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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Time-Line 1846: William Barton Rogers, Founder of MIT

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Time-Line 1846: William Barton Rogers, Founder of MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Time-Line 1846: William Barton Rogers, founder of MIT https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/mit-facts/ The idea for MIT originated with William Barton Rogers who is classed as its founder and was MIT’s first president. Rogers was a professor of natural philosophy at the College of William and Mary when he described his vision for a “new polytechnic institute” in a letter to his brother Henry in 1846. 1861: MIT granted its official charter: ‘a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of industrial science’ https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/mit-facts/ MIT was founded on April 10, 1861, the date it was granted its official charter by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This was two days before the start of the American Civil War. Over the next several years plans were made and funds raised, with the first classes beginning in 1865. From the Acts of 1861, Section 1: https://corporation.mit.edu/sites/default/files/images/charter.pdf “….Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for the purpose of instituting and maintaining a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of industrial science, and aiding generally, by suitable means, the advancement, development and practical application of science in connection with arts, agriculture, manufacture and commerce…” 1862: MIT’s first meeting https://www.scribd.com/document/488808257/669-Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology-Society-of- Arts-Records William Barton Rogers issued a notice for the first meeting of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Seventeen persons responded to the notice and the meeting was convened on April 8 at the rooms of the Boston Board of Trade. The Act of Incorporation of M.I.T. was read and the first By-Laws of the Institute were enacted. The group thus convened referred to themselves as a Society of Arts. William Barton Rogers envisioned that the Society would be only one of three elements of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The other elements would be a school and a museum. Between 1862 and 1865, however, the Society of Arts was the only element of Massachusetts Institute of Technology extant. 1863: An Act in Addition to the Act to Incorporate…. [MIT] ‘shall provide for instruction in military tactics’ https://corporation.mit.edu/sites/default/files/images/charter.pdf Section 2 Said institute of technology, in addition to the objects set forth in its act of incorporation,--to wit, instituting and maintaining a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of industrial science, and aiding the advancement, development and practical application of science in connection with arts, agriculture, manufactures and commerce,--shall provide for instruction in military tactics; and in consideration of this grant, the governor, the chief justice of the supreme judicial court, and the secretary of the board of education, shall be each a member, ex officio, of the government of the institute. 1865: founding of The School of Architecture and Planning (SAP) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_School_of_Architecture_and_Planning Founded by William Robert Ware, offered the first formal architectural curriculum in the United States, and the first architecture program in the world operating within the establishment of a University. MIT SAP is considered a global academic leader in the design fields and one of the most prestigious schools in the world. MIT's Department of Architecture has consistently ranked among the top architecture/built environment schools in the world, and from 2015-2018 was ranked highest in the world in QS World University Rankings. In 2019, it was ranked second to The Bartlett but regained the number one position in the 2020 rankings. In the 20th century, the School came to be known as a leader in introducing modernism to America. MIT has a history of commissioning progressive buildings, many of which were designed by faculty or former students associated with the School. In recent years, the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been expanded with a mix of modernist and post-modernist buildings. 1860s-1880s: “The Initial Reception of MIT, 1860s-1880s” https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Perspectives_on_the_History_of_HIgher_Ed/_cGBkP2cfHAC ?hl=&gbpv=1 by A. J. Angulo in : Perspectives on the History of Higher Education, Volume 26; Volume 2007 1875 to 1877: The Rogers Laboratory https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/resources/950 Edward Charles Pickering was ….. director and organizer of the Rogers Laboratory, the first laboratory for instruction in physics in the United States, a project initially proposed by MIT's founder, William Barton Rogers, in his "Scope and Plan" for the Institute. 