Research Memo
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Excessive Use of Force by the Police Against Black Americans in the United States
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Written Submission in Support of the Thematic Hearing on Excessive Use of Force by the Police against Black Americans in the United States Original Submission: October 23, 2015 Updated: February 12, 2016 156th Ordinary Period of Sessions Written Submission Prepared by Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Global Justice Clinic, New York University School of Law International Human Rights Law Clinic, University of Virginia School of Law Justin Hansford, St. Louis University School of Law Page 1 of 112 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary & Recommendations ................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Pervasive and Disproportionate Police Violence against Black Americans ..................................................................... 21 A. Growing statistical evidence reveals the disproportionate impact of police violence on Black Americans ................. 22 B. Police violence against Black Americans compounds multiple forms of discrimination ............................................ 23 C. The treatment of Black Americans has been repeatedly condemned by international bodies ...................................... 25 D. Police killings are a uniquely urgent problem ............................................................................................................. 25 II. Legal Framework Regulating the Use of Force by Police ................................................................................................ -
VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY Brenna Adams I CA B EA
VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF LITHUANIAN STUDIES Brenna Adams “I CAN’T BREATHE”: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE 2020 BLACK LIVES MATTER PROTESTS IN AMERICAN MEDIA Master of Arts Thesis Joint study programme “Sociolinguistics and Multilingualism”, state code in Lithuania 6281NX001 Study area of Linguistics Supervisor Prof. Dr. Jūratė Ruzaitė ________ _________ (signature) (date) Approved by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rūta Eidukevičienė ________ _________ (signature) (date) Kaunas, 2021 Table of Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1. Aim and Scope………………………………………………………………….3 1.2. Materials and Methods………………………………………………………….6 1.2.1. Corpus Compilation……………………………………………………..7 1.2.2. Data Processing: A Combined Approach to Corpus-Assisted CDA……8 2. Literature Review………………………………………….……………………….13 2.1. Anti-Black Racism in the United States………………………………………..14 2.2. The Black Lives Matter Movement……………………………………………16 2.3. Raciolinguistics and the Language of Protest…………………………………17 3. A Discussion of Racist Discursive Practices in Mainstream Media……………….20 3.1. Discursive Practices Concerning the Protesters and Protests………………….21 3.1.1. Discursive Practices Concerning the Protesters………………………..21 3.1.2. Discursive Practices Concerning the Protests………………………….26 3.2. Discursive Practices Concerning the Police…………………………………...29 3.2.1. Metonymy of Police Vehicles………………………………………….30 3.2.2. Passive Voice Construction…………………………………………….31 3.2.3. Police Brutality as a Collocation……………………………………….34 3.3. Discursive Practices Concerning George Floyd……………………………….39 3.3.1. Topical Focus on Floyd………………………………………………...39 3.3.2. Narrative Construction of Floyd’s Murder as the Spark……………….43 3.3.3. Deployment of Public Memory through Other Black Victims………...45 4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………48 5. References………………………………………………………………………….51 6. Appendix A. -
1. Petitions to Sign 2. Protestor Bail Funds 3. Organizations That Need Our Support and Donations 4
Disclaimer and Credit: This is by no means comprehensive, but rather a list we hope you find helpful as a starting point to begin or to continue to support our Black brothers, sisters, communities and patients. Thank you to the Student National Medical Association chapter at George Washington University School of Medicine for compiling many of these resources. Editing Guidelines: Please feel free to add any resources that you feel are useful. Any inappropriate edits will be deleted and editing capabilities will be revoked. Table of Contents 1. Petitions To Sign 2. Protestor Bail Funds 3. Organizations That Need Our Support and Donations 4. Mental Health Resources 5. Anti-Racism Reading and Resource List 6. Media 7. Voter Registration and Related Information 8. How to Support Memphis 1. Petitions To Sign *Please note that should you decide to sign a petition on change.org, DO NOT donate through change.org. Rather, donate through the websites specific to the organizations to ensure your donated funds are going directly to the organization. ● Justice for George Floyd ● Justice for Breonna ● Justice for Ahmaud Arbery ● We Can’t Breathe ● Justice for George Floyd 2. Protestor Bail Funds ● National Bail Fund Network (by state) ○ This link includes links to various cities ● Restoring Justice (Legal & Social services) 3. Organizations That Need Our Support and Donations Actions are loud. As students, we know that money is tight. But if each of us donated just $5 to one cause, together we could demand a great impact. ● Black Visions Collective (Minnesota Based): “BLVC is committed to a long term vision in which ALL Black lives not only matter, but are able to thrive. -
