Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16336-2 — Medieval Historical Writing Edited by Jennifer Jahner , Emily Steiner , Elizabeth M

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Index

1381 Rising. See Peasants’ Revolt Alcuin, 123, 159, 171 Alexander Minorita of Bremen, 66 Abbo of Fleury, 169 Alexander the Great (Alexander III), 123–4, Abbreviatio chronicarum (Matthew Paris), 230, 233 319, 324 Alfred of Beverley, Annales, 72, 73, 78 Abbreviationes chronicarum (Ralph de Alfred the Great, 105, 114, 151, 155, 159–60, 162–3, Diceto), 325 167, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176–7, 183, 190, 244, Abelard. See Peter Abelard 256, 307 Abingdon Apocalypse, 58 Allan, Alison, 98–9 Adam of Usk, 465, 467 Allen, Michael I., 56 Adam the Cellarer, 49 Alnwick, William, 205 Adomnán, Life of Columba, 301–2, 422 ‘Altitonantis’, 407–9 Ælfﬂæd, abbess of Whitby, 305 Ambrosius Aurelianus, 28, 33 Ælfric of Eynsham, 48, 152, 171, 180, 306, 423, Amis and Amiloun, 398 425, 426 Amphibalus, Saint, 325, 330 De oratione Moysi, 161 Amra Choluim Chille (Eulogy of St Lives of the Saints, 423 Columba), 287 Aelred of Rievaulx, 42–3, 47 An Dubhaltach Óg Mac Fhirbhisigh (Dudly De genealogia regum Anglorum, 325 Ferbisie or McCryushy), 291 Mirror of Charity, 42–3 anachronism, 418–19 Spiritual Friendship, 43 ancestral romances, 390, 391, 398 Aeneid (Virgil), 122 Andreas, 425 Æthelbald, 175, 178, 413 Andrew of Wyntoun, 230, 232, 237 Æthelred, 160, 163, 173, 182, 307, 311 Angevin England, 94, 390, 391, 392, 393 Æthelstan, 114, 148–9, 152, 162 Angles, 32, 103–4, 146, 304–5, 308, 315–16 Æthelthryth (Etheldrede), 38, 421, 423, 430 Anglia, 152, 155–6 Æthelweard, Ealdorman, 146, 152, 173, 177–81, Anglo-Norman language, 70, 76–7, 94, 226, 182, 301, 306–12, 314, 316–18, 462 339–40, 354, 389, 390, 391, 428 Æthelwulf, 175, 178 Anglo-Norman rule, 67, 87 Aëtius (Agitius), 21 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ASC), 3, 10, 13, 33, 39, 67, Ages of the World, 7, 8, 45, 54–7, 59–62, 213 85, 105–6, 144, 146, 152, 157, 162–3, 171, Agricola, 140 172–91, 244, 256, 300, 308, 339 Alan of Tewkesbury, 429 Anglo-Saxon futures, 101–16 Alba, 148, 228, 229 Anglo-Saxons, 9, 38, 67, 68, 69, 79, 99–100, 129, Alban, Saint, 24, 148, 152, 325, 330 139, 140, 151, 159, 179, 193, 204–5, 208, 213, Albanactus, 81, 221, 228–9, 234 426–8 Alberic of Troisfontaines, 335 Anlaf, 394–6 Chronicon, 335 Anna Komnene, Alexiad, 300 Albert of Stade, 335 Annales Cambriae, 33 Albina myth, 69, 93 Annales Londoniensis (Horn), 250 Albion, 82, 147–50, 244, 377 Annals of Dunstable, 324, 335

563

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564 Index

Annals of Fulda, 174 Bately, Janet, 313 Annals of Melrose, 335 Battle Abbey Roll, 398 Annals of Saint-Bertin, 174 Baxter, Stephen, 182 Annals of St Neots, 427 Becket, Thomas (Saint Thomas of Canterbury), Annals of the Four Masters, 284, 287 133, 265, 327, 429, 435 Annals of Tigernach, 287 Bede, 5, 9, 10, 13, 32–3, 45, 52, 55–6, 87, 102, 103–5, Annals of Ulster (AU), 284, 292 106, 108, 109, 128, 129, 140, 141–2, 143–5, anno domini (AD) dating system, 52, 187 147–8, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 159, 172, 210, annus mundi dating system, 55, 56 226, 299, 300, 345, 421, 423–4, 430, 434, 462 Anonimalle Chronicle, 74, 357–8 Chronica maiora, 281 Anonymous Short English Metrical Chronicle, 74, Commentary on the Song of Songs, 153 78, 396–7, 398–9 De temporum ratione (On the Reckoning of apocalypse, 7, 51–66 Time), 45, 55–6 Apocalypse Commentary (Berengaudus), 44, 57–62 Gesta abbatum (History of the Abbots of argumentum, 2 Wearmouth and Jarrow), 91, 423, 424 Aristotle, 8, 119, 124, 126–7, 258, 260, 274 Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum Arnold’s Chronicle, 379 (Ecclesiastical History of the English People), Arthur, King, 8–9, 33, 68, 74, 75, 114, 211, 346, 2, 13, 32–3, 63, 67, 85, 87, 102, 103–5, 128, 129, 370–1, 390, 416–17, 458, 475 143, 144, 147, 148, 150, 226, 265, 299, 300, Arundel Castle, 391, 399, 402 304, 308, 339, 423–4 ASC. See Anglo-Saxon Chronicle In apocalypsin, 180 Ascopard the giant, 389, 399 letter to Egbert, 104–5 Ashe, Laura, 152, 153 Life of St Anastasius, 423 Asser, 38, 85, 160, 171, 175, 176, 177 Life of St Felix, 423 Athelstan, King, 189, 392, 394–5, 396 Lives of Cuthbert, 301–2, 303, 312, 423–4 Athelston, 95, 112 Martyrology, 423 Auchinleck manuscript, 346, 351–2, 396–9 Benedict, Saint, 37, 38, 40 Augustine of Hippo (Saint Augustine), 5, 7, 25, Benedictines, 38, 165, 166, 192, 262, 263 37, 45, 54–5, 117, 121, 122–3, 186, 196, 415, Beowulf, 115, 123, 127, 168, 170, 313, 361 418, 442 Berengaudus, 57–62, 66 Confessiones (Confessions), 121 Apocalypse Commentary, 44, 57–62 De adulterinis coniugiis, 180 Bevis of Hampton, 94, 95, 389, 390, 391–2, 393–4, De civitate Dei (The City of God Against the 398, 399, 401–2 Pagans), 3–4, 54, 117, 122–3, 261 Bible, 8, 22, 28–31, 41–2, 44, 51, 52–6, 57–9, 69, Soliloquia, 155 126, 176, 216, 280, 282, 305, 383 Biblia pauperum, 52 Bacon, Roger, Opus Maius, 125–6, 128 Binski, Paul, 326–7 Bainton, Henry, 328 biography, 13, 91, 212, 422, 427, 434 Baker, Geoffrey le, 459–62 bishops, 24–7 Chronicon (Chronicle), 451, 453 Black Monks, 262 Baldwin, Abbot, 195, 196 Black Prince, 461–2 Bale, John, 115 Black Register (niger registrum), 193–4, 198, 204 Ball, John, 360 Bloch, R. Howard, 86 Ballard, Thomas, 364–5 Bloxham, Thomas, 267 Balliol, John, 230–1, 237 Boccaccio, Giovanni, De casibus virorum Bannockburn, Battle of, 237, 464 illustrium, 370, 439 Banshenchas (Lore of Women), 288 Bodel, Jean, 391 Barbour, John, 230, 232, 236–7 Chanson de Saisnes, 390 Bruce, 232, 236–7 Boece, Hector, Scotorum Historia, 243 bards (baird), 289 Boethius, De consolatione philosophiae, 354, Barking women’s community, 39, 41, 50, 427 439, 441 Barons’ Wars, 337, 346, 393 Boniface VIII, Pope, Scimus ﬁli, 233 Barrow, Julia, 409 Book of Ballymote, 294 Barthes, Roland, 367 Book of Brother John Stone, 469 Bartlett, Robert, 422 Book of Drumsnat, 50

