Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Time-Line

1846: William Barton Rogers, founder of MIT https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/mit-facts/ The idea for MIT originated with William Barton Rogers who is classed as its founder and was MIT’s first president. Rogers was a professor of natural philosophy at the College of William and Mary when he described his vision for a “new polytechnic institute” in a letter to his brother Henry in 1846.

1861: MIT granted its official charter: ‘a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of industrial science’ https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/mit-facts/ MIT was founded on April 10, 1861, the date it was granted its official charter by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This was two days before the start of the American Civil War. Over the next several years plans were made and funds raised, with the first classes beginning in 1865. From the Acts of 1861, Section 1: https://corporation.mit.edu/sites/default/files/images/charter.pdf “….Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for the purpose of instituting and maintaining a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of industrial science, and aiding generally, by suitable means, the advancement, development and practical application of science in connection with arts, agriculture, manufacture and commerce…”

1862: MIT’s first meeting https://www.scribd.com/document/488808257/669-Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology-Society-of- Arts-Records William Barton Rogers issued a notice for the first meeting of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Seventeen persons responded to the notice and the meeting was convened on April 8 at the rooms of the Boston Board of Trade. The Act of Incorporation of M.I.T. was read and the first By-Laws of the Institute were enacted. The group thus convened referred to themselves as a Society of Arts. William Barton Rogers envisioned that the Society would be only one of three elements of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The other elements would be a school and a museum. Between 1862 and 1865, however, the Society of Arts was the only element of Massachusetts Institute of Technology extant.

1863: An Act in Addition to the Act to Incorporate…. [MIT] ‘shall provide for instruction in military tactics’ https://corporation.mit.edu/sites/default/files/images/charter.pdf Section 2 Said institute of technology, in addition to the objects set forth in its act of incorporation,--to wit, instituting and maintaining a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of industrial science, and aiding the advancement, development and practical application of science in connection with arts, agriculture, manufactures and commerce,--shall provide for instruction in military tactics; and in consideration of this grant, the governor, the chief justice of the supreme judicial court, and the secretary of the board of education, shall be each a member, ex officio, of the government of the institute.

1865: founding of The School of Architecture and Planning (SAP) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_School_of_Architecture_and_Planning Founded by William Robert Ware, offered the first formal architectural curriculum in the United States, and the first architecture program in the world operating within the establishment of a University. MIT SAP is considered a global academic leader in the design fields and one of the most prestigious schools in the world. MIT's Department of Architecture has consistently ranked among the top architecture/built environment schools in the world, and from 2015-2018 was ranked highest in the world in QS World University Rankings. In 2019, it was ranked second to The Bartlett but regained the number one position in the 2020 rankings. In the 20th century, the School came to be known as a leader in introducing modernism to America. MIT has a history of commissioning progressive buildings, many of which were designed by faculty or former students associated with the School. In recent years, the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been expanded with a mix of modernist and post-modernist buildings.

1860s-1880s: “The Initial Reception of MIT, 1860s-1880s” https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Perspectives_on_the_History_of_HIgher_Ed/_cGBkP2cfHAC ?hl=&gbpv=1 by A. J. Angulo in : Perspectives on the History of Higher Education, Volume 26; Volume 2007

1875 to 1877: The Rogers Laboratory https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/resources/950 Edward Charles Pickering was ….. director and organizer of the Rogers Laboratory, the first laboratory for instruction in physics in the United States, a project initially proposed by MIT's founder, William Barton Rogers, in his "Scope and Plan" for the Institute.

1914: The beaver chosen as MIT’s mascot in 1914. ‘his habits are nocturnal, he does his best work in the dark’ https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/mit-facts/ At a dinner of the Technology Club of New York, MIT President Maclaurin was requested to adopt the beaver as MIT’s formal mascot, which he did. As presented by Lester D. Gardner of the class of 1898, who quoted from William T. Hornaday’s book The American Natural History: A Foundation of Useful Knowledge of the Higher Animals of North America, “Of all the animals of the world, the beaver is noted for his engineering and mechanical skill and habits of industry. His habits are nocturnal, he does his best work in the dark.” (Technology Review, vol. 16, 1914).

1914 -1919: MIT in the Great War, “Technology's war record” [1920] https://archive.org/details/technologyswarre01mass Technology's war record; an interpretation of the contribution made by the Massachusetts institute of technology, its staff, its former students and its undergraduates to the cause of the United States and the allied powers in the great war, 1914-1919. From page 1: The Institute gave instruction to no fewer than 8,802 men as specialists and experts for various Government services, particularly aviators and officers of the Merchant Marine. In addition, 156,437 men were trained with the object of fitting them to become material for officers of the Army or the Merchant Marine in schools carried on under the direction of officers of the Institute. Research work connected with war problems was carried on in the laboratories of the Institute, and President Maclaurin is authority for the statement that at least one discovery of importance resulted from these investigations. Fifty-six members of the staff entered the military or naval service, and many of these also undertook work involving scientific investigation. The remaining members of the staff, almost without exception, acted in a consultant capacity for the Government or were otherwise engaged in work of an essential nature. Perhaps the greatest contribution of the Institute was that made indirectly, through its former students and undergraduates. From such records as it has been possible to gather up to the present date it appears that at least 4,897 were members of the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, while 79 others served in the military or naval forces of the Allies. Among them no fewer than 2,528 were commissioned officers; that is to say, fifty-one per cent of the whole, and among these are numbered two major- generals and five brigadiers. At least 2,300 others, serving in a civilian capacity, aided the Government as dollar-a-year men, consulting engineers or regular employees in govern- mental departments. Still others performed work of equally important nature in the manufacture of munitions and equipment. It is perhaps a little difficult to say just what industries were war industries, but records now at hand prove that more than eighty per cent of our men who were not in government service were engaged in work of a more or less essential nature. The materials produced by some, notably those engaged in the manufacture of explosives, had a great and perhaps decisive bearing on the outcome of the war. Page 303: the only way to insure to our Navy the best weapons and processes was to provide for a well co-ordinated scheme of research and production. Arrangements were accordingly made for an industrial census of the United States to determine where factories were located which might be of value to the Navy Department, should there be an outbreak of hostilities. A special organization was arranged for each state to carry on this work, and a number of Tech men connected with it, notably, Thomas W. Fry, '85, and Hugh K. Moore, '97, both of New Hampshire, Farley Osgood, '97, for New Jersey, G. H. Garcelon, '03, for Pennsylvania, Howard T. Graber, '03, for Michigan, and G. M. Bartlett, '05, of New Jersey. Moore as chief chemist and chemical engineer of the Brown Company later did much work in the manufacture of chloroform, and of sulphur chloride for use in the production of mustard gas. He was also a member of the Chemical Engineering Committee of the Council of National Defense, and interested various firms in the production of toxic gas, and in the manufacture of paper powder-containers Page 397: at least four electro-chemical plants whose operations were more or less directed by Tech men should be mentioned. These are the Shawinigan Water and Power Company, of which William S. Hart, '00, was treasurer and director; Electro Metallurgical Company, the Union Carbide Company and the National Carbon Company of all of which William J. Knapp, '06, was and still is vice-president and general manager.

Creation of MIT’s two ‘special laboratories’; Radiation Laboratory and Instrumentation Laboratory.

