Journal of the Department of Agriculture, , Series 4

Volume 4 Number 6 June, 1963 Article 14

1-1-1963

Diseases recorded on native , weeds, field and fibre crops in Western Australia

G C. MacNish

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Recommended Citation MacNish, G C. (1963) "Diseases recorded on native plants, weeds, field and fibre crops in Western Australia," Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4: Vol. 4 : No. 6 , Article 14. Available at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4/vol4/iss6/14

This article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4 by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Diseases Recorded on Native Plants, Weeds, Field and Fibre Crops in Western Australia

Compiled from Departmental Records by G. C. MACNISH, Plant Pathologist

THIS list constitutes a revision of part of the census published by Came (1925) and supplemented by the same author in 1927. It also contains records of diseases identified in the period between these earlier publica­ tions and June 30, 1961. Parts of the disease record referring to vege­ tables, cereals, grasses and pasture legumes have already been published (Chambers, 1959, 1960, 1961). This list is divided into three sections, the first dealing with native plants, the second with weeds (except grasses) and third with field and fibre crops. The sections are arranged alphabetically according to the botanical names of the host plant. The viral, bacterial, fungal and nema- todal diseases and physiological disorders are listed in that order. The locality and date of the first recording in each instance is given where possible. A list of common names of host plants has been appended to facilitate reference.

FIRST RECORD HOST CAUSE COMMON NAME PLACE MONTH YEAR

NATIVE PLANTS Acacia acuminata Benth. Uromyrladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust Wongan Hills .... Sept. 1924 McAlp. Acacia bivcnoea DC. Uromvcladium trpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Bust .... 1 Mosman Bay June 1926 McAlp. Acacia cyanophylla I.hull. (Black Shizophyllum sp Metropolitan 1955 Wattle) Uromyrladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust Ginjrin 1924 McAlp. Acacia cyclopt A. Cunn. ex G. I»«• 11 Uromvcladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust ... ! Swan River 1924 McAlp. Acacia eriorlada Benth I'rmnvrladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust 1906 McAlp. Acacia cxtenm Lindl 'Uromvcladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust .... 1911 McAlp. Acacia glauroptera Benth. Uromyrladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust 1906 McAlp. Acacia liguctrina Meissn. Uromyrladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust ... Wongan Hills .... 1924 McAlp. Acacia mtrrallii Mnell. var., tam- Uromvcladium tcpperianum (Sacc.) Gall Rust .... ; Merredin Dec. 1927 minenns E. Pritzel McAlp. Acacia stowardii Maiden Uromyrladium tcpperianum (Saco.) Gall Rust .... ! Mandlga Sept. 1925 McAlp.

* Species confirmed March, 1962. 401

Journal of Agriculture Vol 4 No 6, 1963 FIRST RECORD HOST CAUSE COMMON SAME PLACE MONTH YEAR

