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Case Study of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2020 Public Policy Response to Violence: Case Study of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria Emmanuel Baba Mamman Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Public Administration Commons, and the Public Policy Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Emmanuel Baba Mamman has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Timothy Fadgen, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Victoria Landu-Adams, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Eliesh Lane, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2020 Abstract Public Policy Response to Violence: Case Study of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria by Emmanuel Baba Mamman MPA, University of Ilorin, 1998 BSc (Ed), Delta State University, Abraka, 1992 Final Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University September 2020 Abstract The violence of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria has generated an increased need for public policy responses. Nigerian authorities and community stakeholders have attempted myriad responses to the challenges created by Boko Haram. However, there is a poor understanding of policy frameworks for handling the Boko Haram violence on the immediate, medium-term, and long-term dimensions. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to improve the understanding of the public policy measures that may help to address the Boko Haram challenge. John Burton’s theory of human needs provided a theoretical foundation for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used, which emphasized the relevance of participants’ experiences and knowledge to the study. Rich data were obtained from archival documents and participant interviews from 12 public policy experts. Eight themes emerged from the analysis process of hand coding, categorization, patterning, detailed description, and interpretation of the data. The deductive thematic analysis approach for analyzing data was used. Key findings from this study revealed that a collaborative approach to public policy making and implementation by authorities in Nigeria is important for a successful counterinsurgency fight against Boko Haram. Recommendations include the need to mainstream research and intelligence in all counterinsurgency operations against Boko Haram and having a properly articulated counterinsurgency policy for Nigeria with a conceptual clarity that involves both the use of security and peacebuilding components at the political, legal, economic, and civil society levels. Public Policy Response to Violence: Case Study of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria by Emmanuel Baba Mamman MPA, University of Ilorin, 1998 BSc (Ed), Delta State University, Abraka, 1992 Final Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University September 2020 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the glory of the Lord God almighty and to my wife, Mrs. Cecilia Amina Mamman, and my children, Edward, Evelyn, and Manasoko. Acknowledgments I am profoundly grateful to Dr. Timothy P. Fadgen, who patiently guided me in this dissertation process as my committee chair. I also immensely thank Dr. Victoria B. Landu-Adams, my committee member, and Dr. Eliesh Lane, the URR, for blending well with my chair and ensuring the quality of this dissertation. I wish to use this medium to express my special appreciation to my wife and children for their sacrifice all through the years that I have had to struggle for financial resources for this program. My appreciation also goes to Dr. Samuel Rumala and other family members for their financial and moral support. I am also grateful to all the participants in the study, for their time and cooperation toward the successful completion of the study. Finally, I wish to thank my faculty members for ensuring that this program come through successfully. Thank you all and God bless. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................2 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................5 Purpose of Study ............................................................................................................6 Research Questions ........................................................................................................7 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................8 Nature of Study ............................................................................................................10 Definition of Terms......................................................................................................11 Philosophical and Practical Assumptions ....................................................................13 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................15 Limitations of the Study...............................................................................................16 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................16 Summary ......................................................................................................................17 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................20 Introduction ..................................................................................................................20 Synopsis of Current Literature on the Problem ...........................................................21 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................24 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................25 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................29 i The Concept .......................................................................................................... 29 Review and Synthesis of Studies Related to the Concept .................................... 32 Justification from Literature for Selection of Concept ......................................... 36 Key Concepts and Benefits of the Framework ............................................................37 Concept of Public Policy ...................................................................................... 37 Violence as a Consequence for Public Policy Agenda ......................................... 42 Boko Haram Insurgency ....................................................................................... 46 Literature Review Related to Key Concepts and Variables .........................................49 Policies and Principles of Internal Security Management .................................... 49 Towards Nigeria’s National Security Policy and Administration ........................ 52 Counterinsurgency Policy Process in Nigeria....................................................... 58 The Boko Haram Violence in Nigeria .................................................................. 63 Boko Haram Insurgency: A Causal Analysis ....................................................... 68 Types of Insurgencies in Nigeria .......................................................................... 74 Nigerian Government Response to Boko Haram Violence .................................. 78 Boko Haram and the Increasing Cross Border Linkages ...................................... 85 Review and Synthesis of Studies Pertaining to the Research Questions .....................98 Identified Gaps in Previous Research ........................................................................102 Summary ....................................................................................................................103 Summary of Major Themes in the Literature ..................................................... 104 Known and Not Known in the Discipline Relating to the Theme of Study ....... 104 Chapter 3: Research Method ............................................................................................106
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