Chemical Resistance Guide CHEMICAL RESISTANCE GUIDE
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The Reaction of Aminonitriles with Aminothiols: a Way to Thiol-Containing Peptides and Nitrogen Heterocycles in the Primitive Earth Ocean
life Article The Reaction of Aminonitriles with Aminothiols: A Way to Thiol-Containing Peptides and Nitrogen Heterocycles in the Primitive Earth Ocean Ibrahim Shalayel , Seydou Coulibaly, Kieu Dung Ly, Anne Milet and Yannick Vallée * Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Campus, F-38058 Grenoble, France; [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (K.D.L.); [email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 September 2018; Accepted: 18 October 2018; Published: 19 October 2018 Abstract: The Strecker reaction of aldehydes with ammonia and hydrogen cyanide first leads to α-aminonitriles, which are then hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. However, before reacting with water, these aminonitriles can be trapped by aminothiols, such as cysteine or homocysteine, to give 5- or 6-membered ring heterocycles, which in turn are hydrolyzed to dipeptides. We propose that this two-step process enabled the formation of thiol-containing dipeptides in the primitive ocean. These small peptides are able to promote the formation of other peptide bonds and of heterocyclic molecules. Theoretical calculations support our experimental results. They predict that α-aminonitriles should be more reactive than other nitriles, and that imidazoles should be formed from transiently formed amidinonitriles. Overall, this set of reactions delineates a possible early stage of the development of organic chemistry, hence of life, on Earth dominated by nitriles and thiol-rich peptides (TRP). Keywords: origin of life; prebiotic chemistry; thiol-rich peptides; cysteine; aminonitriles; imidazoles 1. Introduction In ribosomes, peptide bonds are formed by the reaction of the amine group of an amino acid with an ester function. -
Investigation of Condensed and Early Stage Gas Phase Hypergolic Reactions Jacob Daniel Dennis Purdue University
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations Fall 2014 Investigation of condensed and early stage gas phase hypergolic reactions Jacob Daniel Dennis Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Propulsion and Power Commons Recommended Citation Dennis, Jacob Daniel, "Investigation of condensed and early stage gas phase hypergolic reactions" (2014). Open Access Dissertations. 256. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/256 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. i INVESTIGATION OF CONDENSED AND EARLY STAGE GAS PHASE HYPERGOLIC REACTIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Jacob Daniel Dennis In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii To my parents, Jay and Susan Dennis, who have always pushed me to be the person they know I am capable of being. Also to my wife, Claresta Dennis, who not only tolerated me but suffered along with me throughout graduate school. I love you and am so proud of you! iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Timothée Pourpoint, for guiding me over the past four years and helping me become the researcher that I am today. In addition I would like to thank the rest of my PhD Committee for the insight and guidance. I would also like to acknowledge the help provided by my fellow graduate students who spent time with me in the lab: Travis Kubal, Yair Solomon, Robb Janesheski, Jordan Forness, Jonathan Chrzanowski, Jared Willits, and Jason Gabl. -
Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2010 Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility Hanh Hong Thi Dinh Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Dinh, Hanh Hong Thi, "Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility" (2010). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 598. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/598 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright © Hanh Hong Thi Dinh 2010 All Right Reserved iii ABSTRACT Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility by Hanh Hong Thi Dinh, Master of Science Utah State University, 2010 Major Professor: Dr Robert S. Brown Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry The National Air Emission Monitoring Study (NAEMS) project was funded by the Agricultural Air Research Council (AARC) to evaluate agricultural emissions nationwide. Utah State University (USU) is conducting a parallel study on agricultural emissions at a Cache Valley poultry facility. As part of this parallel study, samples of animal feed, eggs and animal waste were collected weekly from three manure barns (designated: manure barn, barn 4 - manure belt and barn 5 - high rise) from May 2008 to November 2009. These samples were analyzed to determine ammonia content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen content and ammonia emission. -
Hydrogen Atom Transfer-Mediated Cyclisations of Nitriles