NATIVE PLANTS—continued Acacia sp Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Quel Root Rot Collie Aug. 1924 Alyogyne hakeaefolia (Giord.) Alef. iMeloidogyne sp 1 Root Knot Eel- : Perth April 1929 (Red-centred Hibiscus) worm Anigosanthos manglesii D. Don i Mystrosporium adust um Mass. i Ink Disease .... | Forrestfield Oct. m (Mangles' Kangaroo Paw) Puccinia sp. i Rust j South Perth June Arundo sp ...... ! Coniosporturn inquinans Dur. et Mont .... j .... 1895 juncea Bartl Sphaeropsis boroniae P. Henn j .... j Perth 1959 Boronia megastigma Nees XMeloidgyne javanica (Treub.) Chit- Root Know Eel- Metropolitan 1928 wood worm Boronia spinescens Benth. Puccinia boroniae P. Henn. .... j Rust ...... Avon Oct. 1903 Bossiaea linophylla R. Br. Aeddium eburnium McAIp. .... Rust • King George's July 1901 Sound Burchardia umbellata R. Br. (Milk- Puccinia burchardiae Sacc. Rust .... j Perth 1915 maids) Clematis pubescens Hueg. Oidium sp Powdery Mildew , Perth 1943 Conostylis aurea Lindl. (Golden Puccinia haemodori P. Henn Rust | Perth 1909 Cottonhead) Dampiera alata Lindl Puccinia dampierae Syd Rust Perth 1906 Dampiera leptoclada Benth. Puccinia dampierae Syd Rust Albany 1909 Dampiera spicigera Benth. Puccinia dampierae Syd Rust j Murchison River 1909 Dioscorea hastifolia Endl. (Spear Pathogen Unidentified Rust (Aecidial Bickley Valley .... June 1956 Leaved Dioscorea) Stage) Eucalyptus calophylla R. Br. (Marri) Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Quel Root Rot Bibra Lake 1923 Sporotrichum destructor Pitt. Stem Canker .... Pickering Brook 1939-40 Xylostroma gigantea Tode.... Wood Rot Manjimup May 1926 F. Muell. Xylostroma gigantea Tode Wood Rot Big Brook 1919-20 (Karri) Eucalyptus ficifolia F. Muell. (Red- Oidium sp Powdery Mildew Forrest Clifford April 1925 flowered Gum) iSporotrichum destructor n. sp. Pitt- Stem Canker .... Perth Oct. 1927 man Eucalyptus gomphoccphala DC. .„. Xylostroma gigantea Tode Wood Rot Subiaco Aug. 1925 Sm. (Jarrah) Xylostroma gigantea Tode Wood Rot | Babakin March 1925 Eucalyptus redunca Schau. var. Xylostroma gigantea Tode Wood Rot Wagin Nov. 1924 data (Wandoo) 1 Eucalyptus sp. Poljrporus sp. SchizophyUum commune Fr. Ridge Hill Aug. Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. Lizonia ozylobii P. Henn. Perth June 1901 (Prickly Poison) Greciltea sp. Phyllachora grevilleae Sacc. 1895 Haemodorum simulant F. Muell. ^Puccinia haemodori P. Henn Rust Eradu Sept. 1959 (Red Ink Plant) Hakea eUiptica (Sm.) R. Br. ? Asterina baileyi B. et Br. Leaf Spot Albany Nov. 1927 Hakea glabella R. Br %Uredo angiosperma Thuem. Rost 1919-20 Hakea oleifolia (Sm.) R. Br ? Asterina baileyi B. et Br. Leaf Spot Mt. Barker Eelichrysum cordatum DC. (Tangle Puccinia kalchbrenneri De Toni Rust City Beach 1940-41 Daisy) Hovea trisperma Benth. | Cercospora sp. Leaf Spot Applecross June 1928 Jackson ia macrocalyx Meissn | Pestalozzia jacksoniae P. Henn Perth 1901 Jacksonia sternbergiana Hueg Cronartium jacksoniae P. Henn Rust Perth 1910

t Recorded as Heterodera radirola (Greef.) Mull. { Identified 1959, previously recorded as Heterodera radicicola (Greef.) Mull. § Pathogen named 1936. II Recorded on Haemodorum sp. inI1901. f Recorded on Hakea sp. in October, 1877. 402

Journal of Agriculture Vol 4 No 6, 1963 FIRST RECORD HOST CAtSE COMMON NAME PLACE MONTH YEAR

NATIVE PLANTS—continued

Juncus pall kirn R. Br. (Cultivation Tolysporium juncophylum'McAlp Smut Mt. Barker Oct. 1909 Rush)

Juneus sp. Puceinia juncophila Cooke et Mass. Rust Boyup Brook .... 1942

Kennedya pro-rata R. Br. (Scarlet Cause Unknown Mosaic Gingin 1956 Runner)

Lagenspora huegelii Benth. Oidium sp Powdery Mildew Nediands Julv 19.31 Unidentified Rust (Aecidial Nedlands July 1931 Stage)

Lesclienaultia triloba Lindl. Puceinia gilgiana P. Henn. Rust Nediands 1942

Leschenaultia linarioides DC Puceinia gilgiana P. Henn. Rust Near Perth 1900

Leucopogon hispidus E. Pritzel .... Lizonia singularis P. Henn. Mingenew 1903 Linum marginale A. C'unn. (Wild Melampsora Uni (Ehrenb.) Lev Rust Wagin 1920 Flax)