Index 565

Book of John Mandeville, 134–5 Byrhtferth of Ramsey Book of Leinster, 49, 287–8, 289, 294 Historia regum, 425 Book of Llandaf (Liber Landavensis), 211–12 Life of Oswald, 409 Book of St Alban, 325, 327 Book of the Apple, 126–7 Cade, Jack, 472 Book of the Dun Cow, 49, 287, 293 Cadwallader (Cadwaladr), 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, Book of the Roches of Fermoy, 296 77–9, 80–1, 83, 110, 114, 210, 211, 216, 218, Book of Uí Maine, 293 457 Bourdieu, Pierre, 11 Cadwallo (Caduallo), 78, 110, 132 Bouve de Haumtone. See Bevis of Hampton Cadwallon, 104, 211 Bower, Walter, 225, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, ‘Cædmon’s Hymn’, 339 240, 243 Caí Caínbrethach, 283 Scotichronicon, 49, 225, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, Caithréim Thoirdhealbhaigh, 294–5 238, 239, 243 Caius, John, 381 Bradshaw, Henry, 379 calendars, 44–5, 186–7, 281 Life of St Werburge of Chester, 423 Cambridge Songs, 188 Brembre, Nicholas, 245, 358 Campbell, Alistair, 180, 311 Brenhinedd y Saesson (The Kings of the English), Can a mbunadus na nGael (Whence is the Origin 214, 224, 339 of the Gaels?) (Máel Mura [Fh]othna), Breviate Chronicle (Brevis chronica), 218, 223, 283 232 Canterbury Tales (Chaucer), 123, 259, 341, 371, Brian Bóruma, 288 437–40, 448–9 Britain, 4, 8–10, 20–2, 28–9, 31–3, 34, 38, 46, Capgrave, John, 261, 434–5 67–70, 72–6, 81–3, 87, 101–2, 110, 139–40, Book of Illustrious Henries, 435 141, 142–56, 185, 186, 208, 209, 210–11, 221, Life of Gilbert of Sempringham, 434 224, 228–9, 244, 345, 362, 377 Caradog of Llancarfan, 211, 212 Britannia, 140, 142, 147, 148, 149, 150, 154 Carolingian empire, 174–5, 177 Britons, 8–9, 20–1, 29, 31, 32, 33–4, 67, 68, 76–81, Carosin, Guilelmus, 381 109, 110–11, 113–14, 129, 132, 140, 144, 150–1, cartularies, 48–9, 50, 90, 92, 154–5, 165, 193–4, 208, 209, 210–11, 213, 226, 228–9 197–8, 204, 412 Broun, Dauvit, 233, 240 Cassian, John, Conferences, 42 Bruce (Barbour), 232, 236–7 Castleford Chronicle, 74, 110, 112 Bruce, Edward, 464 Caxton, William, 69, 370–4, 375–6, 377, 378, 384, Bruce, Robert (Robert I), 230, 232, 237, 238, 464 385, 424–5, 431, 479 Brunanburh, Battle of, 184, 311, 394–5, 396 Cellarer’s Register, 204 Brut (Laʒamon), 71, 88 Chanson de Saisnes (Bodel), 390 Brut DEngletere abrege, 74 chansons de geste, 36, 44 Brut tradition, 9, 67–83, 88–9, 90, 133, 228, 230, Charlemagne, 118, 371 233, 252, 256, 376–8, 385, 451–2, 456, see also Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, 175 Prose Brut Charles the Bold of Burgundy, 479 Brut y Brenhinedd (The History of the Kings), 211, Charles the Good, 443 219, 220, 222, 223 Charles the Great (Caxton translation), 371 Brut y Tywysogion (The History of the Princes), 49, Charters of Chertsey, 419 50, 212, 213, 214–18, 219, 220, 221, 223 Charters of the Forest, 348 Brutus, 67, 69, 73, 81–3, 87, 96, 149, 210, 221, 224, Chaucer, Geoffrey, 122, 123, 127, 354, 363, 437–40, 228, 230, 231, 234, 244–5 448–9 Buckingham, 425 Canterbury Tales, 123, 259, 341, 371, 437–40, Buke of the Howlat, 235 448–9 Burton, Thomas, Chronica monasterii de Melsa Troilus and Criseyde, 123, 124, 127, 440 (Chronicle of the Monastery of Chester Cycle, 57 Meaux), 91 Chichele, Henry, 205 Bury St Edmunds, 10, 13, 48, 192–207, 356, Chrétien de Troyes, 390 427, 428 Christ, Jesus, 8, 20, 22–3, 32, 47, 51, 52–4, 55–7, Bury, Richard of, Philobiblon, 261 59–62, 85 Buxhill, Alan, 447 Christina of Markyate, 429

566 Index

Chronica gentis Scotorum (Chronicles of the Cnut, 88, 102, 106, 107, 152, 158, 163, 168–70, 171, Scottish People) (John of Fordun), 49, 227, 182, 187, 188, 192, 195–6, 199, 202 231–2, 234 Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaib (The War of the Irish Chronica maiora (Bede), 281 with the Foreigners), 288 Chronica majora (Matthew Paris), 13, 46, 56–7, Cóic Conara Fugill, 288 63, 72, 98, 319, 322, 323–8, 331, 332, 335, coimgne (man of joint knowledge), 285–6 337, 429 Coleman, Janet, 260 Chronica monasterii de Melsa (Chronicle of the Colgrave, Bertram, 300 Monastery of Meaux) (Burton), 91 Cologne legend, 433 Chronicle of England (Mannyng), 88, 341–3, 451, Columbanus, St, 281, 302 456–9 comedy, 12, 442, 447 Chronicle of Ireland, 39, 281–2 Comestor, Peter, Historia scholastica, 259, 262, Chronicle of Melrose, 227, 240–1 265, 267 Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, 227–8 Commentary on the Song of Songs (Bede), 153 Chronicle of the Lincolnshire Rebellion, 467, Compendium morale (Waltham), 267, 271–2 476–8, 479, 480, 481 computus, 45, 425 Chronicle of the Scots, 235 Conaing Buide (‘the Yellow-haired’) chronicles Ó Máelchonaire, 290 Brut tradition, 69–70, 71 confession, 343–4 Brut y Tywysogion, 214–18 Confessiones (Confessions) (Augustine of cartulary-chronicles, 154–5, 194 Hippo), 121 chroniclers and historians, 2–3 Connacht, kings of, 290, 291 and forgery, 412–14 Constantius of Lyons, Life of Germanus, 24, 25 genre overview, 14 Constitutum Constantini (the decree of Geoffrey’s Historia and its heirs, 87–90 Constantine), 411–12 London chronicles, 251–7 Cormac mac Cuilennáin, 285 monastic memory, 44, 45–6 coroners’ rolls, 364–6 and romance, 389–403 Corpus genealogiarum Hiberniae, 288 Scottish history writing, 230–5 Córus Bésgnai, 281 short chronicles, 469 Cotton Library, 361 vernacular historiography, 355 Cottonian chronicle, 218 Chronicles of the Kings of Alba, 226 Cowan, Edward J., 242 Chronicles of the Scottish People (Chronica gentis Craíbscaíled Clainne Suibne, 295 Scotorum) (John of Fordun), 49, 227, Crane, Susan, 391 231–2, 234 Cranmer, Thomas, 383 Chronicum Scotorum, 227 Crayke, 164 church schools, 281, 285, 286–8, 289 Crick, Julia, 148, 149, 204–5 Cicero, 441 Cromwell, Oliver, 362 Dream of Scipio, 122 Cronica de Wallia, 214 Cinead mac Ailpín, 148, 227, 229–30 Crouch, David, 86 Cirencester, Richard, 262 Crowland Abbey, 413, 481 Speculum historiale de gestis regum Crowland Chronicle, 477, 481–2 Angliae, 262 Cura pastoralis (Gregory the Great), 151 Cistercians, 39, 44, 49, 213, 217–18, 220, 223 Cursor mundi, 57 City of God Against the Pagans (De civitate Dei) Curteys, William, 204, 205, 207 (Augustine of Hippo), 3–4, 54, 117, Cusanus, Nicolas, 411, 412 122–3, 261 Cuthbert, Saint, 301–2, 303, 423–4 Clancy, Thomas Owen, 228 Community of Cuthbert, 165, 166–8 Clare family pedigree roll, 93 Life of Cuthbert (anonymous), 303 Clark, James, 263 Lives of Cuthbert (Bede), 301–2, 303, 312, 423–4 Clarke, Peter, 265 Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, 209 classicism, 188–9, 261, 262–4 Cynewulf, 425 Clemence of Barking, Life of St Catherine, 41, 50 Clonmacnois (Clonmacnoise), 49, 287, 290 Dál Riata (Dalriada), 226, 229 Clonmacnoise chronicle, 213 Daly, Kathleen, 235

Index 567

dán dírech metres, 297 Doomsday, 51, 56, 57 Danes, 107, 108, 140, 157, 158, 162, 163, 168, 170 Douce Apocalypse, 66 Daniel (prophet), 53–4, 56, 58 Duan Albanach (Song of the Scots), 228–9, 230 Daniel ap Sulien, 212 Duby, Georges, 86 Dante, 127 Dugdale, William Divine Comedy, 118, 128 Fundationis et fundatorum historia, 92 Dares Phrygius, 218, 219 History of Imbanking and Drayning, 421 dating systems, 22, 44–5, 52, 186–7, 281 Dunfermline Abbey, 49 David I of Scotland, 232 Dunfermline Chronicle, 233 David II of Scotland, 414, 464 Dunstable, 324, 335, 336 Davis, G.R.C., 194 Durham, 164, 165, 167 Davis, Natalie Zemon, 367 De adulterinis coniugiis (Augustine of Hippo), 180 Eadmer of Canterbury, 106, 427, 428 De casibus virorum illustrium (Boccaccio), Historia novorum, 428 370, 439 Life of St Anselm, 428 de Certeau, Michel, 141 Earl Marshal’s revolt, 327, 334 De civitate Dei (The City of God Against the Earliest Life of Gregory the Great, 299, 300–1, 302, Pagans) (Augustine of Hippo), 3–4, 54, 117, 303–6, 310, 312, 314, 317, 422 122–3, 261 Ecclesia, 52, 53, 58, 59 De consolatione philosophiae (Boethius), 439 Ecclesiastical History (Historia ecclesiastica) De excidio Britanniae (The Ruin of Britain). See (Eusebius), 103, 265, 441 under Gildas Ecclesiastical History (Historia ecclesiastica) De excidio Troiae historia, 218 (Orderic Vitalis), 46–7, 147, 149 de Fanis, Maria, 401 Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Historia De genealogia regum Anglorum (Aelred of ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum) (Bede), 2, 13, Rievaulx), 43 32–3, 63, 67, 85, 87, 102, 103–5, 128, 129, 143, de Machlinia, William, 376 144, 147, 148, 150, 226, 265, 299, 300, 304, De oratione Moysi (Ælfric of Eynsham), 161 308, 339, 423–4 De regimine principum (Giles of Rome), 274 ecclesiastical scholarship, 284, 292–5 De temporum ratione (On the Reckoning of Time) Edgar, King, 107, 108, 114, 149, 189, 311, 393, 407, (Bede), 45, 55–6 408, 409 de Worde, Wynkyn, 374, 376–7 Edinburgh Castle, 462 Declaration of Arbroath, 231, 234 Edith of Wessex, Queen, 40, 178, 179, 300, Dee, John, 475 307, 318 Deeds of the Abbots. See Gesta abbatum monasterii Edith of Wilton, Saint, 38, 427 Sancti Albani (Walsingham) Edmund Ironside, 88, 107 Delapré Chronicle, 41 Edmund, Saint, 427, 428 Deor (poem), 313 Edward I, King, 74–5, 199, 200, 208, 222, 230–1, Depredatio abbatiae, 201–2 232, 233–4, 237, 238, 241, 250, 346, 347, Derrida, Jacques, 362 348–9, 351, 459, 464 Deruvian, Saint, 410–11 Edward II (Marlowe), 461 Description of Britain (Caxton translation), 375, Edward II, King, 453, 459, 461, 463, 464, 469–70 376–7, 378 Edward III, King, 453, 460, 461, 475 Description of Wales (Descriptio Cambriae) Edward IV, King, 99, 414, 468, 469, 470, 473, (Gerald of Wales), 428 474, 475, 476, 477–9, 480, 481 Despenser War, 223 Edward the Confessor, 92, 152, 173, 182, 184, 187, Destrey, Pierre, Les faits et gestes du preux Godefroy 189, 192, 195, 196, 199, 200, 202, 214 de Bouillon, 380 Edward, Saint, 197, 428 Dido, 121–2, 131 Edwin, King, 109, 132, 302, 303, 304, 305 Dindshenchas (Place-Name Lore), 288 Elizabeth I, Queen, 475 Dionigi da Borgo San Sepolcro, 273–4 Elizabeth of Hungary, 430 Dionysius Exiguus, 23, 52 Ellis, Sir Roger, 361 Doe, John, 368 Elmham, Thomas, 263, 412, 415, 434 Domesday Book, 199, 244, 247 Cronica regum nobilium Angliae, 263 Donation of Constantine, 411–12 Liber metricus de Henrico Quinto, 263