Hydrogen Atom Transfer-Mediated Cyclisations of Nitriles Oliver J. Turner,*[a,b] John A. Murphy,*[b] David. J. Hirst[a] and Eric P. A. Talbot*[a]† Abstract: Hydrogen atom transfer-mediated intramolecular C-C coupling reactions between alkenes and nitriles, using PhSiH3 and catalytic Fe(acac)3, are described. This introduces a new strategic bond disconnection for ring-closing reactions, forming ketones via imine intermediates. Of note is the scope of the reaction, including formation of sterically hindered ketones, spirocycles and fused cyclic systems. In the early 1960s, Kwiatek and Seyler first reported the use of metal hydrides as catalysts in the hydrogenation of α,β- unsaturated compounds.[1,2] The discovery by Halpern,[3] later elegantly developed by Norton,[4] that metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) proceeded by a free-radical mechanism opened the door to a wide range of alkene hydrofunctionalisation reactions. But it was the pioneering work by Mukaiyama[5] on the catalytic hydration of alkenes, using Co(acac)2 and oxygen, that sparked wider interest in the field of alkene hydrofunctionalisation. As a result, there now exists an extensive ‘toolkit’ for the addition of hydrogen and a functional group to an alkene with Markovnikov selectivity and high chemo-selectivity using cobalt, manganese and iron complexes.[6,7] Efforts have also been made to extend HAT methodologies to C-C bond formation, both in an intra- and intermolecular fashion: Baran’s group developed a general C-C coupling reaction, utilising electron-deficient alkenes as capable radical acceptors (Scheme 1ai).[8–10] Hydropyridylation of alkenes by intramolecular Minisci reaction was recently demonstrated by Starr,[11] which allows for the formation of structures such as Scheme 1. -
Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: a Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries
molecules Review Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries Pablo Domínguez de María Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4–6, 35011 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; [email protected]; Tel.: +34-6-0956-5237 Abstract: Nitriles comprise a broad group of chemicals that are currently being industrially produced and used in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Aldoxime dehydratases catalyze the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles starting from aldoximes under mild conditions, holding potential to become sustainable alternatives for industrial processes. Different aldoxime dehydratases accept a broad range of aldoximes with impressive high substrate loadings of up to >1 Kg L−1 and can efficiently catalyze the reaction in aqueous media as well as in non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and solvent-free (neat substrates). This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field with emphasis on strategies that may be of relevance for industry and sustainability. When possible, potential links to biorefineries and to the use of biogenic raw materials are discussed. Keywords: biocatalysis; green chemistry; nitriles; aldoxime dehydratases; sustainability Citation: Domínguez de María, P. Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk 1. Aldoxime Dehydratases as Biocatalysts for the Cyanide-Free Synthesis of Nitriles Chemicals, and Biorefineries. Nitriles comprise an important group of chemicals that are widely spread in industry Molecules 2021, 26, 4466. in a broad range of sectors, being used as products, solvents, polymers, commodities, or https://doi.org/10.3390/ as starting materials for the production of other chemicals such as amines, amides, etc. -
Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Hypophosphites Rim Mouselmani
Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Hypophosphites Rim Mouselmani To cite this version: Rim Mouselmani. Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Hypophosphites. Other. Univer- sité de Lyon; École Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie (Beyrouth), 2018. English. NNT : 2018LYSE1241. tel-02147583v2 HAL Id: tel-02147583 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02147583v2 Submitted on 5 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON EN COTUTELLE AVEC L'UNIVERSITÉ LIBANAISE opérée au sein de l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 École Doctorale de Chimie-École Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies Discipline : Chimie Soutenue publiquement le 07/11/2018, par Rim MOUSELMANI Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Hypophosphites Devant le jury composé de Mme. Micheline DRAYE Université Savoie Mont Blanc Rapporteure M. Mohammad ELDAKDOUKI Université Arabe de Beyrouth Rapporteur Mme. Emmanuelle SCHULZ Université Paris 11 examinatrice M. Abderrahmane AMGOUNE Université Lyon 1 Président M. Mahmoud FARAJ Université Internationale Libanaise examinateur Mme. Estelle MÉTAY Université Lyon 1 Directrice de thèse M. Ali HACHEM Université Libanaise Directeur de thèse M. Marc LEMAIRE Université Lyon 1 Membre invité M. -
Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard
Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard Gas Juan-Carlos Lizardo-Huerta, Baptiste Sirjean, Laurent Verdier, René Fournet, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude To cite this version: Juan-Carlos Lizardo-Huerta, Baptiste Sirjean, Laurent Verdier, René Fournet, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude. Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard Gas. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, American Chemical Society, 2017, 121 (17), pp.3254-3262. 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01238. hal-01708219 HAL Id: hal-01708219 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01708219 Submitted on 13 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard Gas Juan-Carlos Lizardo-Huerta†, Baptiste Sirjean†, Laurent Verdier‡, René Fournet†, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude†,* †Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France ‡DGA Maîtrise NRBC, Site du Bouchet, 5 rue Lavoisier, BP n°3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France *corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The destruction of stockpiles or unexploded ammunitions of nitrogen mustard (tris (2- chloroethyl) amine, HN-3) requires the development of safe processes. -