1914: The beaver chosen as MIT’s mascot in 1914. ‘his habits are nocturnal, he does his best work in the dark’ https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/mit-facts/ At a dinner of the Technology Club of New York, MIT President Maclaurin was requested to adopt the beaver as MIT’s formal mascot, which he did. As presented by Lester D. Gardner of the class of 1898, who quoted from William T. Hornaday’s book The American Natural History: A Foundation of Useful Knowledge of the Higher Animals of North America, “Of all the animals of the world, the beaver is noted for his engineering and mechanical skill and habits of industry. His habits are nocturnal, he does his best work in the dark.” (Technology Review, vol. 16, 1914). 1914 -1919: MIT in the Great War, “Technology's war record” [1920] https://archive.org/details/technologyswarre01mass Technology's war record; an interpretation of the contribution made by the Massachusetts institute of technology, its staff, its former students and its undergraduates to the cause of the United States and the allied powers in the great war, 1914-1919. From page 1: The Institute gave instruction to no fewer than 8,802 men as specialists and experts for various Government services, particularly aviators and officers of the Merchant Marine. In addition, 156,437 men were trained with the object of fitting them to become material for officers of the Army or the Merchant Marine in schools carried on under the direction of officers of the Institute. Research work connected with war problems was carried on in the laboratories of the Institute, and President Maclaurin is authority for the statement that at least one discovery of importance resulted from these investigations. Fifty-six members of the staff entered the military or naval service, and many of these also undertook work involving scientific investigation. The remaining members of the staff, almost without exception, acted in a consultant capacity for the Government or were otherwise engaged in work of an essential nature. Perhaps the greatest contribution of the Institute was that made indirectly, through its former students and undergraduates. From such records as it has been possible to gather up to the present date it appears that at least 4,897 were members of the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, while 79 others served in the military or naval forces of the Allies. Among them no fewer than 2,528 were commissioned officers; that is to say, fifty-one per cent of the whole, and among these are numbered two major- generals and five brigadiers. At least 2,300 others, serving in a civilian capacity, aided the Government as dollar-a-year men, consulting engineers or regular employees in govern- mental departments. Still others performed work of equally important nature in the manufacture of munitions and equipment. It is perhaps a little difficult to say just what industries were war industries, but records now at hand prove that more than eighty per cent of our men who were not in government service were engaged in work of a more or less essential nature. The materials produced by some, notably those engaged in the manufacture of explosives, had a great and perhaps decisive bearing on the outcome of the war. Page 303: the only way to insure to our Navy the best weapons and processes was to provide for a well co-ordinated scheme of research and production. Arrangements were accordingly made for an industrial census of the United States to determine where factories were located which might be of value to the Navy Department, should there be an outbreak of hostilities. A special organization was arranged for each state to carry on this work, and a number of Tech men connected with it, notably, Thomas W. Fry, '85, and Hugh K. Moore, '97, both of New Hampshire, Farley Osgood, '97, for New Jersey, G. H. Garcelon, '03, for Pennsylvania, Howard T. Graber, '03, for Michigan, and G. M. Bartlett, '05, of New Jersey. Moore as chief chemist and chemical engineer of the Brown Company later did much work in the manufacture of chloroform, and of sulphur chloride for use in the production of mustard gas. He was also a member of the Chemical Engineering Committee of the Council of National Defense, and interested various firms in the production of toxic gas, and in the manufacture of paper powder-containers Page 397: at least four electro-chemical plants whose operations were more or less directed by Tech men should be mentioned. These are the Shawinigan Water and Power Company, of which William S. Hart, '00, was treasurer and director; Electro Metallurgical Company, the Union Carbide Company and the National Carbon Company of all of which William J. Knapp, '06, was and still is vice-president and general manager. Creation of MIT’s two ‘special laboratories’; Radiation Laboratory and Instrumentation Laboratory. 1932: The Instrument Laboratory, now The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc from wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draper_Laboratory Draper Laboratory is an American not-for-profit research and development organization, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts; its official name is The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.[6] The laboratory specializes in the design, development, and deployment of advanced technology solutions to problems in national security, space exploration, health care and energy.
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