568 Index

Elmham, Thomas (cont.) Newe Cronycles of England and Fraunce, 113, Vita et Gesta Henrici V (Life and Deeds of Henry 256, 378–81 V), 434 Falkes de Bréauté, 217 Ely, 154, 325, 360, 427 Fall of Princes (Lydgate), 263, 370, 439–40, 472 Embree, Dan, 477 family history, 90–4, 391–4 Emma of Normandy, Queen, 40, 182, 188, 300, Faques, Richard, 381–2 307, 318 Farge, Arlette, 362, 364, 369 encomium, 215–16, 422 Fasciculus temporum (Rolevinck), 374, 377 Encomium Emmae reginae (The Encomium of Fassler, Margot, 47 Queen Emma), 188–9, 300, 307 Felix, Life of St Guthlac, 423, 428 England, 38, 40, 48, 67–8, 69–76, 81–3, 101–2, female patronage, 178, see also patronage 103–4, 106–9, 110–15, 139–40, 145, 146, 150, female saints, 302–3, 430 151–3, 163–8, 185–6, 235, 239, 240–3, 346, 348, Fénius Farrsaid, 282, 283 351, 362, 377–8, 380, 381–2, 389–90, 391–4, Fergal Muimnech (‘the Munsterman’), 292 403, 426 Fergus Mór mac Erc, 226 English Bible, 69, 383 Ferumbras, 133 English language, 10, 76–7, 173, 174, 175–7, 180, Field, Rosalind, 390 186, 189–90, 375, 450, 456 Fifteen Signs of Doomsday, 57 English mystery cycles, 57 filid (learned poets), 289 Eormanric of the Goths, 315, 316 fir dána (‘men of song’), 289 Epistola ad Warinum (Henry of First Barons’ War, 393 Huntingdon), 70–1 Fisher, Matthew, 84 Epitome of Pompeius Trogus (Justinus), 265 FitzAlan, Richard, Earl Arundel, 392 Erkenwald, Bishop, 128, 246 FitzStephen, William, Description of London, 247 Essen nunnery, 178, 180, 181, 182 FitzThedmar, Arnald, 249–50, 251, 252 Estoire de seint Aedward le rei (Matthew Paris), 111 Flann Mainistrech, 284–5, 286 Estoire des Engleis (History of the English) Flann Sinna, 284 (Gaimar), 72, 77, 88, 107–8, 170, 190–1 Flemming, Richard, 264 Ethelbert, Saint, 425 Flemming, Robert, 266 Etheldreda, Saint (Æthelthryth, Etheldrede), 38, fleur de lys, 461 421, 423, 430 Flodden, Battle of, 235, 381 Ethelwold, 426 Florence of Worcester, 428 Etymologies (Isidore of Seville), 2, 53, 282 Flores historiarum, 110, 248, 250 eulogies, 280 Flores historiarum (Matthew Paris), 319, 324, 327 Eulogium historiarum, 75 Flores historiarum (Roger of Wendover), 72, Eusebius of Caesarea, 20, 45, 124, 128, 282, 283 73–4, 324, 326 Chronicle, 22 Floris and Blancheflour, 133 Historia ecclesiastica, 103, 265, 441 Folcard of Saint-Bertin, 48, 108, 427 Eutropius, Breviarium ab urbe condita, 263 fonds, 361 Evangelienbuch (German bible), 176 Foot, Sarah, 192 Evans, Wyn, 428 Foras Feasa ar Eireann, 283 Eve of Wilton, 44 Fordun. See John of Fordun Evesham, 248, 262, 346 forgery, 13, 165, 195, 196, 404–19 Exeter Book, 49, 180, 313, 425 Fortescue, Sir John, 474 Exeter, Richard, 262 Foucault, Michel, 362, 368 Expositio in Apocalypsim, 66 Fouke le Fitz Waryn, 95–6, 391 Expositio super septem visiones libri Apocalypsis Foulds, Trevor, 193, 198 (Apocalypse Commentary) (Berengaudus), Four Kingdoms, 53–4, 56, 57, 58 44, 57–62 Fovent, Thomas, 453 Eynesbury, 425 France, 235, 274, 380, 450, 453 Francis, Saint, 435 fabula, 2, 236, 238 Franciscans, 260, 261, 293 Fabyan, Robert, 256, 378–81, 385 Frank, Roberta, 170 Chronicle, 433 Frechulf of Lisieux, 185

Index 569

French language, 70, 76–7, 174, 190–1, 226, Gesta abbatum (Bede), 91, 423, 424 339–40, 359–60, 450, 456 Gesta abbatum (Matthew Paris), 90, 319, 324, 325 Fructus temporum, 377–8 Gesta abbatum monasterii Sancti Albani (Deeds of Fulman, William, 481 the Abbots of St Albans) (Walsingham), Fundationis et fundatorum historia, 92 49, 90–1 Furness chronicle, 241 Gesta annalia I, 231 Gesta annalia II, 231 Gaelic language, 226, 227–8, 282–3 Gesta episcoporum, 91 Gaels, 226, 229, 283 Gesta Henrici Quinti, 264 Gaguin, Robert, Compendium super francorum Gesta Ottonis (Hrotsvit), 179–80 gestis, 380 Gesta pontiﬁcum Anglorum (William of Gaimar, Geffrei, 106, 107–8, 339 Malmesbury), 146, 154, 325, 326, 410 Estoire des Engleis, 72, 77, 88, 107–8, 170, 190–1 Gesta regum Anglorum (William of Malmesbury), Galbert of Bruges, 443–4 68, 107, 146, 325, 326, 394, 410 Galbraith, V.H., 362 Gesta Romanorum, 260, 261 Gandersheim nunnery, 178 Giancarlo, Matthew, 86 Gascoigne, Thomas, 258, 275 Gilbertines, 341 Gaul, 22, 25, 26–7, 139 Gildas, 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 19–34, 35, 67, 128, 139, 140, Gaveston, Piers, 464 142–3, 159, 209, 210 Geary, Patrick, 116 De excidio Britanniae (The Ruin of Britain Gembloux, 185 [DEB]), 1, 19–20, 21, 23–4, 26, 27, 28–9, gender, 11, 299–318 30–1, 33, 35, 142–3, 209 genealogical rolls, 7, 14, 74, 75–6, 84, 89–90, Giles of Rome, De regimine principum, 272, 274 97–100, 468–9, 475–6 Gilla Cóemáinn, 228 genealogies, 9, 10, 84–100, 228, 288 Gilla Ísa Mór Mac Firbisig, 291, 294 Genesis poem, 180 Gilla Moduda Ó Caiside, 285 Genet, Jean-Philippe, 264–5, 267 Gilte Legende, 431 genre, 12–14 Glastonbury, 410, 417, 425 gens Anglorum, 104, 105, 139, 140, 150 Glyndwˆ r, Owain, 209, 223–4 Geoffrey of Monmouth, 8, 9, 67, 69, 70–3, 85, 87, Godfrey of Boulogne, 371 102, 109, 110, 124, 128–9, 131–2, 140–1, 144, Godwine, earl of Wessex, 182, 189 149, 152, 210–11, 213, 216, 218–19, 220, 231, Goetz, Hans-Werner, 184 244–5, 256, 345, 348, 354, 371, 416–17, 456 Gog and Magog, 56, 63–4, 66 Historia regum Britanniae (History of the Kings Golden Legend (Legenda aurea) (Jacopus da of Britain [HRB]), 9, 67, 68–9, 70–3, 76, 78, Voragine), 127, 373, 424–5, 430–1, 435 80–1, 83, 85, 87, 109, 124, 131–2, 141, 144, 152, Goldstein, R. James, 234, 236 210–11, 213, 216, 218–19, 220, 231, 244–5, 325, Goldwell, James, 266 339, 342, 345, 371, 416–17, 470 Gormund, 73, 110 Vita Merlini, 132 Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, 41, 44, 48, 108, geography, 4, 141–2, 329–30 426–7, 428 George, duke of Clarence, 477 Liber confortatorius, 427 George, Karen, 30 Life of St Edith, 427 George, Saint, 478 Life of St Milburge, 427 Gerald of Wales, 120, 129, 130–1, 209, 428 Goths, 20, 32, 122, 315–16 Description of Wales (Descriptio Cambriae), 428 Gower, John, 354, 454 Journey through Wales (Itinerarium Grafton, Richard, 379, 382, 383–4, 474 Cambriae), 428 Grandes Croniques, 450 Life of St David (Vita Sancti Davidis), 428 Gransden, Antonia, 6, 199, 200, 427, 475 Topography of Ireland (Topographia Graunt, Thomas, 272, 273 Hibernica), 120, 130–1 Gray, Sir Thomas, Scalacronica, 74, 242, 451, German language, 176, 177, 190 462–5 Germanus of Auxerre, St, 24–5 Gray, William, 266, 274 Germany, 180, 186–8 Great Book of Lecan, 294 Gervase of Canterbury, 2–3, 72, 73, 415, 418, 429 Great Cause (Scotland), 75, 230, 237, 243

