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George Orwell in Our Time Braja Kishore Sahoo, Ph.D
================================================================= Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 16:6 June 2016 ================================================================= George Orwell in Our Time Braja Kishore Sahoo, Ph.D. ================================================================== George Orwell Courtesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell Abstract George Orwell (1903-1950) occupies a significant place in the English literary imagination. A political and cultural commentator, as well as an accomplished novelist, Orwell is one of the most widely-read essayists of the 20th century. He is best remembered for his two novels written towards the end of his life: Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). In this paper I intend to focus on some of his representative essays and non-fiction writings to suggest that Orwell is very much alive to the vital issues of our time through his extensive range of interests ranging from politics, war, and sports, to issues such as language and literature. We can say that history has treated him well, proving him right about the key issues of the twentieth century. In the bipolar political climate of the 1930s and 1940s, when intellectuals on the left and right were getting ready to confront the evils of totalitarianism and fascism, Orwell saw that the choice between Stalinism and fascism was in fact no choice at all, that the real struggle was between freedom and tyranny. Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 16:6 June 2016 Braja Kishore Sahoo, Ph.D. George Orwell in Our Time 145 Keywords: Animal Farm, George Orwell, totalitarianism, fascism, tyranny, freedom George Orwell A conservative by upbringing, and a socialist and a dissident by nature, he did not believe in politics as a matter of allegiance to a party or camp. -
Lights and Shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia
Paul Preston Lights and shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Preston, Paul (2017) Lights and shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia. Bulletin of Spanish Studies. ISSN 1475-3820 DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2018.1388550 © 2017 The Author This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85333/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Lights and Shadows in George Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia PAUL PRESTON London School of Economics Despite its misleading title, Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia is almost certainly the most sold and most read book about the Spanish Civil War. It is a vivid and well-written account of some fragments of the war by an acute witness. -
Chapter 18: P.G. Wodehouse 109 He Ever Had
18 P.G. Wodehouse Heresy can mean doing obstinately what you do best, and doing it in the most improbable places. Jeeves, for example, was conceived and born in New York. At least P.G. Wodehouse was living there when he À rst thought of him. That may sound like an odd place to do it, but the fact is not in doubt. After two discontented years in a London bank and a little journalism, Wodehouse settled in Greenwich Village (off and on) in 1909. He had first visited America in 1904, drawn by its boxing tradition, but he soon came to believe he could write for it; and it was there in the autumn of 1914 that he met and married a young English widow called Ethel, whose daughter he adopted. War was breaking out in Europe, but his poor eyesight made him unfit for active duty, so he wrote on. There was to be another world war in his lifetime, as unexpected to him as the first, and after than he settled again in America, dying in 1975 on Long Island in his nineties. So New York was as much home to him as anywhere, though you sometimes wonder if anywhere was. He casually inhabited the whole world. Born in Guildford in 1881, his first infant years had been in Hong Kong, where his father was a magistrate, and his middle years, after New York and Hollywood, were spent in France. Like many EnglishmenSAMPLE down the centuries he had the carefree talent of being mostly somewhere else and yet never losing sense of who he was. -
The Censorship of George Orwell's Essays in Spain1