1932: The Instrument Laboratory, now The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc from wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draper_Laboratory Draper Laboratory is an American not-for-profit research and development organization, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts; its official name is The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.[6] The laboratory specializes in the design, development, and deployment of advanced technology solutions to problems in national security, space exploration, health care and energy. The laboratory was founded in 1932 by Charles Stark Draper at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to develop aeronautical instrumentation, and came to be called the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. During this period the laboratory is best known for developing the Apollo Guidance Computer, the first silicon integrated circuit based computer.[7] It was renamed for its founder in 1970, and separated from MIT in 1973 to become an independent, non-profit organization.[1][7][8] The expertise of the laboratory staff includes the areas of guidance, navigation, and control technologies and systems; fault-tolerant computing; advanced algorithms and software systems; modeling and simulation; and microelectromechanical systems and multichip module technology. In 1932 Charles Stark Draper, an MIT aeronautics professor, founded a teaching laboratory to develop the instrumentation needed for tracking, controlling and navigating aircraft. During World War II, Draper's lab was known as the Confidential Instrument Development Laboratory. Later, the name was changed to the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory or I-Lab. As of 1970, it was located at 45 Osborn Street in Cambridge.[9] The laboratory was renamed for its founder in 1970 and remained a part of MIT until 1973 when it became an independent, not-for-profit research and development corporation.[1][7][10] The transition to an independent corporation arose out of pressures for divestment of MIT laboratories doing military research at the time of the Vietnam War, despite the absence of a role of the laboratory in that war.[11]

October 1940: The Radiation Laboratory, now Lincoln Laboratory and Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) The Tizard Mission caused the foundation of the MIT Radiation Laboratory in October 1940. https://news.mit.edu/2015/how-tizard-mission-paved-way-for-MIT-research-1123 At the height of World War II, an unlikely group of scientific heroes traveled from Britain to the United States by way of Canada, clinging tightly to Britain’s most prized scientific war-time secret : the cavity magnetron. This mission — known now as the Tizard Mission – began with the simple goal of mass producing the cavity magnetron, the core technology for microwave radar, on American soil.

The MIT Radiation Lab, created in October 1940, became one of the largest wartime projects, employing nearly 4,000 people at its peak.

MIT Radiation Laboratory from wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Radiation_Laboratory The name 'Radiation Laboratory', selected by Loomis when he selected the building for it on the MIT campus, was intentionally deceptive, albeit obliquely correct in that radar uses radiation in a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It was chosen to imply the laboratory's mission was similar to that of the Ernest O. Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory at UC Berkeley; i.e., that it employed scientists to work on nuclear physics research. At the time, nuclear physics was regarded as relatively theoretical and inapplicable to military equipment, as this was before atomic bomb development had begun. Ernest Lawrence was an active participant in forming the Rad Lab and personally recruited many key members of the initial staff. Most of the senior staff were Ph.D. physicists who came from university positions. They usually had no more than an academic knowledge of microwaves, and almost no background involving electronic hardware development. Their capability, however, to tackle complex problems of almost any type was outstanding. Later in life, nine members of the staff were recipients of the Nobel Prize for other accomplishments. In June 1941, the NDRC became part of the new Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), also administered by Vannevar Bush, who reported directly to President Roosevelt. The OSRD was given almost unlimited access to funding and resources, with the Rad Lab receiving a large share for radar research and development. Starting in 1942, the Manhattan Project absorbed a number of the Rad Lab physicists into Los Alamos and Lawrence's facility at Berkeley. This was made simpler by Lawrence and Loomis being involved in all of these projects.[4]

1942: The Manhattan Project produced the first nuclear weapons. https://www.atomicheritage.org/location/cambridge-ma A number of Manhattan Project scientists were educated at Harvard and MIT, and both universities played an important role in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II.

1946: The Radiation Laboratory Series of books http://web.mit.edu/klund/www/books/radlab.html After the end of World War II, the United States government continued to pay key people who had worked at the Radiation Laboratory for six months to enable them to write about their work. From the forward of each book: The tremendous research and development effort that went into the development of radar and related techniques during World War II resulted not only in hundreds of radar sets for military (and some for possible peacetime) use but also in a great body of information and new techniques in the electronics and high-frequency fields. Because this basic material may be of great value to science and engineering, it seemed most important to publish it as soon as security permitted. However, an altruistic drive to publish the Lab's achievements in open literature was not the only impetus. As C. C. Bissell observes: The imposing 27-volume [sic] Radiation Lab Series was not only a technological statement, but also a political statement about the role the United States was to play in the post-war world... that in the post-war world the United States would be the intellectual driving force of science and technology, as well as the economic and political super power. [1] The entire Volume in PDF form : https://www.febo.com/pages/docs/RadLab/

The Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was founded in 1946 as the successor to the famed MIT Radiation Laboratory (Rad Lab) of World War II. https://www.rle.mit.edu/about/history/ Directors: https://www.rle.mit.edu/about/history/past- directors

1946: Julius Adams Stratton: First Director RLE 1946-1949, First Chancellor of MIT https://www.rle.mit.edu/about/history/past-directors/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Adams_Stratton He published the classic book "Electromagnetic Theory" as part of the McGraw-Hill series in Pure and Applied Physics in 1941. It has been re-issued by the IEEE. He served as the president of MIT between 1959 and 1966, after serving the university in several lesser posts, notably appointments to provost in 1949, vice president in 1951, and chancellor in 1956. He also served as the chairman of the Ford Foundation between 1964 and 1971. In 1967, Stratton was seconded to chair a Congressionally established "Commission on Marine Sciences, Engineering and Resources" whose work culminated in a report, "Our Nation and the Sea", published in 1969, that had a major influence on ocean sciences and management in the United States and abroad. The commission itself became commonly referred to as the Stratton Commission. Stratton was also a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.[3]

Julius Stratton meets with P.G.Strong of the CIA re Flying Saucers: https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0005515940.pdf

Stratton's wife, Catherine “Kay” Stratton was one of MIT's most active first ladies, and was actively serving MIT until her death. https://news.mit.edu/2014/catherine-kay-stratton-obituary-0916

1945-1965: “Humanizing the Cold War Campus” https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.463.8584&rep=rep1&type=pdf “The Battle for Hearts and Minds at MIT, 1945-1965”