570 Index

Great Chronicle (Fabyan), 256 Hebrides, 226 Great Famine, 464 Heffernan, Thomas, 420 Greek transculturation, 123, 125, 173, 176, 180–2 Heliand, 176, 180 Green, R.F., 478 Hélinand of Froidmont, 335 Gregory of Tours, 20, 26, 27, 158, 424 Heloise, 43–4 Gregory the Great (Gregory I/Saint Gregory), Hemming of Worcester, 50 31–2, 36, 104, 105, 112, 115, 127, 129, 139, 151, Hengist, 73, 107, 109, 131, 311 175–6, 186, 302, 303–6, 314, 317 Henry I, King, 327, 392, 444, 445 Grimbald of Saint-Bertin, 175, 176 Henry II, King, 122, 197 Grosseteste, Bishop Robert, 333 Henry III, Emperor, 187–8 Gruffudd ap Cynan, 209, 212 Henry III, King, 200, 248, 250, 327, 331, 333, Gruffudd Llwyd, 224 334, 337 Gúbretha Caratniad, 288 Henry IV, King (Henry Bolingbroke), 385, 453 Guenée, Bernard, 258, 259, 260 Henry V, King, 414, 471 Guerreau-Jalabert, Anita, 86 Henry VI, King, 206, 254, 255, 414, 469, 470, 471, Guido della Colonne, Historia de Troia, 262 472–3, 474, 476, 477, 478, 480, 481 Guildhall MS 3313, 253, 256 Henry VII, King, 210, 470, 475, 476, 481 Guisborough Priory, 241 Henry VIII, King, 234, 382, 383, 384, 385 Gulbenkian Apocalypse, 58–62 Henry of Huntingdon, 5, 9, 10, 12, 77, 82, 106, Guthlac poems, 423, 425 108–9, 141, 144–5, 149, 152, 154, 190, 211, Gutun Owain, 224 428, 445 Guy of Warwick, 93, 94, 390, 394–7 Epistola ad Warinum, 70–1 Guy of Warwick (Gui de Warewic), 390, 391–3, Historia Anglorum, 12, 68, 70–1, 144–5, 152 394, 395, 398, 399, 401 Heptarchy, 73, 92, 106, 352 Guy’s Cliffe, Warwick, 402, 403, 475 Herbert of Bosham, 429 Hereford, 425 habitus, 11 Hereford Map, 401 Hadrian’s Wall, 21, 140 Herfast, bishop of East Anglia, 195, 196 Hädwig, Abbess, 181 Herman the Archdeacon, Miracles of St Edmund, hagiography, 13, 27, 47–8, 108, 133, 302, 303, 305, 196, 427 409–12, 420–36 Hermann of Reichenau, 184, 187 Haimo of Auxerre, 55 Herryson, John, 467, 469–70, 472 Halfdan, 163, 166 Hiatt, Alfred, 196 Halle, Edward, The vnion of the two noble and Higden, Ranulf, 5, 8, 46, 89, 370, 372–6, 377, 378, illustrate families of Lancastre & Yorke, 384 445, 452, 455–6, 462, 463, 464, 465 Hallvarðr háreksblesi, 169 Polychronicon, 8, 46, 75, 89, 262, 265, 267, 274, Hanawalt, Barbara, 364, 365 370, 372–6, 378, 385, 424, 451, 452, 455–6, Handlyng Synne (Mannyng), 341, 343 462, 465, 468, 469, 479–80 Hardyng, John, 113–15, 382–4, 412–14, 467, 470–5 Higham, Nick, 29 Chronicles, 74, 113–15, 382–4, 413–14, 467, Hild, abbess of Whitby, 302 470–5 Hincmar, Archbishop, 175 Harley Scribe, 351–2 Hingst, Amanda, 147, 149, 400 Harpisﬁeld, Nicholas, 479 histoire croisée (entangled history), 173, 185 Harris, Jonathan Gil, 401 historia, 1, 2, 236, 238, 400–1, 424, 434, 435 Harris, Verne, 362, 367–8 Historia (Mair), 243 Harrison, Julian, 240 Historia adversus paganos. See Seven Books of Harthacnut, 182, 202, 204 History Against the Pagans (Orosius) Hary, Wallace, 232–3, 237, 238–9 Historia Anglorum (Henry of Huntingdon), 12, Hastings, Battle of, 106, 244 68, 70–1, 144–5, 152, 428 Hatﬁeld, Edmund, Lyf of St Ursula, 433 Historia Anglorum (Matthew Paris), 319, 323, 324, Hauley, Robert, 447 327, 329, 334, 335 Hautfuney, Jean, 274, 275 Historia Brittonum, 33, 67, 87, 177, 210, 228, Havelok narratives, 77, 88, 94, 95, 342, 343, 390 282, 287 Havelok the Dane, 95, 112–12, 390 Historia de Sancto Cuthberto, 164–8, 169, 170 Hayward, Paul, 45 Historia de Troia (Guido della Colonne), 262

Index 571

Historia ecclesiastica (Eusebius), 103, 265, 441 Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, 254–5, 266, 274 Historia ecclesiastica (Orderic Vitalis), 46–7, Hundred Years’ War, 70, 76, 235 147, 149 Hunnisett, Roy, 366 Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. See Hunt, Hugh, 368 Ecclesiastical History of the English People Huntingdon, 154, see also Henry of Huntingdon (Bede) Hystorye of the noble ...Parys, and of the fayr Historia Grifﬁni ﬁlii Conani, 221 Vyenne, 371 Historia Lombardica, 430–1 Hywel Fychan, 222, 224 Historia novella (William of Malmesbury), 325, 326 Imagines historiarum (Ralph de Diceto), 325 Historia regum (Byrhtferth of Ramsey), 425 In apocalypsin (Bede), 180 Historia regum Angliae (Rous), 467, 475, 476 indexes, 203, 272, 273, 274 Historia regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Indract, Saint, 425 Britain [HRB]) (Geoffrey of Monmouth), Ingulf, 413, 419 9, 67, 68–9, 70–3, 76, 78, 80–1, 83, 85, 87, Ingvar (Ívarr the Boneless), 169 109, 124, 131–2, 141, 144, 152, 210–11, 213, 216, Innocent IV, Pope, 320, 332–3 218–19, 220, 231, 244–5, 325, 339, 342, 345, Inspeximus charters, 200–1 371, 416–17, 470 Iona, 302, 303 Historia scholastica (Comestor), 259, 267 Iona Chronicle, 227 historical romances. See romance Ireland, 4, 10, 11, 33, 38, 49, 85, 120, 130–1, 177, Historie of the Arrival of King Edward IV, 467, 226, 227, 228, 279–98, 362 477–9, 480, 481 Irish language, 281, 282–3, 286 historiography. See also vernacular historiography Irish World Chronicle, 282 as communal enterprise, 323–8 Isabella, Queen, 453, 460 contemporary approaches, 6–7 Isidore of Seville, 32, 153, 282, 441 as devotional practice, 328–31 Etymologies, 2, 53, 282 forgery as, 406–9 Islam, 7, 62, 119, 124–5, 134, 430 genre overview, 12, 13–14 Israelites, 29–30, 34 and hagiography, 420–2, 428–31, 432, 434, 435–6 Jacopus da Voragine, Legenda aurea, 430–1, 435 history and truth, 424–5, 433, 444 Jacques de Longuyon, Vows of the Peacock, 123 as lay instruction, 331–7 James III of Scotland, 237, 239 and tragedy, 442–4 James, M.R., 429 History of Richard III (More), 383, 384 Jarrow. See Wearmouth and Jarrow History of the Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow Jean de Joinville, 134 (Gesta abbatum) (Bede), 91, 423, 424 Jean de Vignay, 274, 431 History of the Kings of Britain. See Historia regum Jean de Waurin, Recueil des croniques, 477 Britanniae (Geoffrey of Monmouth) Jerome, 22, 43, 45, 53–4, 282, 422 Historye of reynart the foxe, 371 Jewish community, 8, 52, 321–2, 346, 429, 454 Holcot, Robert, 261 Jocelin of Brakelond, 48, 197, 427 Moralitates, 261 Chronicle, 427 Holford, Matthew, 366, 367 John Balliol, king of Scotland, 230 Holinshed’s Chronicles, 256 John of Bridlington, 433 Hopcyn ap Tomos, 224 John of Canterbury, Polistorie, 74 Horn Child and Maiden Rimnild, 96 John of Fordun, 227, 231–2, 234, 417 Horn stories, 94, 96, 390 Chronica gentis Scotorum (Chronicles of the Horn, Andrew, 250–1 Scottish People), 49, 227, 231–2, 234 Annales Londoniensis, 250 John of Gaunt, 447 Horsa, 107, 109, 311 John of Lakenheath, 202, 203–4, 205 Hosteller, Thomas, 365 John of Northwold, 197–8, 199, 200, 204, 205 HRB. See Historia regum Britanniae (Geoffrey of John of Salisbury, 121, 123, 262, 429 Monmouth) Policraticus, 121–2, 262, 271 Hrotsvit of Gandersheim, 300 John of Tynemouth, Historia aurea, 462 Gesta Ottonis, 179–80 John of Wales, 260–1, 267 Hugh de Cressingham, 242 Breviloquium, 260, 271

