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ARCHAEOBOTANY in GREECE Alexandra Livarda, Department Of
ARCHAEOBOTANY IN GREECE Alexandra Livarda, Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham, UK The final version of this paper can be found in the following publication: Livarda, A. 2014. Archaeobotany in Greece. Archaeological Reports 60: 106-116. This paper provides a brief overview of the history and the main achievements of archaeobotanical work in Greece to date, with the aim of highlighting its potential and creating a framework in which future work can be contextualised. The term ‘archaeobotany’ is used here in its narrow sense, referring to the study of plant macroremains, such as seeds, fruits and other plant parts, and excluding charcoal studies or ‘anthracology’ and analyses of microremains (e.g. pollen, phytoliths), which have developed to become separate sub-disciplines. From the first finds to a science Plant remains in the form of large concentrations of seeds, or individual finds of large specimens (known as spot finds), such as fruit stones, have been reported in the archaeological literature since the end of the nineteenth century. Botanical specimens that were occasionally unearthed caught the attention of archaeologists and site directors, who would either invite botanists or other experts to identify the species, or would simply rely on the expertise of the archaeological team, including that of local workers. A rather widely reported case is that of the early excavations at Knossos, where local workmen identified seeds found in a pithos as ‘Egyptian beans’, a variety of small fava beans imported to Crete from Alexandria at the end of the nineteenth century (Evans 1901, 20–21). At the other end of the spectrum, Schliemann (1886, 93), for instance, sent samples of the masses of burnt grains encountered in the early levels of Tiryns to an expert, Professor L. -
Greece(12Th Century B.C.E-600C.E)
Greece(12th century b.c.e-600c.e) By: Lily Gardner Geographic Impact on Society ❖ Located on a small peninsula and were divided deeply by steep mountains and valleys ❖ Geography contributed to its political organization ❖ City-states fought a lot because they didn’t have a common enemy ❖ They didn’t have good land for farming so they ate food from the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea ❖ Peninsula’s provide good protection, so ancient Greece was able to protect themselves Political System and Impact on Society ❖ In early greek history only the wealthy and noble men had the rights of full citizenship, such as speaking and voting in the assembly, holding public office, and fighting in the army ❖ Slowly, the men in lower class began to get these rights as they could purchase the armor and weapons ❖ Tyrants appeared for a time, and they even had the support of the lower class because they wanted to challenge the rights of the wealthy ❖ Political authority was given to its Council of Elders made of 28 men that were over the age of 60. These men came from wealthy segments of society and they served for life ❖ Women were citizens but stayed at home and took care of children ❖ Women also weren’t allowed to own property or be involved in the economy or politics Economic System and Impact on Society ❖ Greek traders looked for iron ❖ Greeks were expansive people ❖ Geography help lead to city-states ❖ City-states were constantly fighting and arguing ❖ The impoverished Greek farmers looked for land ❖ Settlers brought culture, tarding, -
Oral History Interview with Aris Koutroulis, 1976 Jan. 10
Oral history interview with Aris Koutroulis, 1976 Jan. 10 Funding for this interview was provided by Matilda Wilson. Funding for the digital preservation of this interview was provided by a grant from the Save America's Treasures Program of the National Park Service. Contact Information Reference Department Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Washington. D.C. 20560 www.aaa.si.edu/askus Transcript Interview JC: JAMES CRAWFORD AK: ARIS KOUTROULIS SIDE 1 JC: I'm interviewing Aris Koutroulis in my home in Detroit. Let us start back in your childhood, Aris. Were you born in Greece? AK: In Piraeus. JC: Where is Piraeus in Greece? AK: It's next to Athens. JC: It's close to Athens then? AK: Well, it's sort of like adjacent to it. JC: Ah, it's the port there? AK: Right. JC: When were you born? AK: May 14, 1938. JC: What were your parents doing at that time? AK: I guess they were having a hard time. My father wasn't able to work or something in those days. He also had some problems at the time with his in-laws, my mother's brother and the whole family. My father was, I think, very intelligent and he threatened everybody. That's what happened. JC: Well, Piraeus is a shipping port. AK: Yes. But he wasn't in that kind of business or anything. He was just -- as a matter of fact, I remember a story that one of his jobs was selling ties on the street. JC: That's pretty much when the Depression was going on in America and pretty much all over the world. -
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Cork Open Research Archive Title Golden Age, Stone Age, Iron Age, Axial Age: The significance of archaic civilization for the modern world Author(s) Szakolczai, Árpád Publication date 2009-12 Original citation Szakolczai, A., 2009. Golden Age, Stone Age, Iron Age, Axial Age: The Significance of Archaic Civilization for the Modern World. In Center of Excellence Cultural Foundations of Integration, New Perspectives on Archaic Civilizations. Konstanz, Germany 8 – 9 Dec 2009. Type of publication Conference item Rights ©2010, Árpád Szakolczai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/200 from Downloaded on 2017-02-12T05:23:19Z Szakolczai, A., 2009. Golden Age, Stone Age, Iron Age, Axial Age: The Significance of Archaic Civilization for the Modern World. In Center of Excellence Cultural Foundations of Integration, New Perspectives on Archaic Civilizations. Konstanz, Germany 8 – 9 Dec 2009. CORA Cork Open Research Archive http://cora.ucc.ie 1 Golden Age, Stone Age, Iron Age, Axial Age: The Significance of Archaic Civilization for the Modern World by Arpad Szakolczai School of Philosophy and Sociology University College, Cork Paper prepared for the workshop entitled ‘New Perspectives on Archaic Civilizations’, 8- 9 December 2009, organized by the Center of Excellence ‘Cultural Foundations of Integration’, University of Konstanz. Draft version; please, do not quote without permission. 2 Introduction Concerning the theme of the conference, from the perspective of the social sciences it seems to me that there are – and indeed can only be – two quite radically different positions. -
