Advanced RC Phase Delay Capacitive Sensor Interface Circuits for MEMS
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Modelling and Characterization of DCO Using Pass Transistors
2833 E.Kanniga et al./ Elixir Power Elec. Engg. 35 (2011) 2833-2835 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Power Electronics Engineering Elixir Power Elec. Engg. 35 (2011) 2833-2835 Modelling and characterization of DCO using Pass Transistors E.Kanniga 1 and M.Sundararajan 2 1Department of ECE, Bharath University, Chennai-73 2Gojan School of Business & Technology, Chennai-52. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: In the field of simulation work, it could proceed to an extent that, simulate with arbitrary Received: 6 April 2011; values of the passive component and the voltage sources. The simulation results recorded Received in revised form: various strategic points in the circuit indicate and validate the fact that the circuit is working 19 May 2011; in the expected lines with regard to the energy transfer in the expected lines with regard to Accepted: 26 May 2011; the energy transfer in the tank circuit and sustenance in DC transient Analysis. Also in this proposed experimental work, it is observed that for an arbitrary load, the voltage obtained is Keywords agreeing with the theoretically computed DC-Voltage levels. The scope of the work can be Digital controlled oscillator, extended to the actual calculation of the passives, the initial voltages across the capacitors Steady state transient response, and inductors. In addition to the exciting DC levels of the sources employed. The small Simulation LTSPICE, signal analysis can also be done with due regard to the desired behavioural properties of Varactors. switching devices used. © 2011 Elixir All rights reserved. ntroduction In the digital world there is an increased requirement for Fig1 shows that NMOS transistors configured as a Varactor Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO). -
Proximity Capacitive Sensor Technology for Touch Sensing Applications
Proximity Sensing White Paper Proximity Capacitive Sensor Technology for Touch Sensing Applications By Bryce Osoinach, Systems and Applications Engineer Contents Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................3 Proximity Capacitive Sensor Overview ...............................................................................................................4 Capacitance Sensors in Touch Sensing Applications ........................................................................................5 Additional Applications for Proximity Capacitive Sensors ..................................................................................8 Multiple Electrodes and Shield Drive Technology ...............................................................................................9 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................11 Proximity Capacitive Sensor Technology 2 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Introduction In 1831 Michael Faraday discovered electro-magnetic induction. Essentially, he found that moving a conductor through a magnetic field creates voltage that is directly proportional to the speed of the movement—the faster the conductor moves, the higher the voltage. Today, inductive proximity sensors use Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction to detect the nearness of conductive materials without actually -
Capacitive Sensing for Robot Safety Applications
Capacitive Sensing for Robot Safety Applications (CONFIDENTIAL, For Marshall Plan Foundation only) Thomas Schlegl Scholarship at Stanford University January to April 2013 c 2013 IEEE and Thomas Schlegl. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE and the author Thomas Schlegl must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Parts of this work have already been published in [Sch+10;SZ 11; SBZ11; Sch+11; SNZ12; Sch+12; SMZ12; Sch+13;SZ 13; Sch+ed;SZ 14; SMZ13]. These sections are marked with a footnote or references. This document is set in Palatino, compiled with pdfLATEX2e and Biber. The LATEX template from Karl Voit is based on KOMA script and can be found online: https://github.com/novoid/LaTeX-KOMA-template Abstract “Capacitive sensing is a mature measurement principle with wide application ranging from chemical sensing, over acceleration, pressure, force and precision position measurement to human machine interfaces found in billions of modern consumer electronic products. In this paper we present several approaches how capacitive sensing can be used for safety applications - an emerging field of usage of capacitive sensors. Capacitive sensing offers unique features that can help to overcome problems of other safety systems such as vision based principles. However, due to the uncertain environment and parasitic effects no general capacitance measurement system exists, which can be readily used for safety applications. -
Commissioning of the Mice Rf System* A