Police Defunding and Reform : What Changes Are Needed? / by Olivia Ghafoerkhan
® About the Authors Olivia Ghafoerkhan is a nonfiction writer who lives in northern Virginia. She is the author of several nonfiction books for teens and young readers. She also teaches college composition. Hal Marcovitz is a former newspaper reporter and columnist who has written more than two hundred books for young readers. He makes his home in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. © 2021 ReferencePoint Press, Inc. Printed in the United States For more information, contact: ReferencePoint Press, Inc. PO Box 27779 San Diego, CA 92198 www.ReferencePointPress.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. Picture Credits: Cover: ChameleonsEye/Shutterstock.com 28: katz/Shutterstock.com 6: Justin Berken/Shutterstock.com 33: Vic Hinterlang/Shutterstock.com 10: Leonard Zhukovsky/Shutterstock.com 37: Maury Aaseng 14: Associated Press 41: Associated Press 17: Imagespace/ZUMA Press/Newscom 47: Tippman98x/Shutterstock.com 23: Associated Press 51: Stan Godlewski/ZUMA Press/Newscom LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING- IN- PUBLICATION DATA Names: Ghafoerkhan, Olivia, 1982- author. Title: Police defunding and reform : what changes are needed? / by Olivia Ghafoerkhan. Description: San Diego, CA : ReferencePoint Press, 2021. | Series: Being Black in America | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020048103 (print) | LCCN 2020048104 (ebook) | ISBN 9781678200268 (library binding) | ISBN 9781678200275 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Police administration--United States--Juvenile literature. | Police brutality--United States--Juvenile literature. | Discrimination in law enforcement--United States--Juvenile literature. -
Fresno-Commission-Fo
“If you are working on a problem you can solve in your lifetime, you’re thinking too small.” Wes Jackson I have been blessed to spend time with some of our nation’s most prominent civil rights leaders— truly extraordinary people. When I listen to them tell their stories about how hard they fought to combat the issues of their day, how long it took them, and the fact that they never stopped fighting, it grounds me. Those extraordinary people worked at what they knew they would never finish in their lifetimes. I have come to understand that the historical arc of this country always bends toward progress. It doesn’t come without a fight, and it doesn’t come in a single lifetime. It is the job of each generation of leaders to run the race with truth, honor, and integrity, then hand the baton to the next generation to continue the fight. That is what our foremothers and forefathers did. It is what we must do, for we are at that moment in history yet again. We have been passed the baton, and our job is to stretch this work as far as we can and run as hard as we can, to then hand it off to the next generation because we can see their outstretched hands. This project has been deeply emotional for me. It brought me back to my youthful days in Los Angeles when I would be constantly harassed, handcuffed, searched at gunpoint - all illegal, but I don’t know that then. I can still feel the terror I felt every time I saw a police cruiser. -
Promotion and Protection of the Human Rights and Fundamental
Written Submission prepared by the International Human Rights Clinic at Santa Clara University School of Law for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights’ Call for Input on the Promotion and protection of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of Africans and people of African descent against excessive use of force and other human rights violations by law enforcement officers pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 43/1 International Human Rights Clinic at Santa Clara Law 500 El Camino Real Santa Clara, CA 95053-0424 U.S.A. Tel: +1 (408) 554-4770 [email protected] http://law.scu.edu/ihrc/ Diann Jayakoddy, Student Maxwell Nelson, Student Sukhvir Kaur, Student Prof. Francisco J. Rivera Juaristi, Director December 4, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. IN A FEDERALIST SYSTEM, STATES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MUST EXERCISE THEIR AUTHORITY TO REFORM LAWS ON POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY AND ON RESTRICTING THE USE OF FORCE BY POLICE OFFICERS 4 A.Constitutional standards on the use of force by police officers 5 B.Federal law governing police accountability 6 C.State police power 7 D.Recommendations 9 III. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MUST LIMIT THE ROLE OF POLICE UNIONS IN OBSTRUCTING EFFORTS TO HOLD POLICE OFFICERS ACCOUNTABLE IN THE UNITED STATES 9 A.Police union contracts limit accountability and create investigatory and other hurdles 10 1.Police unions can impede change 11 2.Police unions often reinforce a culture of impunity 12 B.Recommendations 14 IV. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS REGARDING NON-DISCRIMINATION AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS TO LIFE, HEALTH, AND SECURITY REQUIRE DIVESTMENT OF POLICE DEPARTMENT FUNDING AND REINVESTMENT IN COMMUNITIES AND SERVICES IN THE UNITED STATES 14 A.“Defunding the Police” - a Movement Calling for the Divestment of Police Department Funding in the United States and Reinvestment in Communities 15 B.Recommendations 18 2 I. -
