THE REAL CRISIS in Mental Health Today

THE REAL CRISIS In Mental Health Today

CONTENTS Introduction: Psychiatry’s Lack of Science ...... 2

Chapter One: The Drugging of Our Children ...... 5

Chapter Two: Harmful Psychiatric Labeling ...... 11

Chapter Three: Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry...... 15

Chapter Four: Psychiatry’s Destructive ‘Treatments’ ...... 21

Chapter Five: Better Solutions ...... 29

Recommendations ...... 31

Citizens Commission on Human Rights International ...... 32

® INTRODUCTION Psychiatry’s Lack of Science

ow concerned should we be Professor Edward Shorter, author of about reports that mental illness A History of Psychiatry, stated, “Rather than has become an epidemic striking heading off into the brave new world of science, one out of every four people in DSM-IV-style psychiatry seemed in some ways the world today? According to the to be heading out into the desert.”2 Hsource of these alarming reports — the psychiatric We formulated this report and its recommen- industry — mental illness threatens to engulf dations for those with responsibility in deciding us all and can only be checked by immediate the funding and fate of mental health programs and massive increases in funding. They warn and insurance coverage, including legislators and of the disastrous effects of withheld appropria- other decision makers charged with the task of

ROHIT ADI, M.D.: MARY JO PAGEL, M.D.: Dr. Adi is a diplomate of the Dr. Pagel graduated from the American Board of Internal University of Texas Medical Branch Medicine. He has been with honors in cardiology. She is a practicing emergency medicine specialist in internal medicine and since 1993 and now serves as the preventative and industrial medicine, assistant director of a trauma cen- and is medical director of a medi- ter that handles 72,000 patients cal clinic. She is a member of the a year. medical advisory board of the Citizens Commission on Human Rights. tions. What the psychiatrists never warn of is protecting the health, well-being and safety of that the very diagnostic system used to derive their citizens. the alarming statistic — their own Diagnostic The results of the widespread reliance by and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV psychiatrists on the DSM, with its ever-expanding (DSM-IV) and its equivalent, the mental disor- list of illnesses for each of which a psychiatric ders section of the International Classification of drug can be legally prescribed, include these Diseases (ICD-10) — are under attack for their staggering statistics: lack of scientific authority and veracity and Twenty million schoolchildren worldwide their almost singular emphasis on psychotropic have now been diagnosed with mental disorders drug treatment. and prescribed cocaine-like stimulants and Professor Herb Kutchins from California powerful antidepressants as treatment. State University, Sacramento, and Professor Psychiatric drug use and abuse is surging Stuart A. Kirk from the University of New York, worldwide: More than 100 million prescriptions authors of several books describing the flaws of for antidepressants alone were written in 2002 at the DSM, warn, “There are indeed many illu- a cost of $19.5 billion (?15.9 billion).3 sions about DSM and very strong needs among One in seven prescriptions in France its developers to believe that their dreams includes a psychotropic drug and more than of scientific excellence and utility have 50% of the unemployed — 1.8 million — take come true. …”1 psychotropic drugs.4 The “bitter medicine” is that DSM has Meanwhile, driven by DSM-derived mental “unsuccessfully attempted to medicalize too illness statistics, the international mental health many human troubles.” budget has skyrocketed in the last 10 years. In the United States, the mental health same applies to programs such as the screen- budget soared from $33 billion (?29.7 billion) ing for mental disorders of young children in in 1994 to more than $80 billion (?72 billion) schools. today. The claim that only increased funding will Switzerland’s spending on mental health cure the problems of psychiatry has lost its ring increased from $73.5 million (?65 million) in of truth. Fields of expertise that are built on 1988 to over $184.8 million (?165 million) over a scientific claims are routinely called upon to 10-year period. deliver empirical proof to support their theories. Germany currently spends more than $2.6 When the Centers for Disease Control receives billion (?2.34 billion) a year on “mental health.” funds to combat a dangerous disease, the funding

JULIAN WHITAKER, M.D.: ANTHONY P. URBANEK, M.D. Dr. Whitaker is the founder of Dr. Urbanek has a prior fellowship with the Whitaker Wellness Center in the National Institutes of Health and California and a popular speaker is an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. and lecturer. Dr. Whitaker His medical career includes founding is the author of eight books, medical centers, such as the Trelawney including Reversing Heart Disease Outreach Project, in a joint venture and Reversing Diabetes. He is with the Jamaican government to the author of the widely read service 50,000 Jamaicans. He currently newsletter Health and Healing. practices in Nashville.

In France, mental health costs have soared, results in the discovery of a biological cause and contributing $400 million (?361 million) to the development of a cure. Biological tests exist to country’s deficit.5 determine the presence or absence of most bodily In spite of record spending, countries now diseases. While people can have serious mental face escalating levels of child abuse, suicide, drug difficulties, psychiatry has no objective, physical abuse, violence and crime — very real problems test to confirm the presence of any mental illness. for which the psychiatric industry can identify Diagnosis is purely subjective. neither causes nor solutions. It is safe to conclude, The many critical challenges facing societies therefore, that a reduction in the funding of today reflect the vital need to strengthen psychiatric programs will not cause a worsening individuals through workable, viable and of mental health. Less funding for harmful psy- humanitarian alternatives to harmful psychiatric chiatric practices will, in fact, improve the state options. We invite you to review for yourself the of mental health. alternatives we have included. We respectfully The evidence presented herein has been offer the information in this report for your drawn from physicians, attorneys, judges, consideration so that you may draw your own psychiatrists, parents and others active in the conclusions about the state of mental health and mental health or related fields. The consensus psychiatry’s ability, or lack thereof, to contribute of these experts is that DSM-based, psychiatric to its resolution. initiatives such as the broadening of involuntary commitment laws and the expansion of so-called Rohit Adi, M.D. Mary Jo Pagel, M.D. community mental health plans are detrimental to society in human and economic terms. The Julian Whitaker, M.D. Anthony P. Urbanek, M.D. IMPORTANT FACTS

More than 6 million U.S. children have been put on mind-altering psychiatric drugs for an invented mental disorder called “Attention 1 Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder” or “ADHD.”

Another 1.5 million children are prescribed antidepressants known to cause suicidal ideation and 2 violent behavior. Australia’s stimulant prescriptions for children increased 34-fold in the past two decades, while in Britain it increased 9,200% between 1992 and 3 6 2000.

In Spain, the consumption of methylphenidate (Ritalin) increased 363% over a 9-year period, while in Mexico, sales rose 800% between 1993 and 4 2001.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) reported that neither animals nor humans can 5 differentiate between cocaine, amphetamines and methylphenidate: “[T]hey produce effects that are nearly identical.”7 CHAPTERThe Drugging ONEof Our Children

re children being overdrugged? An drug consumption by very young children in the examination of data and statistics last 15 years. such as those summarized on the preceding page reveals the alarm- Community and Government Response ing rate at which children are being In the United States more and more laws are being Amedicated for mental disorders. passed prohibiting schools from coercing parents or In addition to the more than 6 million children expelling a student if his parents refuse to put him on in the United States who have been prescribed mind- a psychiatric drug. altering psychiatric drugs for so-called Attention Deficit A mother in New York fought to preserve this fun- Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 2 million have been damental right of parents. After school psychologists put on antidepressant and and psychiatrists coerced antipsychotic drugs. Patricia Weathers to drug These soaring num- her 8-year-old son when bers of children interna- “Legislators and the he was diagnosed with tionally being drugged ADHD, the child became parallel the increase in general public should not withdrawn, could not eat the number of mental or sleep and ran away from disorders in the fourth home. edition of the American be hoodwinked. Behaviors Recognizing that these Psychiatric Associa- problems started with tion’s (APA) Diagnostic cannot be diseases.” the ADHD medications, and Statistical Manual Mrs. Weathers gradually of Mental Disorders IV — Jeffrey A. Schaler, withdrew her son from (DSM-IV) and the men- adjunct professor of psychology, the drugs. Medical tests tal disorders section of Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, 1998 showed that he suffered its counterpart, the Inter - from allergies and ane- national Classification of mia, and when treated, his Diseases (ICD). (See Chapter Two for more information behavior problems disappeared. He is now drug-free about DSM and ICD.) and doing well.8 In 1952, the first edition of the DSM contained In 1987, ADHD was voted into existence by mem- only three “disorders” for infants or children. By 1980, bers of the American Psychiatric Association. Talking there was a nearly ten-fold increase in the number of in class, being distracted, fidgeting or losing pencils can child disorders. Today, children barely out of diapers result in a child being labeled “ADHD” and drugged. are already diagnosed with mental illness, leading Dr. William Carey, a respected pediatrician at to a substantial increase in prescribed psychiatric the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, says: “The

CHAPTER ONE The Drugging of Our Children 5 current ADHD formulation, which makes the diagno- The Risks of Psychotropic Drugs sis when a certain number of troublesome behaviors “Ritalin took me as low or lower than anything are present and other criteria met, overlooks the fact else I used in the 60s and 70s — including heroin, that these behaviors are probably usually normal.”9 cocaine, LSD — the whole horror show …,” said one Psychologist Bob Jacobs warns that psychiatrists Ritalin addict from New Zealand. “The rush was and pharmaceutical companies have turned behav- euphoric — it’s like poor man’s coke. But the side ioral problems in children into disorders: “Nobody effects were devastating. You’d get paranoid even has ever presented any evidence of a condition faster than with coke. … You’d think your friends were called ADHD except to say all these children are going to turn you in, the cops were about to beat down hyperactive; all these children are inattentive, and the door, that you’d taken an overdose and your heart therefore they all have a disease.”10 would jump out of your chest. But I was so addicted The U.S. National Institutes of Health concluded to the few seconds of euphoria, I’d put up with the in 1998, “… our knowledge about the cause or causes hours of insanity, pain and [aggression].” of ADHD remains largely speculative.” At the same time that child psychiatric drugs In 2002, the Netherlands Advertising Commis- are broadly promoted as safe and effective, many sion ordered the country’s “Brain Institute” to stop governments classify them as abusive and as addic- falsely advertising ADHD as a neurobiological or tive as morphine, opium and cocaine. The stimulants genetic disorder because no scientific evidence exists prescribed for ADHD were already listed as controlled to prove this true. substances under Schedule II of the 1971 United The APA concedes that there are “… no labora- Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances tory tests that have been established” to diagnose because they constitute a substantial risk to public ADHD.11 health, have little therapeutic usefulness but have a Israeli physician Louria Shulamit is one of a strong high potential for addiction.12 and growing international coalition of responsible The U.S. FDA and Health Canada have warned professionals who object to giving children psychi- that one stimulant can cause heart irregularities, stroke atric drugs for emotional problems: “We don’t need and sudden death. drugged students. We should put our efforts into According to a special study by the U.S. Drug finding [the] reasons. Some of them are health prob- Enforcement Administration, “Psychotic episodes, para- lems like food intolerances or vitamin deficiencies. noid delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavioral Some are learning problems. As doctors, we need to characteristics similar to amphetamine-like stimulant find the real problems instead of drugging children.” toxicity, have been associated with methylphenidate

Many psychotropic drugs prescribed for children are classified as abusive and are as addictive as morphine, opium and cocaine.

