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Introduction to Athena Thescreenbeforeyou

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Introduction to Athena Thescreenbeforeyou Contents WhatisAthena,Anyway? ............................... .. 1 AthenaRulesofUse ................................... 2 Athena Rules of Use — Continued,Ethics . ...... 3 AthenaClusterManners ............................... ... 4 PasswordSecurity................................... ... 5 HowDoIFindaWorkstation? . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 LoggingIn .......................................... 7 Introduction to Athena TheScreenBeforeYou................................. .. 8 TheShell........................................... 9 SettingUpYourAccount. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 10 RSI 2012 Staff Directories ........................................ .. 11 Filesandtheirnames ................................. ... 12 TheShellSeven...................................... 13 ManipulatingDirectories . ...... 14 MovingWithinDirectories . ..... 15 DirectoriesRedux ................................... ... 16 ~,.,............................................... 17 Makin’Copies ....................................... 18 Movin’onup... ...................................... 19 GetItOuttaHere! .................................... 20 ManipulatingText................................... ... 40 Yourturn........................................... 21 SearchandReplace ................................... .. 41 Yourturn,continued... ..... 22 Gedit:EasierthanEmacs .............................. ... 42 AccessingyourMITemail .............................. ... 43 Public,Private,wwwandOldFiles . ...... 23 Lockers, More Than Places To Leave Bodies . ...... 44 Nautilus:A GraphicalAlternative . ........ 24 WhichLocker?....................................... 45 What’sthe&for?..................................... 25 AFewNotAltogetherUsefulPrograms . ..... 46 Iwantmypromptback! ................................. 26 RunningFirefox ..................................... .. 47 RenewingYourTickets ................................ ... 27 RSIHomepage........................................ 48 OptionsandArguments ................................ .. 28 MITCertificates..................................... .. 49 ItStartedwitha“C”... ............................... .. 29 Zephyr ............................................ 50 IWantless! ......................................... 30 PersonalZephyrs .................................... .. 51 OnePageataTime .................................... 31 IsThereAnybodyOutThere?. ... 52 SaferDeletion ...................................... .. 32 RSIZephyrClasses ................................... .. 53 Don’tBeOverwhelmed................................. .. 54 Printing........................................... 33 MoreOnNotBeingOverwhelmed . .. 55 Emacs............................................. 34 InformationResources . .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 56 Emacs:Whatyousee................................... 35 WorkstationSecurity ................................ .... 57 Minibuffer?ButIJustMetHer! . .... 36 LoggingOut......................................... 58 EmacsCommandSyntax................................. 37 Accessing youraccountfrom off campus. ...... 59 Help!I’mstuckinaminibuffer! . ..... 38 LaptopConfiguration ................................. ... 60 ManipulatingFiles.................................. .... 39 GettingHelp ........................................ 61 Athena Rules of Use What is Athena, Anyway? Don’t violate the intended use of Athena. Full descriptions of and reasoning for the rules can be found at: • MIT’s general computing system (E-mail, Internet access, text editing, spreadsheets, etc.) http://ist.mit.edu/services/athena/olh/rules • Workstations • Don’t let anyone else use your account • Don’t impersonate other individuals in communications • Home directories (2 GB quota) • Don’t attempt to capture or crack passwords • Don’t destroy other people’s data • Printers • Don’t use Athena for financial gain • Mostly Unix and Linux machines • Don’t transmit harassing materials ([email protected]) • Don’t eat stuff. Ever. 1 2 Athena Cluster Manners Athena Rules of Use — Continued, Ethics • Don’t bring food or drink into the cluster • Don’t let anyone know your password • Don’t turn off power to equipment • Don’t violate the privacy of other users • Don’t reconfigure the hardware or software • Don’t login to multiple workstations at a time • Don’t misuse copyrighted material • Don’t leave your workstation unattended • Don’t use Athena to harass anyone in any way • Don’t be loud • Don’t be a printer hog — print only one copy of a document, • Don’t send SPAM or forward chain letters split large jobs into sections 3 4 Password Security As mentioned above, you must keep your password secure. • Don’t let anyone know your password • Passwords