1949: Changes as a Result of World War II From: “Report of The Committee on Educational Survey to the Faculty of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology” http://facultygovernance.mit.edu/sites/default/files/reports/1949- 12_Report_of_the_Committee_on_Educational_Survey.pdf [pages 13-14] Recent Changes as a Result of World War II In November 1940, the Radiation Laboratory was established at M.I.T., and this date marks the active entry of the Institute into a wartime regime, well over a year before Pearl Harbour. Although the Radiation Laboratory was by far the largest of all our projects, every department ultimately became engaged in war work, and the volume of research and development contracts had exceeded one hundred million dollars before the end of 1945. The contractual responsibility for the effective administration of these many projects was an Institute affair, but technical direction was by no means confined to our own staff. Particularly in the case of the Radiation Laboratory, whose personnel by the close of the war approached four thousand, M. I. T. acted as host to an extraordinarily distinguished group of physicists and engineers drawn from through-out the land. Thus, for nearly six years, the Institute served as the vortex of intense activity in the development of new weapons and techniques in a great variety of fields, drawing experts from many institutions and sending away members of its own staff as consultants to industry and the armed forces. These six years comprise a most important chapter in the history of M.I.T. and they have left indelible marks on_ the character and outlook of the institution. The experience of receiving into our midst such an imposing gathering of scholars from other universities was invaluable. There was a period during the early years when the multitude of our visitors conveyed the impression of an invasion from abroad. In time, however, the conciliatory changes characteristic of most extended foreign occupations began to occur, and it was notable in 1945 that many of the sharp distinctions between the several groups about our campus had begun to disappear. We trust that those who now have returned to their own colleges and universities will look back upon the war years at M.I.T. as a profitable and intensely interesting period. For our part these war-time experiences and associations have, without question, exercised a very great influence on educational matters and research. Furthermore, the administrative experience of managing a very large enterprise was an invaluable one. We acquired much first-hand knowledge of the problems of a big institution and the conduct of research under government sponsorship on an extended scale. The New Problems The war-time changes have led to several problems of paramount importance to M.I.T. Among these, the four that follow seem to us to deserve particular consideration. First, there is the matter of size. The spectacular war-time activities of the Institute left us with a greatly expanded plant, gave our staff new interests and opportunities, and vastly stimulated the demand for our type of education. Size has an important bearing on the character of every institution. Those who have been at the Institute for the past ten years are well aware that this period has been accompanied both by progressive diversification of activities and by decrease in unity of the M.I.T. community-staff, student body, and administration.

1962: “Profit and Loss - The Military and MIT in the Post War Era” https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757655?seq=1 Sizing up MIT in 1962 from his perspective as the director of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, physicist Alvin Weinberg, who coined the term “big science”, quipped that it was becoming increasingly hard “to tell whether the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a university with many government research laboratories appended to it or a cluster of government research laboratories with a very good educational institution attached to it.” With nearly a hundred million dollars in annually sponsored research contracts by the 1960s, a figure that would almost double by the end of the decade, science and engineering at MIT had become big business. MIT’s John Slater was one of the many university scientists whose careers spanned the transition from small-scale, professorially oriented, privately funded research to the grand scale, interdisciplinary, federally funded research enterprise that is perhaps the single most important development in 20th century higher education. July 1963: Project MAC, the Project on Mathematics and Computation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory#Project_ MA On July 1, 1963, Project MAC (the Project on Mathematics and Computation, later backronymed to Multiple Access Computer, Machine Aided Cognitions, or Man and Computer) was launched with a $2 million grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Project MAC's original director was Robert Fano of MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE)….. Project MAC would become famous for groundbreaking research in operating systems, artificial intelligence, and the theory of computation. Project MAC ("Switzerland") http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/projects/mac/

1967: Anti-Vietnam War demonstration: “March 4: Scientists, Students and Society” page ix https://libraries.mit.edu/app/dissemination/DIPonline/2017_005RR_March4th/39080024064922.pdf The first large-scale actions taken on the MIT campus were part of the wave of demonstrations against the war in the fall of 1967. They took the form of a protest against recruiting students to work for Dow Chemical Company, supplier of napalm to the U.S. Armed Forces.

March 1969: Anti-Vietnam War demonstration and work strike. From The Tech, March 4 1969, page 2 Vietnam War protests and a strike by academics and engineers over specific military projects being carried out at MIT. (Also on this day, IFC grants Pi Kappa Alpha permission to start colony). SACC (Student Action Coordinating Committee) presents final proposals for March 4 demonstration, this includes termination of military related research projects and no classified courses conducted at MIT. http://tech.mit.edu/V89/PDF/V89-N7.pdf “Admission to course XIII-A is subject to approval of the U. S. Navy. Courses 13.25, 13.44, 13.45, and 13.46 are restricted to selected officers of the U. S. Navy and Coast Guard. According to Prof. Jack Ruina, vice-president in charge of special laboratories, 50% of the work done at the Instrumentation and Lincoln laboratories is classified, including a number of graduate these which are done there.”

[NB: Jack Ruina - Wikipedia Jack Ruina: professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1963 until 1997…. He then served in positions at the U.S. Department of Defense, including deputy for research to the assistant secretary of research and engineering of the U.S. Air Force, Assistant Director of Defense Research and Engineering for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency.]

October 1969: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Review Panel on Special Laboratories Final Report. Panel includes Noam Chomsky http://mitscienceforthepeople.weebly.com/uploads/4/0/9/8/40982869/review_panel_on_speciallabora tories_-_final_report_-_oct_1969.pdf Among the several laboratories in which the research activities of M. I. T. are centered, two are distinguished by their size and the nature of their programs as “special laboratories” Instrumentation Laboratory: has been at the forefront of guidance, navigation, and control technology. Its current effort, supported by many separate contracts, is about equally divided between NASA and Department of Defense programs. It has been responsible for the guidance systems for the Apollo and for several generations of ballistic missiles. Lincoln Laboratory was created 18 years ago in response to urgent appeals to M. I. T. by the Department of Defense to do research and development directed at continental a.ir defense. The laboratory is almost totally supported by the DOD with major programs in space communications, re-entry technology, radar technology, solid state research, and other areas of applied electronics. It has made major contributions to the technology of such early warning systems as SAGE, DEW and BMEWS and has built several experimental communications satellites. The annual budget in Fiscal 1968 for both laboratories was about $120 million; the total M. I. T. budget was $214 million.