CHAPTER ONE The Drugging of Our Children 6 CASE REPORTS Child Deaths

hile psychiatrists proclaim psychoactive drugs like amphetamines and concluded that Matthew drugs safe and effective for children, many died from long-term use of the prescribed ADHD stimu- Wparents know from tragic personal experi- lant. “I cannot go back and change things for us at ence that this is false. this point. However, I hope to God my story and information will reach the hearts and minds of many Shaina Dunkle — families, so they can make an educated decision,” 1991 – 2001 Mr. Smith said. Vicki Dunkle’s daughter Shaina’s life had been Samuel Grossman — filled with dance classes, 1973 – 1986 Girl Scouts, piano lessons In 1986, Samuel and softball games. But in Grossman, 13, died 1999, when Shaina was after being prescribed in second grade, teach- a stimulant for “over- ers said she was “too activity.” The autopsy active” and “talked out of revealed an enlarged turn.” Without diagnostic tests or physical exams, a heart caused by the psychiatrist concluded she suffered from ADHD and psychiatric drug. Accor- prescribed a psychiatric drug. On February 26, 2001, ding to the boy’s moth- Shaina suffered a seizure in the doctor’s office. Her er, “Giving this drug to mother rushed to hold her in her arms, where, a child is like playing Russian roulette. No one minutes later, she died. “Shaina looked into my eyes knows which child will get the brain dam- as her life ended and I could do nothing to save age and/or those who will die. I played the game her. It’s been two years and I relive those last few and I lost.” minutes every day. Believe me, it is a nightmare no parent should ever have to live with,” Mrs. Dunkle said. An autopsy revealed that Shaina had died from toxic levels Stephanie Hall — of the prescribed amphetamine. 1984 –1996 Stephanie Hall was a shy first grader in Ohio Matthew Smith — who loved books and 1986 – 2000 school. After her teacher At age 7, Matthew reported that Stephanie Smith was diagnosed with had a hard time “staying ADHD. His parents were on task,” a doctor diag- told he needed to take nosed attention deficit a stimulant to help him disorder and prescribed a focus and that non-com- stimulant. Over the next five years, Stephanie complained pliance could bring criminal of stomachaches and nausea and displayed mood charges for neglecting their swings and bizarre behavior. On January 5, 1996, at age son’s educational and emo- 11, Stephanie died in her sleep from cardiac arrhythmia. tional needs. “My wife and I were scared of the possibility Mrs. Hall remembers the last words exchanged with of losing our children if we didn’t comply,” says Matthew’s her daughter: “I said, ‘It’s 9 o’clock, Steph, get to bed,’ father, Lawrence. The parents acceded to the pressure and she replied, ‘OK Mom, I love you.’” The next morn- after being told that there was nothing wrong with the ing when her father went to wake her for school, she “medication.” But on March 21, 2000, while skateboard- didn’t respond. “We called paramedics and the police ing, Matthew suffered a heart attack and died. The coroner … Stephanie was so cold. I kept saying to them, ‘She is determined that Matthew’s heart showed clear signs of supposed to bury me, not me bury her.’” the small blood vessel damage that is caused by stimulant (Ritalin) abuse. Severe medical consequences, includ- of these for 7- to 12-year-olds in the United States ing death, have been reported.”13 increased 151% and 580% for children under six, Even when not abused, side effects of Ritalin resulting in some as young as five committing include blood pressure and pulse changes, angina suicide. In 2003, the British medicine regulatory (severe pain, often in chest), arrhythmia (heart agency warned doctors not to prescribe Selective irregularity), weight loss and toxic psychosis. Suicide Sero tonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepres- is a risk during withdrawal.14 Studies also reveal sants for under 18-year-olds because of the risk that stimulants do not actually improve academic of suicide. performance.15 Following that warning, an FDA Public Health Journalist Lou Dobbs reports that while the U.S. Advisory of March 22, 2004 stated, “Anxiety, agi tation, federal government spends nearly $1 billion a month panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, impul- to fight the war on illicit drugs, more than 1 million sivity, akathisia (severe restlessness), hypomania prescriptions were written for a new drug for ADHD and mania have been reported in adult and pediat- in its first six months on ric patients being treated the market.16 with [SSRI] antidepres- Nearly 3 million U.S. The stimulants prescribed for sants … both psychiatric adolescents ages 12 to 17 and non-psychiatric.” 20 abuse many highly addic- ADHD … have little therapeutic Bizarre dreams and violent tive prescription drugs usefulness but have a high behavior have also been such as pain killers, tran- reported. 21 The Australian, quilizers and sedatives. potential for addictiveness. Canadian, Japanese and In Japan, large num- European agencies also bers of methylphenidate — United Nations Convention on issued warnings. Then in addicts and “advisors,” Psychotropic Substances October 2004, after par- called “Ritalers,” use the ent testimonies of chil- Internet to promote how dren killing themselves, to best use the drug and offer drug swaps.17 the FDA ordered a “black box” warning of suicide risk In Australia the sudden death of 7-year-old and be placed prominently on SSRI anti depressants. 5-year-old who had a stroke helped spark a govern- However, such warnings came too late for Matt ment investigation into stimulants. Miller and Cecily Bostock. Matt hanged himself in Robert Whitaker, science writer and author of Mad his bedroom closet after one week of taking an SSRI in America said, “What we have after years of soaring antidepressant.22 Cecily stabbed herself in the chest use of psychotropic drugs is a crisis in mental health, an with a kitchen knife two weeks after she began taking epidemic of mental illness among children. Instead of an antidepressant.23 “To die in this violent, unusual seeing better mental health with ever more medicating, manner without making a sound … [the drug] we see a worsening of mental health.”18 must have put her over the edge,” said Cecily’s “It’s big money,” says Peyton Knight, legislative mother, Sara. director of the American Policy Center, “The more “Black box” warnings will do nothing to stem diagnoses there are every year, the more Ritalin and the fact that children are dying, killing others or other mind-altering drugs they are going to be able being turned into addicts because of these and other to market and sell.”19 psychiatric drugs. Their future will only be safe- guarded when the unscientific “mental disorders” Antidepressant Deaths they are diagnosed with are abolished and dangerous As for antidepressants, over 4 years, the use psychotropic drugs are prohibited.

CHAPTER ONE The Drugging of Our Children 8 SCHOOL VIOLENCE A Critical Perspective enseless acts of violence are devastating and shocking, even more so when committed by children and Steens. We ask, “How could this happen?” The dangers of psychiatric drugs and psychological programs in schools demand examination. Eight out of 13 U.S. school shootings were committed by teens taking prescribed psychotropic drugs known to cause violent and suicidal behavior. At least five teens responsible for school mas- sacres had undergone “anger management” or other psychological behavior modification programs such as “death education.” Anger management aims at curbing aggressive or violent behavior. No data exists to prove it has any positive effect. For decades, schools around the world have taught “death education,” a psychological experiment in which children are made to discuss suicide and what they would like placed on their coffins, and write their own epitaphs — to “get kids more comfortable with death.” Columbine, Colorado high school shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold are prime examples of the failure of “anger management” and “death education.” Harris was also taking an antidepressant that can cause violent mania. He and Klebold had attended court- ordered psychological counseling, including “anger management.” As part of a school “death education” program Harris was told to imagine his own death. He later dreamt that he and Klebold went on a shooting rampage in a shopping center. After turning the story of the dream in to his teacher, Harris and Klebold acted it out by killing 12 students and a teacher, before shooting themselves.24 In February 2004, 15-year-old Andreas of Germany shot and killed his foster father. He had been undergo- ing psychiatric treatment for years and was taking prescribed psychotropic drugs.25 On May 17, 2004, 19-year-old Ryan Furlough of Maryland was convicted of the 2001 first-degree murder of a school friend. Ryan was taking several prescribed antidepressants at the time of the killing. In Japan, a 14-year-old beheaded his 11-year-old friend, while another teen stabbed an elderly neighbor to death because he wanted to experience killing someone.26 A dramatic increase in school violence has also been reported in Canada, Israel and France.27 Psychiatric drugs and psychological practices have been The combination of psychological value systems with violence-inducing psychiatric drugs is a powder keg behind the rising violence in U.S. high schools, such as waiting for a spark. the shootings at Columbine in 1999. IMPORTANT FACTS

Houston psychiatrist Theodore Pearlman says of the DSM-IV, “There are too many diagnoses without any objective basis or 1 biological support.” Harvard University Medical School’s Dr. Joseph Glenmullen states, “[T]he current DSM are … cursory, superficial menus of symptoms. … 2 Any attempt to help patients understand themselves and to effect real change is lost in the rush to diagnose and medicate them.”

Despite their lack of scientific validity, the DSM/ICD are used heavily as diagnostic tools, not only 3 for individual treatment but also for child custody battles, court testimony, education and more.

