The Electroshock Quotationary®
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mental Health
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCH IAT RY ( 1007). 191 ( s upp l. 50 ), 171 -177. d ol: I0 .1191/ b j p . 191.5 0 .s71 REVIEW ARTICLE Schizophrenia outcome measures in the wider including clinical symptoms and their im provement, and social functioning, espe cially the ability to relate to people and international community performance at work (including employ ment, housework and tasks). Cognitive MOHAN ISAAC , PRABHAT CHAND and PRAT I MA MURT HY function, family burden and quality of life are other outcome measures. Outcome is also influenced by the course of schizo phrenia. The possible contribution of fac tors to the good prognosis observed in low- and middle-income countries is shown in the Appendix. Background Outcome of Schizophrenia may have a better outcome schizophrenia has been described as in low- and middle-income countries. The initial evidence for this came from the Inter Clinical symptoms favourable in low- and middle-income national Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (!PSS; The Present State Examination-9 (PSE-9; countries. Recently. researchers have World Health Organization, 1979) and was Wing et al, 1974) has been used as the mea questioned these findings. further strengthened by rwo subsequent sure of clinical symptoms at baseline and studies, the Determinants of Outcome of during follow-up in almost all long-term Aims To examine the outcome studies Severe Mental Disorders (DoSMED; studies from low- and middle-income coun carried out in different countries Jablensky et al, 1992) and the recently con tries. The PSE-9 assesses 140 symptoms specifically looking at those from low- and cluded International Study on Schizo grouped into 36 syndromes and measures phrenia (ISoS; Harrison et al, 2001). -
The Case Against Psychiatric Coercion
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 The Case against Psychiatric Coercion —————— ✦ —————— THOMAS SZASZ “To commit violent and unjust acts, it is not enough for a government to have the will or even the power; the habits, ideas, and passions of the time must lend themselves to their committal.” —ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE (1981, 297) olitical history is largely the story of the holders of power committing violent and unjust acts against their people. -
Suggestions to the Human Rights Committee for Disability-Related Questions to Consider for Its List of Issues for the United States
Center for the Human Rights of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry1 Repeal Mental Health Laws Documenting and challenging forced psychiatric treatment Suggestions to the Human Rights Committee for disability-related questions to consider for its List of Issues for the United States The situation of people labeled with psychiatric disabilities in the United States raises questions under Articles 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 25 and 26 of the Covenant. We use the term “people labeled with psychiatric disabilities” to refer to those who identify as having experienced madness, mental health problems or trauma, or as having been labeled with a psychiatric diagnosis. These individuals are covered as persons with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act2 and under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.3 “From Privileges to Rights: People Labeled with Psychiatric Disabilities Speak for Themselves” was the title of a significant report issued in January 2000 by the U.S. National Council on Disability.4 We consider the “medical model of mental health,” under which altered mental and emotional states are characterized as pathological medical conditions, to be incompatible with our human rights and dignity. The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities acknowledges that alternatives to the medical model of mental health, including peer support, need to be made available.5 This submission suggests questions to ask of the United States government, followed by a preliminary review of the current state of U.S. laws and practices. 1 For information on organizations submitting this report see Annex I. 2 42 USC chapter 126; see § 12102 Definition of disability. -
A Hunger Strike to Challenge International Domination by Biopsychiatry
A Hunger Strike to Challenge International Domination by Biopsychiatry This fast is about human rights in mental health. The psychiatric pharmaceutical complex is heedless of its oath to "first do no harm." Psychiatrists are able with impunity to: *** Incarcerate citizens who have committed crimes against neither persons nor property. *** Impose diagnostic labels on people that stigmatize and defame them. *** Induce proven neurological damage by force and coercion with powerful psychotropic drugs. *** Stimulate violence and suicide with drugs promoted as able to control these activities. *** Destroy brain cells and memories with an increasing use of electroshock (also known as electro-convulsive therapy) *** Employ restraint and solitary confinement - which frequently cause severe emotional trauma, humiliation, physical harm, and even death - in preference to patience and understanding. *** Humiliate individuals already damaged by traumatizing assaults to their self-esteem. These human rights violations and crimes against human decency must end. While the history of psychiatry offers little hope that change will arrive quickly, initial steps can and must be taken. At the very least, the public has the right to know IMMEDIATELY the evidence upon which psychiatry bases its spurious claims and treatments, and upon which it has gained and betrayed the trust and confidence of the courts, the media, and the public. WHY WE FAST There are many different ways to help people experiencing severe mental and emotional crises. People labeled with a psychiatric disability deserve to be able to choose from a wide variety of these empowering alternatives. Self-determination is important to achieve real recovery. However, choice in the mental health field is severely limited. -
