DOCSLIB.ORG

Unix Commands (09/04/2014)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unix Commands (09/04/2014) Unix Commands (09/04/2014) • Access control – login <login_name> – exit – passwd <login_name> – yppassswd <loginname> – su – • Login as Super user – su <login> • Login as user <login> • Root Prompt – [root@localhost ~] # • User Prompt – [bms@raxama ~] $ On Line Documentation – man <command/topic> – info <command/topic> • Working with directories – mkdir –p <subdir> ... {-p create all directories in path if not present} mkdir –p /2015/Jan/21/14 will create /2015, Jan, 21 & 14 in case any of these is absent – cd <dir> – rm -r <subdir> ... Man Pages • 1 Executable programs or shell commands • 2 System calls (functions provided by the kernel) • 3 Library calls (functions within program libraries) • 4 Special files (usually found in /dev) • 5 File formats and conventions eg /etc/passwd • 6 Games • 7 Miscellaneous (including macro packages and conventions), e.g. man(7), groff(7) • 8 System administration commands (usually only for root) • 9 Kernel routines [Non standard] – man grep, {awk,sed,find,cut,sort} – man –k mysql, man –k dhcp – man crontab ,man 5 crontab – man printf, man 3 printf – man read, man 2 read – man info Runlevels used by Fedora/RHS Refer /etc/inittab • 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) • 1 - Single user mode • 2 - Multiuser, – without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) • 3 - Full multi user mode w/o X • 4 - unused • 5 - X11 • 6 - reboot (Do NOT set init default to this) – init 6 {Reboot System} – init 0 {Halt the System} – reboot {Requires Super User} – <ctrl> <alt> <del> • in tty[2-7] mode – tty switching • <ctrl> <alt> <F1-7> • In Fedora 10 tty1 is X. In earlier versions tty7 is X – X Restarting • <ctrl> <alt> <back space> Command General Info • Some Common Flags – -r / -R recursive operation -l long format – -h human readable form -x extract/extended – -k in Kilo Bytes -i interactive • Meta Characters – * {all 0 or more} – ? {Exact one} – > Redirection Standard out /File (Overwrite) – < Input from Standard in / File – >> Redirection Standard out /File (Append) – | Pipe – ^ Hat – @ at the rate – & ampersand – # hash – ! Exclamatory Sign – {}Curly Brackets/ Braces – [] Big Bracket/Braces – () Small Brackets/Braces – * Start – ~ Tilde – ? Question Mark/ Sign of Interogation – / Slash – \ Back Slash – ` Back Quote – ‘ Single Quote – “ Double Quote – , Comma – : Semi Colon – : Colon – . Dot / Full Stop – > Greater Than , Redirected to – >> Double Redirection to – < Less Than / Redirection from – $ Dollor – + Plus – - Minus – _ Under score – Tab • Most of the command are kept in /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin area. So keep these directories in your PATH | (pipe), more, less • ls –lt | more • ls –lt | less • cat /etc/passwd | grep bash | grep -i -e oo -e my -e mm -e su|awk -F: '{print $1","$7}'> /tmp/login • diff <f1> <f2> | less Unix commands • Directory listing – ls -altRdgh • -a all • -l long format • -t sorted by time order • -R recursive • -d show only directory name • -g show group name also • -h human readable form (Kilo , Mega ,Giga ,T era ,P eta ) – ls –lt /dev/ttyUSB* – ls –al /etc » {to . Files also} – cwd {current working directory} – pwd {present working dirrectory} Redirection • stdin 0, stdout 1 & stderr 2 – ls > ls.out – tail –f /var/log/messages – cat < /etc/passwd – echo “” > /dev/null – ls *.txt *.c *.hhh > out 2>&1 • Put stderr on the same stream as stdout – ls *.txt *.c *.hhh 2> out 1>&2 • Put stdout on the same stream as stderr. Here stderr is redirected to “out” – ls *.txt *.c *.hhh > out 1>&2 • Put stdout on the same stream as stderr which is by default terminal not file “out”. “out” file is for stdout which has been redirected to stderr. Output will appear on screen Unix Commands • Examining text files – cat <file/s> – more <file/s> • only down traversing allowed – less <file/s> • both up/down traversing allowed – tail -<n> <filename> • shows last n lines of a file – wc –c –l –w <file/s> • word counting • -c only character count • -w only word count • -l only line count file <file/s> • tells about type of file for <file/s> – set • See set variables Unix commands • Text files contd’ – grep -i -v –e “str” –e “str2” <file/s> • to find occurrence of the “str” in file/s, -i flag is used to ignore case. • -v List those files which do not have the “str” • -e <search str> grep -i -e lib -e root /etc/passwd