November 1969: Why Smash MIT? – 1969 article from ‘The Old Mole’ Why Smash MIT? – 1969 article from 'The Old Mole' — Science and Revolution “MIT isn’t a center for scientific and social research to serve humanity. It’s a part of the US war machine. Into MIT flow over $100 million a year in Pentagon research and development funds, making it the tenth largest Defense Department R&D contractor in the country. MIT’s purpose is to provide research, consulting services and trained personnel for the US government and the major corporations – research, services, and personnel which enable them to maintain their control over the people of the world. NAC’s (November Action Coalition’s) campaign was directed against MIT as an institution, against its central purpose. It focused, however, on seven specific projects which are illustrative of the worst kinds of projects the Institution carries out for imperialism. Last week’s actions are part of a continuing campaign to end these seven projects: mirv and helicopter MIRV (Multiple Independently-targeted Re-entry Vehicles) and the Helicopter Stabilization Project: These projects are being done at the Instrumentation Laboratories, which are considered capable of the most sophisticated and reliable guidance work of any lab in the country. The MIRV is designed to give the US a first-strike capability: the capability of launching a nuclear attack without being destroyed in return. Each MIRV missile contains many warheads each of which can be aimed at a different target. While MIRV gives US imperialism fantastic world-wide power, the helicopter stabilization project is designed specifically for counter-insurgency projects like Vietnam. It’s goal is an all-weather guidance and stabilization system for helicopters, which would alleviate many of the present difficulties in establishing aim from rapid-fire machine-guns in helicopters in Vietnam, especially in bad weather. abm and mti ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missile) and MTI (Moving Target Indicator): these projects are being done at the Lincoln laboratories, established in 1951 ‘for the purpose of creating effective solutions to urgent national defense problems’ (MIT President’s Report 1968). ABM, like the MIRV, is intended to give the US a first-strike capability. And, as Senator Richard Russell has said, ‘The first country to deploy an effective ABM system . . . is going to control this world militarily.’ The MTI is a radar system that allows guerrillas moving through dense foliage to be detected three miles away by a helicopter travelling up to 200 miles per hour, in all weather, day or night. Test models are already in use in Vietnam. com-com Com-Com Project and International Communism Project: Both of these projects are being done at MIT’s Center for International Studies. The CIS was established in the early 1950s to deal with some of the ‘social science problems’ in the implementation of US foreign policy. It was funded by the CIA from its inception until 1966, when Director Max Millikan announced that ‘for practical and not moral reasons’ ties were officially cut. Millikan came to the center after a two–year stint as assistant director of the CIA. The Com-Com Project is directed by Ithiel de Sola Pool. Pool is a political ‘scientist’ who has spent much time in Vietnam in the past few years as part of the DoD’s [Department of Defense’s] Chieu Hoi program (a program to induce Viet Cong defection). Com-Com is a program of technical and communications research in psychological warfare. Com-Com is a program of technical and communications research in psychological warfare. The International Communism Project was originally funded by the CIA (now by the Ford Foundation) to provide analysis of intelligence information about radical and revolutionary movements throughout the world on the basis of public documents. (At least one of CIS’s two Old Mole subscriptions must go here.) The US intelligence apparatus would like an independent check and analysis of this information done outside the government, which the project has provided. Project CAM (or, the Cambridge Project): This project, conceived by Pool, former ARPA (Advanced Projects Agency of the DoD) official J.C.R. Licklider, and ARPA official Bob Taylor, will receive $7.69 million from the DoD over the next five years. It is intended to develop general theory which will help solve those DoD and US Government problems which are considered ‘behavioral-science problems’. It will use existing data collections of such things as interviews with NLF [Vietnamese National Liberation Front] defectors and peasant attitudes. As Pool has stated, ‘[Some students] are under the impression that the Project will deal with counter-insurgency problems and peasant attitudes. These topics of research are nothing new. They have been going on all the time in various sectors of the community. These areas would be strengthened by the project . . . ’ phony conversion In reaction to the demands that those seven projects be stopped and the planned November Actions around them, MIT President Howard Johnson and other members of the administration have attempted to make it seem as if the Lincoln and Instrumentation Labs are going to be ‘converted’. They replaced the I-Labs Director, C. Stark Draper (the guided missile expert) with Charles L. Miller, who is supposed to be interested ‘urban problems’. They announced a new research policy at the two Labs. However, their ‘new’ research policy turns out to be very much like the old one. The labs will continue to do everything short of the final development of weapons systems. Thus, according to the ‘new’ criteria, the ABM, MTI, and the helicopter stabilization projects were all acceptable and even the initial research into MIRV would be permitted. In either case, administrators have said that all projects will continue until completion. In addition, a memorandum from Miller to Johnson which was made public by the NAC on Oct. 28 showed that funds for any sort of ‘conversion’ are not forthcoming. Miller himself referred to ‘conversion’ (always in quotes in his memo) as a ‘misleading illusion’.

May 1970: MIT…divesting itself of the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/21/archives/mit-will-end-relationship-with-a-research- laboratory.html CAMBRIDGE, Mass., May 20 — The Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced today that it was divesting itself of the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, a key center for space and military research. It has developed the guidance systems for the Apollo spacecraft and various guided missiles. However, the institute will retain its other special laboratory, the Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Mass., which per forms about $65‐million a year in research for the Defense Department. The decision, disclosed to the M.I.T. faculty this afternoon, culminates more than a year of hitter debate over the appropriateness of an academic institution's sponsoring weapons research. In World War II, M.I.T. became a major center of military technology, making a vital contribution to victory, but has been under growing at tack with the rising antiwar tide on campuses.

1970: Publication of the book ‘The Hidden Curriculum’ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology In 1970, the then-Dean of Institute Relations, Benson R. Snyder, published The Hidden Curriculum, arguing that education at MIT was often slighted in favor of following a set of unwritten expectations and that graduating with good grades was more often the product of figuring out the system rather than a solid education. The successful student, according to Snyder, was the one who was able to discern which of the formal requirements were to be ignored in favor of which unstated norms.

April 1972: ‘MIT may be dangerous to the world’ From The Tech, Friday April 28, 1972 (page 5) http://tech.mit.edu/V92/PDF/V92-N21.pdf MITs Lincoln Labs have taken the lead in developing systems of sensor to detect anything on the ground, computer systems to direct bombs and shells to these targets, and radar/electronic countermeasures and ultrasophisticated bomb guidance to make sure the bombs get to the targets…. Dr.Wiesner says he doesn't know exactly what war-related contracts the Institute is pursuing. Again, I believe him. It's interesting to note that Jerry has been Provost (1966-71), chief officer of the lnstitute responsible for research, and President (1971 -- ), who has to sign all MIT’s contracts. So if he doesn't know what war research MIT is doing, either he hasn't thought it important to know, or he doesn’t want to know. In any case, Wiesner's statement is very clear evidence that war research at MIT is a routine thing, not worthy of the President's attention.

April 1988: Nobel Winner is Caught Up in a Dispute Over Study Nobel Winner Is Caught Up In a Dispute Over Study (nytimes.com) Seventeen pages of private laboratory notes that fell into the hands of an obscure junior scientist have set off a bitter dispute over the accuracy of a scientific paper whose authors included a Nobel Prize winner, Dr. David Baltimore of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At issue is whether the notes support or contradict a central finding of the paper, written by a team of six scientists and published in the journal Cell on April 25, 1986. The dispute calls into question a dramatic conclusion in the paper about genetic control of the immune system that has been challenged on other grounds as well. It also provides a rare glimpse into the workings of a renowned scientific team and into what happens behind the scenes when charges are made that threaten to tarnish reputations.

May 1988: ‘Examining John Deutch's Pentagon connections’ http://tech.mit.edu/V108/PDF/V108-N26.pdf From The Tech, May 27 1988, page 2 Student activists on this campus call John M. Deutch '61 the "War Provost" because of his many associations with the Pentagon. But faculty members are more cautious when it comes to discussing a man who is both the chief academic officer of MIT and an advocate in setting the nation's military policy

February 1989: Twenty Years later MIT still doing military research projects http://tech.mit.edu/V109/N6/ The Tech - Volume 109, Issue 6: page 5 MIT is currently engaged in several hundred research projects for the Department of Defense. The following are examples of unclassified on-campus research (obtained from government research- contract documents by SACC for the DOD: Department of Materials Science - "hardening of integrated circuits to withstand nuclear attack”; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences - "target identification using infrared radar"; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science -"optical signal processing for' missile guidance"; Department of Civil Engineering - "arctic military facilities"; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics -- "application of composite materials for Army helicopter blades'; Plasma Fusion Center'-^ 'SDIs' space-based radar."