5th International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-132-8 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPME020 COMMISSIONING OF THE MICE RF SYSTEM* A. Moss, A. Wheelhouse, T. Stanley, C. White, STFC, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, UK K. Ronald, C.G. Whyte, A.J. Dick, D.C. Speirs, SUPA, Dept.of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK S. Alsari, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK on behalf of the MICE Collaboration Abstract feature adjustable sections to change the response of the cavity to both input line and resistive load. On the output The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) is of the amplifier, the cavity length and hence its resonant being constructed at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in frequency can be adjusted, whilst a stub tuner is located in the UK. The muon beam will be cooled using multiple the output coax section to alter the coupling factor into hydrogen absorbers then reaccelerated using an RF cavity the output coax so that the amplifier may be used to drive system operating at 201MHz. This paper describes recent a range of different load conditions. For use in the MICE progress in commissioning the amplifier systems at their system the 4616 operates in long pulse mode using grid design operation conditions, installation and operation as pulsed operation and can provide up to 250kW RF output part of the MICE project. power. INTRODUCTION 4616 Power Supply The muon ionisation cooling experiment is a The power supply for the tetrode amplifier consists of a demonstration of practical cooling for future muon TDK-Lambda 500A capacitor charger power supply acceleration schemes. -
PCF8883 Capacitive Touch/Proximity Switch with Auto-Calibration, Large Voltage Operating Range, and Very Low Power Consumption Rev
PCF8883 Capacitive touch/proximity switch with auto-calibration, large voltage operating range, and very low power consumption Rev. 4.1 — 14 September 2016 Product data sheet 1. General description The integrated circuit PCF8883 is a capacitive touch and proximity switch that uses a patented (EDISEN) digital method to detect a change in capacitance on a remote sensing plate. Changes in the static capacitance (as opposed to dynamic capacitance changes) are automatically compensated using continuous auto-calibration. Remote sensing plates (e.g. conductive foil) can be connected directly to the IC1 or remotely using a coaxial cable. 2. Features and benefits Dynamic proximity switch Digital processing method Adjustable sensitivity, can be made very high Adjustable response time Wide input capacitance range (10 pF to 60 pF) Automatic calibration A large distance (several meters) between the sensing plate and the IC is possible Open-drain output (P-type MOSFET, external load between pin and ground) Designed for battery powered applications (IDD = 3 A, typical) Output configurable as push-button, toggle, or pulse Wide voltage operating range (VDD = 3 V to 9 V) Large temperature operating range (Tamb = 40 C to +85 C) Internal voltage regulator Available in SOIC8 and wafer level chip-size package 3. Applications Proximity detection Proximity sensing in Mobile phones Portable entertainment units Switch for medical applications Switch for use in explosive environments Vandal proof switches Transportation: Switches in or under upholstery, leather, handles, mats, and glass 1. The definition of the abbreviations and acronyms used in this data sheet can be found in Section 21. NXP Semiconductors PCF8883 Capacitive touch/proximity switch with auto-calibration Buildings: switch in or under carpets, glass, or tiles Sanitary applications: use of standard metal sanitary parts (e.g. -
Proximity Capacitive Sensor Technology for Touch Sensing Applications
Proximity Sensing White Paper Proximity Capacitive Sensor Technology for Touch Sensing Applications By Bryce Osoinach, Systems and Applications Engineer Contents Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................3 Proximity Capacitive Sensor Overview ...............................................................................................................4 Capacitance Sensors in Touch Sensing Applications ........................................................................................5 Additional Applications for Proximity Capacitive Sensors ..................................................................................8 Multiple Electrodes and Shield Drive Technology ...............................................................................................9 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................11 Proximity Capacitive Sensor Technology 2 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Introduction In 1831 Michael Faraday discovered electro-magnetic induction. Essentially, he found that moving a conductor through a magnetic field creates voltage that is directly proportional to the speed of the movement—the faster the conductor moves, the higher the voltage. Today, inductive proximity sensors use Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction to detect the nearness of conductive materials without actually -