diff <file1> <file2> • to see the difference between file1 & file2 – cmp <f1> <f2> or diff <f1> <f2> • for comparing two files f1 & f2 – awk/gawk • cat /etc/passwd | awk –f: ‘{print $1 “:”$5}’ – sed • sed s/root/boot/ </etc/passwd >new • sed 's/\/usr\/local\/bin/\/common\/bin/' <fin >fout – vi/vim/gvim Unix commands • File management – chmod <ooo> <file/s> • for changing permission of file/directory. • d rwx rwx rwx {own group other} • Values between 000 – 777 • 1 – Execute, 2- Write • 3 - Write+Ex, 4 – Read • 5 – Read+Ex, 6 – Rd+Wr • 7 – Rd+Wr+Ex, 0 – No Perms – chown -R <uid> <file/dir> • to change ownership of file/dir – chgrp R <groupid> <file/dir> • to change groupid of file/dir – cp -r <src> <dst> – mv <src> <dst> • will not work across the file systems – rm -r <file/dir> Unix commands • Conversion of files – dd {Disk Dump } – Create Installable Pen drive for Cent OS 6.5 # dd if=CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso of=/dev/sdb – Create Pidora bootable SD Card for Respberry Pi # dd bs=4M if=2015-05-05-raspbian-wheezy.img of=/dev/sdd – od {Octal Dump } # od –cx /etc/hosts • Process related commands – ps aux {Process Status } • to see all process – pstree • To see the complete process tree – kill -n <process-id> • -n Killing Priority Level • to kill a process – killall <ProcessName> • Kill all processes related to <Process Name> • killall wvdial – bg {BackGround } • to put a process in background – fg {ForeGround } • to put a process in foreground Unix commands • Printing – lpr -P<printer> <file/s> • See Print Queue – lpq -P<printer> • Print Job Removal from Queue – lprm -P<printer> <print-job-no.> • to manage printer – lpc • to see the queue status – lpstat Unix commands • General commands – find -print <pathname> <file/s> • to find a matching file • find /home -type f -name "*.obj" -exec rm -f {} find all .obj files in /home & remove • find / -mtime +50 –mtime -100 files modified within last 50 to 100 days – which <file> • tells about the path of the file – who • tells about how many person are currently working on the system – who am I • tells about current user – W All logged in users – id • tells about current uid/gid – free • Display amount of free and used memory in the system Unix commands • General command contd’ – finger <login-name> • tells about login-name – cal • calendar command – date {hwclock, clock} • set/get date & time – df –h • tells about disk free space in human readable form – du -s -k –h <file/dir> • tells about disk usage • Preferably use –h in place of –k – dmesg • to print out their bootup messages Unix commands • General commands contd’ – echo <str> • to display <str> on terminal – touch <file/dir/s> • For updating last modification time of file/dirs – split <switches> <file> • to split a file in various pieces – sort -n <text-file/s> • sort a text file in various ways • -n Numeric Sort – ln -s <dst> <src> • to create a soft link between src & dst Unix commands • General commands contd’ – newgroup <group> • (make <group> the current group) – mesg -n • deny other uers to write on your terminal – mesg -y • allow other uers to write on your terminal – write <user> <terminal> • for writing a message on <user>@<terminal> Unix commands • General commands contd’ – stty erase <BS> • for setting the backspace char – stty –F <device> -a • Show the current setting of <device> – stty –F <device> [-]<parameter> • Set/reset [use “–”] parameter – stty –F /dev/RF1 –crtscts • unset parameter “ crtscts ” – stty –F /dev/GSM crtscts • set parameter “ crtscts ” – stty –F /dev/GPS –g • print all current settings in a “stty” readable form Unix commands • System commands • sync • Writing memory buffers into disk • time <command> • tells about elapsed real, user & system time • umask <xyx> • <xyz> is an octal 3 digit number • sets default permission of newly created files (compliment of file- permission) Unix commands • System commands contd. – uname -a • gives detail about hostname, OS, OS ver. – uptime • tells about system’s uptime details, no. of users, load etc – wall <mesg> ^d • to send <mesg> to all user of the system. – halt System halt – poweroff System shutdown – reboot System reboot Unix commands • System commands – tar <flags> files [<filename.tar>] • main flags are • -v verbose • -t show list of files in a tar tape/file • -x extract files • -c copy files in archive media/file • -f <file.tar> make a tar file as <file.tar> • -I <include-file> include only those files which are