Miteklenbeckia adpressa (Labill.) Peronospora sp. Downy Mildew .... Clackline Aug. 1960 Meissn. (Native Sarsaparilla)

Myoporum serratum R. Br Aecidium ? myoporri G. H. Cunn. Rust Waroona Nov. 1960 yicotiana ? ingulba J. M. Black .... Septoria sp Leaf Spot Northam 1942

Sicotiana suaceolens Lehm. (Native Peronospora sp Downy Mildew or Doodlakine 1931-32 Tobacco) Blue Mould

Oxylobium capilatum Benth. (Bacon Pathogen Unidentified Rust (Aecidial Perth Nov. 1915 and Eggs) Stage)

Oxylobium tintare Benth. Lizonia oeylobii P. Henn j Perth 1901 Patersonia occidentalis R. Br. Mystrosporium adustum Mass Ink Disease South Perth Oct. 1954 (Native Iris)

Pelargonium australe Willd Puceinia morrisoni McAlp. Rust Cowcowing 1909

Persoonia eUiptica R. Br. Hendersonia persooniae P. Henn Perth 1901

Peperomia sph Eurotium laterUium Mont 1896 Scaevola paludosa R. Br. Puceinia dampierae Syd Rust Perth 1928

Scaevola sp. Uromyces ? puceinoidet Berk, et Rust Moora Oct. 1959 F.v.M.

Schoenus cruentus (Nees) Benth. Sorosporium solidum (Berk.) McAlp. Smut Albany 1955 (Sedge)

Scirpus littoralii Schrad. (Club Credo seirpi-nodosi McAlp. Rust Ellendale Jan. 1960 Rush)

Synaphaea polymorpha R. Br. Dimerosporium synapheae P. Henn. Perth ... 1901 (Showy Synaphaea)

Templetonia return (Vent.) R. Br. ? Vromyces sp. Rust Swan bourne 1926 (Cockles* Tongues) Cause Unknown Stem Fasciation Rottnest Island April 1926

Threlkeldia drupata Diels. Puceinia diclsaina P. Henn Rust Near Perth 1900

Tremandra sttlligera R. Br Puceinia pritzeliana P. Henn Rust Near Perth Oct. 1900 Trichinium alopecuroideum Limit. Cause Unknown Fasciation (Mulla mulia)

Xt/tomtlum orridentale R. Br. Asterina sp. .... Leaf Spot Karridale 1940-41 (Native Pear) Physalospora xylomeli P. Henn Perth 1901

WEEDS

Atter snbulatus Mlchx. (Bushy Star- Oidium sp Powdery Mildew Perth April 1958 wort)

Brassica napus L. (Rape) Xanthomonas campestris (Pam.) Dow. Black Rot Yarloop July 1929

Brassica tournefortii Gouan (Wild Xanthomonas campestris (Pam.) Dow. Black Rot Moora Aug. 1953 Turnip) Macrosporium sp Leaf and Stem 1934-35 Blight

Capxrlla bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. A Ibugo Candida (Pers. ex Cnev.) White Rust South Perth Sept. 1924 (Shepherd's Purse) Kuntze

403

Journal of Agriculture Vol 4 No 6, 1963 FIRST KECOSD HOST CAUSE COMMON NAME PLACE MONTH YEAE

WEEDS—continued

Carduug tenuiflorus Curtis (Sheep : Pathogen unidentified Bust j South Borden .... May 1960 Thistle)

Cryptostemma calendula (L.) Druee Gloeosporium sp Anthracnose Gingin July 1927 (Capeweed) **Meloidogyne sp. Boot Knot Eel- 1916 wonn

Erodium bolrys (C'av.) Bertol. Pathogen Unidentified Bust (Aecidial ' Merredin Sept. 1929 (Crowsfoot) Stage)

Euphorbia peplus L. (Petty Spurge) Melampsora euphorbiae f. sp. pepli. j Rust | South Perth 1954

Euphorbia terracina L. (False Caper) **3Ieloidogyne sp ' Boot Knot Eel- Perth j Sept. 1927 worm