When legislators “think about mental health, they think about schizophrenia,” says Karen Ignagni, 4 President, American Association of Health Plans. “I don’t think they are aware of … terms used … which could increase costs for conditions that are not supported by the scientific research.” CHAPTER TWO Harmful Psychiatric Labeling

sychiatrists proclaim a worldwide epi- or trade rested on such a lack of validity, we demic of mental health problems and might say that the lack of validity was instru- urge massive funding increases as the mental in a commitment of fraud. The Diagnostic only solution. But, before we commit and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) published by the more millions, do we know enough American Psychiatric Association … is notorious Pabout the “crisis?” To answer this, it is first for low scientific validity.”29 necessary to understand more about psychiatry With the DSM under attack from all sides, and its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental governments must be warned that they cannot Disorders (DSM). rely on the statistics derived from the DSM or ICD Dr. Thomas Dorman, internist and member (International Classification of Diseases) for mental of the Royal College of health funding decisions. Physicians of the United Funds are appropriated Kingdom and Canada, for a general “mental wrote in 2002: “In short, “The way to sell health crisis” that does not the whole business of factually exist, but is fab- creating psychiatric drugs is to sell ricated by psychiatry to categories of ‘disease,’ perpetuate their bloated formalizing them with psychiatric illness.” budgets. consensus, and subse- Funding is thus quently ascribing diag- diverted from work- nostic codes to them, — Carl Elliot, bioethicist, able programs that can which in turn leads to University of Minnesota resolve the social prob- their use for insurance lems psychiatry has failed billing, is nothing but an to solve. extended racket furnishing psychiatry a pseudo- scientific aura. The perpetrators are, of course, The Unscientific Basis for feeding at the public trough.”28 Mental Disorder Diagnosis In 1995, psychologist Jeffrey A. Schaler said: While medicine’s scientific procedures are veri- “The notion of scientific validity, though not fiable, psychiatry’s lack of any systematic approach an act, is related to fraud. Validity refers to the to mental health and, most importantly, its contin- extent to which something represents or mea- ued lack of measurable results, have contributed sures what it purports to represent or measure. greatly to its declining reputation, both among sci- When diagnostic measures do not represent ence-based professions and the population at large. what they purport to represent, we say that the The development in 1948 of the sixth edition measures lack validity. If a business transaction of the World Health Organization’s ICD, which

CHAPTER TWO Harmful Psychiatric Labeling 11 incorporated psychiatric disorders (as diseases) were developed by majority vote on the level for the first time, and the publication of DSM we would use to choose a restaurant. You feel in the United States in 1952, were psychia- like Italian, I feel like Chinese, so let’s go to a try’s early steps towards a system of diagnosis. cafeteria. Then it’s typed into the computer. It They represented an attempt to emulate and may reflect on our naiveté, but it was our belief gain acceptance from medicine, which, over the that there would be an attempt to look at things course of many centuries, had earned a reputa- scientifically.”30 tion for being able to resolve physical ailments. Dr. Margaret Hagen, professor of psychol- “Mental disorders” are established by a vote ogy at Boston University, summarily dismisses of APA Committee members. A psychologist the DSM: “Given their farcical ‘empirical’ pro- attending DSM hearings said, “The low level cedures for arriving at new disorders with of intellectual effort was shocking. Diagnoses their associated symptoms lists, where does the American Psychiatric Association get off DSM-IV listed NUMBER OF MENTAL DISORDERS LISTED claiming a scientific, research-based foundation 374 disorders (each IN “DSM” SINCE ITS FIRST EDITION for its diagnostic manual? This is nothing more eligible for funding), than science by decree. They say it is science, so 31 up from 253 in the it is.” DSM IV In the absence of objective, scientific evi- previous edition and 374 112 in the first dence, psychiatry has decreed the following to be mental illnesses: edition in 1952. Expressive Language Disorder Phonological Disorder Caffeine Intoxication/Withdrawal Disorders Conduct Disorder Mathematics Disorder Nicotine Use or Withdrawal Disorder Non-Compliance with Treatment Disorder Separation Anxiety Disorder DSM IIIR Sibling Rivalry Disorder 253 Phase of Life Problem Sexual Abuse of a Child Problem In his book A Dose of Sanity the late neurologist 200 DSM III 224 and psychiatrist, Sydney Walker III, wrote of the dangers of the DSM, concluding, “It’s important to remember … that a number of DSM-oriented psychiatrists have, to a large degree, abandoned the science of differential diagnosis, and thus consider DSM II most psychiatric illnesses ‘incurable.’ This leaves 163 them with only two weapons: psychotherapy and drugs. It’s not surprising that they’re among the first to leap on each new drug bandwagon; like DSM I long-ago doctors who recommended bleeding for 112 every ailment, they have little else to offer.” 100

0 1952 1968 1980 1987 1994 PSYCHIATRIC DRUGS The Chemical Imbalance Lie

“We do not yet have In his 1998 book, proof either of the cause Blaming the Brain, biop- or the physiology for any sychologist Elliot S. psychiatric diagnosis. In Valenstein says the “bio- every instance where such chemical” theory is held an imbalance was thought onto because it is “use- to have been found, it was ful in promoting drug later proven false.” treatment.”34 — Joseph Glenmullen of In 2003, Australian Harvard Medical School, author of Prozac Backlash, 2001 psychologist Philip Owen Dr. Fred Baughman Elliot S. Valenstein warned: “The claim is con- tinually made that the uch of the drugs repair chemical information imbalances in the brain. about men- This claim is false.”35 M tal disorders that is pro- Psychiatrist Steven vided by psychiatrists or Sharfstein, then American pharmaceutical-funded Psychiatric Association psychiatric interest/sup- President, admitted in port groups, includes 2005, "we have no clear references such as cut lab tests" to determine “neurobiologically based a chemical imbalance in condition” or “treatable the brain. brain disorder.” Jonathan Leo, Reputable physicians professor of anatomy agree that for a disease at Western University to exist, there must be a of Health Sciences, tangible, objective physical and Professor David abnormality that can be Cohen of the School of determined through tests Social Work at Florida such as, but not limited BOGUS BRAIN THEORY: Presented in countless Inter national University, to, blood or urine, X-ray, popular magazines, the public has been assailed with the latest reviewed 33 of the brain scan or biopsy. No theory of what is wrong with the brain. What is lacking, as most recent brain- scientific evidence exists with all psychiatric pontificating, is scientific fact. As imaging studies of that would prove that ADHD-diagnosed sub- ADHD is a “brain-based Dr. Valenstein explains, “There are no tests available for jects. They confirmed disease” or that a chemi- assessing the chemical status of a living person’s brain.” that every study con- cal imbalance in the brain cerned medicated chil- is responsible for any mental disorder. dren, a major variable because stimulant drugs Pediatric neurologist Dr. Fred Baughman, Jr. “cause very persistent changes in the brain.” states that claiming ADHD is a “disease” or “neuro- They also reviewed a 2001 National Institute of biological” condition makes it so “real and terrible that Mental Health (NIMH) study, widely promoted the parent who dares not to believe in it, or allow its by psychiatrists, which claimed that unmedicated treatment, is likely to be deemed negligent, and no ADHD children had significantly smaller brains. longer deserving of custody of their child. … This is a However, the comparison group was two years perversion of science and medicine and is a lie.”32 older, so naturally the younger children had Ty C. Colbert, a clinical psychologist and author, smaller brains.36 says: “Biopsychiatrists have created the myth that Psychiatric assertions of “chemical imbalances” and psychiatric ‘wonder’ drugs correct chemical imbal- “treatable brain disorders” are always accompanied by ances. Yet there is no basis for this model because no a strong pretense of scientific rigor, but are in fact no chemical imbalance has ever been proven to be the more than anecdotal reports. basis of a mental illness.”33 IMPORTANT FACTS

Despite more than $6 billion (€4.89 billion) in taxpayer money spent on psychiatric research, Rex Cowdry, Director of the 1 U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, said, “We do not know the causes [of mental illness]. We don’t have the methods of ‘curing’ these illnesses yet.”

The European Commission found that, despite reforms, involuntary commitment has increased and many patients 2 remain inadequately informed about their rights.

Community Mental Health programs have been an expensive and colossal failure, 3 creating homelessness, drug addiction, crime and unemployment all over the world.

Mental health courts assert that criminal behavior is caused by a psychiatric problem and that 4 treatment will stop the behavior. There is no evidence to support this. CHAPTER THREE Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry

hile proponents of commit- Most commitment laws are based on the ment and enforced psychi- concept that a person may be a danger to himself atric treatment argue they or others if not placed in an institution. However, are protecting the person’s an APA task force admitted in a 1979 Amicus “right to treatment,” a Curiae Brief to the U.S. Supreme Court, “Psychi- strongW opposition points out that because of atric expertise in the prediction of ‘dangerous- their far-reaching powers, involuntary commit- ness’ is not established.” ment laws — including forcing “treatment” onto Kimio Moriyama, vice president of the people in the community — are totalitarian. Japanese Psychiatrists Association, expressed Michael McCubbin, Ph.D., associate researcher, psychiatry’s inability to foresee correctly what and David Cohen, Ph.D., a person’s future professor of social servic- behavior might be: es, both of the University “It is dishonest to pretend “A patient’s mental of Montreal, say that that caring coercively for the mentally disease and criminal the “‘right to treatment’ tendency are essen- is today more often the ill invariably helps him, and that tially different, and ‘right’ to receive forced abstaining from such coercion is it is impossible for treatment.”37 tantamount to ‘withholding treatment’ medical science to George Hoyer, pro- tell whether someone fessor of community from him. … All history teaches us to has a high potential medicine at the Uni versity beware of benefactors who deprive their to repeat an offense,” of Tromsoe in Norway, beneficiaries of liberty.” he said.39 Another wrote, “Seriously men- expert stated, “When — Thomas Szasz, professor of psychiatry emeritus tally disordered patients it comes to predict- neither lack insight, nor is ing violence, our their competency impaired to the degree previously crystal balls are terribly cloudy.”40 believed.”38 Individuals are sometimes forced to pay Robert Hayes, formerly of the Australian for a legal defense against treatment that they Law Reform Commission, stated, “The fact [is] do not want and against incarceration that con- that mental illness is rarely defined, even in sumes their insurance coverage. This occurs in the psychiatric textbooks, that faith in psychiatry United States, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, is not always borne out by results … and that Luxemburg and the Netherlands.41 This is without … a real prospect of useful curative comparable to being kidnapped and imprisoned, treatment, commitment to a hospital may be only to be ordered later by the court to pay the oppressive.” kidnapper for room and board.

CHAPTER THREE Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry 15 Community Mental Health In 1955, a five-year inquiry by the U.S. Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health recommended replacing institutions with Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs). According to Henry A. Foley, Ph.D., and Steven S. Sharfstein, M.D., authors of Madness in Government, “Psychiatrists gave the impression to elected officials that cures were the rule, not the exception” and “inflated expectations went unchallenged.” Cost estimates recommended doubling the mental health budget within five years, and tripling it in ten. Europe followed suit about a decade later, with Holland, Belgium and England adopting community mental health in the hope of greater efficiency and reduced costs.42 “On the contrary,” later wrote Dr. Dorine Baudin of the Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, “it appears to be more expensive.”43 Furthermore, it created homelessness, drug addiction, crime, disturbance to public peace and order, unemployment and intol- erance of deviance.44 In truth, the CMHCs became legalized drug dealerships that not only supplied drugs to former 6,242% mental hospital patients, but also supplied psychiatric prescriptions to individuals not suffering from “serious mental problems.” As a result, as author Peter Schrag wrote in Spending on Community Mind Control, by the mid-seventies, enough neuroleptic (nerve seizing) drugs and antidepressants Mental Health Centers “were being prescribed outside hospitals to keep (CMHCs) has increased over 100 some three to four million people medicated full- times faster than the increase in number time — roughly ten times the number who, accord- of people using CMHC clinics. ing to the [psychiatrists’] own arguments, are so crazy that they would have to be locked up in Despite eating up taxpayer billions, hospitals if there were no drugs.” the clinics have failed their patients and After a decade of the Community Mental become little more than legalized drug Health program, consumer advocate Ralph Nader dealerships for the homeless. called it a “highly touted but failing social innovation.” It “already bears the familiar pattern of past 607% Increase Increase mental health promises that were initiated amid in use = in cost = great moral fervor, raised false hopes of imminent solutions and wound up only recapitulating the U.S. CMHC and U.S. CMHC and 45 psychiatric outpatient psychiatric outpatient problems they were to solve.” clinics increase in usage clinics increase in cost