March 1989: ‘Teach-in focuses on research and activism’ from: The Tech March 7, 1989. Page 2: http://tech.mit.edu/V109/PDF/V109-N9.pdf Michael Albert '69, Undergraduate Association President- in 1969, addressed four mindsets of many MIT students: "gee whiz," "I know best," "f--- them," and "people are s--- anyway." People with these mindsets, he said, consented to work on morally objectionable projects…. The "gee-whiz" mindset, he went on, fit 'the engineer who felt that any problem with technical challenge was, worth working on regardless of its moral consequences…….. The last mindset, "people are s--- anyway," is the most dangerous, Albert warned. This mindset holds that people are basically greedy and evil, and that there is no hope for a better world. Therefore all positive activism is a waste of energy. Albert guessed that all four mindsets were still prevalent on the MIT campus today….. H’su criticised the development of poisonous mycotoxins at MIT under the guise of medicinal research. H’su urged students to ‘not let the technology mask the motivation behind why people want us to study here….We need to keep our eyes open, ask questions, and think for ourselves.’

June 1992: MIT Alien Abduction Conference, Held at MIT Cambridge MA https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/931879.Alien_Discussions The Abduction Study Conference, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 6/13-17/92, is the best scientific conference ever convened on abductions. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-09-10-9509100035-story.html “Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind, Alien Abduction, UFOs, and the Conference at M.I.T.” https://drmsh.com/michaelsheiser/MIT%20abduction%20tables%20MUFON.pdf Tables presented at the 1992 MIT Abduction Conference, comparing the experiences reported by alien abductees and ritual abuse survivors.

September 1992: MIT Aid Process Violates Antitrust Law, Judge Finds https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/09/03/mit-aid-process-violates-antitrust-law- judge-finds/f11a2386-e577-4d70-a06f-4213866d6203/ Massachusetts Institute of Technology violated federal antitrust law by conspiring with Ivy League universities to fix prices paid by students to attend those institutions, a federal judge ruled here today.

May 1994: “The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford” Paperback – 27 May 1994. Book Review. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Emd1EOrL0MYJ:web.mit.edu/esd.83/ The setting….. is the Cold War. The story is “big science” and high technology. The actors are the brightest research scientific and engineering minds from MIT and Stanford, the military, and industry. And the drama is the race between two powers for technological and scientific supremacy.

1998: MIT/DRAPER Technology Development Partnership Project https://archive.org/details/mitdrapertechnol109458681 Design, assembly, and test of the launch and flight support and deployment system for a gun launched reconnaissance vehicle

April 2001: The Environmental Protection Agency sued MIT for violating the Clean Water Act https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency sued MIT for violating the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act with regard to its hazardous waste storage and disposal procedures.[130] MIT settled the suit by paying a $155,000 fine and launching three environmental projects

September 2001: 9/11 - MIT academic ‘was almost certainly the first person killed in the attacks’ https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/09/tech/innovation/danny-lewin-9-11-akamai/index.html "He was really exceptionally smart. MIT has a lot of really smart people, and Danny stood out even among that rarified environment," says Leighton, who was then one of Lewin's professors at the Massachusetts school's computer science laboratory. "He liked working on the hardest problems, as opposed to the easier ones, because they would make more of a difference." More on Danny Lewin here: http://letsrollforums.com//israeli-special-forces-daniel-t21308.html

June 2002: MIT panel urges off-campus sites for classified research | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology "We recommend that no classified research should be carried out on campus; that no student, graduate or undergraduate, should be required to have a security clearance to perform thesis research; and that no thesis research should be carried out in [intellectual] areas requiring access to classified materials."

March 2003: Wall Street lists alleged donors to Al Qaeda, includes Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel (of MIT Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab) https://globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu/cases/jameel-v-dow-jones/ Dow Jones is the publisher of the Wall Street Journal and the Wall Street Journal On-line. On March 18, 2003 an article was posted in the online version of the Journal which discussed the “Golden Chain”, a list of 20 Saudi nationals who had allegedly financed Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda. The article contained an hyperlink leading to the list of the alleged donors. The list contained the name of the Respondent, Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel who wrote to Dow Jones on April 15 requesting the removal of the article. Dow Jones rejected the request and Mr. Jameel issued a Claim Form on July 18. He was granted permission to serve out of jurisdiction after which Dow Jones was duly served in New York on November 23, 2003.

May 2003: Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies https://isn.mit.edu/about/mission-history-and-challenges The ISN is an Army-supported University-Affiliated Research Center (UARC), and a product of the Army’s vision to explore the potential power of nanotechnology to enable unprecedented advances in Soldier protection and survivability. The ISN was designed to collaborate on basic and early applied research with Army and industry partners, and enable both to transition promising results. On March 12, 2002, the Army announced that it had selected MIT’s proposal from a host of submissions by some of the nation’s best colleges and universities, and the ISN was officially founded two days later on March 14, 2002. The official opening ceremony of the ISN dedicated facility was held on May 22, 2003.

October 2005: "MIT Faces Charges of Fraud, Cover-up on Missile Test Study". http://archive.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2005/10/23/going_postol/ the highest administrators at MIT, who Postol says have conspired to cover up "fraud" in the testing of missile defense in order to maintain a lucrative relationship with the country's defense establishment

April 2007: Marilee Jones, dean of admissions, resigns, as she fabricated her educational credentials: https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/4/26/mit-admissions-dean-resigns-after-fake/ Jones, who had led the admissions office since 1998, falsely claimed degrees at three schools in upstate New York, an MIT spokeswoman said. In reality, Jones briefly attended just one of the schools, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), and never enrolled at the other two.

June 2007: MIT and HAARP 212374799-MIT.pdf “Investigations of the Cascade of Langmuir Wave Turbulence over HAARP Observatory in Gakona, Alaska” This thesis investigates the cascade lines from Langmuir wave turbulence as a result of Parametric Decay Instability (PDI) in the ionosphere. This effect is studied using a high-frequency (HF) heater located at the NSF/DoD High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) Observatory in Gakona, Alaska.

September 2007: MIT condemned and disavowed Star Simpson's actions before she was even released from questioning https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Simpson In September 2007 while a student at MIT, several months after the Boston Mooninite Panic, Simpson created an electronic fashion sweatshirt featuring a colored, glowing name tag.[6][7] While wearing this sweatshirt during a visit to Boston Logan Airport, Simpson was arrested at gunpoint and charged with the possession of a hoax device, a charge that was dropped by prosecutors a year later.[8][9][10] In an echo of MIT's official later treatment of Aaron Swartz, the MIT media office released a statement condemning and disavowing Simpson's actions before she was even released from questioning.[11][12]

June 2009: MIT and HAARP dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/93302/09rr001_full.pdf “Excitation of Forced Ion Acoustic Waves, Large Plasma Sheets, and Magnetic Field Fluctuations over Gakona, Alaska.” We suggest that “Forced ion acoustic waves” detected by MUIR radar on Oct. 29 during 6:20-6:30 UT arise from keV electron precipitation associated with the occurrence of green aurora.

May 2010: MIT and World War II: Ingredients for a Hot Spot of Invention https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.360.3849&rep=rep1&type=pdf As World War II approached, the links between MIT, the federal government, and the military grew stronger. The campus bustled with a growing network of inventive people and new and expanding research laboratories. Three of these—Charles Stark Draper’s instruments lab, the Radiation Laboratory, and Harold Edgerton’s strobe lab—contributed directly to the war effort and illustrate how the work of Compton and Bush turned MIT into a hot spot of invention……. MIT was the largest single recipient of OSRD contracts…… Today, a new hot spot of invention is thriving in Cambridge. A network of bioscience companies and academic institutes has grown up around Draper Lab, continuing the partnerships among industries, universities, and government fostered by Compton and Bush decades ago.

