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Exploring Bicycle Options for Federal Lands: Bike Sharing, Rentals and Employee Fleets

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Exploring Bicycle Options for Federal Lands: Bike Sharing, Rentals and Employee Fleets FHWA-WFL/TD-12-001 JANUARY 2012 EXPLORING BICYCLE OPTIONS FOR FEDERAL LANDS: BIKE SHARING, RENTALS AND EMPLOYEE FLEETS Technical Report published by Technology Deployment Program Western Federal Lands Highway Division Federal Highway Administration 610 East 5th St. Vancouver, WA 98661 For more information or additional copies contact: Susan Law, Planning Team Leader [email protected], 360.619.7840 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-WFL/TD-12-001 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date January 2012 EXPLORING BICYCLE OPTIONS FOR FEDERAL LANDS: BIKE SHARING, RENTALS AND EMPLOYEE FLEETS 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Rebecca Gleason, Laurie Miskimins 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Western Transportation Institute P.O. Box 174250 11. Contract or Grant No. Bozeman, MT 59717-4250 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Federal Highway Administration Final Report Western Federal Lands Highway Division August 2009 – July 2011 610 East 5th St. Vancouver, WA 98661 14. Sponsoring Agency Code HFL-17 15. Supplementary Notes COTR: Susan Law – FHWA CFLHD/WFLHD. Advisory Panel Members: Adam Schildge – FTA, Alan Turnbull – NPS RTCA, Andrew Duvall, National Science Foundation IGERT PhD student, Brandon Jutz – FWS, Candace Rutt – CDC, Diana Allen – NPS RTCA, Franz Gimmler – non-motorized consultant, Ivan Levin – Outdoor Foundation, Jane D. Wargo – HHS, Jason Martz – NPS, Jim Evans – NPS, Nathan Caldwell – FWS, Paul DeMaio – Bike Share consultant, Tokey Boswell – NPS. This project was funded by the Fish and Wildlife Service Refuge Road Program. 16. Abstract Federal land management agencies are exploring how bicycle programs can provide employees and visitors with more travel choices, while working toward their environmental, public health and sustainability goals. This report explores three options for making bicycles more readily available in Federal lands: public bicycle sharing programs, bicycle rental operations and employee bicycle fleets. Bicycle sharing programs are a form of public transportation, supplying bikes for short-term use through a network of automated bike parking stations. Bike rental programs are typically for-profit businesses that rent bikes for recreational use for a few hours up to several days. Employee fleets make bikes available to individuals associated with an organization to use for work, errands and/or recreation, usually at no cost. This report builds on previous work from The Guide to Promoting Bicycling on Federal Lands (FHWA, 2008a), which sought to raise awareness of the environmental, public health and resource management benefits of bicycling. This report presents various methods to make bikes more available in Federal lands through bike sharing programs, rentals and employee fleets. This report explores how elements of successful bike programs may be adapted for Federal lands settings. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement No restriction. This document is available to the public BICYCLE SHARING, BIKE RENTALS, from the following website: EMPLOYEE BIKE FLEETS, ALTERNATIVE http://www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/programs/td/publications/ TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL LANDS, MULTI- MODAL 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 116 0 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized January 2012 Report Number: FHWA-WFL/TD-12-001 EXPLORING BICYCLE OPTIONS FOR FEDERAL LANDS: BIKE SHARING, RENTALS AND EMPLOYEE FLEETS Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Highway Administration or Montana State University. This document can be downloaded from the following websites: http://www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/programs/td/publications/ http://www.cflhd.gov/lrtp/proj_compl.cfm http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/ http://www.triptac.org/ResourceLibrary/CentralRepository/Repository.aspx QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT The FHWA provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Primary author Rebecca Gleason would like to thank The Fish and Wildlife Service