Blacklivesmatter—Getting from Contemporary Social Movements to Structural Change
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2021 #BlackLivesMatter—Getting from Contemporary Social Movements to Structural Change Jamillah Bowman Williams Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] Naomi Mezey Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] Lisa O. Singh Georgetown University, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/2387 https://ssrn.com/abstract=3860435 California Law Review Online, Vol. 12, Reckoning and Reformation symposium. This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Law and Society Commons #BlackLivesMatter— Getting from Contemporary Social Movements to Structural Change Jamillah Bowman Williams*, Naomi Mezey**, and Lisa Singh*** Introduction ................................................................................................. 2 I. Methodology ............................................................................................ 5 II. BLM: From Contemporary Social Movement to Structural Change ..... 6 A. Black Lives Matter as a Social Media Powerhouse ................. 6 B. Tweets and Streets: The Dynamic Relationship between Online and Offline Activism ................................................. 12 C. A Theory of How to Move from Social Media -
Institutionalizing Police Accountability Reforms: the Problem of Making Police Reforms Endure
Saint Louis University Public Law Review Volume 32 Number 1 Control of Police Misconduct in a Post-Exclusionary Rule World: Can It Be Done? Article 7 (Volume XXXII, No. 1) 2012 Institutionalizing Police Accountability Reforms: The Problem of Making Police Reforms Endure Samuel Walker University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/plr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Samuel (2012) "Institutionalizing Police Accountability Reforms: The Problem of Making Police Reforms Endure," Saint Louis University Public Law Review: Vol. 32 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/plr/vol32/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Saint Louis University Public Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Commons. For more information, please contact Susie Lee. SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW INSTITUTIONALIZING POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY REFORMS: THE PROBLEM OF MAKING POLICE REFORMS ENDURE SAMUEL WALKER* INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM OF SUSTAINING POLICE REFORMS The history of police reform in America, in the sense of modern day notions of police professionalization, is more than a century old.1 Over that time period there have been successive waves of reform movements, with a changing set of objectives and programs.2 Much has been accomplished to improve policing over this long period.3 Whether the benchmark is one- hundred years, fifty years or only twenty years ago, it is possible to see significant reforms in police management, crime fighting tactics, police personnel standards and training, the diversity of the work force, constitutional standards for policing, and the accountability of officers for their actions in critical situations. -
Black Lives Matter Syllabus
Black Lives Matter: Race, Resistance, and Populist Protest New York University Fall 2015 Thursdays 6:20-9pm Professor Frank Leon Roberts Fall 2015 Office Hours: (By Appointment Only) 429 1 Wash Place Thursdays 1:00-3:00pm, 9:00pm-10:00pm From the killings of teenagers Michael Brown and Vonderrick Myers in Ferguson, Missouri; to the suspicious death of activist Sandra Bland in Waller Texas; to the choke-hold death of Eric Garner in New York, to the killing of 17 year old Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida and 7 year old Aiyana Stanley-Jones in Detroit, Michigan--. #blacklivesmatter has emerged in recent years as a movement committed to resisting, unveiling, and undoing histories of state sanctioned violence against black and brown bodies. This interdisciplinary seminar links the #blacklivesmatter” movement to four broader phenomena: 1) the rise of the U.S. prison industrial complex and its relationship to the increasing militarization of inner city communities 2) the role of the media industry (including social media) in influencing national conversations about race and racism and 3) the state of racial justice activism in the context of a purportedly “post-racial” Obama Presidency and 4) the increasingly populist nature of decentralized protest movements in the contemporary United States (including the tea party movement, the occupy wall street movement, etc.) Among the topics of discussion that we will debate and engage this semester will include: the distinction between #blacklivesmatter (as both a network and decentralized movement) vs. a broader twenty first century movement for black lives; the moral ethics of “looting” and riotous forms of protest; violent vs. -
Black Lives Matter: Eliminating Racial Inequity in the Criminal Justice