572 Index

John of Wales (cont.) Langtoft, Piers, 78, 110, 241, 339–40, 342, 347, Communiloquium, 260, 271 394–6, 451, 456, 458 John of Worcester, 106, 108, 190 Chronicle, 74, 88, 241, 339–40, 342, 396 John the Saxon, 176 Langton, Stephen, 319 John, King, 95, 217, 271, 327, 393 Laon World Chronicle, 335 Joinville, Jean de, 134 Lapidge, Michael, 165, 181, 425, 426 Jones, Christopher P., 120 Latin language, 165, 172, 173–4, 177, 180–1, 188, Jones, Thomas, 215 189, 208, 212, 216–17, 226, 227–8, 286–7, Jordan Fantosme, 191 304, 339–40, 352–3, 426, 428–9, 450, Josephus, Antiquitates, 265 456, 459 Journey Through Wales (Itinerarium Cambriae) law courts, 361 (Gerald of Wales), 428 Lawrence-Mather, Anne, 45 Judaism, 8, 52, 118–19, 123, 134, 321–2 Laynesmith, Mark, 148 Justice, Steven, 360 Laʒamon, 110, 129, 131, 132 Justinus, 313 Brut, 71, 88, 346, 456 Epitome of Pompeius Trogus, 265 Wace translation, 152–3 Jutes, 103, 140 Le Goff, Jacques, 430 Leabhar Balbh (Dumb Book), 291 Kalendar, Bury St Edmunds, 48 Lebor Bretnach, 228 Kalendre of the New Legende of England, 113 Lebor Gábala Érenn (Book of the Taking of Karasawa, Kazutomo, 184 Ireland), 283, 288, 289, 296 Kay, John, 381 Lebor na hUidre (Book of the Dun Cow), 49, Keating, Geoffrey, 283 287, 293 Kelly, Henry Ansgar, 439–40 Leckie, R. William, Jr, 69 Kelly, S.E., 410 Leeuw, Gerard, 376 Kemble, John, 115–16 Legend of Pope Gregory, 397 Kempshall, Matthew, 258 Legenda aurea (Golden Legend) (Jacopus da Kennedy, Edward Donald, 235 Voragine), 127, 373, 424–5, 430–1, 435 Kerby-Fulton, Kathryn, 359–60 legendaries, 420, 430–2 Khanmohamadi, Shirin, 133 Leicester, Richard, 360 King Horn, 96 Leland, John, 410, 417 King Lear (Shakespeare), 438 Leneghan, Francis, 183 King of Tars, 133, 397–8 Lenne, John, 272 King Richard, 348 Leofric, earl of Mercia, 182, 183, 186, 189 king-lists, 85, 227, 228, 229–30, 231, 243 Letter of Alexander to Aristotle, 123–4 Kingsford, Charles, 256 Letter of Consolation for a Friend (Peter Kitāb Hurūshiyūsh, 183 Abelard), 43 knighthood, 462 letters, 92 Knighton, Henry, 357 Lewis, Katherine, 432 Knútsdrápa (Óttar svarti), 170 Lexham, Thomas, 266 Knútsdrápa (Sigvatr Þórðarson), 169, 170 Lhuyd, Humphrey, 217 Koselleck, Reinhart, 103 Li Rei de Engleterre, 74 Kubalai Khan, 134 Libellus, 39 Kyngston, John, 379 Liber additamentorum (Paris), 331 Liber confortatorius (Goscelin), 427 Lai d’Haveloc, 95 Liber custumarum, 250 lai tradition, 36, 44, 390, 458 Liber de antiquis legibus, 249 Lais (Marie de France), 41 Liber Eliensis, 423, 427 Lakenheath Register, 204 Liber fundacionis ecclesie Sancti Bartholomei Lambert, Peter, 6 Londoniarum, 248 Lancaster, 89, 99, 131, 468, 471, 474 Liber Landavensis (Book of Llandaf), 211–12 Lancaster, Roger, 480 Liber Pluscardensis, 232 landownership, 165 Liber pontiﬁcalis, 91 Lanercost Chronicle, 242 libraries, 264–5, 359 Langland, William, 123 Life of Adam and Eve, 397

Index 573

Life of Alfred (Asser), 175, 177 Llyfr gwyn Rhydderch (The White Book of Life of Cadog (Lifris), 48 Rhydderch), 221 Life of Christina of Markyate, 42, 429, 430 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, 140, 208, 217, 221 Life of Columba (Adomnán), 301–2, 422 Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd (Llywelyn ap Life of Cuthbert (anonymous), 303 Iorworth), 92, 214 Life of David (Rhygyfarch), 48, 212 Llywelyn the Last, 216 Life of Edward II, 453 Lobel, M.D., 197 Life of Edward the Confessor, 41, 307 local history, 46–50, 399–403 Life of Edward the Confessor (Matthew Paris), Locrinus, 81, 82, 221, 228–9, 234 324, 329 Lollardy, 263, 453–4, 465–6 Life of the Fathers (Gregory of Tours), 424 Lombard. See Peter Lombard Life of Germanus (Constantius of Lyons), 24, 25 London Bridge, 250, 254 Life of Gregory the Great. See Earliest Life of London Chronicles, 468, 474 Gregory the Great London histories, 10, 244–57, 378 Life of King Edward, 187–8, 189 London Letter Books, 357–9 Life of Oswald (Byrhtferth of Ramsey), 409 Losecote Field, Battle of, 477 Life of St Alban (Matthew Paris), 330 Lotharingians, 187–8 Life of St Anastasius (Bede), 423 Louis IX, 321, 322, 346 Life of Saint Audrey, 41, 111 Lovatt, Roger, 265 Life of Saint Catherine (Clemence of Barking), Love, Rosalind, 426 41, 50 Lucan, Pharsalia, 260, 265 Life of St David (Vita Sancti Davidis) (Gerald of Ludus de Antichristo, 53 Wales), 428 Lydgate, John, 205–7, 255, 263, 439–40 Life of St Edith (Goscelin), 427 The Fall of Princes, 370, 439–40, 472 Life of Saint Etheldrede, 423 Troy Book, 263 Life of St Felix (Bede), 423 Lyf of St Ursula (Hatﬁeld), 433 Life of St Guthlac (Felix), 423, 428 Lynch, Dr John, 291 Life of St Lasair, 295 Lyneham, Richard, 358–9 Life of St Mary Magdalene, 398 Life of St Milburge (Goscelin), 427 Mac Con Mara family, 295 Life of St Patrick (Tírechán), 423 Mac Firbisig historians, 291, 295 Life of St Pelagius, 430 Macbeth, 232, 438 Life of St Werburge of Chester (Bradshaw), 423 MacNeil, Eoin, 285 Life of Thomas of Canterbury, 429 Macrobius, 121, 122 Life of Wilfred (Stephen of Ripon), 42, 302, 422–3 Madden, Frederic, 327, 431 Life of William of Norwich (Thomas of Mael Coluim (Malcolm) III, 228, 229, 231, Monmouth), 429 414 Life of Wulfstan (Coleman), 426 Máeleoin Bodar (‘the Deaf’), 290 Lifris, Life of Cadog, 48 Maelgwn ap Rhys, 215–16 Lindenberger, Herbert, 437 Máelmuire mac meic Cuinn na mBocht, 287 Lindisfarne, 159, 164, 302, 303 Máelmura [Fh]othna, 284 Lindisfarne Gospels, 165 Magna Carta, 346, 348, 391 lineage, 86, 87, 89 Magnus Maximus, 222 literacy, 40, 340, 450 Maílín mac Tórna, 297 liturgy, 42, 44, 47 Mair, John, Historia, 243 Lives of Cuthbert (Bede), 301–2, 303, 312, 423–4 Maitland, Frederic William, 360 Lives of saints. See saints’ lives Malcolm III of Scotland (Malcolm Canmore), Lives of the Saints (Ælfric of Eynsham), 423 228, 229, 231, 414 Lives of the Two Offas (Vitae duorum Offarum) Malmesbury Abbey, 154, 409–10, see also William (Matthew Paris), 319, 324, 325, 328, 329, of Malmesbury 330–1 Malory, Sir Thomas, 371–2, 385 Livy, 274 Le Morte d’Arthur, 370, 371–2 Ab urbe condita, 261, 265 Mandeville, John, 134–5 Llanbadarn Fawr, 217 Manfred of Sicily, 126 Lloyd, J.E., 214 Manny, Thomas, 367