THE REAL CRISIS in Mental Health Today
THE REAL CRISIS In Mental Health Today CONTENTS Introduction: Psychiatry’s Lack of Science ................................. 2 Chapter One: The Drugging of Our Children ......... 5 Chapter Two: Harmful Psychiatric Labeling ......................... 11 Chapter Three: Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry.......................... 15 Chapter Four: Psychiatry’s Destructive ‘Treatments’ ................ 21 Chapter Five: Better Solutions .............................. 29 Recommendations .......................... 31 Citizens Commission on Human Rights International ........... 32 ® INTRODUCTION Psychiatry’s Lack of Science ow concerned should we be Professor Edward Shorter, author of about reports that mental illness A History of Psychiatry, stated, “Rather than has become an epidemic striking heading off into the brave new world of science, one out of every four people in DSM-IV-style psychiatry seemed in some ways the world today? According to the to be heading out into the desert.”2 Hsource of these alarming reports — the psychiatric We formulated this report and its recommen- industry — mental illness threatens to engulf dations for those with responsibility in deciding us all and can only be checked by immediate the funding and fate of mental health programs and massive increases in funding. They warn and insurance coverage, including legislators and of the disastrous effects of withheld appropria- other decision makers charged with the task of ROHIT ADI, M.D.: MARY JO PAGEL, M.D.: Dr. Adi is a diplomate of the Dr. Pagel graduated from the American Board of Internal University of Texas Medical Branch Medicine. He has been with honors in cardiology. She is a practicing emergency medicine specialist in internal medicine and since 1993 and now serves as the preventative and industrial medicine, assistant director of a trauma cen- and is medical director of a medi- ter that handles 72,000 patients cal clinic. -
Electro-Convulsive Therapy, History, and the Politics of Museum Display
A Tale of Two Objects: Electro-Convulsive Therapy, History, and the Politics of Museum Display James Bradley This essay offers a biography of two Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) machines: the Bini-Cerletti machine used for the very first shock treatments and now housed in the History of Medicine Museum, Rome; and a machine from Adelaide based upon H.M. Birch’s original design and used to give the first shock treatments in Australia. In discussing these objects, I take a number of steps. Firstly, a short history of ECT introduces the major debates around the therapy and its history. Secondly, the machines are positioned within this history. Thirdly, the machines’ function within the galleries is discussed. Finally, I ask how these objects might be presented in a way that better reflects their history and the history of psychiatry more generally. Keywords: electro-convulsive therapy, material culture, museums and display, history of psychiatry, technology and innovation Objects and their Lives The subjects of this essay are two early Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) machines that are now museum exhibits. In particular, it presents the machines as objects of material culture, revealing significant contours of the cultural domains of psychiatry and museums. It is, therefore, about the people to which these machines were connected, figuratively and literally, and the work that they did as therapeutic devices and now do as exhibits in museums. In effect, it presents a biography of the two objects. The first of the machines is the original. Designed and built by Ugo Cerletti’s team (notably Lucio Bini), it is now exhibited in the Museo di Storia della Medicina (History of Medicine Museum) at Sapienza, Rome. -
Coercion: the Only Constant in Psychiatric Practice? Tomi Gomory, David Cohen, and Stuart A