listed in <include-file> • -i ignore checksum errors • -z filter the archive through gzip • X <exclude-file> – excludes files which are listed in <exclude-file> – if one file name is mentioned in inlude- file asw ell as in exclude-file then file will not be in tar Disk:System commands • fsck [options] <filesys> {File System Check} – -A check all FSs listed in /etc/fstab – -a automatic repair – -r ask confirmation before update • mkfs [options] <filesys> {Make File System} – -t fs-type {ext4, xfs for Linux} • mkswap -c /dev/hda2 {Make Swap Area} – -c means check for bad blocks • swapon <filesys> • format {Format File System} – interactive command to format disk • mount <src> <dst> – Mount Pen Drive, CD/DVD Drive, NTFS, NFS file system • Mount /dev/sda1 /mnt • umount <fileSystem> – Unmount Pen Drive, CD/DVD Drive, NTFS, NFS file system • umount /mnt • exportfs –a -u {/etc/exports} – -a Export or unexport all directories – -u Unexport one or more directories Disk:System commands • fsck An interactive utility for partitions – Internal commands – a make partition active/in active – d delete partition – l list type of partition – m shows list of all commands – n add new partition – q quit without save – t change file-system type – w write partition table & exit – e list extended partitions – r return to main menu • List disk Partitions – fdisk -l Unix N/W commands • telnet [<portno>] <host> – for connecting remote host to work.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Administering Unidata on UNIX Platforms
    C:\Program Files\Adobe\FrameMaker8\UniData 7.2\7.2rebranded\ADMINUNIX\ADMINUNIXTITLE.fm March 5, 2010 1:34 pm Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta UniData Administering UniData on UNIX Platforms UDT-720-ADMU-1 C:\Program Files\Adobe\FrameMaker8\UniData 7.2\7.2rebranded\ADMINUNIX\ADMINUNIXTITLE.fm March 5, 2010 1:34 pm Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Beta Notices Edition Publication date: July, 2008 Book number: UDT-720-ADMU-1 Product version: UniData 7.2 Copyright © Rocket Software, Inc. 1988-2010. All Rights Reserved. Trademarks The following trademarks appear in this publication: Trademark Trademark Owner Rocket Software™ Rocket Software, Inc. Dynamic Connect® Rocket Software, Inc. RedBack® Rocket Software, Inc. SystemBuilder™ Rocket Software, Inc. UniData® Rocket Software, Inc. UniVerse™ Rocket Software, Inc. U2™ Rocket Software, Inc. U2.NET™ Rocket Software, Inc. U2 Web Development Environment™ Rocket Software, Inc. wIntegrate® Rocket Software, Inc. Microsoft® .NET Microsoft Corporation Microsoft® Office Excel®, Outlook®, Word Microsoft Corporation Windows® Microsoft Corporation Windows® 7 Microsoft Corporation Windows Vista® Microsoft Corporation Java™ and all Java-based trademarks and logos Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX® X/Open Company Limited ii SB/XA Getting Started The above trademarks are property of the specified companies in the United States, other countries, or both. All other products or services mentioned in this document may be covered by the trademarks, service marks, or product names as designated by the companies who own or market them. License agreement This software and the associated documentation are proprietary and confidential to Rocket Software, Inc., are furnished under license, and may be used and copied only in accordance with the terms of such license and with the inclusion of the copyright notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Embedding Redhat Linux in a Diskonchip - HOWTO
    Embedding Redhat Linux in a DiskOnChip - HOWTO Don Davies, Prosig Ltd ( [email protected]) October 2002 Describes the configuration and setup of a development environment for a Single Board Computer running Redhat Linux from a DiskOnChip device. Contents 1.0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................3 1.1 Hardware Details..................................................................................................3 1.2 System Configuration ...........................................................................................4 2.0 DOS Development Environment...........................................................................5 2.1 DiskOnChip Tools ................................................................................................5 2.2 Boot Loader..........................................................................................................6 2.3 MS-DOS System Startup......................................................................................6 3.0 Linux Development Environment ......................................................................7 3.1 Custom Kernel Configuration ............................................................................8 3.2 Building Custom Kernel ..................................................................................10 3.3 Booting Custom Kernel ...................................................................................10 3.4 Formatting DiskOnChip for Linux