Refuge Roads Program for funding this project and many individuals who contributed their time and expertise. Susan Law at the Federal Highway Administration Western Federal Lands Highway Division (WFLHD) had the vision and provided leadership to initiate this project and secure funding. Laurie Miskimins with FHWA Central Federal Lands provided significant guidance and co-authorship. Rachael Gregg with WFLHD helped with the graphic design and document layout. Kristin Kirkpatrick, previously a transportation planner with Central Federal Lands contributed many great ideas at the project start. The advisory committee consisted of accomplished professionals who provided great insight, diverse viewpoints and demonstrated patience on this project- thank you! ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Adam R. Schildge Ivan Levin Program Manager, Paul S. Sarbanes Director of Outdoor Nation, Transit in Parks Program, FTA Outdoor Foundation Alan Turnbull Jane D. Wargo Partnership and Communications Program Analyst, President’s Council Specialist Rivers, Trails, and Conservation on Physical Fitness and Sports, HHS Assistance Program NPS Jason Martz Andrew Duvall National Mall & Memorial Parks Park National Science Foundation IGERT Ranger, Bike Program Coordinator, NPS PhD student, Department of Health Jim Evans and Behavioral Sciences, Sustainable National Park Service Headquarters, Park Urban Infrastructure Program, Facilities Management Division, NPS University of Colorado Denver Nathan Caldwell Brandon Jutz Byways, Transportation Regional Refuge Roads Coordinator FWS Enhancements, and Alternative Candace Rutt, Ph.D. Transportation Coordinator, FWS Division of Nutrition, Physical Paul DeMaio Activity and Obesity Center for Bicycle Sharing Consultant, Disease Control and Prevention Founder Metrobike LLC Diana Allen Tokey Boswell NPS Rivers, Trails & Conservation Program Analyst Park Planning & Assistance Program Special Studies Division NPS Franz Gimmler Non-motorized transportation consultant At the Western Transportation Institute, thank you to Andrew Scott, Carla Little, David Kack and Neil Hetherington for continuous support and assistance with editing and organization. Thank you to the many leaders in Federal lands and bicycle sharing programs around the country who shared information and gave insight to help others initiate bike sharing programs. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BLM Bureau of Land Management CDC Centers for Disease Control CUA Commerical Use Authorization DDOT District of Columbia Department of Transportation DOT Department of Transportation EPA United States Environmental Protection Act FHWA Federal Highway Administraion FLMA Federal Land Management Agencies FWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service FS Forest Service GhG Greenhouse Gas Emissions GPS Global Positioning System HAVO Hawaii Volcanoes NP HHS United States Department of Health and Human Services HUD Housing and Urban Development IGERT Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship IT Information Technology LAB League of American Bicyclists MNRRA Mississippi National River and Recreation Area MOU Memorandum of Understanding NPF National Park Foundation NPS National Park Service NWR National Wildlife Refuge OSAF Office of Student Activities and Facilities PUBs Public Use Bicycles PBS Public Bicycle Sharing RFID Radio Frequency Identification RTCA River, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program VIP Volunteer in Parks WHO World Health Organization EXPLORING BICYCLE OPTIONS FOR FEDERAL LANDS: BIKE SHARING, RENTALS AND EMPLOYEE FLEETS CONTENTS NOTICE 2 QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEMS 7 1. INTRODUCTION 13 1.1. Project Background 14 1.2. Project Purpose 14 1.3. Document Organization 14 2. BICYCLING BENEFITS AND INITIATIVES 17 2.1. Bicycling Benefits 17 2.2. Federal Initiatives Supporting Bicycling 18 3. THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING 20 3.1. Four Generations of Bicycle Sharing 20 3.2. Public Bicycle Share versus Bicycle Rental Programs 21 3.3. Smart Bike Sharing Technologies 22 4. PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING PROGRAMS AND RENTAL PROGRAMS 25 4.1. Public Bicycle Sharing Case Studies 25 4.2. Bicycle Rental Program Case Studies 39 4.3 Public Bicycle Sharing and rental program Capital and Operating Costs 43 4.4. Public Bicycle
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