CHAPTER THREE Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry 16 Other countries experienced simi- were actively involved in assertive community lar outcomes. In Australia in 1993, federal treatment programs continued to have fre- Human Rights Commissioner Brian Burdekin quent contacts with the criminal justice system announced that de-institutionalization was a … those clients who were the most criminally “fraud” and a failure. In 1999, British officials active were receiving the most expensive set also acknowledged the failure of community of services.”48 mental health care.46 Wolff states further: “This type of special As for the funding of CMHCs and status for offenders who have mental illness psychiatric outpatient clinics, the fact is that holds the illness responsible for the behavior, psychiatry’s budget in the United States not the individual, and as such, opens the soared from $143 million in 1969 to over $11 opportunity for individuals to use illness to billion today — a more than 6,000% increase excuse behavior.”49 in funding, while increasing by only 10 times In a review of 20 mental health courts, the number of people the Bazelon Center receiving psychiatric for Mental Health treatment. Law found that these Community Mental Health Centers courts “may func- Mental became legalized drug dealerships tion as a coercive Health Courts agent — in many ways “I cannot imag- that not only supplied drugs to former similar to the contro- ine a more dangerous mental hospital patients, but also versial intervention, branch than an unre- outpatient commit- strained judiciary supplied psychiatric prescriptions to ment — compelling full of amateur psy- individuals not suffering from an individual to par- chiatrists poised to ticipate in treatment ‘do good’ rather than “serious mental problems.” under threat of court to apply the law,” sanctions. However, said Judge Morris the services available B. Hoffman of the District Court, Denver, to the individual may be only those offered by Colorado.47 a system that has already failed to help. Too “Mental health courts” are facilities estab- many public mental health systems offer little lished to deal with arrests for misdemeanors more than medication.” or non-violent felonies. Rather than punishing In summary, there are clear indicators individuals or allowing them to take respon- that governments’ endorsement of mental sibility for their crimes, they are diverted to health courts and “community policing” (as it a psychiatric treatment center on the premise is referred to in some European countries) will that they suffer from “mental illness.” see more patients forced into a life of mentally Nancy Wolff, Ph.D., Director of the Center and physically dangerous drug consumption for Mental Health Services and Criminal Justice and dependence, with no hope of a cure. Research, reports, “There is no evidence to Only an independent and critical assess- show that mental illness per se is the principal ment of psychiatric programs such as the or proximate cause of offending behavior. … Community Mental Health plan will uncover Although believing in treatment as a protec- their actual costs to governments and commu- tive shield is appealing … most clients who nities, in dollars and in social blight.

CHAPTER THREE Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry 17 CASE REPORTS Abused in Institutions ith billions in government appro- windows in darkness. Her arms and legs were priations allocated for mental health strapped for months at a time. Others in the Wtreatment, just how safe and effective facility were forced to sit motionless and silent for are psychiatric institutions? The following cases 12-hour stretches. “I had to eat Thanksgiving and illustrate the dangers of a system that lacks scien- Christmas dinner in restraints,” Ms. Stafford said. tific understanding “There’s not a day of causes of men- that goes by that tal health problems, you don’t think with a subsequent about it.”51 lack of workable In 2003, remedies and the Masami Houki, head terrible consequenc- of Houki Psychiatric es that result. Clinic in Japan, was A psychiat- charged with man- ric nurse found a slaughter after he 53-year-old man plugged the mouth unresponsive 12 of a 31-year-old hours after he female patient with had been medi- tissue and adhesive cated for “hostile, tape, injected her cursing behavior.” with a tranquilizer, The man died within tied her hands and hours. An autopsy feet, and forced her revealed that he suf- “The time that psychiatrists to lie on the back fered from multiple seat of a car while sclerosis (MS). Facility considered they could cure the being transferred to staff thought “MS” mentally ill is gone. In the future, the the clinic. She was on his admission dead on arrival. form meant “mental mentally ill will have to learn to In Athens, status.” Greece, the Ntaou Carl McCloskey live with their illness.” Pendeli psychiat- says his son, John, — Norman Sartorius, former president ric institution kept 19, was sodomized children in a ward with a broom-like World Psychiatric Association, 1994 with mentally hand- handle in a psychiat- icapped adults. ric hospital, tearing Some of the chil- his bowel and puncturing his liver. The teenager dren were naked; all were housed in cold, became violently ill, lapsed into a coma and died barren rooms and often left to lie in their own 14 months later.50 feces and urine. A teenager had been locked Seventeen-year-old Kelly Stafford agreed up for years after he misbehaved when his to enter a psychiatric facility, expecting a brief father left his mother for another woman. He respite from troubled family relationships. But witnessed horrors such as the rape of other once the door was closed, she was kept for 309 children by psychiatric nurses. days, many of them spent behind blackened An 8-year-old from Massachusetts, who

CHAPTER THREE Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry 18 suffered from epilepsy, was rushed by his parents an understandable history of mental instability, to the hospital for a medication adjustment after to an institution. The psychiatrist relied solely he experienced hallucinations. Instead of adjust- on reports by family members. To carry out the ing his medication, staff committed him to a psy- involuntary commitment, police broke down the chiatric facility. It took the frantic parents an entire door to her house, handcuffed her and shoved day to secure his transfer to a medical hospital for her down the stairs. She suffered a heart attack appropriate care. and died. Dana Davis was slammed face down on his Psychiatrists in Germany involuntarily com- living room floor and handcuffed by police before mitted a 79-year-old woman because neighbors his horrified wife and 6-year-old son. This occurred reported she had acted “strangely.” Despite her after he walked out of the office of a psychiatrist long-term diabetes and liver, kidney and heart he didn’t like. As he was leaving, she asked, “Can conditions, she was prescribed between five and you promise you will not commit suicide between 20 times the normal dosage of powerful tranquil- now and our next meeting?” Jokingly he quipped, izers. Six days later the woman had to be rushed “I’m no soothsayer!” Thirty minutes later, the three to a hospital emergency room, where she died. police officers were taking him to the hospital Doctors reported she had needed urgent medical where he was found not suicidal and released. attention at least a day earlier and the autopsy A psychiatrist committed Ruchla “Rose” showed that she died of breathing difficulties Zinger, a 64-year-old Holocaust survivor with — a complication of tranquilizers.

CHAPTER THREE Coercive ‘Care’ in Psychiatry 19 IMPORTANT FACTS

Studies show that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) creates irreversible brain damage, permanent memory loss and may result in death. Up to 300 1 patients die each year from ECT in the U.S.

The U.S. Medicare health insurance program stopped coverage of “multiple seizure” electroshock treatment, after an investigation revealed the 2 practice is unworkable and places patients at severe risk.

Many medical studies reveal that psychiatric drugs create violence. The newer neuroleptic (antipsychotic) 3 drugs cause severe debilitating and potentially deadly effects.

These drugs, once touted as “wonder pills,” cause blindness, fatal blood clots, heart arrhythmia 4 (irregularity), swollen and leaking breasts, impotence and sexual dysfunction, blood disorders, seizures, birth defects, extreme inner-anxiety and diabetes. CHAPTER FOUR Psychiatry’s Destructive ‘Treatments’

hen governments and courts lyzed, whereupon it could be easily killed. Cerletti are lobbied to strengthen decided to develop this technique for use on humans involuntary commitment and to control their behavior. commu nity treatment laws, Documented studies show that ECT creates irre- and to establish “mental health versible brain damage, often causes permanent loss of courts”W to promote treatment rather than punish- memory and may result in death. ment, they are never told of the lack of scientific basis A 1994 British paper stated, “contrary to the for psychiatric methods, of the consequences of those claims of ECT experts and the ECT industry, a treatments for the patient or of the lack of account- majority, not ‘a small minority,’ of ECT recipients ability for those treatment outcomes. sustain permanent memory dysfunction each year as a result of ECT.”53 Electroshock A 2001 Columbia and Psychosurgery University study found Despite the general “Nobody understands … ECT so ineffective at belief that electroshock precisely how ECT does anything. ridding patients of their treatment stopped when But … there’s really no possibility depression that nearly the character played by all who receive it relapse Jack Nicholson died of disputing that ECT causes within six months.54 in One Flew Over the damage to the brain. It’s just a Because of the Cuckoo’s Nest, it is still question of how subtle or how brain damage associ- widely used. More than ated with ECT, today a 100,000 Amer i cans are coarse or gross is it and how new approach, repeti- given ECT each year; long does it last.” tive transcranial (pass- two-thirds of these are ing through the skull) women.52 — Dr. Colin Ross, psychiatrist magnetic stimulation, Electroshock — also is being pushed as the known as electroconvul- latest “solution.” A psy- sive therapy, shock treatment and ECT — was pio- chiatrist uses a hand-held wire coil to produce a neered by psychiatrist Ugo Cerletti in the mid-1930s. controlled, rapidly fluctuating magnetic field. Around In a Rome slaughterhouse, Cerletti witnessed butch- 1,000 magnetic waves pulse through the brain over a ers incapacitate pigs with electricity before slitting 10- to 15- minute period, supposedly “stimulating” the their throats. The attendants would walk through the brain. While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pig pens with a large pair of electrically wired pincers has not approved the new procedure, it is nonetheless with electrodes on each pincer arm. Once electro- being inflicted on patients experimentally and costs up shocked, the animal would fall to the ground para- to $3,000 (?2,444) for a course of 20 treatments.

CHAPTER FOUR Psychiatry’s Destructive ‘Treatments’ 21 Today, the administration of electroshock brings 300 operations are still performed every year in the in an estimated $5 billion annually to the psychiatric United States, including the “prefrontal lobotomy.” industry in the U.S. alone. In Russia, over the course of 2 years, 100 psycho- In psychosurgery’s heyday in the 1940s and 50s, surgery operations were conducted on teenage drug the psychiatric community successfully convinced state addicts in St. Petersburg. “They drilled my head with- governments that psychosurgery could reduce their out any anesthetic,” Alexander Lusikian said. “They mental health budgets. It was a lie. kept drilling and cauterizing [burning] exposed areas Unlike medical brain surgery that alleviates actual of my brain … blood was everywhere. … During the physical conditions, psychosurgery attempts to brutal- three or four days after the operation … the pain in my ly alter behavior by destroying perfectly healthy brain head was so terrible, it was as if it had been beaten tissue. By the late 1940s, the crippling and lethal effects by a baseball bat. And when the pain passed a little, I of psychosurgery were well known to psychiatrists again felt the desire to take drugs.” Within two months, and included meningitis Alexander reverted to (serious infectious disease drugs.55 in the brain), a death and Today the administration One new procedure, suicide rate of up to 10% “deep brain stimulation,” and epileptic seizures in of electroshock brings in an where wires are thread- 50% of recipients. estimated $5 billion annually ed through the skull to Although psycho- a battery pack implanted surgery has largely fallen to the psychiatric industry in the chest, producing a into disuse today, up to in the U.S. alone. high-frequency current

CHAPTER FOUR Psychiatry’s Destructive ‘Treatments’ 22 in the brain — costs around $50,000 per operation. Governments should be aware that psychosurgery and ECT are unscientific, abusive practices that bear no resemblance to therapy, and they provide no individual or community gain. They should be abolished in the interest of protecting the patients, their families and the larger community.

