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(DETA)-CO2 and Amine Degradation Products Systems and an Introductory Modeling Approach

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(DETA)-CO2 and Amine Degradation Products Systems and an Introductory Modeling Approach Characterization of Corrosion patterns of Stainless Steel in Diethylenetriamine (DETA)-CO2 and amine degradation products systems and an Introductory Modeling Approach Ebenezer Hayfron- Benjamin Chemical Engineering Submission date: July 2013 Supervisor: Hallvard Fjøsne Svendsen, IKP Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Preface This master‘s thesis with the course code -TKP4900 Kjemisk Prosesstekn Vår 2013- is a part of the fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science degree in the field of Chemical Engineering and which was undertaken during the spring of 2013. The work was carried out at the CO2 absorption research labs in the Environmental Engineering and Reactor Technology Group located at the Department of Chemical Engineering, at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. I declare that this is an independent work according to the exam regulations of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. All experimental set-ups, literature review, results and interpretations therein were solely done by the author and also the author adhered to the highest standards of ethics and integrity for scientific reporting. …………………………………………………….. Ebenezer Hayfron-Benjamin Trondheim, July 4, 2013 i ii Acknowledgements The successful completion of this work which spanned the duration of spring of 2013 wouldn‘t have been possible without the help of many individuals and professionals. Different people helped out in different times, some advice, some corrections, others lending me the use of scientific equipment and tools in order to further broaden the scope and depth of this work. I would like to take the time to express my deepest appreciations, respect and honor to all who helped in one way or the other. The list of thanksgiving in the paragraphs below is by no means exhaustive and for those not mentioned or seemingly forgotten, please all apologies are mine. First of all I would like to say a big thank you to my supervisor, Professor Hallvard Svendsen, who was kind enough to have an ―open door‖ policy whereby sometimes I could just walk into his office and try to clarify a confusing or sticking point in my work. Thanks again professor for giving me the freedom and latitude to run with this CO2 corrosion topic. In addition you gave me opportunities to serve as your tutorial assistant in Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer for two different semesters and to top it all I was introduced to the CO2 absorption group during my summer 2012 internship. The fundamentals of transport processes in chemical engineering were taught in a simple way by you in my first year and this helped me to solidify my understanding of unit processes of chemical engineering. For all of this and more I say tusen takk for alt! Several friends at the department helped me, thanks to post-doc, Dr. Ardi Hartono, who was kind enough to explain to me a lot of about the seemingly new amine absorption solvent diethylenetriamine (DETA). Doc I want to say big thanks for letting me have some of the data on the characterization of DETA that was done by you. Extra appreciation goes to Yulia Flid in the analytical lab, thank you for teaching how to analyze for amine and CO2 in solutions. Lisbeth Roel at the Department office deserves my thanks for all her help during my studies in NTNU. From the Department of Materials, I would like to express my thanks to Kjell Røkke for letting me borrow the Potentiostat for my electrochemical test and Jools for teaching me how to use the scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray Diffraction( XRD) machines. At SINTEF, I say thanks to Ole Edvard Kongstein for lending me the Autoclave at such a short notice and helping me with the initial questions I had about how to go about using the equipment. iii To Mr. Ebenezer Hayfron-Benjamin Sr., a civil engineer by profession thanks Dad for your belief in me during my trials and encouraging me to pursue my dream despite the odds. You also passed the engineering genes on to me, for that and more God continue to richly bless you! Extended warmth, love and thanks goes to my mother, Ms. Christiana Adu, for all here hard work in raising me at Abossey Okai and insisting that education was my only option, no more , no less. To Mrs Beatrice Afua Boakye, ‗mama‘ ―medaase!‖ You are my second mother, thanks to you and all the family. And to those teachers of mine, who instilled a sense of discipline and pride, I would not be here if it were not your diligence, patience and words of wisdom when I needed it. To the following mentors of mine : Dr. Xu Maotian, Boakye, Dr Zhang Fu-Qiang, Dr. Zhou Xin Tao, and my primary school teacher ‗teacher‘ Conduah. I hope one day you will read this report and be proud of your once little but stubborn student. Finally to my family in Christ at Betel Church in Trondheim, I thank you for being a moral compass for me during my stay here. You have been a mighty blessing to me, thank you to Dr. Ugochukwu Edwin Aronu working also with CO2 capture at SINTEF. Mighty thanks to Ernest Wilson, Esther and the family, Pastor Samuel Adjei and family, Pastor John Ganaah, Miriam and the family and most of all the head of the church Pastor Jean Alidor Mbuebue and Mama Esperence. God richly bless you. Last but not least, from the bottom of my heart, I would like to thank soon-to-be mother-in-law Frau Marcelle Noé-Nordberg from Meires in Austria for opening your house to me anytime I came visiting and supporting me and Ursula Noé-Nordberg. The two most important people in my life, I have dedicated the following pages to them, first to very my wife-to-be (Ursula Noé-Nordberg) and to my LORD and personal Savior Jesus Christ of Nazareth. I love you both! Amen. iv Dedication to my beautiful Ushi Honey we made it finally! It has been a long time coming with all the up and down but hey at least we are there now! Also Vio is coming with us too wohooo! “… aaa ma brɛ! yɛnkɔ, yɛnkɔ!, Ushi medase pii! Vielen Dank für das Glauben an uns und mir! Thanks for your love, patience, guidance and wisdom. Love you forever and will always do! v vi Dedication Dedicated to the LORD God Almighty, the Most High God, Elohim. I dedicate this achievement to my LORD and personal Savior, who has seen me through life till this date. He promised to restore all the years that the locust has eaten and the successful completion of my education at the master‘s level for chemical engineering is an affirmation of His love, mercy and grace towards me. To this I say Lord, I thank You and with all my heart I declare myself as a proud bondservant of You. These scriptures are a tribute to my heavenly Father, my friend and Savior Jesus Christ and the Holy Ghost a comforter and source of wisdom in times of need. Ancient of Days – Atik Yommin Daniel 7:13-14 הקרבוהי׃ וקדמוהי מטה יומיא עתיק ועד הוה אתה אנש כבר שמיא ענני עם וארו ליליא בחזוי הוית חזה :13 לא די ומלכותה יעדה לא די עלם שלטן שלטנה יפלחון לה ולשניא אמיא עממיא וכל ומלכו ויקר שלטן יהיב ולה :14 תתחבל׃ Jesus Christ of Nazareth Acts 10: 38 ―how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with Him.‖ The Holy Spirit Romans 8:26 ―ωζαςηωρ δε και ηο πνεςμα ζςνανηιλαμβανεηαι ηαιρ αζθενειαιρ ημων ηο γαπ ηι πποζεςξωμεθα καθο δει οςκ οιδαμεν αλλ αςηο ηο πνεςμα ςπεπενηςγσανει ςπεπ ημων ζηεναγμοιρ αλαληηοιρ‖ vii viii Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. xv Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................................. xix Chapter 1 Introduction and Background ....................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem Statement .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Scope and Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Objective of the Thesis ................................................................................................................ 6 1.2.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 2 Emissions, GHGs, CO2 .............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Types of emission and climate change ............................................................................................. 11 2.2 GHGs and sources ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.3 CO2 and Power Plants ......................................................................................................................
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