Synthesis of Densely Substituted Pyridine Derivatives from Nitriles by a Non-Classical [4+2] Cycloaddition/1,5-Hydrogen Shift Strategy
Synthesis of densely substituted pyridine derivatives from nitriles by a non-classical [4+2] cycloaddition/1,5-hydrogen shift strategy Wanqing Wu ( [email protected] ) South China University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-7788 Dandan He South China University of Technology Kanghui Duan South China University of Technology Yang Zhou South China University of Technology Meng Li South China University of Technology Huanfeng Jiang South China University of Technology Article Keywords: pyridine derivatives, organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry. Posted Date: March 3rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-258126/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract A novel strategy has been established to assemble an array of densely substituted pyridine derivatives from nitriles and o-substituted aryl alkynes or 1-methyl-1,3-enynes via a non-classical [4 + 2] cycloaddition along with 1,5-hydrogen shift process. The well-balanced anities of two different alkali metal salts enable the C(sp3)-H bond activation as well as the excellent chemo- and regioselectivities. This protocol offers a new guide to construct pyridine frameworks from nitriles with sp3-carbon pronucleophiles, and shows potential applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Introduction Compounds containing pyridine core structures, not only widely exist in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials,1–7 but also serve as useful and valuable building blocks for metal ligands.8,9 For instance, pyridine derivative Actos I10 is a famous drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; Bi-(or tri-)pyridines II11–15 are often used as ligands in metal-catalyzed reactions; Kv1.5 antagonist III16 and alkaloid papaverine IV17 are two representative isoquinolines as a promising atrial- selective agent and a smooth muscle relaxant, respectively (Fig. -
Gasket Chemical Services Guide
Gasket Chemical Services Guide Revision: GSG-100 6490 Rev.(AA) • The information contained herein is general in nature and recommendations are valid only for Victaulic compounds. • Gasket compatibility is dependent upon a number of factors. Suitability for a particular application must be determined by a competent individual familiar with system-specific conditions. • Victaulic offers no warranties, expressed or implied, of a product in any application. Contact your Victaulic sales representative to ensure the best gasket is selected for a particular service. Failure to follow these instructions could cause system failure, resulting in serious personal injury and property damage. Rating Code Key 1 Most Applications 2 Limited Applications 3 Restricted Applications (Nitrile) (EPDM) Grade E (Silicone) GRADE L GRADE T GRADE A GRADE V GRADE O GRADE M (Neoprene) GRADE M2 --- Insufficient Data (White Nitrile) GRADE CHP-2 (Epichlorohydrin) (Fluoroelastomer) (Fluoroelastomer) (Halogenated Butyl) (Hydrogenated Nitrile) Chemical GRADE ST / H Abietic Acid --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Acetaldehyde 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetamide 1 1 1 1 2 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetanilide 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetic Acid, 30% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 2 3 Acetic Acid, 5% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 1 3 Acetic Acid, Glacial 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 2 3 3 Acetic Acid, Hot, High Pressure 3 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetic Anhydride 2 3 3 3 2 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetoacetic Acid 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetone Cyanohydrin 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetonitrile 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- --- --- 3 Acetophenetidine 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetophenone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetotoluidide 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetyl Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 The data and recommendations presented are based upon the best information available resulting from a combination of Victaulic's field experience, laboratory testing and recommendations supplied by prime producers of basic copolymer materials. -
EPA/Diethylenetriamine