Abuse Cases Psychiatrists persist in inflicting psychosurgery and electroshock on patients even though no valid medical or scientific justification exists for these practices. After more than 60 years, psychiatrists can neither explain how they are supposed to work nor justify their extensive damage. When Jennifer Martin’s 70-year-old mother experienced headaches and nausea and stopped eating and talking, a psychiatrist claimed she was in shock from recent deaths in her family and gave her ECT. Less than 24 hours later she was dead. An autopsy revealed that the problem was not depression, but a brain stem complication. “Shock treatment killed her,” Ms. Martin said. A grieving husband says a psychiatrist recommended electroshock for his wife, Dorothy, because it would release a chemical in the brain that would make her feel better. Although aware of her earlier heart attacks, the psychiatrist administered 38 electroshocks. The last one killed her. In 2001, the New Zealand government was forced to formally apologize and pay $6.5 million (?5.3 million) to 95 former patients of the Lake Alice Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit for torture and abuse they suffered at the direction of psychiatrist Selwyn Leeks in the 1970s. ECT had been applied to victims’ legs, arms and genitals without anesthetic. At 28, Gwen Whitty was a wife and mother of two with another child on the way. When she developed diffi- culty breathing, psychiatrist Harry Bailey recommended “deep sleep therapy” for a “rest” — which turned out to involve heavy doses of barbiturates and sedatives while shackled to a bed, kept unconscious for two to three weeks, and given repeated electroshock. Ten years later, a doctor discovered two jagged steel plates in her head, attached to the bone by Bailey to cover holes in her skull.

VICTIMS’ BATTLE FOR JUSTICE: More than 1,000 people were subjected to Deep Sleep Therapy (DST) in Sydney, Australia. The deadly combination of a drug-induced coma and electroshock ultimately killed 48 people before it was banned in 1983. One of the surviving victims, Gwen Whitty (highlighted), was shackled to a bed, kept unconscious for two to three weeks and given repeated electroshock, then psychosurgery. themselves — including the newest neuroleptics or antipsychotics — that can create the very violence or mental incompetence they are prescribed to treat. An investigation into a commonly prescribed tranquilizer, reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry, found that 58% of the treated patients experienced serious “dyscontrol,” i.e., violence and loss of control compared with only 8% who were given a placebo. Episodes included “deep neck cuts,” “tried to break own arm,” “threw chair at child,” “arm and head banging,” and “jumped in front of car.” The findings revealed the patient who threw a chair at her child had no history of physical violence toward the child. The patient who cut her neck had no previous episodes “These drugs … attack from of self-mutilation.57 One study deter- so deep inside you, you cannot mined that 50% of all locate the source of the pain. … fights in a psychiatric Dangerous Drugs ward could be linked to As Jack Henry You are overwhelmed because neuroleptic drugs, which Abbott observed in his you cannot get relief.” induced a side effect called book, In the Belly of the akathisia (severe restless- Beast, “These drugs … — Jack Henry Abbott, ness). Patients described attack from so deep In the Belly of the Beast that they experienced inside you, you cannot “violent urges to assault locate the source of the anyone near.”58 pain. … The muscles of your jawbone go berserk, A New Zealand report stated that withdrawal so that you bite the inside of your mouth and your from psychoactive drugs can cause new symptoms. jaw locks and the pain throbs. For hours every day Antidepressants, according to the report, can cre- this will occur. Your spinal column stiffens so that ate “agitation, severe depression, hallucinations, you can hardly move your head or your neck and aggressiveness, hypomania [abnormal excitement] sometimes your back bends like a bow and you can- and akathisia.”59 not stand up. … You ache with restlessness, so you Dr. Joseph Glenmullen warns, “Mistaking with- feel you have to walk, to pace … in such wretched drawal for a return of their original symptoms, many anxiety you are overwhelmed, because you cannot patients restart the medication, needlessly prolonging get relief.”56 their exposure to the drug.”60 Whenever a “mental patient” commits an act Robert Whitaker’s research established that of senseless violence, psychiatrists invariably blame when patients abruptly stop taking neuroleptics they the tragedy on the person’s failure to continue “would likely suffer intense withdrawal symptoms, his medication. Such incidents are used to justify and they would be at much higher risk of relapsing mandated community treatment and involuntary than if they had never been exposed to the drugs. commitment laws. The use of neuroleptics diminished the possibility Statistics and facts show it is psychiatric drugs that a person, distraught in mind and soul when

CHAPTER FOUR Psychiatry’s Destructive ‘Treatments’ 24 first treated, could ever return to a healthy, non- medicated life.”61 While heralded by psychiatrists as new “wonder drugs” with fewer side effects than their predeces- sors, the latest neuroleptics actually have even more severe side effects: blindness, fatal blood clots, heart arrhythmia, heat stroke, swollen and leaking breasts, impotence and sexual dysfunction, blood disorders, painful skin rashes, seizures, birth defects and extreme inner-anxiety and restlessness. The Wall Street Journal reported that over an 8-year period , 288 patients taking the new antipsychotics developed diabetes; 75 became severely ill and 23 died. The New York Times reported, “… the states, which pay enormous sums for the atypicals [new drugs] in caring for the severely mentally ill, are questioning whether the benefits of the new drugs are worth their costs.”62 The state can treat 8 to 10 people with an older neuroleptic for the same price of treating one patient with a month’s supply of one of the atypicals. In 2002, Ohio, one of America’s larger states, spent $174 million (?142 million) on antipsychotic drugs, close to $145 million (?119 million) of that on atypicals.63 In May 2003, researchers presented a study on the cost effectiveness of one atypical neuroleptic in treating patients at 17 Veterans Affairs medical centers. The study, led by Dr. Robert Rosenheck, a professor of psychiatry and public health at Yale, found that the drug cost from $3,000 (?2,444) to $9,000 (?7,334) more than earlier drugs per patient, with no benefit to symptoms, Parkinson’s-like side effects or overall quality of life.64 International anti-psychotic drug sales are more than $16 billion (? 12.6 billion) annually. As reported by Whitaker, the new neuroleptics are “a story of science marred by greed, deaths, and the deliberate deception of the … public.” Switzerland’s Dr. Marc Rufer says that prescribing massive dosages of drugs only makes people dependent upon psychiatrists and the drugs administered to them.65

“The states, which pay enormous sums for the atypicals [new drugs] in caring for the severely mentally ill, are questioning whether the benefits of the new drugs are worth their costs.” — New York Times, 2003 DISASTROUS EFFECTS Restraint Deaths and Abuse eing denied human rights is not the only Steps taken to curb the death toll have had loss that a patient risks in psychiatry’s coer- little effect. Despite the passage of restrictive Bcive system. The patient’s life can be at risk federal regulations in the United States in 1999, from chemical and physical restraints. Today, another nine children had died of suffocation or there are several methods used — all violent, all cardiac arrest from violent restraint procedures potentially lethal — in which hospital staff physi- by 2002. cally and brutally restrict a patient’s movement, A sampling of horrific restraint deaths usually just before drugging him or her into follows: unconsciousness. In 1998, 16-year-old Tristan Sovern was Mechanical restraints include straitjackets, held face down by at least two mental health leather belts or straps that cuff around each ankle assistants with his arms crossed under his body. and wrist. Debilitating drugs are administered When he screamed, “You’re choking me … I as a means of chemical control and frequently can’t breathe,” staff at the U.S. psychiatric facility induce violent responses. shoved a large towel over his mouth and tied a A lawsuit in Den- bed sheet around his mark revealed that head. Tristan died of hospitals received Roshelle was slammed face asphyxiation. additional funding for The night before treating violent patients. down on the floor, her arms 15-year-old Edith Harvard psychiatrist yanked across her chest, her Campos was sent Kenneth Clark reported to Desert Hills psy- that in America patients wrists gripped from behind by chiatric facility in are often provoked to a mental health aide. “I can’t Tucson, Arizona, she justify placing them in made colorful com- restraints, also resulting breathe,” she gasped. Her last puter drawings for her in higher insurance words as she died were ignored. family. If her mother reimbursements — at missed her, all she least $1,000 a day. needed to do was look The more violent a patient becomes — or is at the picture and think of her daughter and that made — the more money the psychiatrist or facility she would soon be home. Two weeks later, Edith makes. came home in a coffin. During the time she was In 1999, it was revealed by the Hartford hospitalized, her parents were not allowed to Courant that up to 150 restraint deaths occur speak to her. Edith apparently died of asphyxi- without accountability every year in the United ation, her chest compressed when she was held States alone. At least 13 of the deaths over a two- to the ground for at least 10 minutes after report- year period were children, some as young as six edly raising her fist during a confrontation with years old. staff members.66

CHAPTER FOUR Psychiatry’s Destructive ‘Treatments’ 26 On August 18, 1997, 16-year-old Roshelle and began CPR, it was too late. Roshelle never Clayborne died during restraint at a psychi- revived. atric facility in San Antonio, Texas. Roshelle In 1998, psychiatric staff forced 13-year-old was slammed face down on the floor, her arms Canadian Stephanie Jobin to lie face down on the yanked across her chest, her wrists gripped floor while they placed a beanbag chair on top from behind by a mental health aide. ‘’I can’t of her. A female staff member sat on a chair to breathe,’’ she gasped. Her last words were pin her down while another staff member held ignored. A syringe delivered 50 milligrams of her feet. She had already been dosed with five Thorazine into her body and with eight staffers different psychiatric drugs. After 20 minutes of watching, Roshelle became suddenly still. Blood struggling, Stephanie stopped breathing and later trickled from the corner of her mouth as she lost died. Her death was ruled an accident. control of her bodily functions. Her limp body was In Denmark in 2002, a patient who was pun- rolled into a blanket and ished by being put into dumped in an 8-by-10- restraints was compen- foot room. There she “I had to eat Thanksgiving and sated in a damages suit lay in her own waste Christmas dinner in restraints. against the treating psy- and vomit for five chiatrist. This was the minutes before any- There’s not a day that goes by first time ever that com- one noticed she hadn’t that you don’t think about it.” pensation was awarded moved. By the time a to a patient harmed by registered nurse arrived — K. Stafford, 17 years old, the restraint procedure. psychiatric victim IMPORTANT FACTS

Proper medical screening by non-psychiatric diagnostic specialists could eliminate more than 40% of 1 psychiatric admissions. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has recommended more research into “the impact of 2 proper tutoring and educational solutions for children exhibiting ADHD symptoms, into behavioral effects of such medical problems as allergies or toxic reactions, and into alternative forms of treatment such as diet.”

