes como los insectos, las arañas, los milpiés y los cangrejos. Ellos ocupan todos los nichos posibles en los ecosistemas terrestres, y exhiben todos los tipos hábitos alimenticios existentes. No obstante a su gran diversidad, abundancia e importancia ecológica, su conocimiento es aún escaso particularmente en las regiones tropicales en donde paradójicamente su diversidad alcanza los máximos valores. Es por esta razón que los aportes tendientes a divulgar, entre las comuni- dades locales, las especies más representativas de los artrópodos de los diferentes ecosistemas de países megadiversos como Colombia, entran a cumplir un papel fundamental en pro de su conocimiento y conservación. 13 La presente guía está centrada en dar a conocer las especies más co- munes de artrópodos presentes en la Reserva Natural Río Ñambí, la cual alberga una gran riqueza de fauna y flora, debido a que en su entorno co-existe un complejo mosaico de elementos procedentes de la biota de la región Pacífica, y otros representativos de los bosques húmedos de la región Andina. Además de constituirse en un ecotono, la Reserva Na- tural Río Ñambí, al encontrarse
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