    [Show full text]
  • Types and Programming Languages by Benjamin C
    < Free Open Study > . .Types and Programming Languages by Benjamin C. Pierce ISBN:0262162091 The MIT Press © 2002 (623 pages) This thorough type-systems reference examines theory, pragmatics, implementation, and more Table of Contents Types and Programming Languages Preface Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2 - Mathematical Preliminaries Part I - Untyped Systems Chapter 3 - Untyped Arithmetic Expressions Chapter 4 - An ML Implementation of Arithmetic Expressions Chapter 5 - The Untyped Lambda-Calculus Chapter 6 - Nameless Representation of Terms Chapter 7 - An ML Implementation of the Lambda-Calculus Part II - Simple Types Chapter 8 - Typed Arithmetic Expressions Chapter 9 - Simply Typed Lambda-Calculus Chapter 10 - An ML Implementation of Simple Types Chapter 11 - Simple Extensions Chapter 12 - Normalization Chapter 13 - References Chapter 14 - Exceptions Part III - Subtyping Chapter 15 - Subtyping Chapter 16 - Metatheory of Subtyping Chapter 17 - An ML Implementation of Subtyping Chapter 18 - Case Study: Imperative Objects Chapter 19 - Case Study: Featherweight Java Part IV - Recursive Types Chapter 20 - Recursive Types Chapter 21 - Metatheory of Recursive Types Part V - Polymorphism Chapter 22 - Type Reconstruction Chapter 23 - Universal Types Chapter 24 - Existential Types Chapter 25 - An ML Implementation of System F Chapter 26 - Bounded Quantification Chapter 27 - Case Study: Imperative Objects, Redux Chapter 28 - Metatheory of Bounded Quantification Part VI - Higher-Order Systems Chapter 29 - Type Operators and Kinding Chapter 30 - Higher-Order Polymorphism Chapter 31 - Higher-Order Subtyping Chapter 32 - Case Study: Purely Functional Objects Part VII - Appendices Appendix A - Solutions to Selected Exercises Appendix B - Notational Conventions References Index List of Figures < Free Open Study > < Free Open Study > Back Cover A type system is a syntactic method for automatically checking the absence of certain erroneous behaviors by classifying program phrases according to the kinds of values they compute.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Linux – Part 1
    Introduction to Linux – Part 1 Brett Milash and Wim Cardoen Center for High Performance Computing May 22, 2018 ssh Login or Interactive Node kingspeak.chpc.utah.edu Batch queue system … kp001 kp002 …. kpxxx FastX ● https://www.chpc.utah.edu/documentation/software/fastx2.php ● Remote graphical sessions in much more efficient and effective way than simple X forwarding ● Persistence - can be disconnected from without closing the session, allowing users to resume their sessions from other devices. ● Licensed by CHPC ● Desktop clients exist for windows, mac, and linux ● Web based client option ● Server installed on all CHPC interactive nodes and the frisco nodes. Windows – alternatives to FastX ● Need ssh client - PuTTY ● http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html - XShell ● http://www.netsarang.com/download/down_xsh.html ● For X applications also need X-forwarding tool - Xming (use Mesa version as needed for some apps) ● http://www.straightrunning.com/XmingNotes/ - Make sure X forwarding enabled in your ssh client Linux or Mac Desktop ● Just need to open up a terminal or console ● When running applications with graphical interfaces, use ssh –Y or ssh –X Getting Started - Login ● Download and install FastX if you like (required on windows unless you already have PuTTY or Xshell installed) ● If you have a CHPC account: - ssh [email protected] ● If not get a username and password: - ssh [email protected] Shell Basics q A Shell is a program that is the interface between you and the operating system
    [Show full text]
  • Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
    Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Is C. Diff So Hard to Culture and Kill?