In 2002, the U.S. President’s Commission on Excellence in Special Education found that 40% 3 of American children [2.8 million] in Special Education programs labeled with “learning disorders” had simply never been taught to read.

The DSM is the key to escalating mental illness statistics and psychotropic drug usage worldwide. 4 Untold harm and colossal waste of mental health funds occur because of it. The DSM diagnostic system must be abandoned before real mental health reform can occur. CHAPTERBetter FIVE Solutions

ccording to psychiatric thinking, exist, the wrong place to look for them is in the “solution” for everything from psychiatry. the most minor to most severe per- Medical studies have shown time and sonal problem is strictly limited to: again that for many patients, what appear to be 1. Diagnosing symptoms using mental problems are actually caused by an undi- Athe scientifically discredited Diagnostic and agnosed physical illness or condition. This does Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. not mean a “chemical imbalance” or a “brain- 2. Assigning a mental illness label. based disease.” It does not mean that mental 3. Designating a restrictive, generally coer- illness is physical. It does mean that ordinary cive and costly range of treatments. medical problems can affect behavior and out- As decades of psy- look. chiatric monopoly over According to a the world’s mental health California study, up to reflects, this uni lateral Medical studies have shown time and 40% of psychiatric facil- approach leads only ity admissions would be to upwardly spiraling again that for many patients, what unnecessary if patients mental illness statistics, appear to be mental problems were first properly continuously escalating are actually caused by an medically examined. funding demands — and This represents enor- away from cures. undiagnosed physical mous potential savings Fortunately, many illness or condition. in terms of dollars and non-psychiatric, humane suffering. and workable practices Former psychia- exist in the quest for trist William H. Philpott, the achievement and recovery of mental health, now a specialist in nutritional brain allergies, even for the most severely disturbed individuals. reports, “Symptoms resulting from B12 deficien- While psychiatry strenuously denies it, much cies range from poor concentration to stuporous knowledgeable and skillful help is administered depression, severe agitation and hallucinations. by non-psychiatric professionals. Evidence showed that certain nutrients could stop The following perspectives are present- neurotic and psychotic reactions and that the results ed in support of these courageous and caring could be immediate.”67 pioneers who dare to stand against the tide of Anorexia nervosa, a condition marked by psychiatric opinion. From their good work, the loss of appetite and self-starvation to the point reality is slowly emerging that, while answers of death, can be diminished with doses of zinc or to our mental health problems may already amino acids.

CHAPTER FIVE Better Solutions 29 Medical doctors have established that envi- If a child is labeled with “hyperactivity” ronmental toxins, mercury poisoning and aller- or a “learning disorder,” he or she should first gies can affect behavior and academic perfor- be tested for allergies, toxins or other medical mance and can create symptoms that are falsely problems. Tutoring and educational solutions that diagnosed as ADHD. Laura J. Stevens, author of consider the academic ability of the child should the book Twelve Effective Ways to Help Your ADD/ also be considered of primary importance. ADHD Child, says, “Gases, cleaning fluids, form- Funding should be directed to those men- aldehyde, scents and other chemicals can make tal health facilities that have a full complement a child irritable, inattentive, spacey, aggressive, of diagnostic equipment and competent medical depressed or hyperactive.”68 (non-psychiatric) doctors. Dr. L.M.J. Pelsser It should be estab- of the Research Center lished that before health for Hyperactivity and insurance coverage for ADHD in the Nether- While life is full of problems, mental health problems lands found that 62% of and sometimes those problems can be is provided, searching children diag nosed with and competent physi- “ADHD” showed sig- overwhelming, it is important for you to cal examinations must nificant improvements know that psychiatry, its diagnoses be undertaken to con- in behavior as a result and its drugs, are the wrong direction firm that no underly- of a change in diet ing, physical condition over a period of three to go. The drugs can only chemically is causing the person’s weeks.69 mask problems and symptoms; they mental condition. This Dr. Sydney Wal- cannot and never will be alone would save ker III, author of A Dose countless people from of Sanity, said that thou- able to solve problems. being unnecessarily and sands of children put falsely labeled and then on psychiatric drugs treated as mentally ill are simply “smart.” “They’re hyper, not because through the use of the DSM/ICD. their brains don’t work right, but because The same waste of lives and funding occurs they spend most of the day waiting for slower wherever the DSM is used to evaluate an students to catch up with them. These students individual’s mental health or actions. Although are bored to tears, and people who are bored a mammoth task, it is nevertheless vital that the fidget, wiggle, scratch, stretch, and (especially if DSM diagnostic system be universally rejected they are boys) start looking for ways to get into so as to make it possible for meaningful mental trouble.”70 health reform and advancement to occur.

CHAPTER FIVE Better Solutions 30 RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations

Mental health hospitals must be established to replace coercive psychiatric institutions. These must have medical diagnostic equipment, which non-psychiatric 1 medical doctors can use to thoroughly examine and test for all underlying physical problems that may be manifesting as disturbed behavior. Government and private funds should be channeled into this rather than into abusive psychiatric institutions and programs that have proven not to work.

Establish rights for patients and their insurance companies to receive refunds for mental health treatment which did not achieve the promised result or improve- 2 ment, or which resulted in proven harm to the individual, thereby ensuring that responsibility lies with the individual practitioner and psychiatric facility rather than the government or its agencies.

Clinical and financial audits must be done of all government-run and private 3 psychiatric facilities that receive government subsidies or insurance payments to ensure accountability and the compilation of statistics on admissions, treatment and deaths, without breaching patient confidentiality.

Establish or increase the number of psychiatric fraud investigation units to recover 4 funds that are embezzled in the mental health system. All mental disorders in the DSM should be validated by scientific, physical 5 evidence. Government, criminal, educational, judicial and other social agencies should not rely on the DSM/ICD-10 mental disorders section and no legislation should use this as a basis for determining the mental state, competency, educational standard or rights of any individual. 6 Abolish mental health courts and mandated community mental health treatment. The pernicious influence of psychiatry has wreaked havoc throughout society, 7 especially in hospitals, educational systems and prisons. Citizens groups and responsible government officials should work together to expose and abolish psychiatry’s hidden manipulation of society.

THE REAL CRISIS Recommendations 31 Citizens Commission on Human Rights International he Citizens Commission on Human CCHR’s work aligns with the UN Universal Rights (CCHR) was established in Declaration of Human Rights, in particular the following 1969 by the Church of Scientology precepts, which psychiatrists violate on a daily basis: to investigate and expose psychiatric Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty violations of human rights, and to and security of person. clean up the field of mental healing. Today, it has more than 250 chapters Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture in over 34 countries. Its board of advisors, called or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or TCommissioners, includes doctors, lawyers, educa- punishment. tors, artists, business professionals, and civil and Article 7: All are equal before the law and human rights representatives. are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. While it doesn’t provide medical or legal advice, it works closely with and supports medical Through psychiatrists’ false diagnoses, stig- doctors and medical practice. A key CCHR focus is matizing labels, easy-seizure commitment laws, psychiatry’s fraudulent use of subjective “diagnoses” brutal, depersonalizing “treatments,” thousands of that lack any scientific or medical merit, but which individuals are harmed and denied their inherent are used to reap financial benefits in the billions, human rights. mostly from the taxpayers or insurance carriers. CCHR has inspired and caused many hun- Based on these false diagnoses, psychiatrists justify dreds of reforms by testifying before legislative and prescribe life-damaging treatments, including hearings and conducting public hearings into psy- mind-altering drugs, which mask a person’s underly- chiatric abuse, as well as working with media, law ing difficulties and prevent his or her recovery. enforcement and public officials the world over.

CITIZENS COMMISSION on Human Rights 32 MISSION STATEMENT THE CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS investigates and exposes psychiatric violations of human rights. It works shoulder-to-shoulder with like-minded groups and individuals who share a common purpose to clean up the field of mental health. We shall continue to do so until psychiatry’s abusive and coercive practices cease and human rights and dignity are returned to all.

Dr. Ben Ngubane The Hon. LeAnna Washington Minister for Arts, Culture, Science Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: and Technology, South Africa: “Whereas, [CCHR] works to preserve “I congratulate CCHR for having identi- the rights of individuals as defined by the fied the inhumanity inflicted on the mentally ill Universal Declaration of Human Rights and and their untiring campaign to bring this to the to protect individuals from ‘cruel, inhuman world’s notice. As a country and government, or degrading treatment’ … the House of we will work with organizations such as CCHR Representatives of Pennsylvania congratulates seeking to protect all citizens from the type [CCHR International] … its noble humanitar- of terror and oppression experienced by the ian endeavors will long be remembered and majority of the citizens of South Africa during deeply appreciated.” apartheid.” Bob Simonds Th.D. The Hon. Raymond N. Haynes President, U.S. National Association California State Assembly: of Christian Educators: “CCHR is renowned for its long-standing “We are deeply grateful to CCHR work aimed at preventing the inappropriate for not only leading the fight to stop labeling and drugging of children. … The the criminal psychiatric abuse of contributions that the Citizens Commission on our public school children, but for Human Rights International has made to the serving as a catalyst to all religious, local, national and international areas on behalf parent and medical groups to fight of mental health issues are invaluable and reflect this abuse. Without CCHR’s compelling an organization devoted to the highest ideals of research and credibility, these groups mental health services.” could not be as effective.”