Galinsoga parviftora Cav. (Gallant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de By. Sclerotiniose Spearwood June 195S Soldier)

Hypocheoris glabra L. (Smooth Puceinia hypochoeridis Oud. Bust Nedlands Nov. 1927 Catsear)

Hypochoeris radicata L. (Flat Weed) Puccinia hypochoeridis Oud. Rust Carnamah Dec. 1927 Cause Unknown Fascia tion Oct. 1928 Malva parviftora L. (Mallow) Puccinia malvaeearum Mont Rust Bickley Aug. 1923

Picris hieracioides L. (Hawkweed) Puccinia sp Bust Perth 1915 Polygonum aviculare L. (Wireweed) Uromyces polygoni (Pers.) Fckl Bust Northampton .... Nov. 1955

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Cause Unknown Stem Blackening 1959 (Braken Fern)

Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Wild Albugo Candida (Pers. ex Chev.) White Rust Kalamunda Aug. 1929 Badlsh) Kuntze

Rubus fruticosus L. sens. lat. Kuehneola sp. Bust Manjimup 1949 (Blackberry)

Rumez acctoscUa L. (Sorrel) Fusarium sp. Boot Bot Bridgetown Aug. 1960 Rumez conglomerate Murr. Ovularia sp. Leaf Spot Wanneroo Oct. 1959 (Clnstered Dock) Heterodera schactii A. Schmidt .... Sugar Beet Eel- Oct. 1959 worm

Seneeio vulgaris L. (Common Puccinia tasmanica Diet Bust Kelmscott Sept. 1927 Groundsel)

Silent galliea L. (French Catchfly) Septoria sp Narrogin Aug. 1925

Sisymbrium officinale L. (Hedge Albugo Candida (Pers. ex Chev.) White Bust Corrigin Aug. 1930 Mustard) Kuntze

Sistpnbrium orientate L. (Wild Albugo cnadida (Pers. ex Chev.) White Rust Merredin Sept. 1926 Mustard) Kuntze Macrosporium sp Leaf and Stem 1934 Blight

Solanum nigrum L. sens. 1st. (Black AUernaria sp. Leaf Spot 1955 Nightshade) ^Meloidogync jaeanka (Treub.) Chit- Root Knot Eel- Bobb's Jetty .Z 1919 wood worm

Sonchus oleraceus L. (Common Meloidogyne jacanica (Treub.) Chit- Boot Knot Eel- Mt. Pleasant .... April 195S So wt his tie) wood wonn

Spergula arvemit L. (Corn Spurry) Peronospora sp. Downy Mildew Maddington Aug. 1924

Tripteris clandtilina Less. (Stink­ ? Aecidium osteospermi Doidge .... Bust Tammin .... Aug. 1926 ing Soger)

FIELD AND FIBRE CEOPS

AraehU hypogaea L. (Peanut) Aspergillus sn. Crown Rot Wiluna I Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de By. Sclerotiniose Pingellv June Carthamus linctorius L. (Safflower) Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ash- Stem Rot Cam ball in Aug. 1959 by Pathogen or Cause unidentified .... Damping Off .... Kununurra July 1960

Corchoru* capsularis L. (Jute) .... Sclerotium bataticola Taub. Basal Stem Rot.... Kununurra 1952 Glycine max Merrill (Soya Bean) ... Non Pathogenic Frost Injury .... j j 1956

•* Becorded as Heterodera radieicola (Greef.) Mull, tt Identified 1955. Previously recorded as Heterodera radieicola (Greef.) Mull. 404

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Journal of Agriculture Vol 4 No 6, 1963 FIEST RECORD CAUSE COMMON" NAME PLACE MONTH i YEAR