    Why is C. diff so hard to culture and kill? Clostridium difficile, commonly referred to as C. diff, is the #1 nosocomial infection in hospitals (it actually kicked staph infections out of the top spot). At Assurance, we test for this organism as part of our Gastrointestinal (GI) panel. C. diff is a gram-positive anaerobe, meaning it does not like oxygen. Its defensive mechanism is sporulation – where it essentially surrounds itself with a tough outer layer of keratin and can live in water, soil, etc. for over a decade. For reference, anthrax is another organism that sporulates. Once C. diff sporulates, it is very hard to kill and in fact, bleach is one of the only disinfectants that work. Unfortunately, it can spread quickly throughout hospitals. Spores of C. diff are found all over hospital surfaces and even in some hospital water systems. It’s the most threatening for those who are immunocompromised or the elderly, who are the most likely to end up with C. diff infections. With our PCR testing, we’re looking for the C. diff organism itself but we’re also looking at the production of toxin. Unless it produces toxins A AND B together OR toxin B, C. diff doesn’t cause severe disease. Many babies are exposed to it during birth or in the hospitals and may test positive on our GI panel. Unless they are expressing those toxins (both toxin A&B or just toxin B) it is not considered a clinical infection. Studies show that toxins A&B together causes infection, as well as toxin B.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Introduction to Unix-2019-AMS
    Brief Intro to Linux/Unix Brief Intro to Unix (contd) A Brief Introduction to o Brief History of Unix o Compilers, Email, Text processing o Basics of a Unix session o Image Processing Linux/Unix – AMS 2019 o The Unix File System Pete Pokrandt o Working with Files and Directories o The vi editor UW-Madison AOS Systems Administrator o Your Environment [email protected] o Common Commands Twitter @PTH1 History of Unix History of Unix History of Unix o Created in 1969 by Kenneth Thompson and Dennis o Today – two main variants, but blended o It’s been around for a long time Ritchie at AT&T o Revised in-house until first public release 1977 o System V (Sun Solaris, SGI, Dec OSF1, AIX, o It was written by computer programmers for o 1977 – UC-Berkeley – Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) linux) computer programmers o 1983 – Sun Workstations produced a Unix Workstation o BSD (Old SunOS, linux, Mac OSX/MacOS) o Case sensitive, mostly lowercase o AT&T unix -> System V abbreviations 1 Basics of a Unix Login Session Basics of a Unix Login Session Basics of a Unix Login Session o The Shell – the command line interface, o Features provided by the shell o Logging in to a unix session where you enter commands, etc n Create an environment that meets your needs n login: username n Some common shells n Write shell scripts (batch files) n password: tImpAw$ n Define command aliases (this Is my password At work $) Bourne Shell (sh) OR n Manipulate command history IHateHaving2changeMypasswordevery3weeks!!! C Shell (csh) n Automatically complete the command
    [Show full text]
  • Unix/Linux Command Reference
    Unix/Linux Command Reference .com File Commands System Info ls – directory listing date – show the current date and time ls -al – formatted listing with hidden files cal – show this month's calendar cd dir - change directory to dir uptime – show current uptime cd – change to home w – display who is online pwd – show current directory whoami – who you are logged in as mkdir dir – create a directory dir finger user – display information about user rm file – delete file uname -a – show kernel information rm -r dir – delete directory dir cat /proc/cpuinfo – cpu information rm -f file – force remove file cat /proc/meminfo – memory information rm -rf dir – force remove directory dir * man command – show the manual for command cp file1 file2 – copy file1 to file2 df – show disk usage cp -r dir1 dir2 – copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it du – show directory space usage doesn't exist free – show memory and swap usage mv file1 file2 – rename or move file1 to file2 whereis app – show possible locations of app if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into which app – show which app will be run by default directory file2 ln -s file link – create symbolic link link to file Compression touch file – create or update file tar cf file.tar files – create a tar named cat > file – places standard input into file file.tar containing files more file – output the contents of file tar xf file.tar – extract the files from file.tar head file – output the first 10 lines of file tar czf file.tar.gz files – create a tar with tail file – output the last 10 lines
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Department of Revenue