574 Index

Mannyng, Robert, 110, 339–40, 341–3, 347 Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson Chronicle of England, 88, 341–3, 451, 456–9 Poet. 145, 352–3 Handlyng Synne, 341, 343 Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, MS Langtoft translation, 241 Français 9687, 353–4 Story of England, 74 Philadelphia, Library Company of Mansel, John, 327 Philadelphia, MS 8680, 222 Manuel des péchés, 343 Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania manuscripts Library MS Roll 1066, 99–100 Aberystwyth, NLW, MS 3035B (Mostyn 116), Princeton, Princeton University, MS Garrett 219–20 142, 474 Aberystwyth, NLW, MS Peniarth 20, 216, 223 St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 5424–25, 185 567, 303 Cambridge, Cambridge University Library, Stockholm, Kungliga Biblioteket, MS MS Gg.i.1, 348 d.1311A, 354 Cambridge, Cambridge University Library, mappa mundi, 4 MS Ll.v.20, 353 maps, 46, 329–30 Cambridge, Corpus Christi College Library, Marenbon, John, 127 MS 26, 323 Margam, 214, 336 Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 190, 479–80 Margam Annals, 49 Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.9.1, 252 Margaret, Saint, 231 Dublin, Trinity College, MS 1339 (Book of Marham, Lynn Ralph, 261 Leinster), 287–8 Marianus Scotus Dublin, Trinity College, MS 505, 89 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 184, 187 Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Hunter MS Chronicle, 45, 46 83, 479–80 Marie de France, 41 London, British Library, MS Additional Lais, 41 22142, 352 Vie seinte Audree, 41, 111 London, British Library, MS Cotton Julius B. Marlowe, Christopher, Edward II, 461 ii, 252, 254 Martin of Tours, Saint, 25 London, British Library, MS Cotton Julius B. Martin of Troppau, Chronicle of Popes and iii, 89 Emperors, 259, 265 London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius Martyrology (Bede), 423 B.i, 183, 184–6, 187, 188, 189–90 Martyrology of Tallaght, 48 London, British Library, MS Cotton Mary of Woodstock, 353–5 Vespasian A.xii, 476 masculinity, 300 London, British Library, MS Cotton Vitellius materiality, 97–100 A.xvi, 253 Matheson, Lister, 76, 480 London, British Library, MS Egerton 650, 252 Matilda of Essen, Abbess London, British Library, MS Egerton 2885, 251 in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 173, 178–9, 181 London, British Library, MS Harley 53, 89 in Chronicle of Æthelweard, 301, 306–7, London, British Library, MS Harley 565, 252 309–10, 311–12, 314, 317, 318 London, British Library, MS Harley 7353, 99 Matte, Adam, 363–4 London, British Library, MS Harley Roll C. Matter of England romances, 94–6, 112, 391, 392 viii, 252 Matthew Paris. See Paris, Matthew London, British Library, MS Royal 13 Dv,336 Matthews, David, 348 London, British Library, MSS Royal 14 Maxims II, 183, 184, 185, 186 BV,98 Maximus, 21, 32 London, College of Arms, MS Vincent 43, 478 McDiarmid, Matthew, 239 London, Guildhall, MS 3313, 253, 256 McHardy, Alison, 264 London, Lambeth Palace, MS 99, 89 Meaux Chronicle, 91 London, Lambeth Palace, MS 306, 252 medieval studies, 1, 2, 5–6 London, Westminster Abbey, MS 27, 353 meditation, 42, 45 Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson Mehan, Uppinder, 304 B 502, 287–8 Mehl, Dieter, 398

Index 575

Melrose Nicolas de Gonesse, 274 Annals, 335 niger registrum (Black Register), 193–4, 198, 204 Chronicle, 227, 240–1 Niles, John, 111 memory, 35–50, 280, 307, 362, 366–7, 406, 407 Nine Worthies, 123, 371 Menologium, 184, 185, 186–7 Norman Conquest, 9, 77, 87, 102, 131, 140, 152, Merlin, 76, 416 165, 182, 190, 212, 244, 245, 247, 401, 402, Metcalf, Thomas, 480 406, 426, 457 Methodius of Olympus, Saint, Revelations, 62 Norman history, 8, 47, 99–100, 106–9, 129, 132, Metrical Chronicle (Robert of Gloucester), 145, 401, 457 339–40, 345–6, 347–8, 431–2, 456 Norse incursions, 102, 226 Michelet, Jules, 356 North Sea Empire, 158, 188 Middle English, 63–4, 65, 94–5, 111, 113, 158, 171, Northern Recension, 162 339–40, 345, 346, 351, 352, 353, 375, 390, 431 Northmen, 157, 163 Middle English Prose Brut, 376, 468, 474, 479, see Northumbria, 162, 163, 164, 303 also Prose Brut Northwold Register, 197–8, 202, 204, 205 Middle Irish, 283, 284, 285, 294 Notary, Julian, 377 Middle Welsh, 214, 215, 216, 218 nunneries, 40–1, 178, see also monasticism; migration history, 301, 309, 311–12 women’s communities Mildburg, St, 410 Essen, 178, 180, 181, 182 miniatures, 58–62 Gandersheim, 178 miracles, 304, 305, 310, 420, 421, 422 Quedlinburg, 178 Miracles of St Edmund (Herman), 196, 427 Miroir de la salvation humaine, 360 Ó Briain family, 294–5 Mirror of Charity (Aelred of Rievaulx), 42–3 O’Brien O’Keefe, Katherine, 184 Mohun Chronicle, 93–4, 95 Ó Cellaig kings, 293, 294 monasticism, 10, 14, 35–50, 90–1, 258, 263, 264, Ó Cléirig (O’Clery) family, 293 340, 362, 400, 406, 408, 409, 412–13 Ó Conchobair kings, 290, 293 Moorlinch, John, 262 Ó Cuirnín family, 292 moral philosophy, 272–3, 328–9 Ó Domnaill, king of Tír Conaill, 293 Moralitates (Holcot), 261 Ó Dubagáin, Seaán Mór (John O’Dugan the Mordred, 457 Great), 293–4 More, Thomas, 383, 384, 385, 459 Ó Duibgennáin (O’Duignan) family, 292, 294 More, William, 251 O’Davoren’s glossary, 285 Morte Arthure, 123 Ó hUicinn, Tuathal, 296 Morte d’Arthur, Le (Malory), 370, 371–2 O’Loughlin, Thomas, 30 Mortimer family, 91–2 Ó Máelchonaire family, 289–91, 296–7 Murimuth, Adam, 459 Ó Sgingin family, 293 Murray, Andrew, 231 Oedipus Rex, 438 Muslims, 119, 124–5, 133, 322, 430 Offa I, 78, 315, 316, 330, 454 mystery cycles, 57 Offa II, 324–5, 330–1 Old English, 49, 165, 171, 180, 193, 198, 299, 301, nation, 3, 453–6, 465–6 311, 312–13, 314, 339 national chronicles, 87–90, 450–66 Old English Orosius, 173, 183–4, 185–6, 187, 189, Natural History (Pliny), 142, 143, 147 312, 313 Neath Abbey annals, 213 Old High German, 177 Nennius, 282, 287, 300 Old Irish, 279, 280, 284, 285, 288, 294, 297 Neot, Saint, 425 Old Norse, 158, 168–9, 171, 226 Neville, Anne, 475–6 Old Saxon, 176, 177, 180 Neville, Richard, earl of Warwick, 474, 477, 478 ollams (chief poets), 290, 291, 292–3, 297 Neville, Thomas, 478 On Lamentations (William of Malmesbury), 47 New Troy (Troia Nova), 8, 81, 244, 245, 246, 256 On the Reckoning of Time (De temporum ratione) Newe Cronycles of England and Fraunce (Fabyan), (Bede), 45, 55–6 113, 256, 378–81 Opus Maius (Bacon), 125–6, 128 Newton, John, 266 oral history, 406, 407

576 Index

Orderic Vitalis, 46–7, 146–7, 149, 400, Passio SS Aethelredi et Aethelberhti, 425 442–3, 447 Passion of St Julian (Gregory of Tours), 424 Ecclesiastical History (Historia ecclesiastica), Paston letters, 92 46–7, 147, 149 Pastoral Care (Gregory the Great), 105, 175–6 Ordinale and Customary (Barking), 41 Patrick, Saint, 31, 410–11 Oresme, Nicole, 274 Patrington, Stephen, 263 Orkney Islands, 4, 146, 226, 227 patronage, 301, 306, 309, 310, 314, 316–18, 327–8, Orosius, Paulus, 25, 117, 124, 142, 143, 146, 183–4, 331–2, 337 185–6, 187, 312, 442 Pearl (poem), 361 Old English Orosius, 173, 183–4, 185–6, 187, 189, Peasants’ Revolt, 357–8, 445, 446–7, 455, 458 312, 313 Peckham, Archbishop, 221–2 Seven Books of History Against the Pagans Pecock, Reginald, 411, 412 (Historia adversus paganos), 3–5, 117, 124, pedigree rolls, 93, 98 142, 143, 183, 184, 185, 187, 263 Pelagianism, 24 Osbern, 427 Pelagius, Saint, 430 Oswald, bishop of Worcester, 408 Penda, 129 Oswiu (Oswy), 110, 167, 303 Percy roll, 93 Otfrid of Weissenburg, 176 periodisation, 7–9, 83, 101, 109 Óttar svarti, Knútsdrápa, 170 Peter Abelard, 43, 47, 123, 127 Otter, Monika, 247, 400 Peter des Roches, 333 Otterbourne, Thomas, 261 Peter Lombard, Sentences, 265 Otto I, 178 Peter of Poitiers, Compendium historiae in Otto II, 178 genealogia Christi, 85, 89, 97 Otto of Freising, Chronicle, 441–2 Petit Bruit, 74 Otto-Matilda Cross, 181 Phagan, Saint, 410–11 Ottonian empire, 178–80, 181–2, 307 Pharsalia (Lucan), 260, 265 Oughaval, 49 Philip VI of Valois, 460–1 Ovid, 122 Pickering, Oliver, 431 Heroides, 121 Pictish language, 226, 227 Owain Glyndwˆ r. See Glyndwˆ r, Owain Picts, 21, 38, 85, 144, 226, 227, 229 Piers Plowman, 127 pagan histories, 5, 8, 31, 44, 117–35, 161 Piers, Sir Henry, 283 papal schism, 453 pilgrimage, 46, 168, 329, 335, 354 pardon tales, 367 Pinchbeck Register, 202, 203 Paris, 253, 260–1, 274 Pinchbeck, Walter, 202, 205 Paris, Matthew, 11, 13, 46, 49, 56–7, 63, 98, Pipino, Francesco, 262 319–38, 340, 428, 429 Plaiz, John, 92 Abbrevatio chronicarum, 319, 324 Plato, 126 Chronica majora, 13, 46, 56–7, 63, 72, 98, 319, Republic, 440–1 322, 323–8, 331, 332, 335, 337, 429 Pliny, 124, 153 Estoire de seint Aedward le rei, 111 Natural History, 142, 143, 147 Flores historiarum, 319, 324, 327 poetry, 49, 183–4, 209, 228, 280, 285, 289–90, 296, Gesta abbatum, 90, 319, 324, 325 301, 311, 312–16, 440 Historia Anglorum, 319, 323, 324, 327, 329, Poitiers, Battle of, 461 334, 335 polemical history, 122, 472, 474, 481–2 Liber additamentorum, 331 Policraticus (John of Salisbury), 121–2, 262, 271 Life of Edward the Confessor, 324, 329 political history, 347, 362–3, 453–5, 463–4 Life of St Alban, 330 Polo, Marco, 134, 262 Lives of the Two Offas (Vitae duorum Offarum), Polybius, Histories, 440 319, 324, 325, 328, 329, 330–1 Polychronicon (Higden), 8, 46, 75, 89, 262, 265, Parker, Matthew, 115 267, 274, 370, 372–6, 378, 385, 424, 451, 452, Parliament of the Three Ages 455–6, 462, 465, 468, 469, 479–80 Partner, Nancy, 6, 443, 444 Pompeius Trogus, 312–13 passio (Passion), 422, 425 Poole, Russell, 170 Passio Albani, 24 popes, 432, 453