The Censorship of George Orwell's Essays in Spain1 ALBERTO LÁZARO (Universidad de Alcalá) While much of George Orwell's popularity rests on bis political fiction, particularly Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), his achievements as an essayist have also been widely celebrated. Apart from his books of extended reportage published in the 1930s - Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) and Homage to Catalonia (1938) - Orwell's literary production of the 1940s inc1uded a very large number of reviews, artic1es and essays that appeared in a wide variety of periodical publications, such as the Observer, London Tribune, Manchester Evening News, The Listener, Partisan Review, Horizon, Left News and New Leader. Orwell only published two important collections of essays during bis lifetime, lnside the Whale (1940) and Critical Essays (1946), but irnmediately after bis death in 1950 several other volumes were produced, wbich gave English-speaking readers access to a wide variety of bis autobiographical, literary, political, sociological and cultural essays. In 1968 the four-volume Collected Essays, Joumalism and Letters oi George Orwell' edited by Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus, arrived as a brilliant c1imaxto Orwell's literary production, and gave further weight to the c1aimthat here indeed was a perceptive critic with a keen analytical eye and a persistent ability to tell unpleasant truths. During the Cold War period his essays were a much-quoted source in discussions of the threat of totalitarianism, imperialism in the East, the hypocrisy of intellectuals or the manipulation of the press during the Spanish Civil War. -
Professor Peter Davison
GETTING IT RIGHT – Peter Davison January - March 2010 GETTING IT RIGHT January – March 2010 Peter Davison On at least two occasions George Orwell said he had done his best to be honest in his writings. In a letter to Dwight Macdonald on 26 May 1943 he wrote, „Within my own framework I have tried to be truthful‟; in a „London Letter‟ to Partisan Review, probably written in October 1944, he said, „I have tried to tell the truth‟ and goes on to devote the whole Letter to where in past Letters he had „got it wrong and why‟. When giving titles to volumes X to XX of The Complete Works, „I have tried to tell the truth‟ seemed to me apposite for one of them (Volume XVI). Telling the truth went further for Orwell. Writing about James Burnham, he was aware that what he had written in his „Second Thoughts on James Burnham‟ in Polemic, 3 (XVIII, pp. 268-84) would not be liked by that author; „however,‟ he wrote, „it is what I think‟ (XVIII, p. 232). Attempting to „get it right‟, even in the much lowlier task of editing than in the great variety of activities in which Orwell engaged, is about the only thing I can claim to have in common with Orwell. I am aware and embarrassed by my multitude of mistakes, misunderstandings, and my sheer ignorance. The Lost Orwell does what it can to try, belatedly, „to get it right‟. I was once taken to task by a reader who complained that „typewritten‟ had been misspelt: how ironic he thought! Would that were all! What one might call „ordinary, run-of-the-mill, errors‟ are no more than a matter of paying sustained attention – although maintaining that over some 8,500 pages of The Complete Works and seventeen years, with many changes of publisher, is clearly difficult. -
In the Lion and the Unicorn, Orwell Argues That the Patriotism of The
Imagined and Imaginary Whales: George Orwell, Benedict Anderson and Salman Rushdie NICK HUBBLE, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL ENGLAND, UK [email protected] Abstract: George Orwell, anticipating many of the arguments made by Benedict Anderson in the „Patriotism and Racism‟ chapter of Imagined Communities, illuminated patriotism and nationalism as shifting aspects of a wider dialectical interplay between an identification with imagined communities and a loyalty to humanity. Orwell‟s essay “Inside the Whale” can be seen, contrary to Salman Rushdie‟s criticism that it advocates quietism, as an essay about imaginary homelands. In this reading the whale is a metaphor for a dialectical space created by a writer in order to gain purchase on the unceasing dialectic of history. Analysis of The Lion and the Unicorn in this article links Orwell‟s work with that of Anderson and Rushdie by exploring in his vision of a classless England the relationship between the personal imaginary homeland and the political imagined community. Keywords: Class, Literature, Nationalism, Patriotism, Tropical Gothic. In The Lion and the Unicorn (1941), George Orwell argues that the patriotism of the common people is neither jingoistic nor militaristic, as exemplified by the fact that the most celebrated poems, such as Charles Wolfe‟s “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna”, are about defeats. Five verses of Wolfe‟s poem are quoted by Benedict Anderson in Imagined Communities in order to illustrate how the imagined community of the English is both open to others through its shared learnable language – Moore and Wolfe were Irish – and closed by its relationship to “historical fatality” (146). -
Why Is the Collected Orwell Not the Complete Orwell?