Biological Agriculture in Greece: Constraints and Opportunities for Development
BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN GREECE: CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT By Leonidas Louloudis Department of Agricultural Economics and Development Agricultural University of Athens Paper presented to the Seminar: “The Common Agricultural Policy and the Environmental Challenge – New Tasks for the Public Administrations? European Institute of Public Administration (EIPA) Maastricht (NL), 145-15 May 2001 2 DRAFT PAPER (not to be quoted) BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN GREECE: CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT Leonidas Louloudis Department of Agricultural Economics and Development Agricultural University of Athens Introduction Organic agriculture or biological agriculture, as it is called in Greece, does not account to more than 0.63% of the national agricultural output. But since the last food crisis (winter 2000) caused by the sudden re-appearance of the "mad-cow disease" in Europe, it has gained a new developmental momentum. The Greek press, although no incident of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy has been recorded so far within the national borders, covered this last food crisis extensively and devoted much space on the risks to human health, which were considered almost innate to the conventional agro-food system, and to the associated consumption and dietary patterns. In this historical conjuncture, biological agriculture entered the public debate through the mass media as the most immediate and radical solution to the industrial system of food production, which had lost its reliability almost entirely. The Ministry of Agriculture was not prepared to deal with such a severe crisis in the meat sector and thus to apply competently the measures against BSE, agreed upon at EU level. Thus it rushed to support that biological agriculture, and more specifically biological stockbreeding, is the only solution that guarantees a safe and healthy way out of the problem. -
Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania. -
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia. -
Criminal Victimisation in Greece and the Fear of Crime: a 'Paradox' for Interpretation
International Review of Victimology. 2009, Vol. 16, pp. 277–300 0269-7580/09 $10 © A B Academic Publishers - Printed in Great Britain CRIMINAL VICTIMISATION IN GREECE AND THE FEAR OF CRIME: A 'PARADOX' FOR INTERPRETATION CHRISTINA ZARAFONITOU Panteion University, Greece* ABSTRACT The measurement of victimisation was rare and sporadic in Greece until 2005 when it was included in the EU International Crime Survey (EUICS). Many findings are highly interesting as for example those concerning corruption. There are also high ratings of feeling unsafe among the inhabitants of Greece, in particular those in Athens, in spite of the relatively low rates of their victimisation. This paper focuses on this point, trying to reveal the factors which could explain this 'paradox'. Keywords: Victimisation — fear of crime — satisfaction with the police — quality of life INTRODUCTION Victimisation surveys have been rare and sporadic in Greece until 2005 when they were included in the European victimisation survey (Van Dijk et al., 2007a; 2007b: p. 30). At the national level, only one victimisation survey has been carried out, in 2001 (Karydis, 2004) but this theme has frequently been examined in the framework of surveys on fear of crime which were carried out in Athens during the last decade (Zarafonitou, 2002, 2004; Zarafonitou and Courakis, 2009)1. The most important observation which emerged from those was the relatively low levels of victimisation of Greek citizens in comparison to the high levels of fear of crime revealed. In order for this 'paradox' to be explained, a conceptualisation of fear of crime (Vanderveen, 2006: p. 28) is necessary as well as looking at its attributed 'social meaning'2, in the context of the general social framework in which social attitudes are shaped and manifested. -
Greece Crisis Response Plan 2020
Global Crisis Response Platform Humanitarian and Crisis Transition Activities Greece Crisis Response Plan 2020 2020 Funding Required Target Beneficiaries $158,989,033 60,000 IOM Vision IOM Greece aims to improve the living conditions of migrant and refugee communities in the country through a wide range of activities and is working towards finding sustainable solutions for these vulnerable populations. Special care and attention will be provided to the most vulnerable groups, including unaccompanied migrant children. Planned activities in 2020 include accommodation support, capacity building of local actors, protection, legal counselling, psychosocial support, integration, interpretation services, transportation, access to education and non-formal education services, population mapping, community participation, care and maintenance, and provision of non-food items (NFIs). Context Analysis Since 2015, Greece has become one of the main gateways to the European Union for hundreds of thousands of people coming from the Middle East, Africa and Asia. War and political and economic instability in different regions has increased the number of irregular migrants and asylum seekers entering Greece from the eastern sea borders and by land, overcrowding the islands' reception and identification centres (RICs). The number of arrivals has particularly spiked over the last months, with large inflows and very limited outflows from the country. The efforts to decongest the overcrowded reception facilities on the Aegean islands are ongoing but are slow given the limited amount of accommodation available in the mainland. There is an imperative need to reinforce the current accommodation capacities within the emergency reception schemes. Greek authorities, with the support of IOM and other stakeholders, are making efforts to alleviate human suffering and ensure proper living conditions of the populations by prioritizing decongestion of the reception facilities on the islands and/or other locations. -