FIELD AND FIBRE CROPS— continued

Gossypium hirsutum L. (Cotton) .... Xanthomonas malvacearum (E. F. Angular Leaf Spot Kununurra 1959 Smith) Dow. Colletotrichum gossypii Southworth Anthracnose 1923 Non Pathogenic Hormone Damage Wokalup Feb. 1960 Humulus lupulus L. (Hops) Virus | Split Leaf 1961 Linum usitaUssimum L. (Flax and Colletotrichum linieola Pethybr. ;t Seedling Blight.... Boyup Brook .... 1942 Linseed) Laff Fusarium sp. Foot Rot Donnybrook 1944 Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lev. . Rust East Pingelly ... 1931-32 Phoma sp. Stem Hot Dardanup 1941 Poh/spora lini Laff. Browning Boyup Brook .... 1943 Sphaerella linorum Wr Pasmo Beverley 1945 Cause Unknown Fasciation Northam 1942 Non Pathogenic (Ca. deficiency) . Withertop Boyup Brook .... 1944 Non Pathogenic (Zn. deficiency) . Dieback Boyup Brook .... 1944 Parthenium argentatum A. Gray Pathogen unidentified Bacterial Stem Rot Herdsmans Lake Aug. 1960 (Guayule Rubber)

Ricinus communis L. (Castor Bean) Cladosporium sp Black Mould on Kununurra May 1960 Pods Nicotinana tabacum L. (Tobacco) Tobacco Mosaic Virus Mosaic Perth 1931-32 Tobacco Ring Spot Virus .... Ring Spot . . Manjimup Feb. 1953 Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus .... Spotted Wilt .... Perth 1931-32 Tobacco Yellow Dwarf Virus Yellow Dwarf ... Manjimup 1956 Xanthomonas solanacearum (E. F. Bacterial Wilt ... 1955 Smith) Dow AUemaria sp. Leaf Spot Manjimup Jan. 1955 Fusarium sp. Fusarium Wilt ... Manjimup 1937-38 Peronospora tabacina Adam Downy Mildew or Manjimup Aug. 1930 Blue Mould Rhizoetonia sp. Rhizoetonia Rot Manjimup Dec. 1956 XXMeloidogyne sp Root Knot Eel- Claremont Feb. 1924 worm Non Pathogenic Collapse due to Manjimup 1955 Summer Water Logging Cause Unknown Frenching Manjimup 1955 Cause Unknown Leaf Variegation ? Manjimup 1955 Cause Unknown White Leaf Spot Manjimup Feb. 1924

XX Recorded as Heterodera radicicola (Greef.) Mull.

APPENDIX JACKSONIA Jacksonia spp. KANGAROO PAW, Anigosanthos manglesii D. Don Common Names and Botanical Equivalents MANGLES' LAGENOPHORA .... Lagenophora huegelii Benth. NATIVE PLANTS LESCHENAULTIA Leschenaultia spp. BACON AND Oxylobium capitatum Benth. LEUCOPOGON Leucopogon hispidus E. Pritzel EGGS MILKMAIDS Burchardia umbellata R. Br. BOSSIAEA Bossiaea linophylla R. Br. MULL A MULL A .... Trichinium alopecuroideum BORONIA Boronia spp. Lindl. MYOPORUM CLEMATIS Clematis pubescens Hueg. Myoporum serratum R. Br. NATIVE IRIS COCKIES' Templetonia retusa (Vent.) Patersonla occidentalis R. Br. TONGUES R. Br. NATIVE PEAR .... Xylomelum occidentalis R. Br. DAMPIERA Dampiera spp. NATIVE Muehlenbeckia adpressa (Labill.) EUCALYPTUS— SARSAPARILLA Meissn. Eucalyptus marginata Sm. Jarrah NATIVE Nicotiana suaveolens Lehm. Eucalyptus diversicolor P. Muell. TOBACCO Karri Pelargonium australe Wind. Eucalyptus calophylla R. Br. PELARGONIUM Marri Persoonia elliptica R. Br. Redflowered Eucalyptus ficifolia F. Muell. PERSOONIA Gum PEPEROMIA Peperomia sp. Tuart ... Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC. PRICKLY Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. Wandoo Eucalyptus redunca Schaw. var. POISON elata Benth. RED-CENTRED Alyogyne hakeaefolia (Giord) GOLDEN Conostylis aurea Llndl. HIBISCUS Alef. COTTONHEAD RED INK PLANT Haemodorum simulans P. Muell. OREVILLEA Grevillea sp. RUSH— HAKEA Hakea spp. Club Scirpus littoralis Schrad. HOVEA Hovea trisperma Benth. Cultivation J uncus pallidus R. Br. 407