Florida State University Libraries Faculty Publications College of Social Work 2013 Coercion: The Only Constant In Psychiatric Practice? Tomi Gomory, David Cohen, and Stuart A. Kirk Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] Coercion 1 Coercion: The Only Constant In Psychiatric Practice? Tomi Gomory, Associate Professor, Florida State University1 David Cohen, Professor, Florida International University Stuart A. Kirk, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles To allow every maniac liberty consistent with safety; to proportion the degree of coercion to the … extravagance of behavior; … that bland art of conciliation, or the tone of irresistible authority pronouncing an irreversible mandate … are laws of fundamental importance … to the … successful management of all lunatic institutions. Philippe Pinel (1806) Introduction In the Western world, since at least the 15th century, state-sanctioned force has been employed to control those who disturb others by their violent or existentially destabilizing behaviors such as threatening or inflicting self-harm. Coercing the mad into madhouses, separating and detaining them from the rest of society, and forcing them to comply with their keepers’ wishes, occurred before physicians became involved in theorizing about the meaning or origins of madness, and it continues to distinguish psychiatric practice to this day. It is widely recognized that the mad used to be confined, beaten, tied, shocked or whirled into submission, but it seems less appreciated today by 1 Co-authors of Mad Science: The Disorders of American Psychiatry (Transaction Publishers, due in March 2013). Coercion 2 scholars, practitioners, and the general public that the physical control of “dangerous” mental patients remains a central function, and perhaps the only constant function, of public mental health systems. -
The Case Against Antipsychotic Drugs: a 50-Year Record of Doing More Harm Than Goodq
Medical Hypotheses (2004) 62, 5–13 http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/mehy The case against antipsychotic drugs: a 50-year record of doing more harm than goodq Robert Whitaker* 19 Rockingham St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Summary Although the standard of care in developed countries is to maintain schizophrenia patients on neuroleptics, this practice is not supported by the 50-year research record for the drugs. A critical review reveals that this paradigm of care worsens long-term outcomes, at least in the aggregate, and that 40% or more of all schizophrenia patients would fare better if they were not so medicated. Evidence-based care would require the selective use of antipsychotics, based on two principles: (a) no immediate neuroleptisation of first-episode patients; (b) every patient stabilized on neuroleptics should be given an opportunity to gradually withdraw from them. This model would dramatically increase recovery rates and decrease the percentage of patients who become chronically ill. c 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction which posed this question: “After fifty years of neuroleptic drugs, are we able to answer the fol- The standard of care for schizophrenia calls for lowing simple question: Are neuroleptics effective patients to be maintained indefinitely on antipsy- in treating schizophrenia?” [8] A close review of the chotic drugs. The evidence for this practice comes research literature provides a surprising answer. from research showing the drugs are effective in The preponderance of evidence shows that the treating acute psychotic symptoms and in pre- current standard of care – continual medication venting relapse [1,2]. Historians also argue that the therapy for all patients so diagnosed – does more introduction of neuroleptics in the 1950s made it harm than good. -
Journal of Critical Psychology, Counselling and Psychotherapy Appropriate, and Have to Use Force, Which Constitutes a Threat
Winter 2010 Peter Lehmann 209 Medicalization and Peter * Lehmann Irresponsibility Through the example of an adolescent harmed by a variety of psychiatric procedures this paper concludes that bioethical and legal action (involving public discussion of human rights violations) should be taken to prevent further uninhibited unethical medicalization of problems that are largely of a social nature. Each human being loses, if even one single person allows himself to be lowered for a purpose. (Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder, 1741–1796, German enlightener) Beside imbalance and use of power, medicalization – the social definition of human problems as medical problems – is the basic flaw at the heart of the psychiatric discipline in the opinion of many social scientists, of users and survivors of psychiatry and critical psychiatrists. Like everywhere, in the discussion of medicalization there are many pros and cons as well as intermediate positions. When we discuss medicalization, we should have a very clear view, what medicalization can mean in a concrete way for an individual and which other factors are connected with medicalization; so we can move from talk to action. Medicalization and irresponsibility often go hand in hand. Psychiatry as a scientific discipline cannot do justice to the expectation of solving mental problems that are largely of a social nature. Its propensity and practice are not * Lecture, June 29, 2010, presented to the congress ‘The real person’, organized by the University of Preston (Lancashire), Institute for Philosophy, Diversity and Mental Health, in cooperation with the European Network of (ex-) Users and Survivors of Psychiatry (ENUSP) in Manchester within the Parallel Session ‘Psychiatric Medicalization: User and Survivor Perspectives’ (together with John Sadler, Professor of Medical Ethics & Clinical Sciences at the UT Southwestern, Dallas, and Jan Verhaegh, philosopher and ENUSP board-member, Valkenburg aan de Geul, The Netherlands). -
Introduction