For further information: CCHR International 6616 Sunset Blvd. Los Angeles, CA, USA 90028 5FMFQIPOF Ú Ú'BY XXXDDISPSHÚFNBJMIVNBOSJHIUT!DDISPSH CCHR INTERNATIONAL Board of Commissioners CCHR’s Commissioners act David Egner, Ph.D. Steven Hayes, Esq. Harriet Schock in an official capacity to Seth Farber, Ph.D. Gregory Hession, J.D. Dennis Smith assist CCHR in its work to Mark Filidei, D.O. Sen. Karen Johnson Michelle Stafford reform the field of mental Nicolas Franceshetti, M.D. Erik Langeland, Esq. Cass Warner health and to secure rights Marta Garbos, Psy. D. Leonid Lemberick, Esq. Miles Watkins for the mentally ill. Howard Glasser, M.A. Vladimir Leonov, M.P. Kelly Yaegermann International President Patti Guliano, D.C. Lev Levinson Jan Eastgate Edward C. Hamlyn, M.D. Doug Linde, Esq. EDUCATION Citizens Commission Brett Hartman, Psy.D. Jonathan W. Lubell, LL.B. Dr. Samuel Blumenfeld on Human Rights Lawrence Hooper, M.D. Jeff Lustman Cassandra Casey International, Los Angeles Dr. Joseph Isaac Kendrick Moxon Gleb Dubov, Ph.D. National President Georgia Janisch, R.D. Rep. Curtis Oda Beverly Eakman Bruce Wiseman Dr. Derek Johnson Col. Stanislav Pylov Professor Antony Flew, Citizens Commission on Jonathan Kalman, N.D. Rep. Guadalupe Rodriguez Ph.D. Human Rights United Dr. Peter Kervorkian, D.C. Sandro Garcia Rojas Dr. Wendy Ghiora, Ph.D. States Professor Oleg Khilkevich Timothy Rosen, Esq. Professor Hector Herrera Citizens Commission on Kenichi Kozu, Ph.D. Steven Russell, Esq. Wendy McCants-Thomas Human Rights Board Eric Lambert, R. Ph. Rep. Aaron Tilton, (UT) Sonya Muhammad, M.S. Member Anna C. Law, M.D. Rep. Mark Thompson James Paicopolos Isadore M. Chait Richard Lippin, M.D. Rep. Michael Thompson Nickolai Pavlovsky Otani Logi Rep. Matt Throckmorton Anatoli Prokopenko Founding Lloyd McPhee Gayle Ruzicka Commissioner Dr. Bari Maddock ARTS, Joel Turtel Dr. Thomas Szasz, Joan Mathews-Larson, Ph.D. ENTERTAINMENT Shelley Ucinski Professor of Psychiatry Conrad Maulfair, D.O. & MEDIA Micheal Walker Emeritus at the State Colleen Maulfair Kirstie Alley Charles Whittman, III University of New York Clinton Ray Miller Anne Archer Health Science Center Dr. Robert Morgan Ph.D. Jennifer Aspen BUSINESS SCIENCE, MEDICINE & Craig Newnes Catherine Bell Lawrence Anthony HEALTH Gwen Olsen David Campbell Michael Baybak Mary Jo Pagel, M.D. Phillip Brown Rohit Adi, M.D. Raven Kane Campbell Ivan Alfonso, M.D. Vladimir Pshizov, M.D. Nancy Cartwright Luis Colon Professor Garland Allen Lawrence Retief, M.D. Kate Ceberano Bob Duggan Giorgio Antonucci, M.D. Franklin H. Ross, M.D. Chick Corea Joyce Gaines Ann Auburn, D.O. Megan Shields, M.D. Bodhi Elfman James A. Mackie Mark Barber, D.D.S. Allan Sosin, M.D. Jenna Elfman Cecilio Ramirez Lisa Bazler, B.A., M.A. David Tanton, Ph.D. Cerise Fukuji Sebastien Sainsbury Ryan Bazler, B.S., MBA William Tutman, Ph.D. Isaac Hayes Roberto Santos Margarethe von Beck, DLitt Tony Urbanek, M.D., D.D.S. Donna Isham et Phil Margaret von Beck, Ph.D. Mark Isham RELIGION Shelley Beckmann, Ph.D. Wanda von Kleist, Ph.D. Jason Lee Rev. Doctor Jim Nicholls Lisa Benest, M.D. Julian Whitaker, M.D. Geoff Levin Pastor Michael Davis Peter Bennet Spice Williams-Crosby, BSc, Gordon Lewis Bishop Samuel V.J. Rowland Mary Ann Block, D.O. MFS, CFT Juliette Lewis John Breeding, Ph.D. Michael Wisner John Mappin ACTIVISTS/HUMAN Lisa Cain Sergej Zapuskalov, M.D. Jaime Maussan RIGHTS Anthony Castiglia, M.D. Norman Zucker, M.D. Jim Meskimen Paul Bruhne Roberto Cestari, M.D. Tamra Meskimen Janice Hill James Chappell, D.C. N.D., POLITICS & LAW Marisol Nichols Nedra Jones. Ph. D. Ph.D. Rep. Russell Albert John Novello Elvira Manthey Beth Clay Lewis Bass, M.S., J.D. David Pomeranz Sheila Matthews Bishop David Cooper Timothy Bowles, Esq. Kelly Preston Lynette Riley-Mundine Jesus Corona Robert Butcher, LLB Tariz Nasim Ghulam Abbas Sajan Ann Y. Coxon, M.B., B.S. Robert E. Byron, LLC Kelly Patricia O’Meara William Tower Moira Dolan, M.D. Lars Engstrand Leah Remini Ishrat Nasim Mary Ann Durham, B.S. Guillermo Guzmán de la Lee Rogers Patricia Weathers Dan L. Edmunds, ED.D., Garza Carrina Ricco Allan Wohrnitz, B.Sc. M.A., B.C.S.A. Sandra Gorcia Rojas Raul Rubio Lloyd Wyles CCHR National Offices

CCHR Australia CCHR Finland CCHR Italy CCHR Russia Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission Citizens Commission on Human Rights Australia Human Rights Finland on Human Rights Italy Human Rights Russia P.O. Box 6402 Post Box 145 (Comitato dei Cittadini per i Borisa Galushkina #19A North Sydney 00511 Helsinki, Finland Diritti Umani ONLUS — CCDU) 129301, Moscow New South Wales 2059 Phone: 358-9-8594-869 Viale Monza 1 Russia CIS Australia 20125 Milano, Italy Phone: (495) 540-1599 Phone: 612-9964-9844 CCHR France &NBJMJOGP!DDEVPSH &NBJMDDIS!HUFMFDPNSV &NBJMDDISBO[P!UQHDPNBV Citizens Commission on Human Rights France CCHR Japan CCHR South Africa CCHR Austria (Commission des Citoyens pour Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on les Droits de l’Homme—CCDH) Human Rights Japan Human Rights South Africa Human Rights Austria BP 10076 2-11-7-7F Kitaotsuka P.O. Box 710 (Bürgerkommission für 75561 Paris Cedex 12 , France Toshima-ku Tokyo Johannesburg 2000 Menschenrechte Österreich) Phone: 33 1 40 01 09 70 170-0004, Japan Republic of South Africa Postfach 130 Fax: 33 1 40 01 05 20 Phone/Fax: 81 3 3576 1741 Phone: 011 27 11 624 3538 A-1072 Wien, Austria &NBJMDDEI!XBOBEPPGS E-mail: &NBJMTV[FUUF!DDISDP[B Phone: 43-1-877-02-23 DDISKBQBO!CQPTUQMBMBPSKQ &NBJMJOGP!DDISBU CCHR Germany CCHR Spain Citizens Commission on CCHR Latvia Citizens Commission on CCHR Belgium Human Rights Germany Citizens Commission on Human Rights Spain Citizens Commission on (Kommission für Verstöße Human Rights Latvia (Comisión de Ciudadanos por los Human Rights Belgium der Psychiatrie gegen Dzelzavas 80-48 Derechos Humanos—CCDH) (Belgisch comite voor de rechten Menschenrechte e.V.—KVPM) Riga, Latvia 1082 c/Maestro Arbos No 5 – 4 van de mens) Amalienstraße 49a Phone: 371-758-3940 Oficina 29 Postbus 338 80799 München, Germany &NBJMDDISMBUWJB!JOCPYMW 28045 Madrid, Spain 2800 Mechelen 3, Belgium Phone: 49 89 273 0354 Phone: 34-91-527-35-08 &NBJMJOGP!DDISEF Fax: 49 89 28 98 6704 CCHR Mexico E-mail: &NBJMLWQN!HNYEF Citizens Commission BENJOJTUSBUJPO!DDEIFT CCHR Canada on Human Rights Mexico Citizens Commission on CCHR Greece (Comisión de Ciudadanos por CCHR Sweden Human Rights Canada Citizens Commission on los Derechos Humanos—CCDH) Citizens Commission on 27 Carlton St., Suite 304 Human Rights Greece Cordobanes 47, San Jose Human Rights Sweden Toronto, Ontario P.O. Box 31268 Insurgents (Kommittén för Mänskliga M5B 1L2 Canada Athens 47, Postal Code 10-035 México 03900 D.F. Rättigheter—KMR) Phone: 1-416-971-8555 Athens, Greece Phone: 55-8596-5030 Box 2 E-mail: Phone: 210-3604895 E-mail: 124 21 Stockholm, Sweden PGGJDFNBOBHFS!POBJCODPN QSPUFHFMBTBMVENFOUBM!ZBIPPDPN Phone/Fax: 46 8 83 8518 CCHR Holland &NBJMJOGPLNS!UFMJBDPN CCHR Colombia Citizens Commission on CCHR Nepal Citizens Commission on Human Human Rights Holland Citizens Commission CCHR Switzerland Rights Colombia Postbus 36000 on Human Rights Nepal Citizens Commission P.O. Box 359339 1020 MA, Amsterdam P.O. Box 1679 on Human Rights Lausanne Bogota, Colombia Holland Kathmandu, Nepal (Commission des Citoyens pour Phone: 57-1-251-0377 Phone/Fax: 3120-4942510 Phone: 977-1-448-6053 les droits de l’Homme— CCDH) &NBJMDDEIDPM!IPUNBJMDPN &NBJMJOGP!ODSNOM &NBJMOFQBMDDIS!IPUNBJMDPN Case postale 5773 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland CCHR Czech Republic CCHR Hungary CCHR New Zealand Phone: 41 21 646 6226 Citizens Commission on Human Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on &NBJMDDISMBV!EQMBOFUDI Rights Czech Republic Human Rights Hungary Human Rights New Zealand Obcanská komise za Pf. 182 P.O. Box 5257 CCHR Taiwan lidská práva 1461 Budapest, Hungary Wellesley Street Citizens Commission on Václavské námestí 17 Phone: 36 1 342 6355 Auckland 1141, New Zealand Human Rights Taiwan 110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic Fax: 36 1 344 4724 Phone/Fax: 649 580 0060 Taichung P.O. Box 36-127 Phone/Fax: 420-224-009-156 &NBJMJOGP!DDISIV &NBJMDDIS!YUSBDPO[ Taiwan, R.O.C. &NBJMDDISD[!WPMOZD[ Phone: 42-471-2072 CCHR Israel CCHR Norway E-mail:UBPMBOOB!ZBIPPDPNUX CCHR Denmark Citizens Commission Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on on Human Rights Israel Human Rights Norway CCHR United Kingdom Human Rights Denmark P.O. Box 37020 (Medborgernes Citizens Commission on (Medborgernes Menneskerettig- 61369 Tel Aviv, Israel menneskerettighets-kommisjon, Human Rights United Kingdom hedskommission—MMK) Phone: 972 3 5660699 MMK) P.O. Box 188 Faksingevej 9A Fax: 972 3 5663750 Postboks 308 East Grinstead, West Sussex 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark &NBJMDDIS@JTS!OFUWJTJPOOFUJM 4803 Arendal, Norway RH19 4RB, United Kingdom Phone: 45 39 62 90 39 Phone: 47 40468626 Phone: 44 1342 31 3926 &NBJMJOGP!NNLJOGP &NBJMNNLOPSHF!POMJOFOP Fax: 44 1342 32 5559 &NBJMJOGP!DDISPSHVL REFERENCES References