Index 577

Poppleton Manuscript, 242–3 Robert I (Robert Bruce), 230, 232, 237, 238, 464 Powel, David, 217 Robert II of Scotland, 230, 414 prayer, 40, 43 Robert III of Scotland, 223 Preston, John, 360 Robert of Auxerre, 335 print history, 12, 14, 69, 370–85 Robert of Gloucester, 74, 78, 110–11, 113 printing press, 12, 417 Metrical Chronicle, 339–40, 345–6, 347–8, prophecy, 51–2, 59, 63, 66–6 431–2, 456 Prophecy of Bercán, 228 Robin of Redesdale, 480 Prose Brut, 69–70, 74, 76–83, 89, 252, 376–8, 451, Robinson, Fred C., 184 468, 474, 479 Roche family, 296 Prosper of Aquitaine, 20, 22–3 Rodriguez Jimenez de Rada, 335 Psalter of Cashel, 288, 294, 296 Roger de Montgomery, 402 Psalter of Mac Richard Butler, 296 Roger of Howden, Chronica, 325, 326 public records, 362–3 Roger of Wendover, 338 Pynson, Richard, 377, 379 Flores historiarum, 72, 73–4, 324, 325, 326 Rolevinck, Werner, Fasciculus temporum, Quedlinburg nunnery, 178 374, 377 Quo Warranto proceedings, 199, 250 roll-codex, 98 Rollo, 99 Radulescu, Raluca, 86 rolls, coroners, 364–6 Rajsic, Jaclyn, 9 rolls, genealogical. See genealogical rolls Ralph de Diceto (Ralph of Diceto), 325, 326 Roman d’Eneas, 122 Abbreviationes chronicarum, 325 Roman de Brut (Wace), 71, 78, 81, 87–8, 191, 342 Imagines historiarum, 325 Roman de la rose, 439 Opuscula, 72 Roman de Rou (Wace), 88 Ranke, Leopold von, 356 Roman empire, 1, 3, 4, 8, 20–2, 25, 27, 32, 54, 68, Rastell, John, 379 140, 142, 146, 177, 185–6 Rector, Geoff, 44 romance, 13–14, 36, 44, 94–6, 111–12, 371, Red Book of Hergest, 216, 219, 220, 222, 224 389–403, 464 Rede, William, 266 Romance of Horn, 96 Reformation, 14, 257, 420, 422, 433 Rome, 20, 32, 146 registers, 193–4 Rough Wooing, 234 regnum Scotiae, 227 Rous Roll, 93, 475–6 relics, 47, 303, 304, 319, 325, 331, 332, 421, 425 Rous, John, 93, 467, 470, 475–6 Renaissance, 7, 296, 420 Historia regum Angliae, 467, 475, 476 Republic (Plato), 440–1 Royal Frankish Annals, 174–5 Revelation, Book of, 55, 57–9 royal genealogies, 75–6, 83, 97–8 Revelations (Pseudo-Methodius), 62–5 Ruddick, Andrea, 82 rhetoric, 460–1 Rudolf of Ems, 335 Rhetorica ad Herrennium, 2 Ruﬁnus of Aquileia, 20, 437, 441 Rhodes, Jim, 449 Ruin of Britain (De excidio Britanniae). See under Rhygyfarch ap Sulien, Life of David, 48, 212 Gildas Richard Coer de Lyon, 118 Rumwold, Saint, 425 Richard I, King, 348, 380 Richard II, King, 89, 113, 357, 413, 453, 466, Sacrist’s Register, 198, 202 469–70, 473 Saint-Évroul monastery, 46–7 Richard III, King, 470, 475–6, 481 saints’ Lives, 13, 24–6, 27, 41, 47–8, 108, 111, Richard of Devizes, Historia Angliae a Bruto ad 211–12, 299, 301–6, 420, 422–4, 425, 426–8, primordia regni Stephani regis, 72 429–30, 431, 432–5 Richard of Durham (Richard de Slikeburn), 261 Saladin, 133 Richard, duke of York, 470, 472, 473 Sallust, 461 Richard, earl of Cornwall, 321 Catilina, 265 Ricoeur, Paul, 400 Jugurtha, 265 Ripon, 302 Saltair na Rann, 288 Rishanger, William, 337 salvation history, 51

578 Index

Salvianus, De gubernatione Dei, 25 Seynt Mergrete, 397 Samson, Abbot, 48–9, 196–7, 427 Shakespeare, William, 438 Sanas Cormaic, 285 Shetland, 226, 227 Sanford, Cecilia de, 332 Shirle, John, 360 Saracens, 118, 119, 133, 322 Short Chronicle (anonymous), 339, 346, 351–3 Sawyer, Peter, 193 Short Metrical Chronicle (anonymous), 74, 78, Saxo Grammaticus, 314 396–7, 398–9 Saxons, 9, 21, 30, 31, 32, 40, 79, 103, 109–10, 111, Sigebert of Gembloux, 172, 184, 185, 187 131–2, 146, 158, 159, 162–4, 174, 175–6, 178–9, Sigvatr Þórðarson, Knútsdrápa, 169, 170 184, 209, 211, 308, 345 Síl Muiredaig (‘Muiredach’s seed’), 290 Scalacronica (Gray), 74, 242, 451, 462–5 Silvester, Saint, 411–12 Scaldingi, 168–9 Simon de Hesdin, 274 Scandinavian settlers, 8, 9, 11, 163–4, 167, 168–71 Simon de Montfort, 248, 346 Scharer, Anton, 175 Sir Degare, 398 schools, 281, 285, 286–8, 289 Sir Gawain, 361 scop (oral poet), 313, 314 Six Ages of the World, 45, 54–7, 59–62, 213 Scota myth, 234, 235 Skelton, John Scoti, 226–7, 229 Agaynst the Scottes, 382 Scotia, 227 ballade of the scottysshe kynge, 381–2 Scotichronicon (Bower), 49, 225, 232, 234, 235, 236, Skjoldung, 168–9, 170 237, 238, 239, 243 Smalley, Beryl, 258, 259, 260, 261 Scotland, 10, 38, 48, 49, 75, 225–43, 346, 347, 348, Smith, Carrie, 366 351, 362, 381–2, 413–14, 453, 464 Snorri Sturluson, 335 Scotorum historia (Boece), 243 Socrates, 126, 440 Scots language, 226, 231 Soliloquia (Augustine of Hippo), 155 Scots people, 21, 31, 144 Solinus, 139, 143, 262–3 Scottis Originale, 235 Song of Roland, 118 scribes, 204–5, 344–5, 351 South English Legendary, 111, 346, 431–2 scripture, 42, 43, 52–6, 126, 305, see also Bible Southam, John, 274 Scyldingas, 168–9, 170 Southampton, 389 sea travel, 311–12 Southern, Richard, 5–6, 45, 51 Seaán Mór Ó Dubagáin (‘John O’Dugan the Sowdan of Babylon, 118, 133 Great’), 293–4 Speculum de Guy of Warwicke, 397, 398 Seafarer (poem), 311 Speculum historiale (Vincent of Beauvais), 259, Seaxburh, 79–80, 427 261, 267, 274, 275, 335 Second Barons’ War, 197, 393 Speculum humanae salvationis, 52 Second Continuation of the Crowland Chronicle, Speculum maius (Vincent of Beauvais), 261 467, 477, 481–2 Speculum stultorum (Mirror of Fools), 460 Secretum secretorum, 123 Speed, Diane, 150 Sedgwick, Eve, 120 Spence, John, 92 Senan, Saint, 295 Spiegel, Gabrielle, 86, 88 senchaide (professional historians), 11, 49, 279–80, Spiritual Friendship (Aelred of Rievaulx), 43 284, 285–6, 289, 291, 292, 294, 295–8 St Albans, 90, 248, 263, 319, 323, 324–5, 326, 327, senchas (historical lore), 284, 287, 295, 296 328, 330, 336–8, 376, 377, 454 Senchas na mBúrcach, 295 St Andrews Chronicle, 235 Senchus Már (Great Tradition), 280 St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury, 196, 412, Seneca, Tragedies, 261 415–16, 418, 434 Sentences (Peter Lombard), 265 St Bartholomew’s, London, 248 Seven Ages of the World, 7, 8 St Davids, Wales, 212, 213, 217, 428 Seven Books of History Against the Pagans (Historia St Edmund’s Abbey, Bury St Edmunds, 207 adversus paganos) (Orosius), 3–5, 117, 124, St Erkenwald, 128, 246, 247, 257 142, 143, 183, 184, 185, 187, 263 St Mary’s, Worcester, 407–9 Sever, Henry, 274 St Paul’s Cathedral, London, 128, 248 Seymour, John, 476 St Peter’s Abbey, Gloucester, 212 Seynt Katerine, 397–8 Stafford, Pauline, 173