STREET SPIRIT INTERVIEW WITH LEONARD ROY FRANK (7/03) Printed below is Terry Messman’s INTRODUCTION and INTERVIEW with Leonard Roy Frank (12,700 words) published in the July 2003 issue of Street Spirit (1515 Webster #303, Oakland, CA 94612; [email protected]), a publication of the American Friends Service Committee distributed in the San Francisco’s East Bay region. INTRODUCTION Electroconvulsive Brainwashing The Odyssey of Leonard Roy Frank by Terry Messman Street Spirit Leonard Roy Frank's name is spoken with something approaching reverence by those movement activists, journalists, psychiatrists and psychiatric survivors who have come to know his work in exposing the abuses of psychiatry over the past 30 years. He has the bearing and intensity of an Old Testament prophet as he speaks gently and thoughtfully, yet with a deep urgency, of the countless lives that have been destroyed or irreparably damaged by what he describes as "psychiatric atrocities." Without hesitation, those activists who have built a nationwide human rights movement to resist psychiatric abuses compare him to past movement builders such as Gandhi and King. David Oaks, executive director of MindFreedom and a leading activist in the national movement of psychiatric survivors, says flatly, "Leonard Roy Frank is the Gandhi of the psychiatric survivors' movement. He's really helped bring a powerful spiritual discipline to this movement, similar to the work of Martin Luther King. Certainly in the 20th century, Leonard would be one of the foremost challengers of psychiatry, especially electroshock." Both in appearance and in his outspoken activism against injustice, Leonard somehow calls to mind such prophets as Isaiah and Jeremiah. -
United for a Revolution in Mental Health Care
Winter 2009-10 www.MindFreedom.org Protesters give a Mad Pride injection to the psychiatric industry directly outside the doors of the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting during a “Festival of Resistance” co-sponsored by MindFreedom International and the California Network of Mental Health Clients. See page 8 for more. Victory! MindFreedom Helps Ray Sandford Stop His Forced Electroshock Mad Pride in Media Launched: Directory of Alternative Mental Health Judi Chamberlin Leads From Hospice United for a Revolution in Mental Health Care www.MindFreedom.org Published PbyAGE MFI • MindFreedom International Wins Campaigns for Human Rights and From the Executive Director: Everyone Has Something To Offer Alternatives in the Mental Health System Please join! BY DAVID W. OAKS all psychiatric oppression “BY This is a TUESDAY.” MindFreedom International Sponsor Group or Affiliate has a Because of generous support from place where www.MindFreedom.org (MFI) is one of the few groups liaison on the MFI Support Coalition MindFreedom groups and members, “So,” Judi said, “that’s what I MindFreedom in the mental health field that is Advisory Council. [email protected] in the last few months I have had want. By Tuesday.” members can post to forums independent with no funding from MFI’s mission: “In a spirit of the privilege of visiting MindFree- In that spirit, here are some tips for and blogs that are or links to governments, mental mutual cooperation, MindFreedom MindFreedom International dom International (MFI) activists in our members in effective leadership open to public health providers, drug companies, International leads a nonviolent 454 Willamette, Suite 216 Norway, Maine, Massachusetts, Min- in MindFreedom International, for a view. -
Workbook Psychiatry and Narcology
Kharkiv National Medical University Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology WORKBOOK MANUAL FOR INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS PSYCHIATRY AND NARCOLOGY (Part 2) Student ___________________________________________________________ Faculty _________________________________________________________ Course _________________ Group _____________________________________ Kharkiv 2019 Затверджено вченою радою ХНМУ Протокол №5 від 23.05.2019 р. Psychiatry (Part 2) : workbook manual for individual work of students / I. Strelnikova, G. Samardacova, К. Zelenska – Kharkiv, 2019. – 103 p. Копіювання для розповсюдження в будь-якому вигляді частин або повністю можливо тільки з дозволу авторів навчального посібника. CLASS 7. NEUROTIC DISORDERS. CLINICAL FORMS. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION. Psychogenic diseases are a large and clinically varied group of diseases resulting from an effect of acute or long-term psychic traumas, which manifest themselves by both mental and somatoneurological disorders and, as a rule, are reversible. Psychogenic diseases are caused by a psychic trauma, i.e. some events which affect significant aspects of existence of the human being and result in deep psychological feelings. These may be subjectively significant events, i.e. those which are pathogenic for the majority of people. Besides, the psyche may be traumatized by conventionally pathogenic events, which cause feelings in an individual because of his peculiar hierarchy of values. Unfavorable psychogenic effects on the human being cause stress in him, i.e. a nonspecific reaction at the physiological, psychological and behavioural levels. Stress may exert some positive, mobilizing influence, but may result in disorganization of the organism activity. The stress, which exerts a negative influence and causes various disturbances and even diseases, is termed distress. Classification of neurotic disorders I.