Security Council Distr.: General 17 September 2012
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Potential for an Assad Statelet in Syria
THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras policy focus 132 | december 2013 the washington institute for near east policy www.washingtoninstitute.org The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessar- ily those of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. MAPS Fig. 1 based on map designed by W.D. Langeraar of Michael Moran & Associates that incorporates data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP- WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC. Figs. 2, 3, and 4: detail from The Tourist Atlas of Syria, Syria Ministry of Tourism, Directorate of Tourist Relations, Damascus. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2013 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20036 Cover: Digitally rendered montage incorporating an interior photo of the tomb of Hafez al-Assad and a partial view of the wheel tapestry found in the Sheikh Daher Shrine—a 500-year-old Alawite place of worship situated in an ancient grove of wild oak; both are situated in al-Qurdaha, Syria. Photographs by Andrew Tabler/TWI; design and montage by 1000colors. -
Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
Hama Governorate, April 2018 OVERALL FINDINGS1
Hama Governorate, April 2018 Humanitarian Situation Overview in Syria (HSOS) OVERALL FINDINGS1 Coverage Hama governorate, located on the banks of the Orontes River, is positioned to the south of Idleb governorate and the north of Homs governorate. Offensives against the group known as the so-called Ziyara Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) throughout mid-2017 and into early 2018 have resulted in ALEPPO large-scale displacement, both within and out of the governorate to neighbouring Idleb. In April, conflict in Northern Hama governorate between opposition groups, ISIL, and government forces intensified. As a IDLEB result of prolonged conflict,33 of the 82 assessed communities estimated that less than 50% of pre-conflict Shat- populations remained. Additionally, Key Informants (KIs) in 24 of the assessed communities reported that ha further pre-conflict populations left their communities in April, primarily due to an escalation in conflict. Madiq Castle However, Mahruseh and Ankawi communities both experienced spontaneous IDP returns, approximately Hamra 208 in total2. Additionally, Mahruseh community also experienced approximately 67 spontaneous refugee returnees from Jordan, Turkey, and Lebanon in April. Please see the IDP Situation Monitoring Initiative As-SuqaylabiyahKarnaz Kafr Zeita (ISMI) April 2018 monthly report for further analysis. Suran Tell Salhib In 6 of the assessed communities, all in Hama and As-Suqaylabiyah districts, KIs estimated that between Muhradah 51-100% of the buildings in their communities were damaged. Additionally, seven communities reported that there was no electricity source available. In terms of water, 30 of the assessed communities reported Jeb Ramleh having an insufficient amount of water to meet household needs. -
Security Council Distr.: General 8 November 2012
United Nations S/2012/518 Security Council Distr.: General 8 November 2012 Original: English Identical letters dated 3 July 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council Upon instructions from my Government and following my letters dated 16 to 20 and 23 to 25 April, 7, 11, 14 to 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 and 31 May, 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, 19, 20, 25, 27 and 28 June and 2 and 3 July 2012, I have the honour to transmit herewith a detailed list of violations of cessation of violence that were committed by armed groups in Syria on 30 June 2012 (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Bashar Ja’afari Ambassador Permanent Representative 12-58113 (E) 271112 271112 *1258113* S/2012/518 Annex to the identical letters dated 3 July 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council [Original: Arabic] Saturday, 30 June 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. At 2000 hours on 29 June 2012, an armed terrorist group opened fire with guns and rocket-propelled grenades towards the Marj al-Sultan airport from the South. 2. At 2000 hours on 29 June 2012, an armed terrorist group opened fire using various types of weapon on law enforcement officers in Duma, killing Sergeant Muhammad Salim and wounding 17 officers, including two majors. -
Security Council Distr.: General 22 December 2016 English Original: Russian
United Nations S/2016/1081 Security Council Distr.: General 22 December 2016 English Original: Russian Letter dated 20 December 2016 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to transmit herewith information bulletins from the Russian Centre for Reconciliation of Opposing Sides in the Syrian Arab Republic for the period 16-19 December 2016 (see annex). I should be grateful if the text of this letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) V. Churkin 16-22832 (E) 301216 030117 *1622832* S/2016/1081 Annex to the letter dated 20 December 2016 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Information bulletin of the Russian Centre for Reconciliation of Opposing Sides in the Syrian Arab Republic (16 December 2016) Reconciliation of opposing sides Over the past 24 hours, four ceasefire regime agreements have been signed with populated areas in Ladhiqiyah governorate (3) and Homs governorate (1). The number of populated areas that have joined the reconciliation process has increased to 1,061. Negotiations on joining the ceasefire regime continued with field commanders of armed groups in Damascus governorate and armed opposition units in Homs, Hama, Aleppo and Qunaytirah governorates. The number of armed groups that have announced their commitment to accepting and fulfilling the terms of the ceasefire is unchanged — it is still 94. Observance of the ceasefire regime Over the past 24 hours, there were 29 reports of shelling by armed group s in Damascus governorate (13), Aleppo governorate (12), Hama governorate (2) and Dar‘a governorate (2). -