Index 579

Stahuljak, Zrinka, 86 translatio, 400 Stapleton, Thomas, 115 translatio imperii, 183, 184, 185, 186 staraige (ecclesiastical historian), 285, 287 translation, 125–6, 173–4, 274 Staveley, John, 266 travel narratives, 135, 141–2, 150, 311–12 Steedman, Carolyn, 359 Tree of Jesse, 85, 99 Stephen of Ripon, Life of Wilfred, 42, 302, 422–3 Treveris, Peter, 374, 378 Stephen, King, 409 Trevet, Nicholas, 74, 110, 112, 260–1, 339, Stodnick, Jacqueline, 151 353–5, 439 Stow, John, Survey of London, 256 Trevisa, John, 274, 372, 374, 375, 377, 378, Strata Florida Abbey, 49, 213–14, 215, 216, 217–18, 385, 456 220, 221 Trewe encountre, 382 Strohm, Paul, 363 Triads of the Island of Britain, 209 Stubbs, William, 5 Trivet, Nicholas, 41 Sudbury, William, 262 Troia Nova (New Troy), 8, 81, 244, 245, 246, 256 Sulpicius Severus, 422 Troilus and Criseyde (Chaucer), 123, 124, 127, 440 Sutherland, Donald W., 199 Trojan narratives, 123, 219, 228, 230, 265 Sweyn Forkbeard, 158, 163 Troy Book (Lydgate), 263 Swithun, Saint, 428 Tuan, Yi-Fi, 400 Symeon of Durham, 106, 165 Tuatha De Donand fo diamair, 289 Synagoga, 52, 53, 59 Tuathal Ó hUicinn, 296 Synchronisms of Eusebius, 282, 283 Tudor dynasty, 468, 474, 476, 481 Synod of Whitby, 104 Turgot, Life of Margaret, 48 Turville-Petre, Thorlac, 396, 398–9 Táin Bó Cúailnge (Cattle-Raid of Cooley), 287, 288 Two Dispensations, 52, 57 Talbot roll, 93 Tyler, Wat, 357 Taylor, Alice, 233 Ten Books of History (Gregory of Tours), 27, 424 Ubba, 169 Thacker, Alan, 423 uchelwyr (gentry class), 220, 223 Theopano, 181 Ulster cycle, 288 Thietmar, bishop of Merseburg, 139 universal history, 5, 51, 52–7, 65–6, 83, 184–5, Thomas of Canterbury, Saint (Thomas Becket), 336, 354 133, 265, 327, 429, 435 universities, 10, 125, 258–75 Thomas of Cantilupe, 432 Uraicecht Becc (The Little Primer), 284 Thomas of Eccleston, 261 Urban, bishop of Llandaf, 211 Thomas of Lancaster, 464 Ursula, Saint, 433 Thomas of Marlborough, 262 Usk, Adam, 465, 467 Thomas of Monmouth, Life of William of Norwich, 429 Vairement, Richard, 231 Thorney, Roger, 374 Vale, John, 467, 469 Three Laws, 52–3, 57, 58 Valerius Maximus, 273, 274 Three Matters of Romance, 390 Facta et dicta memorabilia, 265, 271 Thule, 4, 146 Valla, Lorenzo, 411–12 Tigernach Ua Brain, 286 Valle Crucis, Wales, 220, 221, 223 Tírechán, Life of St Patrick, 423 van Houts, Elisabeth, 307 Titulus regius, 481 Vegetius, De re militari, 265 Tonry, Kathleen, 374 vellum, 361 Topography of Ireland (Topographia Hibernica) Vercelli manuscript, 425 (Gerald of Wales), 120, 130–1 Vergil, Polydore, 382–3, 417 Tórna Ó Máelchonaire, 296–7 vernacular historiography, 12, 57, 69–70, 111, 172, Tórna Óc, 297 173–4, 175–7, 189–91, 193, 232, 281, 285, 289, Tower of Babel, 282, 283 299, 339–55, 425–6, 431–2, 468 Townend, Matthew, 170 verse, 57, 470–5 Townsend, David, 304 Vespasian, 271 tragedy, 12, 437–49 Victorius, 23 Trajan, Emperor, 8, 127 Vie de St Alban, 325

580 Index

Vie seinte Audree (Marie de France), 41, 111 Welsh language, 208, 214–15, 216, 339 vikings, 9, 11, 157–71 Wemyss, Sir John, 232 Vincent of Beauvais, 260–1 Wenlock, 410 Speculum historiale, 259, 261, 274, 275, 335 Werburge, Saint, 423, 427 Virgil, 8, 118, 127 West Saxon dynasty, 40, 146, 158, 162–4, 174, Aeneid, 121, 122, 128, 131, 287 175–6, 178–9, 184 Visigoths, 122 Westminster Abbey, 248, 447, 448 Visser-Fuchs, Livia, 479 Westminster Chronicle, 262, 357 Vita Edwardi regis (Life of Edward the Weston, Thomas, 365 Confessor), 300 Westphal, Bertrand, 400, 402 Vita Griffini filii Conani (Life of Gruffudd ap Whalley Abbey, 453 Cynan), 212 Whethamstede, John, 263 Vitae duorum Offarum (Lives of the Two Offas) Whitby, 302, 303 (Matthew Paris), 319, 324, 325, 328, 329, White Register, 198, 199 330–1 Whitland Cistercian house, 213–14 Vortigern, 131, 222, 463 Widsith (poem), 301, 312–16, 317, 318 Widukind of Corvey, Deeds of the Saxons, 179–80 Wace, 71, 87–8, 110, 131, 152, 245, 246, 451, Wighton, Geoffrey, 261 456, 458 Wigmore Abbey, 91–2 Roman de Brut, 71, 78, 81, 87–8, 191, 342 William I. See William the Conqueror Roman de Rou, 88 William of Malmesbury, 9, 10, 33, 47, 77, 106, Waldef, 95, 96, 391 108, 141, 146, 149, 152, 154, 190, 211, 325, 326, Waldere (poem), 313 410, 426, 444–5 Wales, 9, 10, 38, 48, 49, 67, 75, 140, 151, 160, 177, De antiquitate Glastonie ecclesie, 410 208–24, 346, 347 Gesta pontificum Anglorum, 146, 154, 325, Waleys, Thomas, 261 326, 410 Wallace (Hary), 232–3, 238–9 Gesta regum Anglorum, 68, 107, 146, 325, 326, Wallace, William, 231, 232–3, 237–8, 241, 242 394, 410 Walsingham, Thomas, 42, 49, 263, 437, William of Newburgh, 336, 416–17 445–8, 454 William of Rubruck, 134 Gesta abbatum monasterii Sancti Albani (Deeds William of St-Calais, Bishop, 165 of the Abbots of St Albans), 49, 90–1 William the Conqueror, 77, 92, 99–100, 106, Walter of Guisborough, 241 149–50, 152, 214, 244, 245, 442, 457, 458–9 Waltham, Roger, 267 Wilton Abbey, 41, 427, 434 Compendium morale, 267, 271–2 Wilton Life of St Edith (Wilton Chronicle), 434 Walworth, William, 357 Winchester, 181, 336 Wanderer (poem), 311 Wodelarke, Robert, 267 Ward, John, 358–9 Woden, 73 Wardlar, Walter, 232 women’s communities, 39, 40–1 Ward-Perkins, Bryan, 150 Barking, 39, 41, 50, 427 Ware, Dr James, 291 Essen, 178, 180, 181, 182 Warkworth, John, 266, 467, 479–80 Gandersheim, 178 Wars of Scottish Independence, 231, 232, 233, Quedlinburg, 178 243 saints’ Lives, 13, 303, 305 Wars of the Roses, 14, 76, 99, 113, 467–82 Wilton Abbey, 41, 427, 434 Warwick Roll, 93 women’s history, 3, 11, 79–80, 299, 300–1 Warwick, earls of, 402, 475–6 Chronicle of Æthelweard, 178 wealas, 151 Life of Christina of Markyate, 430 Wearmouth and Jarrow, 154, 159, 302, 303 women’s writing, 179–80, 300 Weiler, Bjorn, 6 Anna Komnene’s Alexiad, 300 Weiss, Miriam, 322, 327, 331 Earliest Life of Gregory the Great, 299, 300–1, Welles, Sir Robert, 477 305, 317–18 Welsh Historical Continuum, 219–20, 221, Wonders of the East, 123 222, 224 Wood, Ian, 154 Welsh history writing. See Wales Woodford, William, 263

Index 581

Woodman, David, 165 Wulfstan of Winchester, Narratio metrica de Woodville, Elizabeth, 473 S Swithuno, 425 Woolf, Alex, 168 Wyclif, John, 263, 453–4 Worcester Wyclifﬁte Bible, 69, 383 ‘Altitonantis’, 407–9 Wykeham, William, 274 Worcester Chronicle, 45–6, 452 Wyntoun. See Andrew of Wyntoun Wormald, Patrick, 152 Wulfstan II, archbishop of York, 161–2, 171 York, 99, 164, 468, 469, 473, 474 Sermo Lupi ad Anglos, 161–2 Ystoria Dared, 218, 219–20