1. Herb Kutchins and Stuart A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy: Karen Thomas, USA Today, 14 July 2002. 46. Tony Jones and Adrian Bradley, “Sane Reaction,” The Psychiatric Bible and the Creation of Mental Disorders 22. Lauren Neergaard, “Parents Push to Limit Use of Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 10 June 1999. (The Free Press, New York, 1997), pp. 260, 263. Antidepressants,” The Washington Times, 3 Feb. 2004. 47. Greg Berman and John Feinblatt, “Judges and 2. Edward Shorter, A History of Psychiatry: From the Era 23. Ibid. Problem-Solving Courts,” Center for Court Innovation, of the Asylums to the Age of Prozac (John Wiley and Sons, 24. Richard Restak, “The ‘Inner Child,’ the ‘True Self’ A Public/Private Partnership with the New York State Inc., New York, 1997), p. 302. and the Wacky Map of Eupsychia,” The Washington Unified Court System, 2002. 3. “New Worries over Anti-Depressants,” Times, 18 Aug. 2002. 48. Nancy Wolff, Ph.D., “Courts as Therapeutic Agents: WHIO-TV, 2003. 25. Sven Loerzer, “Youth Help No Guarantees for Thinking Past the Novelty of Mental Health Courts,” 4. “In the Land of Champagne and Croissants, Wonders,” Süddeutsche Zeitung, 25 Mar. 2004. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry Law, Pills are the King — -French Lead the World in Use 30:431-7, 2002. of Medication,” accessed 18 Jul. 2002; Alexander 26. “Seventeen and Deadly, Japan, Violence and School Dorozynski, “France Tackles Psychotropic Drug Children,” KeystoSaferSchools.com, Vol. 33, 1999. 49. Ibid. Problem,” Internet address: http://www.bmj.com/ 27. Welcome to the Children’s Parliament website, 50. American Press Wire, “Virginia mental health sys- cgi/content/full/313/7037/997, 20 Apr. 1996; “Civil “Against School Child Violence,” Internet address: tem reeling,” The Argus, 13 Apr. 1998. Unrest in Socialist France,” IDEA HOUSE website, http://www.visimpact.com.au/childnet/ 51. Barry Meier, “For-Profit Care’s Human Cost,” The Jan. 1998. child_violence.htm, accessed Aug. 2003; “Violence in New York Times, 8 Aug. 1997. 5. “Health Care Issues: State of Medicine in France,” Schools,” The Jerusalem Post Online, 25 May 1999. IDEA HOUSE website, “A Headache,” Economist, 18 28. “Introducing Thomas Dorman, M.D.,” Internet 52. Lisa W. Foderaero, “Electroshock Therapy for Mar. 1997; figure based on an $8 billion deficit, and address: http://www.libertyconferences.com/dorman. Depression Makes a Discreet Comeback.: International France spending 5% of its health care budget on mental htm, accessed: 27 Mar. 2002. Herald-Tribune, 20 July 1993; Lee Goodman, “A Current health. 29. Jeffrey A. Schaler, Ph.D., “Good Therapy,” Mental Affair,” The Key to West Citizen, 30 June 1994; California 6. Warwick Mansell and Stephen Lucas, “Depression Health Net — The InterPsych Newsletter, Vol. 2, Issue 7, Figures from the Department of Mental Health, from and Exams Link Disputed,” The Times, Educational Aug.–Sep. 1995, Internet address: http://mentalhelp. Internet http://www.ii.net/~juli/california.html, Supplement, 11 June 2004. net/ipn/ipn27d.htm. accessed: 22 Apr. 1997. 7. Dr. Mary Ann Block, No More ADHD (Block Books, 30. Paula J. Caplan, They Say You’re Crazy (Addison- 53. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, Winter and Spring Texas, 2001), pp. 22–24. Wesley, New York, 1995), p. 90. 1994, Vol. 15, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 177-198. 8. House Government Reform Committee, U.S. Rep. 31. Margaret Hagen, Whores of the Court, The Fraud of 54. Pamela Fayerman, “After 130 Shock Treatments: Dan Burton, transcript of hearing, 26 Sep. 2002. Psychiatric Testimony and the Rape of American Justice ‘They hurt, I don’t want it,’ Public Trustee’s Office 9. Gina Shaw, “The Ritalin Controversy Experts Debate (Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., New York, 1997), p. 42. Investigates Riverview Case,” Vancouver Sun, Use of Drug to Curb Hyperactivity in Children,” The 32. Dr. Fred A. Baughman, Internet address: http:// 17 Apr. 2002. Washington Diplomat, Mar. 2002. www.adhdfraud.com. 55. Eugenia Rubtsova, “They Drilled My Head Without 10. Patrick Goodenough, “Ritalin Debate: Some 33. Ty C. Colbert, Rape of the Soul, How the Chemical Any Anesthetic,” Novie Izvestia, 19 June 2002. Experts Doubt Existence of ADHD,” CNSNews.com, Imbalance Model of Modern Psychiatry Has Failed its 18 Apr. 2003. 56. Robert Whitaker, Mad in America: Bad Science, Bad Patients (Kevco Publishing, California, 2001), p. 79. 11. Fred A. Baughman Jr., M.D., “Educational Medicine, and the Enduring Mistreatment of the Mentally ‘Disorders’ Fraud,” Psychiatry: Betraying and Drugging 34. Elliott S. Valenstein, Ph.D., Blaming the Brain (The Ill (Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Children (Citizens Commission on Human Rights, Los Free Press, New York, 1998), pp. 4, 6, 125, 224. 2002), p. 187. Angeles, California, 1998), pp. 10–11. 35. Phillip Owen, “Sad Script for the Stressed,” Daily 57. David L. Gardner, M.D. and Rex W. Cowdry, 12. “Controlling the Diagnosis and Treatment of Telegraph (Sydney, Australia) Letters to the Editor, M.D., “Alprazolam-Induced Dyscontrol in Borderline Hyperactive Children in Europe,” Council of Europe 2 Sep. 2003. Personality Disorder,” American Journal of Psychiatry, Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1562 (2002), 36. Kelly Patricia O’Meara, “In ADHD Studies, Pictures January 1985, Vol. 142, No. 1, pp. 98-100. 29 May 2002, point 6. May Lie,” Insight Magazine, 19 Aug. 2003. 58. Op. cit., Robert Whitaker p. 188. 13. Terrance Woodworth, DEA Congressional 37. Michael McCubbin and David Cohen, “The Rights Testimony before the Committee on Education and the of Users of the Mental Health System: The Tight Knot 59. “Acute Drug Withdrawal,” PreMec Medicines Workforce: Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth of Power, Law, and Ethics,” presented to the XXIVth Information Bulletin, Aug. 1996, modified 6 Jan. 1997, and Families, 16 May 2000. International Congress on Law and Mental Health, Internet address: http://www.premec.org.nz/profile.htm, 14. Physicians’ Desk Reference (Medical Economics Toronto, June 1999. accessed: 18 Mar. 1999. Company, New Jersey, 1998), pp. 1896–1897; 38. Thomas Szasz, Liberation By Oppression 60. Op. cit., Joseph Glenmullen, p. 22. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 61. Op. cit., Robert Whitaker, pp. 185-186. (Third Edition), (American Psychiatric Association, 2002), p. 127. Washington, D.C., 1980), p. 150. 62. Erica Goode, “Leading Drugs for Psychosis 39. “Diet Mulls Fate of Mentally Ill Criminals,” The Come Under New Scrutiny,” The New York Times, 15. “Drug Scheduling,” U.S. DEA Online, Japan Times, 8 June 2002. Internet address: http://www.dea.gov. 20 May 2003. 40. Bruce A. Arrigo, Ph.D., Christopher R. Williams, 16. Lou Dobbs, “We Need a War Vs. Legal Drugs,” 63. Ibid. “Chaos Theory and the Social Control Thesis: a Post- Daily News, New York, 28 Sep. 2003. Foucauldian Analysis of Mental Illness and Involuntary 64. Ibid. 17. “Net Trafficking a Boon for Drug Addicts,” Mainichi Civil Confinement; Human Rights, Gender Politics & 65. Barbara Lukesch and Eva-Maria Zullig, “Die Daily News, 2 Feb. 2003; “Prescription Junkies Aided by Postmodern Discourses,” Social Justice, 22 Mar. 1999. Pharma-Hexe,” Tages Anzeiger Magazine, No. 12, Money-Grabbing Shrinks,” Mainichi Daily News, 41. Hans Joachim Salize, Harald Dreßing, Monika Peitz, 27 Mar. 1999. 5 Feb. 2003. “Compulsory Admission and Involuntary Treatment 18. Kelly Patricia O’Meara, “GAO ‘Study’ Plays 66. Inger Sandal, “Let Me Get Well So I Can Be With of Mentally Ill Patients-Legislation and Practice in Guessing Games,” Insight Magazine, 16 May 2003. You,” Arizona Daily Star, 19 Feb. 1998. EU-Member States,” Central Institute of Mental Health 19. Op. cit. Patrick Goodenough, 18 Apr. 2003. Research Project Final Report, Mannheim, Germany, 67. Eric Braverman and Carl Pfeiffer, The Healing 20. “Worsening Depression and Suicidality in Patients 15 May 2002. Nutrients Within: Facts, Findings and New Research in Being Treated with Antidepressant Medications,” Amino Acids, 1987. 42. Dr. Dorine Baudin, Ethical Aspects of Deinsti- U.S. Food and Drug Administration Public Health tutionali sation in Mental Health Care, Jul. 2001, p. 13. 68. Becky Gillette, “Breaking The Diet — ADD Link,” Advisory, 22 Mar. 2004. E Magazine, 5 Mar. 2003. 21. “Adverse SSRI Reactions,” International Coalition for 43. Ibid. Drug Awareness Website, Internet address: http://www. 44. Ibid. 69. Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly drugawareness.org; “Medication Profiles: Serotonin 45. Franklin Chu and Sharland Trotter, The Madness Recommendation. Reuptake Blocking Agents (SSRIs),” Anxieties.com web- Establishment (Grossman Publishers, New York, 1974), 70. Sydney Walker, III, M.D., The Hyperactivity Hoax site, Internet address: http://www.anxieties.com; pp. xi, xiii, 203-04. (St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1998), p. 165.