September 2010: MIT graduate Aafia Siddiqui convicted of multiple felonies https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aafia_Siddiqui born 2 March 1972) is a Pakistani neuroscientist with degrees ;عافیہ صدی ق :Aafia Siddiqui (Urdu from MIT and Brandeis University who was convicted of multiple felonies. She is serving an 86-year sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell in Fort Worth, Texas.[9] The silence of Aafia Siddiqui https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/7/16/the-silence-of-aafia-siddiqui The Pakistani prisoner dubbed ‘Lady al-Qaeda’ has not been heard from for a year, raising concerns about her well-being. “Who’s afraid of Aafia Siddiqui?” https://www.bostonmagazine.com/2006/05/15/whos-afraid-of-aafia-siddiqui/

June 2011: Luk Van Parijs, ‘research misconduct’ https://www.nature.com/news/2011/110628/full/474552a.html Luk Van Parijs, an associate professor in MIT's Center for Cancer Research, was placed on leave after a group of colleagues reported the allegations of "research misconduct" to MIT administrators in August 2004. An immunologist who pleaded guilty to grant fraud in court has avoided jail after several prominent scientists wrote letters begging for clemency on his behalf….. Luk Van Parijs was first confronted with evidence of data falsification by members of his laboratory in 2004, when he was an associate professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge. The investigation reports, obtained by Nature under the US Freedom of Information Act, show that Van Parijs was found to be solely responsible for more than 11 incidents of data fabrication in grant applications and papers submitted between 1997 and 2004. Many described efforts to study disease- related genes by shutting down the genes with virus-based techniques, including some that made use of the then-newly discovered mechanism of RNA interference.

January 2013: Death of Aaron Schwartz https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vz06QO3UkQ The Dark Side of MIT and Aaron Schwartz: ‘MIT hung him out to dry’: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n5enOlUmxQ

February 2013: MIT lab retracts Cell synapse tagging paper for falsification or fabrication https://retractionwatch.com/2013/02/15/mit-lab-retracts-cell-synapse-tagging-paper-for-falsification- or-fabrication/ A rising star at MIT has retracted a paper after an investigation found that her former postdoc had “falsified or fabricated figures.”

September 2014: The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation Backs MIT’s Coding Software for five year olds. https://jewishbusinessnews.com/2014/09/16/u-s-financier-accused-in-sex-case-falsely-claimed- donations-to-some-non-profit-organizations/ Online PR News – 16-September-2014 – There’s a growing number of computer apps inviting children to program their own games, or modify them. For the first time however, MIT Media Lab with funding from the Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation, has launched a software game and free iPad app called ScratchJr which facilitates programming for five year olds. The software is a revolutionary approach to teaching young children basic concepts of algorithmic and computing language and has set the benchmark for other educational companies… [NB] More on MIT educating children: ‘Applications in Architectural Design and Education and Practice’ https://www.scribd.com/document/36985851/079-Froebel-Shape-Grammar-at-MIT-Massachusetts- Institute-of-Technology Interestingly, the earliest applications of shape grammars were in an area and for a purpose quickly dropped and not taken up again for a number of years. (p.3)

December 2014: Dr Walter Lewin’s online lectures removed as he engaged in online sexual harassment https://news.mit.edu/2014/lewin-courses-removed-1208 MIT is indefinitely removing retired physics faculty member Walter Lewin’s online lectures from MIT OpenCourseWare and online MITx courses from edX, the online learning platform co-founded by MIT, following a determination that Dr. Lewin engaged in online sexual harassment in violation of MIT policies. https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=2091 More importantly, I wish to register that I disagree in the strongest possible terms with MIT’s decision to remove Prof. Lewin’s lectures from OpenCourseWare—thereby forcing the tens of thousands of students around the world who were watching these legendary lectures to hunt for ripped copies on BitTorrent. (Imagine that: physics lectures as prized contraband!) By all means, punish Prof. Lewin as harshly as he deserves, but—as students have been pleading on Reddit, in the MIT Tech comments section, and elsewhere—don’t also punish the countless students of both sexes who continue to benefit from his work. (For godsakes, I’d regard taking down the lectures as a tough call if Prof. Lewin had gone on a murder spree.) Doing this sends the wrong message about MIT’s values, and is a gift to those who like to compare modern American college campuses to the Soviet Union.

July 2015: MIT, NASA, SETI, TESS and ‘Breakthrough Initiatives’: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life The Breakthrough Initiatives: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives The Breakthrough Initiatives were announced to the public on 20 July 2015, at London's Royal Society by physicist Stephen Hawking. Russian tycoon Yuri Milner created the Initiatives to search for intelligent extraterrestrial life in the Universe and consider a plan for possibly transmitting messages out into space.[8][9] The announcement included an open letter co-signed by multiple scientists, including Hawking, expressing support for an intensified search for alien radio communications. During the public launch, Hawking said: "In an infinite Universe, there must be other life. There is no bigger question. It is time to commit to finding the answer."[10][11] The US$100 million cash infusion is projected to mark up the pace of SETI research over the early 2000s rate, and will nearly double the rate NASA was spending on SETI research annually in approximately 1973–1993.[9] Breakthrough Listen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen Breakthrough Listen is a project to search for intelligent extraterrestrial communications in the Universe. With $100 million in funding and thousands of hours of dedicated telescope time on state-of-the-art facilities, it is the most comprehensive search for alien communications to date. The project began in January 2016, and is expected to continue for 10 years. It is a component of Yuri Milner's Breakthrough Initiatives program. The science program for Breakthrough Listen is based at Berkeley SETI Research Center, located in the Astronomy Department at the University of California, Berkeley.…… Andrew Siemion, director of the Berkeley SETI Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley, describes that "We would typically get 24–36 hours on a telescope per year, but now we'll have thousands of hours per year on the best instruments...It's difficult to overstate how big this is. It's a revolution."

TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) is an MIT-led NASA mission: https://tess.mit.edu NASA’s TESS ‘is finding hundreds of exo-planets and is poised to find thousands more’: https://theconversation.com/nasas-tess-spacecraft-is-finding-hundreds-of-exoplanets-and-is-poised-to- find-thousands-more-122104

January 2017: Department of Defense Announces Successful Micro-Drone Demonstration https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/1044811/department-of-defense- announces-successful-micro-drone-demonstration/ Originally designed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology engineering students, the Perdix drone was modified for military use by the scientists and engineers of MIT Lincoln Laboratory starting in 2013. “Due to the complex nature of combat, Perdix are not pre-programmed synchronized individuals, they are a collective organism, sharing one distributed brain for decision-making and adapting to each other like swarms in nature,” said SCO Director William Roper. “Because every Perdix communicates and collaborates with every other Perdix, the swarm has no leader and can gracefully adapt to drones entering or exiting the team.”