The Verses of the Holy Quran and Have Presented Some Narrations Dealing with the Watching of God in the Other World
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION By the honorable scholar of Nahjolbalaqa and the in- structor of Divine Knowledge, Mohammad Taqi Ja’afari In The Name of Allah One of those meaningful and constructive aspects of the pos- itive dimensions of man is invocation and having communica- tion with Allah. The lack of correct interpretation and sufficient explanation on these invocations on the one hand, and the great inclination of interest-centered individuals, on the other hand, has deprived numerous people at all times and in many communities of establishing rapport with the Absolute Perfection. The only result of the destruction of those meaningful and constructive facts and truths was not merely the deprivation of men of beautiful, useful and desired phenomena; rather the hu- man rational life, any minute of which could taste of eternity, has lost its very genuine Identity. Then there would remain nothing for the human wisdom. Let us not conceive that the beauty, order and welfare in the so-called progressed countries could satisfy the conscience of humanity. And let us not assume that the inclination of the ma- jority of the world population towards this earthly life is based on clear understanding of the truth behind life.1 But if we observe carefully we will realize that their satisfac- tion with their life all depends on their interest in those means and representations of the world in which life is depicted very insignificantly. Invocation is one of those meaningful concepts which build up human character. Other such concepts are the following: 2 1. Right and Truth 2. -
Syrian Qanat Romani: History, Ecology, Abandonment
Journal of Arid Environments (1996) 33: 321–336 Syrian qanat Romani: history, ecology, abandonment Dale R. Lightfoot Department of Geography, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, U.S.A. (Received 21 April 1995, accepted 10 July 1995) Syrian qanat Romani (subterranean aqueducts) were studied as part of a broader project examining the role of qanats in a modern world. Fieldwork was designed to: (1) produce a comprehensive map showing the location and current status of all Syrian qanats; (2) determine the relationship between qanat sites, ancient settlements, and ecological zones; and (3) evaluate the degree to which modern water technology has displaced qanat systems and assess the impact of these changes on Syria’s ground-water resources. A map showing the distribution and status of qanats across Syria presents a picture of widespread abandonment of recently desiccated qanats, implicating ground-water depletion and underscoring the need for coordinated and sustainable aquifer management in Syria. ©1996 Academic Press Limited Keywords: qanets; Syria; aquifers; water resources; ground-water Introduction New and often rapacious water technologies have all but replaced traditional irrigation systems in the Middle East, aggravating an impending water crisis and further complicating regional water compacts in an already politically complex region. ‘Out with the old and in with the new’ is, however, the inevitable outcome in a region that is modernizing its modes of production and geometrically multiplying its population. Traditional, lower-impact irrigation technologies can no longer support the region’s rapidly burgeoning numbers of people. Yet newer technologies — especially ground- water pumping devices — cannot for long keep pace with rising water needs, and may instead deplete now viable aquifers and preclude their use even for lower-impact traditional irrigation. -
Security Council Distr.: General 26 July 2012
United Nations S/2012/386 Security Council Distr.: General 26 July 2012 Original: English Identical letters dated 31 May 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council Upon instructions from my Government, and following my letters dated 16-20 and 23-25 April and 7, 11, 14-16, 18, 21, 24 and 29 May, I have the honour to attach herewith a detailed list of violations of cessation of violence committed by armed groups in Syria on 27 May 2012 (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Bashar Ja’afari Ambassador Permanent Representative 12-44240 (E) 310712 030812 *1244240* S/2012/386 Annex to the identical letters dated 31 May 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council [Original: Arabic] Sunday, 27 May 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. At 2100 hours on 26 May 2012, an armed terrorist group stole a car, licence plate No. 194350, that had been placed at the disposal of Colonel Sabri al-Khalaf, Engineer, near the military petrol station in Hirista. 2. At 2120 hours on 26 May 2012, an armed terrorist group opened fire on the command headquarters of a detachment of border guards in Yabrud. 3. At 2200 hours on 26 May 2012, an armed terrorist group opened fire on a law enforcement checkpoint in Irbin, killing Corporal Ayham As‘ad. -
Consejo De Seguridad Distr
