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Space Alert Volume VI, Issue 3, July 2018 ORF Quarterly on Space Affairs

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Space Alert Volume VI, Issue 3, July 2018 ORF Quarterly on Space Affairs Space Alert Volume VI, Issue 3, July 2018 ORF Quarterly on Space Affairs CONTENTS COMMENTARIES FROM THE MEDIA Space Force: Making Space Great Again FROM THE MEDIA Trump Orders Establishment of Space Force as By Victoria Samson. SixthISRO’s Military Mars Branch Mission Successful, India The concept of a Space Corps has been under CabinetMakes approves History Continuation Programme for discussion for some time and in fact was GeosynchronousISRO Inks Deal Satellite with China Launch for VehicleSpace supported by House legislation in 2017. It was India Offers Outer Space Expertise to not supported by current senior Pentagon Mark-III leadership who had their own ideas for CabinetBangladesh approves Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle increasing the space profile within the Air MarkU.S.-III DismissesContinuation Space Programme Weapons – Phase Treaty 6 Force, none of which included creating a new IsroProposal gets nod as for “Fundamentally semi-cryogenic Flawed” engine, will organisation. boostNASA GSLV’s Plans lift to Sendcapability Submarine by 1 tonne to Saturn’s Space: The New Battlefield Isro'sMoon Antrix signs MoU with SatSure for promoting geospatial technology By Lt. Gen. Vinod Khandare OPINIONS AND ANALYSIS India need not blindly follow others for a Space China Joins Private Space Race with Landmark Force but commence on prioritising the OneSpace Rocket Launch establishment of a Defence Space Agency with Indian PRL scientists discover an ‘EPIC’ planet NEW PUBLICATIONS a provision to expand it into a Space Command. Commerce Department to create “SPACE India has to identify the gaps in its capabilities Administration” and work out a comprehensive plan with clear NASA Selects US Companies to Advance cut objectives, resources and timelines to close the gap in the space domain. Space Resource Collection Russia's Roscosmos, France’s CNES agree to A US Space Force In Trump’s Shadow: cooperate in Solar system research Look Beyond The Man By John Sheldon OPINIONS AND ANALYSES Chinese and Russian reactions to President NEW PUBLICATIONS Donald Trump’s call for a Space Force have been predictable, but should be taken seriously EDITORIAL BOARD though not necessarily acquiesced to. Instead of blanket denials, today’s leaders in Beijing and Editor: Dr. Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan Moscow openly boast and reference their military space capabilities and ambitions. Associate Editor: Vidya Sagar Reddy 1 Space Force: Making Space Great Master Sergeant Kaleth Wright sent a memo to Again Air Force personnel later that day which read, “This work directed by the president will be a Victoria Samson thorough, deliberate, and inclusive process.” It went on to caution, “As such, we should not Recently, US President Donald Trump veered expect any immediate moves or changes. Our off-topic amidst giving a speech about a much- focus must remain on the mission as we needed presidential directive about the future of continue to accelerate the space warfighting space traffic management. Stating that when “it capabilities required to support the National comes to defending America, it is not enough Defense Strategy.” to merely have an American presence in space. We must have American dominance in space. Trump can and clearly has moved the debate I'm hereby directing the Department of Defense forward on whether a Space Force/Corps is and Pentagon to immediately begin the process needed. However, only the Congress has the necessary to establish a Space Force as the sixth authority to officially change military branch of the armed forces.” organisation and through the power of the funding make the decision to create a new He went on to note, “We are going to have the organisation or thoroughly revamp an old one Air Force, and we are going to have the Space as per the powers vested by the US Force — separate but equal.” (He later signed Constitution. Therefore, in order to realize the Space Presidential Directive or SPD-3, which Space Force, Congress needs to start legislating said nothing about a Space Force but instead on this. In the best-case scenario, guidance for had a lot of recommendations for shifting what should happen would not be created until responsibility for space situational awareness the budgetary cycle negotiations, beginning away from the Pentagon and to the Department next February. of Commerce.) In the meantime, what does this sort of To say that this announcement came as a statement accomplish? Worries about surprise to the military is an understatement. maintaining US dominance in space may sound The concept of a Space Corps, or a branch different coming from Trump than, say, under the Air Force that would be dedicated to Obama. However, this concern has been space, has been under discussion for some time