March 2017: MIT refutes Richard Lindzen, retired MIT professor, on climate change: https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06032017/climate-change-denial-scientists-richard-lindzen-mit- donald-trump Richard Lindzen, an outspoken climate contrarian and retired Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor, sent a letter last month to President Donald Trump urging him to pull the United States out of the United Nations' climate change regime because global climate action is "not scientifically justified." After MIT's climate researchers and faculty found out, they wrote their own open letter to the president, setting the record straight. "As [Lindzen's] colleagues at MIT in the Program in Atmospheres, Oceans and Climate, all of whom are actively involved in understanding climate, we write to make it clear that this is not a view shared by us, or by the overwhelming majority of other scientists who have devoted their professional lives to careful study of climate science," said the March 2 letter, signed by 22 current and retired MIT professors.

Spring 2017: Alternatives for FEMA Disaster-Related Housing Assistance https://humanitarian.mit.edu/project/alternatives-for-fema-disaster-related-housing-assistance/ In the spring of 2017, Acting Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Administrator Robert Fenton acted on a recommendation from a national Housing Summit, initiating a partnership with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to undertake an in-depth analysis of FEMA’s Housing Assistance system. MIT’s Center for Transportation and Logistics was among a consortium of research laboratories assembled to address the complexity of the housing problem by identifying novel solutions for survivor-centric and cost-effective post-disaster housing.

September 2017: Interview with Jeffrey Epstein (reported in www.sciencemag.org September 2019) https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/09/what-kind-researcher-did-sex-offender-jeffrey-epstein- fund-he-told-science-he-died Jeffrey Epstein, who funded the MIT Media Lab, stated: “I would say 25% of the kids there are autistic……They don’t have lots to do, they’re there to think” [NB: March 2003] https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/mit-nerds As dozens of Nobel Prize winners can attest, students at this university aren't exactly normal [NB: February 2001] https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/06/science/what-geeks-at-mit-not-with-this- class.html What, Geeks at M.I.T.? Not With This Class

March 2018: MIT scientists provide evidence false news spreads more rapidly on twitter than verified news: https://www.geekwire.com/2018/scientists-verify-fake-news-outruns-truth-twitter-call-fix/ A study published in the journal Science provides hard evidence that fake news — or, to use the researchers’ preferred term, false news — spreads via Twitter significantly more rapidly than verified news. What’s more, MIT scientists found that humans, not bots, are mostly to blame….. So what is to be done? In a policy perspective, other researchers call for a large-scale campaign against fake news, including educational efforts and revisions in social-media algorithms.

June 2018: Charles Clark Draper Laboratory Inc: “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending June 2018 https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/42505372/201941269349301479/full

June 2018: MIT and the Royal Society of Chemistry sign publishing agreement. https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2018/06/15/mit-trials-first-us-%E2%80%98read-and- publish%E2%80%99-agreement The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Libraries system has signed a publishing agreement with the Royal Society of Chemistry, thought to be the first of its kind in North America :

August 2018: Hundreds of Researchers From Harvard, Yale and Stanford Were Published in Fake Academic Journals https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/3ky45y/hundreds-of-researchers-from-harvard-yale-and-stanford- were-published-in-fake-academic-journals How the World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology became a multimillion dollar organization promoting bullshit science through fake conferences and journals. Sumner attended the WASET conference to get feedback on his research, but after attending it became obvious that the conference was a scam. After digging into WASET's background, Sumner partnered with Eckert and her colleague Till Krause, who adopted fictitious academic personas and began submitting papers to WASET’s journal. The first paper to get accepted was titled “Highly-Available, Collaborative, Trainable Communication-a policy neutral approach,” which claims to be about a type of cryptoanalysis based on “unified scalable theory.” The paper was accepted by the WASET journal with minimal notes and praise for the authors’ contribution to this field of research. There was just one problem: The paper was pure nonsense that had been written by a joke software program designed by some MIT students to algorithmically generate computer science papers. It was, in a word, total bullshit.

October 2018: MIT Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Schwarzman_College_of_Computing MIT's creation of the Schwarzman College of Computing led to several negative responses. A group of MIT students, faculty, and alumni issued a strong criticism against the university's decision to accept money from Schwarzman, deeming it to be unethical. In an opinion piece in The Tech, they condemned Schwarzman's relationship as an advisor to US President Donald Trump, his ties to Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and his firm's opposition to an affordable housing bill in California.[4] Schwarzman's firm Blackstone responded that "advancing artificial intelligence responsibly is one of the most pressing challenges of our times and it should transcend politics".[4]

February 2019: Celebrating war criminals at MIT’s ‘ethical’ College of Computing https://thetech.com/2019/02/14/celebrating-war-criminals On Feb. 26–28, MIT will celebrate the opening of the Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing, named after the CEO of the Blackstone Group (the largest private equity firm in the U.S.). Schwarzman, who has a net personal worth of over $12 billion, invested $350 million in the initiative. MIT claims “ethics” are integral to the college’s mission. MIT President Rafael Reif declared that, “As computing reshapes our world, MIT intends to help make sure it does so for the good of all.” Schwarzman said that “attention to ethics matters enormously” to him and that “we will never realize the full potential of these advancements unless they are guided by a shared understanding of their moral implications for society.” However, the MIT administration’s conduct has been anything but “ethical.” First, there is MIT’s willingness to accept Schwarzman’s money, for which it has already been criticized. Concerns about Schwarzman are far ranging, from being an advisor to Donald Trump to heading the Blackstone Group that spent millions opposing an affordable housing ballot measure in California. Last spring, Schwarzman hosted the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) — a war criminal in charge of a repressive monarchy — after Blackstone received a $20 billion investment from his government. All the while, millions of Yemenis are suffering from starvation and disease as a consequence of the U.S.-backed, Saudi-led coalition’s assaults. MBS also has an extensive record of human rights violations at home, jailing and silencing activists (including women fighting for the right to drive). His government also persecuted Saudis across the globe who speak out against his policies (or who simply attempt to seek asylum elsewhere).

February 2019: Fifty years after MIT’s memorable protest, a key question remains: Should scientists ask for change or should they demand it? https://blogs.sciencemag.org/books/2019/02/28/march-4/ Before there was the March for Science, there was March 4. On that date 50 years ago, at more than 30 campuses across the United States, students and faculty debated scientists’ responsibility in the Vietnam War. Some held teach-ins; some staged protests; others simply walked out of their labs for the day in quiet acts of refusal. Others pointedly stayed at their desks. In honor of the anniversary, MIT Press has rereleased an edition of the speeches delivered at the most famous of the teach-ins, those hosted by MIT. The volume, titled simply March 4, is timely and thought provoking, both for what it says and what it doesn’t.

August 2019: DARPA at MIT: A new way to deliver drugs with pinpoint targeting https://news.mit.edu/topic/advanced-research-projects-agency-darpa Now, researchers at MIT and elsewhere have developed a system to deliver medical treatments that can be released at precise times, minimally-invasively, and that ultimately could also deliver those drugs to specifically targeted areas such as a specific group of neurons in the brain.

September 2019: MIT President Leo Rafael Reif admits signing a letter thanking Jeffrey Epstein https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2019/09/12/mit-president-epstein-letter MIT president says he signed letter thanking Jeffrey Epstein for donation in 2012 "Although I do not recall it, it does bear my signature."