Thursday May 23~1~S5 Part~ Environmental. Protection Agency 40 CFR Part 79S Dlsthyl.ne1flamine identification ~ Specific chemical Substance and MkU~e testhig Requirements; Final Rule Dl.thyfert.trlamlne; Proposed Teat Rule; — Rule JI~ 21398 Federal Register f Vol. 50. No. 100 1 Thursday, May 23. 1985 / Rules and Regulations ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION chemical fate testing (underaerobic relevant to assessing the risks to health AGENCY conditions only) for DETA. and the environment posed by exposure 1. Introduction to particular chemical substances or 40 CER Pal 799 This notice is part of the overall mixtures. implementation of section 4 of the Toxic Under section 4(a)(1) of TSCA. EPA (OPTS-420129 19*4-FRI. 2815-Sal Substances Control Act(TSCA, Pub. L. must require testing of a chemical 94.-469, 90 Stat 2003 etseq.. 15 US.C. substance to develop health or Idantificatlon of Specific Chsnilcal environmentaldata if the Administrator Substance and Mixture Testing 2801 et seq.) whichcontains authority R.qulrem.ntLD4.thylen.thamln. for EPA to require development of data finds that: AOSNCY Environmental Protection (A)(i) th. manufacture, distribution in commerce, proc. Agency (EPA). eonng, use, or disposal of a chemical substanceor mixture, or that .*CT*Osc Final rule. any combination of such activities, may present an unreasonable riakof injuryto health or the environment, (n) there are insu~cientdata and.aqerience upon which the ai~anv:This rule establishes testing effects of such manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, requirements under section 4(a) of the ma,or disposal.of such substance or iI~iThweor of any combine- Toxic Substances Control Act(TSCA) tion of such activities on health or thf.Invironment can reason- for manufacturers and processorsof ably be determined or predicted, and diethylenetriamine (DETA~CAS No. -
Microflex Gloves Chemical Compatibility Chart
1 1 1 2 2 3 1 CAUTION (LATEX): This product contains natural rubber 2 CAUTION (NITRILE: MEDICAL GRADE): Components used 3 CAUTION (NITRILE: NON-MEDICAL GRADE)): These latex (latex) which may cause allergic reactions. Safe use in making these gloves may cause allergic reactions in gloves are for non-medical use only. They may NOT be of this glove by or on latex sensitized individuals has not some users. Follow your institution’s policies for use. worn for barrier protection in medical or healthcare been established. applications. Please select other gloves for these applications. Components used in making these gloves may cause allergic reactions in some users. Follow your institution’s policies for use. For single use only. NeoPro® Chemicals NeoPro®EC Ethanol ■NBT Ethanolamine (99%) ■NBT Ether ■2 Ethidium bromide (1%) ■NBT Ethyl acetate ■1 Formaldehyde (37%) ■NBT Formamide ■NBT Gluteraldehyde (50%) ■NBT Test Method Description: The test method uses analytical Guanidine hydrochloride ■NBT equipment to determine the concentration of and the time at which (50% ■0 the challenge chemical permeates through the glove film. The Hydrochloric acid ) liquid challenge chemical is collected in a liquid miscible chemical Isopropanol ■NBT (collection media). Data is collected in three separate cells; each cell Methanol ■NBT is compared to a blank cell which uses the same collection media as both the challenge and Methyl ethyl ketone ■0 collection chemical. Methyl methacrylate (33%) ■0 Cautionary Information: These glove recommendations are offered as a guide and for reference Nitric acid (50%) ■NBT purposes only. The barrier properties of each glove type may be affected by differences in material Periodic acid (50%) ■NBT thickness, chemical concentration, temperature, and length of exposure to chemicals. -
Possible Applications of Diethylenetriamine (Deta) in Co2 Capturing- a Mini - Review
___________________ POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF DIETHYLENETRIAMINE (DETA) IN CO2 CAPTURING- A MINI - REVIEW Rawat N1,*, Iglič A1,2, Gimsa J3 1Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Chair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3University of Rostock, Chair for Biophysics, Gertrudenstr. 11A, 18057 Rostock, Germany *[email protected] Abstract In the past decades, reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere has become a challenging goal. Capturing the CO2 directly before storage is becoming a thriving alternative approach. Septavaux et al. (1) have proposed a CO2 fixation method using diethylenetriamine (DETA) to produce a range of carbamation species that can be used for metal separation and recovery. They could show that lanthanum and nickel can be separated from the exhaust gases of vehicle engines by successive CO2-induced selective precipitations. Individual metal components of La2Ni9Co alloys used to manufacture batteries for electric vehicles can also be separated. Here we suggest to use DETA as a mediator for an attractive interaction between like-charged macroions. ___________________ 79 1. Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission into the atmosphere has increased at an alarming rate. In order to reduce CO2 emissions, adequate measures for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) or utilization (CCU) need to be taken (2). Since CCS is expensive therefore more attention is directed towards CCU because it has other economic advantages. CCU would significantly reduce the cost of storage due to recycling of CO2 for further usage. In this context, Septavaux et al. (1) recently showed that the cost of CO2 capturing with the industrial polyamine DETA can be reduced even further with another environmentally beneficial process (3).