paramount in many US national security circles and in fact was supported by House legislation for the past decade. Part of that is a slowly in 2017. However, it was not supported by dawning recognition that the United States no current senior Pentagon leadership who had longer has the lead in space technology and that their own ideas for increasing the space profile other countries’ achievements in space are within the Air Force, none of which included perceived as a zero-sum game - their progress creating a new organisation. Although a study directly leads to weakening of the US position, had been commissioned to examine this according to the strategists. Part of it is an concept, it has not been finished and is not understanding of maintaining security, expected to be until later this year. stability, and economy depending on space not just for the US but also for the world. Part of Scrambling to respond to Trump’s statement, this is a response to the changing space domain, Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson, Air Force which is the playing field for not only the Chief of Staff Gen. David Goldfein, and Chief 2 established spacefaring nations but also the explain what it will look like nor what it will non-state actors and new entrants from around do. the world. And part of it is admitting that the way the US military space acquisition was built was for a world that no longer exists and Victoria Samson is Washington D.C. Office therefore has to evolve in order to meet the Director of Secure World Foundation. She can existing demands and allow for future be reached @SWFoundation. requirements. It is hard to see how an impromptu call for a “separate but equal” Space Force changes any (Back to Contents) of that. What it does is cloud the US intent for its military space capabilities and force some players to interpret it as the US intending to put weapons on orbit. The US and other countries already wage warfare against space assets viz., jamming satellite signals, which is not a new phenomenon. (For more on the United States’ counterspace capabilities, as well as those of Russia, China, and India, please see SWF’s recent Global Counterspace Assessment.) However, by affecting international perception of the U.S. intent, the statement limits the potential for international cooperation weakening global security and stability in space. The Trump statement was made at a time when representatives from countries around the world were meeting in Vienna for celebrating the 50th anniversary of the first United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Later that same week was the start of the plenary session of the United Nations’ Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), where the United States has been one of the leaders in the nearly decade-long discussion of guidelines for the long-term sustainability of space. It would be a shame if real and useful recommendations for increasing the stability and sustainability of space were harmed by the specious call for an organisation that no one so far has been able to 3 Space: The New Battlefield the futuristic Hypersonic Glide Vehicle which can be launched into space, navigate on its own Lt. Gen. Vinod Khandare into Earth’s atmosphere and capable of avoiding radar and missile defences. China has US Vision demonstrated its anti-satellite and anti-ballistic With the probability of space wars between missile weapons capable enough to destroy the great powers increasing, the US President American space assets. Donald Trump announced a ‘Space Force’ in In this context, are we witnessing a reimagined order to maintain tactical and strategic space race and weaponisation of space? Would advantage on the geopolitical adversaries (the there be a covert warfare in space akin to what principal actors being the US, Russia and seems to be happening in the cyber domain? China). He announced that he is “directing the Would the Space Race lead to economic Department of Defence and Pentagon to burnouts as seen after nuclear arms race in view immediately begin the process necessary to of the extremely high investments involved? establish the Space Force as the sixth branch of There are no binary answers. the armed forces”. Space dominance is always critical to US national interests and seeking a The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 prevents space force is gain greater advantages over placing weapons of mass destruction in space. other adversarial powers. However, the methodology of future wars is likely to manifest beyond the realms of regular A realization that China and Russia are gaining methods. Employing cyber means to target a vital lead in space domain spurred the US space assets would fall under the ambit of being President to make this announcement, which non-lethal, non-kinetic and non-contact. The has been supported by his strategic advisors US unipolarity is being challenged by Russia with military background. The firm strides using asymmetric weaponry.
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