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Tottenham House & Estate TOTTENHAM HOUSE & ESTATE Heritage Report Volume 1 History of the House and Park December 2017 worlledge associates Tottenham House & Estate HISTORY OF THE HOUSE AND PARK VOLUME 1 CONTENTS 1.00 Executive Summary 2.00 Summary 3.00 Introduction 4.00 Location & Description of Site 5.00 Historical Development of Tottenham House & Stables 6.00 Historical Development of Park & Forest 7.00 Tottenham House & Lancelot Brown 8.00 Map Regression 9.00 Heritage Assets 2 Tottenham House & Estate HISTORY OF THE HOUSE AND PARK VOLUME 1 1.00 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Estate back into a viable long-term use, and secure the removal • Charles Bruce commissioned a country house in the Palladian of the heritage assets from Historic England’s Heritage at Risk style fashionable among the Whig political elite in the 18th The intelligent management of change is a key principle Register. century, designed by Lord Burlington. This was a square villa necessary to sustain the historic environment for present and of three central bays with corner towers, two storeys over future generations to enjoy. Historic England and successive Volume 1 provides a general history of Tottenham House, the basements with an attic and flanking service buildings. governments have published policy and advice that extends influential people who shaped its architectural and social history, our understanding of the historic environment and develops our its development and redevelopment. It also tracks the design • The landscaping of the park and rides around the house competency in making decisions about how to manage it. history and development of the landscaped park and part of the were important components of Bruce’s vision for the Estate, Savernake Forest. and Lancelot Brown was consulted on the design of the park Paragraphs 4-10 of Historic England’s Good Practice Advice and landscaping. Much of the planting was undertaken and Note 2 (Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Volume 2 explains the heritage significance of Tottenham House overseen by Lord Bruce’s steward, Charles Bill. Environment) explain that applications (for planning permission & Estate. It also discusses the buildings and structures on the and listed building consent) have a greater likelihood of success site, which, though not all identified in the statutory register of • c.1818, Charles Brundenell-Bruce had a new stable block and better decisions will be made when applicants and local listed buildings, hold some architectural or historical interest. erected on the approach to the house. This large and planning authorities assess and understand the particular nature showy structure proclaimed the wealth and status of the of the significance of an asset and (in this case) the contribution Volume 3 provides a conservation management plan for the owner to those who viewed it. Building works on the main the setting makes to its significance. site, which examines the ways that the heritage significance of house continued from 1824 – 1873, encasing the house in the Estate should be considered in design and management limestone ashlar and extending it with symmetrical quadrant The National Planning Policy Framework provides a very proposals that will secure the future of these at-risk heritage wings on both sides with end pavilions. It is of two storeys similar message in paragraphs 128 and 129 expecting both assets. it outlines the opportunities and challenges and plots how over basements with an attic over the central block, three- applicant and local planning authority to take responsibility for pre-application discussions with key stakeholders have informed bay linking blocks to either side and three-bay end wings. understanding the significance of a heritage asset and the impact the submitted proposals. Attached to the south elevation is a conservatory dating of a development proposal on that significance, seeking to avoid c.1830, now dilapidated. unacceptable conflict between the asset’s conservation and any Volume 4 sets out the policy framework for assessing the impact aspect of the proposal. of proposed development on the significance of heritage assets, • Regarding the history of the landscape and grounds at the including their settings and then within that policy context site, it is possible to date the Great Walk and Avenues, as The application site includes Tottenham House, its associated examines the impact of the submitted proposals and whether or well as some of the plantations and gardens to the early structures, the Park around the house, and the southern part not it would result in any harm. 17th century. In the early 18th century, several further of the Savernake Forest. The site comprises the Main House, improvements were made including the reinstatement of predominantly 19th century in appearance though 18th century Volume 5 includes the illustrations, maps and other evidence the deer park and improvements to the pleasure grounds. A in origin, ancillary service buildings, The Old Stables, Walled referred to in volumes 1 - 4 kitchen