minds us that Woolf s entire writing career was devoted to wrestling with the re lationship between everyday experience and the experience of our century of total war. The signal difference, in my opinion, between Woolf s attitude to human life and that of many "modernists," consists of the fact that, in the face of her devastating personal and political experiences, she continually transcended nihilism in an af firmation of life. In Kapur's hypothesis Woolf s interest in the particular moment, in the solid particularity of everyday life, derives from a dialecticaljuxta position of this dailyness with the abyss, with sudden death, premature sexual invasion, total war, and her own periodic bouts with insanity. The individual deaths that marked her biography and the public deaths that marked her lifetime were thus always present to Woolf s consciousness, constituting one pole of the "reality" she is so often accused of ignoring. In the face of this world created for war and for men which was the context of her life experiences, her affirmation of life seems especially courageous, a celebration of existence quite different from nihilism, though responsive to a "social canopy" only thinly veiling rape, violence, and military terror. Kapur's rec ognition that Woolf produced novel after novel affirming "a fundamental belief that there is a pattern underlying this universe" identifies the essential achievement of Woolf s opus, and her study provides a welcome reassessment of Woolf s role not only as an experimentalist in modern literature but as a quester able to transcend the despair coloring so much of the literature produced by less intrepid writers. -
Hemingway, Orwell, and the Truth of the “Good Fight”: Foreign Combatants’ Accounts of the Spanish Civil War Felicia Hansell
Vassar College Digital Window @ Vassar Senior Capstone Projects 2012 Hemingway, Orwell, and the Truth of the “Good Fight”: Foreign Combatants’ Accounts of the Spanish Civil War Felicia Hansell Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalwindow.vassar.edu/senior_capstone Recommended Citation Hansell, Felicia, "Hemingway, Orwell, and the Truth of the “Good Fight”: Foreign Combatants’ Accounts of the Spanish Civil War" (2012). Senior Capstone Projects. 119. http://digitalwindow.vassar.edu/senior_capstone/119 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Window @ Vassar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Window @ Vassar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hemingway, Orwell, and the Truth of the “Good Fight”: Foreign Combatants’ Accounts of the Spanish Civil War Felicia Hansell English Senior Thesis, B Term Professor Wendy Graham 1 May 2012 Hansell 1 Contents Introduction: Hemingway, Orwell, and Truth ....................................................................2 Orwell and the Intersection of Personal and Political Development .................................15 Hemingway’s “Real” Spain ...............................................................................................35 Conclusion: Critical Receptions .......................................................................................63 List of Abbreviations .........................................................................................................69 -
Orwellian Socialism and the Myth of the Working Class
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2-1997 Orwellian Socialism and the Myth of the Working Class Malcolm P. Ringo IV Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Political History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ringo, Malcolm P. IV, "Orwellian Socialism and the Myth of the Working Class" (1997). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5591. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7463 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THESIS APPROVAL The abstract and thesis of Mal calm P. Ringo IV for the C1aster o_f :'~L- ts degree in _....!,H!_:1.~·s~t::!:o~r:liy~------------- were presented February 12, 1997 and accepted by the thesis committee and the department. CommitteeApprovals:r· , Chair David Holloway Representative of the Office df Graduate Studies Department Approval: Gordon B. Dodds, Chair Department of History *************************************************************** Accepted for Portland State University by the Library on /7 ~r:r/4 /99? ABSTRACT An abstract of the thesis of Malcolm P. Ringo IV for the Master of Arts in History presented February 12, 1997. Title: Orwellian Socialism and the Myth of the Working Class George Orwell left behind a rich body of political writings. Most scholars until now have confined research on Orwell to one of three areas: his reaction to the British class system; his criticisms of left-wing intellectuals; and the contrasting visions of the future that contended for supremacy in his consciousness. -
The Ideological Warfare of Orwell, Stalin and Mussolini for Almost an Entire Century, the World Has Withstood Unprecedented Levels of Destruction and Chaos