Journal of Agriculture Vol 4 No 6, 1963 SCAEVOLA Scaevola paludosa R. Br. ACKNOWLEDGMENT SCARLET Kennedya prostrata R. Br. RUNNER Grateful acknowledgment is made to Mr. SEDGE Schoenus cruentus (Nees) Benth. H. L. Harvey, Senior Plant Pathologist for SHOWY Synaphaea polymorpha R. Br. much of the early work on this census and SYNAPHAEA Dioscorea hastifolia Endl. for his encouragement. Thanks go to Mr. SPEAR LEAVED Royce, Officer-in-Charge of the Botany DIOSCOREA Helichrysum occidentale R. Br. TANGLE DAISY Threlkeldia drupata Diels. Branch for providing the names of native THRELKELDIA Acacia spp. plants mentioned in the census. WATTLE Linum marginale A. Cunn. WILD FLAX

WEEDS REFERENCES BLACKBERRY Rubus fruticosus L. sens. lat. Carne, W. M. (1925).—J. Roy. Soc, W.A BLACK NIGHT­ Solanum nigrum L. sens. lat. XI, 7; 43-68. SHADE BRACKEN FERN Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Carne, W. M. (1927).—Ibid XIV, 3; 23-28. BUSHY Aster subulatus Mlchx. Chambers, S. C. (1959).—J. Agric of W.A. STARWORT CAPEWEED Cryptostemma calendula (L.) VII (3rd series) 4; 427-432. Druce COMMON Senecio vulaaris L. Chambers, S. C. (I960).—Ibid I (4th series), GROUNDSEL 10; 927-934. COMMON Sonchus oleraceus L. SOWTHISTLE Chambers, S. C. (1961).—Ibid II (4th CORN SPURRY .... Spergula arvensis L. series), 10; 841-842. CROWSFOOT Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. DOCK, Rumex conglomeratus Murr. CLUSTERED Euphorbia terracina L. FALSE CAPER .... Hypochoeris radicata L. FLAT WEED Silene gallica L. FRENCH CATCHFLY Galinsoga parviflora Cav. GALLANT SOLDIER Picris hieracioides L. HAWKWEED Malva parviflora L. MALLOW MUSTARD— Sisymbrium officinale L. Hedge Sisymbrium orientale L. Wild Euphorbia peplus L. PETTY SPURGE Brassica napus L. RAPE Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) SHEPHERD'S Medic. PURSE Hypochoeris glabra L. SMOOTH CATSEAR Rumex acetosella L. SORREL Tripteris clandestina Less. STINKING ROGER Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis THISTLE— Sonchus oleraceus L. Sheep Thistle Sowthistle, Raphanus raphanistrum L. Common Brassica tournefortii Gouan WILD RADISH Polygonum aviculare L. DAY OLD CHICKS WILD TURNIP .... WIREWEED Australorp, White Leghorn, R.I. Red, New FIELD AND FIBRE CROPS Hampshire, First X, Kriss Kross. CASTOR BEAN Ricinus communis L. Pullets, unsexed and cockerels. COTTON Gossypium hirsutum L. Linium usitatissimum L. 1961/62 Random Sample Test proved these figures. FLAX Rearabllity 100%. Egge laid per bird h/h basis GUAYULE Parthenium argentatum A. Gray 201.1 in 50 weeks. Profit per bird above feed costs RUBBER £1 15s. lid. All chicks hatched are from our own HOPS Humulus lupulus L. trapnested and progeny tested stock. Corchorus capsularis L. JUTE STARTED PULLETS LINSEED .... Linium usitatissimum. L. PEANUT Arachis hypogaea L. EPSOM AVENUE, REDCLIFFE. Ph. 6 5543. SAFFLOWER Carthamus tinctorius L. Price List on request. SOYA BEAN Glycine max Merrill. TOBACCO .... Nicotiana tabacum L. 408

Journal of Agriculture Vol 4 No 6, 1963