Naciones Unidas S/2012/667 Consejo de Seguridad Distr. general 20 de diciembre de 2012 Español Original: inglés Cartas idénticas de fecha 23 de agosto de 2012 dirigidas al Secretario General y al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad por el Representante Permanente de la República Árabe Siria ante las Naciones Unidas Siguiendo instrucciones de mi Gobierno y en relación con mis cartas de fechas 16 a 20 y 23 a 25 de abril, 7, 11, 14 a 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 y 31 de mayo, 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, 19, 20, 25, 27 y 28 de junio, 2, 3, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17 y 24 de julio, y 1, 2, 8, 10 y 14 a 16 de agosto de 2012, tengo el honor de trasmitirle adjunta una lista pormenorizada de las violaciones del cese de la violencia cometidas por grupos armados en la República Árabe Siria desde la noche del domingo 12 de agosto de 2012 hasta la del lunes 13 de agosto de 2012 (véase el anexo). Le agradecería que tuviera a bien hacer distribuir la presente carta y su anexo como documento del Consejo de Seguridad. (Firmado) Bashar Ja’afari Embajador Representante Permanente 12-66083 (S) 271212 281212 *1266083* S/2012/667 Anexo de las cartas idénticas de fecha 23 de agosto de 2012 dirigidas al Secretario General y al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad por el Representante Permanente de la República Árabe Siria ante las Naciones Unidas [Original: árabe] Violations committed by the armed terrorist groups between 2000 hours on 12 August 2012 and 2000 hours on 13 August 2012 Place Time Violations committed by armed terrorist groups and result thereof 1. -
S Y R I a I N T E L L I G E N C E R E P O
A B O U T I N T E G R I T Y U K Integrity UK is an organisation committed to preventing extremism through innovative approaches to promoting integration, cohesion and social reconciliation within the MENA region and the UK. S Y R I A I N T E L L I G E N C E R E P O R T 15th May 2018 The ninth round of Syria Peace Talks in Astana continued on Tuesday. The second day of the talks saw the delegation of 24 Syrian Opposition representatives led by the former Syrian Interim Government Prime Minister Ahmed Touma. Citing Opposition sources, Turkey's Anadolu News Agency reported that the second day of the talks would concern the release of prisoners and hostages, as well as the completion of the ceasefire monitoring stations in Idlib by the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK). The three guarantor countries, Russia, Turkey and Iran are also expected to have a trilateral meeting before all delegations will convene for a final statement. Although the final statement is yet to be made, the head of the Syrian Government delegation, Bashar al-Jaafari, expressed his side’s satisfaction at the outcomes of the talks. The Syrian Foreign Ministry issued a statement on Monday evening, commenting on the protests in Gaza where around 50 Palestinians were killed. Unsurprisingly, the statement pinned the blame purely on the Israel Defence Forces (IDF), referring to the Monday's events as a “brutal massacre” and condemning it in the strongest terms. The statement also condemned the United States for its continued support for the IDF. -
From Exclusivism to Accommodation: Doctrinal and Legal Evolution of Wahhabism
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW VOLUME 79 MAY 2004 NUMBER 2 COMMENTARY FROM EXCLUSIVISM TO ACCOMMODATION: DOCTRINAL AND LEGAL EVOLUTION OF WAHHABISM ABDULAZIZ H. AL-FAHAD*t INTRODUCTION On August 2, 1990, Iraq attacked Kuwait. For several days there- after, the Saudi Arabian media was not allowed to report the invasion and occupation of Kuwait. When the Saudi government was satisfied with the U.S. commitment to defend the country, it lifted the gag on the Saudi press as American and other soldiers poured into Saudi Arabia. In retrospect, it seems obvious that the Saudis, aware of their vulnerabilities and fearful of provoking the Iraqis, were reluctant to take any public position on the invasion until it was ascertained * Copyright © 2004 by Abdulaziz H. AI-Fahad. B.A., 1979, Michigan State University; M.A., 1980, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies; J.D., 1984, Yale Law School. Mr. Al-Fahad is a practicing attorney in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Conference on Transnational Connec- tions: The Arab Gulf and Beyond, at St. John's College, Oxford University, September 2002, and at the Yale Middle East Legal Studies Seminar in Granada, Spain, January 10-13, 2003. t Editors' note: Many of the sources cited herein are available only in Arabic, and many of those are unavailable in the English-speaking world; we therefore have not been able to verify them in accordance with our normal cite-checking procedures. Because we believe that this Article represents a unique and valuable contribution to Western legal scholarship, we instead have relied on the author to provide translations or to verify the substance of particular sources where possible and appropriate. -
PDF | 345.15 KB | English Version
United Nations S/2021/319 Security Council Distr.: General 19 April 2021 English Original: Russian Letter dated 31 March 2021 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to transmit herewith information bulletins from the Russian Federation Ministry of Defence regarding the status of implementation of the memorandum on the creation of de-escalation areas in the Syrian Arab Republic for the period from 1 to 31 March 2021 (see annex). I should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) V. Nebenzia 21-05181 (E) 220421 260421 *2105181* S/2021/319 Annex to the letter dated 31 March 2021 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Information bulletin from the Russian Federation Ministry of Defence regarding the status of implementation of the memorandum on the creation of de-escalation areas (1 March 2021) Observance of the ceasefire regime Monitoring groups have continued to monitor observance of the ceasefire regime as part of implementing the memorandum on the creation of de-escalation areas in the Syrian Arab Republic, signed by the Russian Federation, the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran on 4 May 2017. By agreement between the Russian Federation and Turkey, a ceasefire regime came into effect in the Idlib de-escalation area at 0001 hours on 6 March 2020. The Russian representative office of the Russian and Turkish Joint Commission reviewing issues related to violations of the ceasefire regime has reported 29 incidents of gunfire (21 incidents according to Syrian data) in the following Governorates: 13 in Ladhiqiyah, 11 in Idlib, 3 in Hama and 2 in Aleppo.