garden was added to the south of the house at this Garden, pleasure gardens, and a deer park. The House is Grade time. Several new axial rides were created. I listed in the Historic England National Heritage List for England, KEY POINTS FROM VOLUME 1: while other buildings are listed Grade II*. Much of the site also ‘THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE & PARK’ • In the second half of the 18th century, the rigid formality of within a Registered Park. • The Estate is part of the Savernake Forest, a royal hunting the landscape softened as a result of the naturalistic style of forest with a documented history dating from the 11th century. Lancelot Brown. The pleasure grounds were remodelled and a This aim and purpose of this document is to identify the It was formerly owned by the Seymour family, whose daughter, new kitchen garden constructed. Serpentine rides and clumps significance of these heritage assets within their settings to Jane, married Henry VIII. In 1714 it was inherited by Charles of trees introduced. An additional network of axial rides was inform development, repair and restoration proposals for the Bruce. created, as well as the Eight Walks near the centre of the House and Park. These proposals seek to bring the House and forest. 3 Tottenham House & Estate HISTORY OF THE HOUSE AND PARK VOLUME 1 • Further changes were made between 1850-1870, when the house, to a place of entertainment, to institutional use and significance will sometimes be more robust and more capable boundary between the park and forest was removed, creating now vacant. These changes in use and role are reflected in the of accommodating change than areas, which though of lesser a substantial ‘forest park’ for deer. When the mansion was way the landscape around it has also changed, from hunting significance, may be more sensitive to change. used as Hawtrey’s Prepartory School c.1880, alterations were forest to designed park. made to accommodate rectangular enclosures. • The site, buildings and the landscape are at risk. A lack • The Park provides a multitude of viewing experiences: long of repairs and maintenance over an extended period have KEY POINTS FROM VOLUME 2: views from high vantage points over the wider countryside, resulted in significant damage to the house and in the case of ‘SIGNIFICANCE AND SETTING’ intimate and enclosed views from the routes around the Old Stables, partial collapse. • Placing the buildings and park into their historical context and through the landscape and wooded areas, dynamic and describing their characteristics and appearance is an experiences that unfold as people pass through the area, • A key imperative is to find an appropriate new use and clearly important component of the evidence gathering exercise revealing curated views of nature or built forms. As a viewing the one for which the buildings were originally designed would to inform understanding of the place’s archaeological, place, the Park is characterised by movement through a be the most appropriate way to sustain the site’s heritage architectural, historic and artistic interest. landscape to create visual stories which unfold, or by interest. Such a reinstated use, as a country house, needs providing destinations that are in themselves eye catching, but to be sustainable and provide for the needs of 21st century • The house and landscape are inextricably linked. In order from which there are a range of views and different viewing country house owners. to help articulate the significance of this complex site, the experiences. Core to this, physically and subconsciously is heritage values for each element of the site are considered the Main House, in some places deliberately hidden from view • If Tottenham House & Estate is to be successfully reinstated separately, though many aspects are interrelated and and in others central to the view which commands authority as a private residence, it follows that the gardens also need interdependent. over the landscape as a symbol of exclusivity and intimidation. to be regenerated, retaining elements of earlier designs, including, where appropriate, the very best contemporary • Tottenham House & Estate is the product of 900 years of • Designed views express the essence of the country house, design and amenities. ownership by one family and its descendants, involving sitting within an extensive parkland setting that exhibits continuous development and renewal in response to changing essential interdependence and statement of control and • In addition, provision must be made for buildings essential needs, aspirations and fortunes. authority over the landscape. for the staffing and sustenance of the house and gardens, for transportation and garaging suitable for a 21st century estate, • It is representative of the internationally respected English KEY POINTS FROM VOLUME 3: and for Security Lodges positioned in a location appropriate country house tradition, a house on a grand scale, associated ‘CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN’ to the current boundary of Tottenham Estate.
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