Zellinger 1 Tim Zellinger History 461 Dr. Cotkin 12/3/12 The Battle for the Mind of Europe: The Ideological Warfare of Orwell, Stalin and Mussolini For almost an entire century, the world has withstood unprecedented levels of destruction and chaos. Powerful regimes have risen and fallen; new and terrifying weapons like mechanized tanks and bombers slaughtered men and women by the tens of thousands, and the threat of global destruction became a reality across the entire world. The 1930s and 1940s were defining periods of the 20 th century, fragmenting the world into alliances made from fear and desperation. World War II broke out because Western civilization was trying to decide the question of which Western ideology would control the future of Europe and the West. The military posturing and war-mongering by the leaders of Europe were fueled by their ideas, as they wanted to prove their ideology was superior to all other creeds. Social democracy clashed with fascism and communism in the works of George Orwell, Joseph Stalin, and Benito Mussolini, fueling the passions of Europe’s leaders and driving them to war. World War II was driven by a conflict of ideas between the leaders of Europe, as the opposing ideas of democracy, communism and fascism clashed during World War II. This war of ideas was played out over the thousands of battlefields across the world, and through the hearts and minds of the world’s people. In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin developed his communist ideology of what later came to be totalitarianism while he came to power after Lenin’s death in 1924, slowly consolidating power as General Secretary of the Central Committee in Moscow. -
A Remembrance of George Orwell (1974), P
Notes Introduction 1. Jacintha Buddicom, Eric and Us: A Remembrance of George Orwell (1974), p. 11. Hereafter as Eric and Us. 2. See Tables 2.1 and 5.1, pp. 32 and 92-3, and, for full details, my 'Orwell: Balancing the Books', The Library, VI, 16 (1994), 77-100. 1 Getting Started 1. Sir Richard Rees, George Orwell: Fugitive from the Camp of Victory (1961), pp. 144-5. Hereafter as 'Rees'. Mabel Fierz's report is quoted by Shelden, p. 127. 2. Eric and Us, pp. 13-14. 3. CEJL, iv.412. 4. Rees, p. 145. 5. See Bernard Crick, George Orwell: A Life, (third, Penguin, edition, 1992), p. 107; Michael Shelden, Orwell: The Authorised Biography (1991), p. 73; US pagination differs. Hereafter as 'Crick' and 'Shelden' respectively. 6. Stephen Wadhams, Remembering Orwell (1984), p. 44. As 'Wadhams' hereafter. Wadhams's interviews, conducted in 1983, are a particu larly valuable source of information. 7. Rees, p. 145. Mabel Fierz gave Wadhams a similar account, pp. 44-5. 8. Crick, pp. 48-9; Shelden, pp. 22-3. 9. VII.37. See also Crick, pp. 54-5; he identifies Kate of the novel with Elsie of the Anglican Convent Orwell attended from 1908 to 1911, with whom Orwell says in 'Such, Such Were the Joys' he 'fell deeply in love' - when aged about 6. 10. Eric and Us, p. 19. A footnote on that page reproduces part of a letter from Avril to Jacintha, 14 March 1973, in which Avril, having read a draft of Jacintha's book, says that she 'is making a very fair assess ment of Eric's boyhood'. -
Beyond Nineteen Eighty-Four: Doublespeak in a Post-Orwellian Age
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 311 451 CS 212 095 AUTHOR Lutz, William, Ed. TITLE Beyond Nineteen Eighty-Four: Doublespeak in a Post-Orwellian Age. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, Ill. REPORT NO ISBN-0-8141-0285-9 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 222p. AVAILABLE FROMNational Council of Teachers of English, 1111 Kenyon Rd., Urbana, IL 61801 (Stock No. 02859-3020; $12.95 member, $15.95 nonmember). PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Deception; English; Language Role; *Language Usage; Linguistics; *Persuasive Discourse; *Propaganda IDENTIFIERS *Doublespeak; Jargon; Orwell (George) ABSTRACT This book probes the efforts at manipulation individuals face daily in this information age and the tactics of persuaders from many sectors of society using various forms of Orwellian "doublespeak." The book contains the following essays: (1) "Notes toward a Definition of Doublespeak" (William Lutz); (2) "Truisms Are True: Orwell's View of Language" (Walker Gibson); (3) "Mr. Orwell, Mr. Schlesinger, and the Language" (Hugh Rank); (4) "What Dc We Know?" (Charles Weingartner); (5) "The Dangers of Singlespeak" (Edward M. White); (6) "The Fallacies of Doublespeak" (Dennis Rohatyn); (7) "Doublespeak and Ethics" (George R. Bramer); (8) "Post-Orwellian Refinements of Doublethink: Will the Real Big Brother Please Stand Up?" (Donald Lazere); (9) "Worldthink" (Richard Ohmann); (10) "'Bullets Hurt, Corpses Stink': George Orwell and the Language of Warfare" (Harry Brent); (11) "Political Language: The Art of Saying Nothing" (Dan F. Hahn); (12) "Fiddle-Faddle, Flapdoodle, and Balderdash: Some Thoughts about Jargon" (Frank J. D'Angelo); (13) "How to Read an Ad: Learning to Read between the Lies" (D.