must have at least 6 characters and have two • No official person, including Athena help (or TAs), will ever of the following: capital letters, lower case letters, numbers, need your password. Don’t give it to them! symbols, and punctuation marks. • Don’t respond to e-mails saying “Confirm Your MIT Account”. • Don’t let anyone know your password, ever They’re not real! • Don’t let anyone know your password • Choose a password that is secure (e.g., not your name or 123456) 5 How Do I Find a Workstation? The easiest clusters to find are Logging In You only need two things to log in: • 2nd Floor, Simmons (Shared with MITES) • w20-575 (5th floor of the Student Center) • username (e.g., jdoe) • Rotch basement, 12-182, Barker (Along the Infinite) • 37-318, 37-332 (Building 37) • password • 56-129, 66-080 (Near East Campus) Note: you will not see your password on the screen as you type • Quickstations (various places, buildings 16 and 11, etc.) it. To see a full map (or for cluster hopping), use cview or xcluster. 6 7 The Screen Before You The default screen has several notable features: The Shell • GNOME taskbar (the toolbar at the bottom) In Unix systems, the shell is the interface between the user and the computer. When you type a command into the shell at the prompt and press the “Return” key, the computer will do it. • GNOME menus (the menu bar on the top) For example, you run programs from the shell by typing the name of the program. Try typing the following commands in your xterm window: • Terminal window (the big thing on the right) athena$ whoami • Logout button (upper right on GNOME menubar) athena$ tellme combo athena$ xcalc & • Command Line / Prompt (in the xterm window, it starts with athena$) 8 9 Directories Setting Up Your Account Directories are folder that contain other files and folders. You need to run a short command to configure your Athena account for RSI. After typing in the command and pressing When you first log in, your shell starts out in a special directory enter, read your screen to make sure that this process worked. called your home directory. Your home directory is similar to If it didn’t, let us know. If it did, log out (click your name in the “My Documents.” All of your files will be stored here. top-right corner of the screen) and then log back in. The directory that your shell is in at any time is called the athena$ setup rsi “current directory.” If your forget what directory you’re in, use the command pwd to find out where you are. 10 11 The Shell Seven Files and their names • ls - Lists the contents of the current directory You can name files almost anything you want with a few restrictions: • cd - Change directory • 255-character maximum • rm - Removes (deletes) one or more files or directories • Letters, numbers, hyphens, periods, and underscores are allowed • mv - Move/rename a file or directory • Spaces are allowed but try not to use them because file names • cp - Copy a file or directory with spaces require special handling on the shell. • mkdir - Create a new directory • All names are CaSe sEnSItiVe • rmdir - Remove a directory 12 13 Moving Within Directories Manipulating Directories The command to change directories is cd <directoryname>. Simply typing cd will return you to your home directory. • To make a new directory: Let’s say stewieG has the directory bar in his foo directory. • Within foo, he could type athena$ cd bar athena$ mkdir foo • From anywhere, he could type • To remove an empty directory: athena$ cd /mit/stewieG/foo/bar • pwd prints your current directory. athena$ rmdir foo athena$ pwd • To list the contents of the current directory: /afs/athena.mit.edu/user/s/t/stewieG athena$ ls In addition, whenever you’re working with files and directories that already exist, you can press the TAB key after typing the first few characters of the filename and it will add the rest of any matching filenames. 14 15 Directories Redux ~, ., .. The location of a file or directory is specified by its path. In the If you leave your home directory, you may need to refer to it as path, different objects are separated by a forward slash (/). the starting location of a path. You can do this with a tilde. Absolute paths start with a forward slash. Example: ~/foo/bar.tex is the same as /mit/USER/foo/bar.tex /mit/USER/foo.tex Every directory contains two special directories: . and .. Relative paths do not start with a slash and specify a location • relative to the current directory. Example: . refers to the current directory If you are in /mit/stewieG, then Public/foo.tex refers to • .. refers to the directory one level up. /mit/stewieG/Public/foo.tex. 16 17 Makin’ Copies Movin’ on up... The command to copy files is cp. It takes two paths as The mv command also has two main uses: arguments. There are two main usages: • Moving without keeping a copy in the original location: • Copying one file to a new location with a new
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