Eimac Care and Feeding of Tubes Part 3
SECTION 3 ELECTRICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3.1 CLASS OF OPERATION Most power grid tubes used in AF or RF amplifiers can be operated over a wide range of grid bias voltage (or in the case of grounded grid configuration, cathode bias voltage) as determined by specific performance requirements such as gain, linearity and efficiency. Changes in the bias voltage will vary the conduction angle (that being the portion of the 360° cycle of varying anode voltage during which anode current flows.) A useful system has been developed that identifies several common conditions of bias voltage (and resulting anode current conduction angle). The classifications thus assigned allow one to easily differentiate between the various operating conditions. Class A is generally considered to define a conduction angle of 360°, class B is a conduction angle of 180°, with class C less than 180° conduction angle. Class AB defines operation in the range between 180° and 360° of conduction. This class is further defined by using subscripts 1 and 2. Class AB1 has no grid current flow and class AB2 has some grid current flow during the anode conduction angle. Example Class AB2 operation - denotes an anode current conduction angle of 180° to 360° degrees and that grid current is flowing. The class of operation has nothing to do with whether a tube is grid- driven or cathode-driven. The magnitude of the grid bias voltage establishes the class of operation; the amount of drive voltage applied to the tube determines the actual conduction angle. The anode current conduction angle will determine to a great extent the overall anode efficiency. -
Distinguishing Users with Capacitive Touch Communication
Distinguishing Users with Capacitive Touch Communication Tam Vu, Akash Baid, Simon Gao, Marco Gruteser, Richard Howard, Janne Lindqvist, Predrag Spasojevic, Jeffrey Walling WINLAB, Rutgers University {tamvu, baid, gruteser, reh, janne, spasojev} @winlab.rutgers.edu {simongao, jeffrey.s.walling}@rutgers.edu ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION As we are surrounded by an ever-larger variety of post-PC de- Mobile devices now provide us ubiquitous access to a vast array vices, the traditional methods for identifying and authenticating of media content and digital services. They can access our emails users have become cumbersome and time-consuming. In this pa- and personal photos, open our cars [41] or our garage doors [13], per, we present a capacitive communication method through which pay bills and transfer funds between our bank accounts, order mer- a device can recognize who is interacting with it. This method ex- chandise, as well as control our homes [10]. Arguably, they now ploits the capacitive touchscreens, which are now used in laptops, provide the de-facto single-sign on access to all our content and phones, and tablets, as a signal receiver. The signal that identifies services, which has proven so elusive on the web. the user can be generated by a small transmitter embedded into a As we increasingly rely on a variety of such devices, we tend to ring, watch, or other artifact carried on the human body. We ex- quickly switch between them and temporarily share them with oth- plore two example system designs with a low-power continuous ers [26]. We may let our children play games on our smartphones transmitter that communicates through the skin and a signet ring or share a tablet with colleagues or family members. -
RF-CMOS-MEMS Based Frequency-Reconfigurable Amplifiers
IEEE 2009 Custom Intergrated Circuits Conference (CICC) RF-CMOS-MEMS based Frequency-Reconfigurable Amplifiers Tamal Mukherjee and Gary K. Fedder Carnegie Mellon University Abstract-Chips from a foundry RF process are post-processed to The resulting MEMS structures are composed of the CMOS release MEMS passive devices and enable single-chip metal/dielectric stack. This paper focuses on a 6-metal reconfigurable circuits. A MEMS variable capacitor, capable of 0.18 µm and a 4-metal 0.35 µm foundry process. Multi-project 7:1 tuning ratio, reconfigures a narrow-band low-noise amplifier wafer chips from both processes are processed identically and a power amplifier over a 1 GHz frequency range. A except that the oxide etch for the 0.18 µm case is extended to suspended MEMS inductor, with > 50% improvement in Q, lowers amplifier power consumption. compensate for the thicker 6-metal stack. A. MEMS Variable Capacitor I. INTRODUCTION A MEMS variable capacitor for use in reconfigurable RF Multiband transceivers are a critical component in circuits should have high tuning range, linearity and Q, and envisioned software-controlled radios. In power-constrained low parasitic capacitance and resistance at its terminals. The mobile terminals, they either need wideband RF front ends, or latest MEMS variable capacitor extends an electrothermal frequency-reconfigurable narrowband front-ends. The design [9], in which large displacements (~10 µm) can be wideband approach is fraught with inadequate sampling rates, achieved using low voltages (< 5V) unlike the electrostatic inferior linearity and high power. An ideal solution is a fully- designs typically used in RF MEMS capacitive switches. -