Lesson 1: the Geography of Greece
Name Date Lesson 1 Summary Use with pages 246–251. Lesson 1: The Geography of Greece Vocabulary agora an outdoor marketplace in ancient Greece plunder goods taken during war A Mountainous Land Independent Communities Many ancient civilizations formed near rivers. Geography affected how life in Greece The rivers would overflow in the spring and developed. Uniting the country under one make the soil good for farming. Greece did government was difficult. Ancient Greeks not depend on a river. Greece is a rugged, did share the same language and religion. mountainous land with no great rivers. It does Mountains divided Greece into different not have much good farmland. Greece is regions and kept people apart. Therefore, located in the southeastern corner of Europe. It many independent cities sprang up. Each city is on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula. did things its own way. The climate of Greece Greek-speaking people also lived on islands in is pleasant, and the Greeks had an outdoor the Aegean Sea. The sea separates Greece from way of life. The agora, or outdoor the western edge of Asia. marketplace, was common in cities. The Greeks watched plays in outdoor theaters. A Land Tied to the Sea Political meetings, religious celebrations, Greece is surrounded by the sea on three sides. and sports contests also were held outdoors. The Aegean Sea is to the east. The Ionian Sea is to the west. This sea separates Greece from Two Early Greek Civilizations Italy. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south. It The Minoan civilization was on the island of links Greece with Asia, North Africa, and the Crete, in the Mediterranean Sea. -
Agricultural Practices in Ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Roman Period
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Hellenic University: IHU Open Access Repository Agricultural practices in ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Roman period Evangelos Kamanatzis SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) in Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Studies January 2018 Thessaloniki – Greece Student Name: Evangelos Kamanatzis SID: 2201150001 Supervisor: Prof. Manolis Manoledakis I hereby declare that the work submitted is mine and that where I have made use of another’s work, I have attributed the source(s) according to the Regulations set in the Student’s Handbook. January 2018 Thessaloniki - Greece Abstract This dissertation was written as part of the MA in Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Studies at the International Hellenic University. The aim of this dissertation is to collect as much information as possible on agricultural practices in Macedonia from prehistory to Roman times and examine them within their social and cultural context. Chapter 1 will offer a general introduction to the aims and methodology of this thesis. This chapter will also provide information on the geography, climate and natural resources of ancient Macedonia from prehistoric times. We will them continue with a concise social and cultural history of Macedonia from prehistory to the Roman conquest. This is important in order to achieve a good understanding of all these social and cultural processes that are directly or indirectly related with the exploitation of land and agriculture in Macedonia through time. In chapter 2, we are going to look briefly into the origins of agriculture in Macedonia and then explore the most important types of agricultural products (i.e. -
Extortion in Greece
Extortion in GreecE thE risE of orGanisEd crimE, Extortion and rackEteerinG in thE latE 20th cEntury Organised crime had not been an issue in the public discourse and academic debate in Greece until the middle of the 1990s. Although in the beginning of the decade some family based groups of Greeks extorters were formed, organised crime was recognised and recorded mostly as a problem connected to the presence of migrants (Vidali, 2014: 178). A look at reports of the Hellenic Police on organised crime shows that it was in the 1990s that organised crime began to be highlighted as a problem in the Greek context (Antonopoulos, 2009; see also Xenakis, 2006). These reports constitute the first official documents which referred to the presence and the involvement of criminal organisations in the Greek market and emphasised a clear link between organised crime and the influx of immigrants. In particular, the reports of the Hellenic Police for the years 1995 – 1999 noted a serious threat from “national criminal groups”, and at the same time stressed the involvement of foreigners in organised criminal activities.1 Another factor for the under-representation of racketeering and extortion among the priorities of the Hellenic Police has been the growth of the shadow (informal) economy. Its large size made it difficult to distinguish organised crime from other forms of illegality, because it contributed to blurring the boundaries between organised crime and typical economic crimes of entrepreneurs (Vidali, 2007/I: 912). In the 1990s, typical organised crime seemed to be a marginal phenomenon, which began to be investigated thoroughly and independently because of international commitments undertaken by Greece to prepare special reports on the state of organised crime (Rizava, 2012: 77).2 In particular, police data for the years 1995 and 1996 show that organised crime had not been established in Greece during that period.