    Form MV-9W (Rev. 6-2015) Web and MV Manual Georgia Department of Revenue - Motor Vehicle Division Request for Manufacture of a Special Veteran License Plate ______________________________________________________________________________________ Purpose of this Form: This form is to be used to apply for a military license plate/tag. This form should not be used to record a change of ownership, change of address, or change of license plate classification. Required documentation: You must provide a legible copy of your service discharge (DD-214, DD-215, or for World War II veterans, a WD form) indicating your branch and term of service. If you are an active duty member, a copy of the approved documentation supporting your current membership in the respective reserve or National Guard unit is required. In the case of a retired reserve member from that unit, you must furnish approved documentation supporting the current retired membership status from that reserve unit. OWNER INFORMATION First Name Middle Initial Last Name Suffix Owners’ Full Legal Name: Mailing Address: City: State: Zip: Telephone Number: Owner(s)’ Full Legal Name: First Name Middle Initial Last Name Suffix If secondary Owner(s) are listed Mailing Address: City: State: Zip: Telephone Number: VEHICLE INFORMATION Passenger Vehicle Motorcycle Private Truck Vehicle Identification Number (VIN): Year: Make: Model: CAMPAIGN/TOUR of DUTY Branch of Service: SERVICE AWARD Branch of Service: LICENSE PLATES ______________________ LICENSE PLATES ______________________ World War I World
    [Show full text]
  • “Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T  We’Ll Start with a Sign in Sheet
    “Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T We’ll start with a sign in sheet. We’ll end with a class evaluation. We’ll cover as much as we can in the time allowed; if we don’t cover everything, you’ll pick it up as you continue working with Linux. This is a hands-on, lab class; ask questions at any time. Commands for you to type are in BOLD The Most Common O/S Used By BU Researchers When Working on a Server or Computer Cluster Linux is a Unix clone begun in 1991 and written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. 64% of the world’s servers run some variant of Unix or Linux. The Android phone and the Kindle run Linux. a set of small Linux is an O/S core programs written by written by Linus Richard Stallman and Torvalds and others others. They are the AND GNU utilities. http://www.gnu.org/ Network: ssh, scp Shells: BASH, TCSH, clear, history, chsh, echo, set, setenv, xargs System Information: w, whoami, man, info, which, free, echo, date, cal, df, free Command Information: man, info Symbols: |, >, >>, <, ;, ~, ., .. Filters: grep, egrep, more, less, head, tail Hotkeys: <ctrl><c>, <ctrl><d> File System: ls, mkdir, cd, pwd, mv, touch, file, find, diff, cmp, du, chmod, find File Editors: gedit, nedit You need a “xterm” emulation – software that emulates an “X” terminal and that connects using the “SSH” Secure Shell protocol. ◦ Windows Use StarNet “X-Win32:” http://www.bu.edu/tech/support/desktop/ distribution/xwindows/xwin32/ ◦ Mac OS X “Terminal” is already installed Why? Darwin, the system on which Apple's Mac OS X is built, is a derivative of 4.4BSD-Lite2 and FreeBSD.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Performance Task Summary Explanation
    Lab Report: 11.2.5 Manage Files Your Performance Your Score: 0 of 3 (0%) Pass Status: Not Passed Elapsed Time: 6 seconds Required Score: 100% Task Summary Actions you were required to perform: In Compress the D:\Graphics folderHide Details Set the Compressed attribute Apply the changes to all folders and files In Hide the D:\Finances folder In Set Read-only on filesHide Details Set read-only on 2017report.xlsx Set read-only on 2018report.xlsx Do not set read-only for the 2019report.xlsx file Explanation In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Compress the D:\Graphics folder and all of its contents. Hide the D:\Finances folder. Make the following files Read-only: D:\Finances\2017report.xlsx D:\Finances\2018report.xlsx Complete this lab as follows: 1. Compress a folder as follows: a. From the taskbar, open File Explorer. b. Maximize the window for easier viewing. c. In the left pane, expand This PC. d. Select Data (D:). e. Right-click Graphics and select Properties. f. On the General tab, select Advanced. g. Select Compress contents to save disk space. h. Click OK. i. Click OK. j. Make sure Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files is selected. k. Click OK. 2. Hide a folder as follows: a. Right-click Finances and select Properties. b. Select Hidden. c. Click OK. 3. Set files to Read-only as follows: a. Double-click Finances to view its contents. b. Right-click 2017report.xlsx and select Properties. c. Select Read-only. d. Click OK. e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Linux Command Line
    The Linux Command Line Fifth Internet Edition William Shotts A LinuxCommand.org Book Copyright ©2008-2019, William E. Shotts, Jr. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No De- rivative Works 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit the link above or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042. A version of this book is also available in printed form, published by No Starch Press. Copies may be purchased wherever fine books are sold. No Starch Press also offers elec- tronic formats for popular e-readers. They can be reached at: https://www.nostarch.com. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. This book is part of the LinuxCommand.org project, a site for Linux education and advo- cacy devoted to helping users of legacy operating systems migrate into the future. You may contact the LinuxCommand.org project at http://linuxcommand.org. Release History Version Date Description 19.01A January 28, 2019 Fifth Internet Edition (Corrected TOC) 19.01 January 17, 2019 Fifth Internet Edition. 17.10 October 19, 2017 Fourth Internet Edition. 16.07 July 28, 2016 Third Internet Edition. 13.07 July 6, 2013 Second Internet Edition. 09.12 December 14, 2009 First Internet Edition. Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................xvi Why Use the Command Line?......................................................................................xvi
    [Show full text]