Vacuum Capacitors Combining Expertise and Technology 2 Vacuum Capacitors Vacuum Capacitors 3
Led by experience. Driven by curiosity. Vacuum Capacitors Combining expertise and technology 2 Vacuum Capacitors Vacuum Capacitors 3 Table of contents We empower new technologies 4 Advanced technologies 7 Variable Vacuum Capacitors 12 Fixed Vacuum Capacitors 30 Trimmer Vacuum Capacitor 38 Motorized Capacitors 42 Customized solutions 48 Series overview 50 Service Bulletins 54 Contacts 56 4 Vacuum Capacitors Vacuum Capacitors 5 We empower new technologies Comet is a leading expert in RF power delivery and a global innovation partner of RF related business- es for more than 50 years. Our products have earned a global reputation for quality and reliabili- ty over a broad variety of applications. By exploring the mysteries of plasma behavior Comet is contributing to the evolution of the semiconductor industry. With the goal to provide our customers with the most precise tools we “We create solutions engineer and manufacture the most advanced RF power systems and diagnostic tools to master that respond both to plasma processes. today’s trends and Comet’s profound know-how in RF circuit modeling tomorrow’s needs.” and design has its origin in the development of vacuum capacitors. A broad range of capacitors Michael Kammerer for all needs guarantees you highest performance, President Comet repeatability and reliability of your tools. Besides Plasma Control Technologies that, the unique modular and customized design allows a high degree of flexibility in production and guarantees the delivery of special types on short notice. To improve the performance of our Imped- ance Matching Networks exclusively Comet Vaccum Capacitors are used. In this catalog you will learn more about the broadest selection of capacitance, power, voltage and drive systems in the market. -
Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Capacitive Sensor Using Delta-Sigma Modulation Charikleia Tsagkari University of Nevada, Las Vegas, [email protected]
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2017 Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Capacitive Sensor Using Delta-Sigma Modulation Charikleia Tsagkari University of Nevada, Las Vegas, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Repository Citation Tsagkari, Charikleia, "Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Capacitive Sensor Using Delta-Sigma Modulation" (2017). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 3049. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3049 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A CAPACITIVE SENSOR USING DELTA- SIGMA MODULATION By Charikleia Tsagkari Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Engineering – Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2017 Copyright 2017 by Charikleia Tsagkari All Rights Reserved Thesis Approval The Graduate College The University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 1, 2017 This thesis prepared by Charikleia Tsagkari entitled DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A CAPACITIVE SENSOR USING DELTA-SIGMA MODULATION is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering – Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering R. -
Detecting Touchscreen Events Using a Smartphone Protective Case
The Curious Case of the Curious Case: Detecting touchscreen events using a smartphone protective case Tomer Gluck, Rami Puzis, Yossi Oren and Asaf Shabtai Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel [email protected], fpuzis,yos,[email protected] Abstract—Security-conscious users are very careful with soft- computation and communication functions. Farshteindiker et ware they allow their phone to run. They are much less al. suggest a method by which an implant in close proximity careful with the choices they make regarding accessories such to the phone can use the phone itself to exfiltrate data. This as headphones or chargers and only few, if any, care about method is using a transducer that can be placed inside the cyber security threats coming from the phone’s protective protective case and communicate with a web-page through case. We show how a malicious smartphone protective case the gyroscope readings. Farshteindiker et al. also discuss can be used to detect and monitor the victim’s interaction several options for supplying power to such a device. Our with the phone’s touchscreen, opening the door to keylogger- paper focuses on the data collection functionality of the like attacks, threatening the user’s security and privacy. This implant. In particular, we present a method for remotely feat is achieved by implementing a hidden capacitive sensing detecting touch screen events using a malicious smartphone mechanism inside the case. Our attack is both sensitive enough protective case, which is cheap and simple enough to be to track the user’s finger location across the screen, and mass-produced.