BLACK LIVES MATTER: ELIMINATING RACIAL INEQUITY IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM For more information, contact: This report was written by Nazgol Ghandnoosh, Ph.D., Research Analyst at The Sentencing Project. The report draws on a 2014 publication The Sentencing Project of The Sentencing Project, Incorporating Racial Equity into Criminal 1705 DeSales Street NW Justice Reform. 8th Floor Washington, D.C. 20036 Cover photo by Brendan Smialowski of Getty Images showing Congressional staff during a walkout at the Capitol in December 2014. (202) 628-0871 The Sentencing Project is a national non-profit organization engaged sentencingproject.org in research and advocacy on criminal justice issues. Our work is twitter.com/sentencingproj supported by many individual donors and contributions from the facebook.com/thesentencingproject following: Atlantic Philanthropies Morton K. and Jane Blaustein Foundation craigslist Charitable Fund Ford Foundation Bernard F. and Alva B. Gimbel Foundation General Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church JK Irwin Foundation Open Society Foundations Overbrook Foundation Public Welfare Foundation Rail Down Charitable Trust David Rockefeller Fund Elizabeth B. and Arthur E. Roswell Foundation Tikva Grassroots Empowerment Fund of Tides Foundation Wallace Global Fund Working Assets/CREDO Copyright © 2015 by The Sentencing Project. Reproduction of this document in full or in part, and in print or electronic format, only by permission of The Sentencing Project. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 I. Uneven Policing in Ferguson and New York City 6 II. A Cascade of Racial Disparities Throughout the Criminal Justice System 10 III. Causes of Disparities 13 A. Differential crime rates 13 B. Four key sources of unwarranted racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes 15 IV. -
Applicant V. DERAY MCKESSON; BLACK LIVES MATTER; BLACK LIVES MATTER NETWORK, INCORPORATED Defendants - Respondents
STATE OF LOUISIANA 2021-CQ-00929 LOUISIANA SUPREME COURT OFFICER JOHN DOE, Police Officer Plaintiff - Applicant v. DERAY MCKESSON; BLACK LIVES MATTER; BLACK LIVES MATTER NETWORK, INCORPORATED Defendants - Respondents OFFICER JOHN DOE Plaintiff - Applicant Versus DeRAY McKESSON; BLACK LIVES MATTER; BLACK LIVES MATTER NETWORK, INCORPORATED Defendants - Respondents On Certified Question from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit No. 17-30864 Circuit Judges Jolly, Elrod, and Willett Appeal From the United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana USDC No. 3:16-CV-742 Honorable Judge Brian A. Jackson, Presiding OFFICER JOHN DOE ORIGINAL BRIEF ON APPLICATION FOR REVIEW BY CERTIFIED QUESTION Respectfully submitted: ATTORNEY FOR THE APPLICANT OFFICER JOHN DOE Donna U. Grodner (20840) GRODNER LAW FIRM 2223 Quail Run, B-1 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 (225) 769-1919 FAX 769-1997 [email protected] CIVIL PROCEEDING TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.. ii CERTIFIED QUESTIONS. 1 1. Whether Louisiana law recognizes a duty, under the facts alleged I the complaint, or otherwise, not to negligently precipitate the crime of a third party? 2. Assuming McKesson could otherwise be held liable for a breach of duty owed to Officer Doe, whether Louisiana’s Professional Rescuer’s Doctrine bars recovery under the facts alleged in the complaint? . 1 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION. 1 STATEMENT OF THE CASE. 1 A. NATURE OF THE CASE. 1 B. PROCEDURAL HISTORY. 12 1. ACTION OF THE TRIAL COURT. 12 2. ACTION OF THE FIFTH CIRCUIT. 12 3. ACTION OF THE SUPREME COURT. 13 4. ACTION OF THE FIFTH CIRCUIT. 13 C. -
Struggle for Power: the Ongoing Persecution of Black Movement the by U.S
STRUGGLE FOR POWER T H E ONGOING PERSECUTION O F B L A C K M O V E M E N T BY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT In the fight for Black self-determination, power, and freedom in the United States, one institution’s relentless determination to destroy Black movement is unrivaled— the United States federal government. Black resistance and power-building threaten the economic interests and white supremacist agenda that uphold the existing social order. Throughout history, when Black social movements attract the nation’s or world’s attention, or we fight our way onto the nation’s political agenda as we have today, we experience violent repression. We’re disparaged and persecuted; cast as villains in the story of American prosperity; and forced to defend ourselves and our communities against police, anti-Black policymakers, and U.S. armed forces. Last summer, on the heels of the murders of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd, millions of people mobilized to form the largest mass movement against police violence and racial injustice in U.S. history. Collective outrage spurred decentral- ized uprisings in defense of Black lives in all 50 states, with a demand to defund police and invest in Black communities. This brought global attention to aboli- tionist arguments that the only way to prevent deaths such as Mr. Floyd’s and Ms. Taylor’s is to take power and funding away from police. At the same time, the U.S federal government, in a flagrant abuse of power and at the express direction of disgraced former President Donald Trump and disgraced former Attorney General William Barr, deliberately targeted supporters of the movement to defend Black lives in order to disrupt and discourage the movement.