September 2019: MIT Media Lab Director Joi Ito resigns after taking money from Epstein. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joi_Ito Following the exposure of his personal and professional financial ties to sex offender and financier Jeffrey Epstein, Ito resigned from his roles at MIT, Harvard, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Knight Foundation, PureTech Health, and The New York Times Company on September 7, 2019

September 2019: Joi Ito and digital currency: https://qz.com/1704325/revisiting-mits-digital-currency-initiative-after-joi-ito-epstein/ Ito established the Digital Currency Initiative (DCI) at MIT, helping bitcoin survive some of its darkest days in 2015….Ito’s departure from MIT raises questions about DCI’s past funding and its future direction. Given the Media Lab’s ties to Epstein, it’s fair to wonder whether the convicted sex offender— who was apparently intrigued by bitcoin—ever directed money to or within DCI. MIT’s Digital Currency Initiative didn’t immediately reply to a request for comment.

September 2019: MIT Media Lab Open Agricultural Initiative under scrutiny for alleged misleading claims https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/new-woes-for-mit-media-lab-66485 In August, the MIT Media Lab came under fire for its financial ties to the convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Now, the lab is under scrutiny for allegedly promoting its Open Agricultural Initiative with misleading claims and for dumping wastewater containing 20 times the legal limit of nitrogen near Middleton, a suburb of Boston

September 2019: MIT lab’s ambitious claims to revolutionize agriculture ‘mostly smoke and mirrors’ https://www.businessinsider.com.au/mit-media-lab-personal-food-computers-dont-work-fake-staff-say- 2019-9?r=US&IR=T The Epstein-funded MIT lab has an ambitious project that purports to revolutionise agriculture. Insiders say it's mostly smoke and mirrors.

September 2019: Richard Stallman resigns for defending sex with children. https://futurism.com/the-byte/mit-researcher-stallman-defended-sex-children-resigns Richard Stallman — the famous computer scientist who defended the idea of having sex with children and suggested that one of Jeffrey Epstein’s victims was “entirely willing” — has resigned from his position at MIT. Stallman announced his resignation on his website on Monday. Startlingly, he used the post to double down on his previous assertion that the backlash against him was “a series of misunderstandings and mischaracterizations.” Richard Stallman: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman

September 2019: The Moral Rot of the MIT Media Lab The MIT Media Lab’s moral rot. (slate.com) Like its parent university, the famed research center became far too comfortable selling its prestige. Even to Jeffrey Epstein.

October 2019: Seth Lloyd should not be teaching at MIT: https://thetech.com/2019/10/23/seth-lloyd-should-not-teach he used his power as a professor to confine us in that classroom while he monologued for half an hour about his experiences with Jeffrey Epstein

2019: Jeffrey Epstein’s Scientists, many with MIT: Pandemic’s Pseudoscience Born Through The Hands Of Jeffrey Epstein Epstein, Martin Nowak, Eric Lander, MIT And A Very Sinister Genome Project Tied To The Covid Test Epstein, MIT, A.I, The Covid-19 App And Lots And Lots Of Cash Think Epstein, Think Ark, And See The Blackmail Network For The Fake Pandemic Wall’s, Unilever, Epstein, Ark And The Blackmailing For Covid Support Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation, Trilateral Commission And The CFR How Deep Is The Epstein Relationship With Absolute Return For Kids (ARK)? Jeffrey Epstein’s Little Black Book

January 2020: Seth Lloyd on paid administrative leave for failing to report donations from Jeffrey Epstein: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/01/13/mit-puts-professor-leave-over-new-revelations- about-his-ties-jeffrey-epstein The Massachusetts Institute of Technology said Friday that Seth Lloyd, Nam Pyo Suh Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Physics, is on paid leave for deliberately failing to report donations from the late sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Lloyd also was found to have received $60,000 from Epstein in 2005 or 2006, which he acknowledged he deposited into a personal bank account without notifying MIT.

January 2020: Calls For MIT President Rafael Reif To Resign Intensify Following Report On Epstein Money https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2020/01/22/calls-for-mit-president-to-resign-intensify- following-report-on-epstein-money It’s been more than five months since Jeffrey Epstein died in a New York jail cell where he was awaiting trial on sex trafficking charges. But several major institutions are still grappling today with their ties to him……Among them is MIT, where calls for president Rafael Reif to step down have intensified following the release of an independent report about how much officials under Reif knew of Epstein’s wrongdoings as they accepted donations from him.

January 2020: ‘Report concerning Jeffrey Epstein’s interactions with Massachusetts Institute of Technology’. https://www.scribd.com/document/488866163/673-MIT-Report-Concerning-Jeffrey-Epstein-s- Interactions-with-the-Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology “In the summer of 2019, the public learned through press reports that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”) has accepted donations from Jeffrey Epstein—the convicted sex offender who was accused of serial crimes against minors.”

April 2020: Draper Laboratory’s CEO is replaced, reason is unclear Draper Laboratory’s CEO is replaced; reason is unclear (msn.com)

June 2020: Draper Laboratory classified course Microsoft Word - 2020-3 Surface Ship (mit.edu) SURFACE SHIP COMBAT SYSTEM DESIGN AND INTEGRATION JUNE 22 – 26, 2020 This course is classified SECRET/NORFORN. It is open to active‐duty U.S. military, U.S. government employees, and U.S. civilian contractor personnel with U.S. government sponsorship. It is NOT open to foreign nationals This course is CLASSIFIED. The classroom will be a managed as a CLOSED AREA at all times during the period of instruction. If your clearance cannot be sent via JPAS, a Visit Authorization Letter (VAL) will need to be faxed to The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.

September 2020: “Why Louis Videgaray must leave MIT”: https://thetech.com/2020/09/09/videgaray-must-leave-letter-en One year ago, MIT was embroiled in the horrifying scandal involving child sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein. This led to the departure of MIT Media Lab director Joi Ito. Today, another scandal-ridden faculty member holding a leadership position at the Institute is bringing turmoil to MIT: Mexican politician Luis Videgaray Caso. The scandals include corruption, abuse of power, criminal association, electoral crimes, money laundering, and conflicts of interest. MIT praised Videgaray’s political career when it hired him. However, he has been the subject of multiple journalistic investigations and lawsuits involving him and the government ministries he has led in corrupt schemes.

September 2020: ‘Heritable Human Genome Editing’, Report Summary. Panel includes Eric Lander, affiliated with Jeffrey Epstein https://www.nap.edu/resource/25665/Heritable%20Human%20Genome%20Editing%20Report%20Sum mary%20-%20FINAL%2020200903.pdf Rapidly advancing technical capabilities in genome editing, and the reported use of heritable human genome editing (HHGE) in 2018 leading to the birth of children whose DNA had been edited, led to renewed global calls for consideration of the scientific, societal, and governance issues associated with this technology.

October 2020: ‘Heritable Human Genome Editing’, authors include George Church, affiliated with Jeffrey Epstein https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2020.29106.man In September 2020, a detailed report on Heritable Human Genome Editing was published. The report offers a translational pathway for the limited approval of germline editing under limited circumstances and assuming various criteria have been met. In this perspective, some three dozen experts from the fields of genome editing, medicine, bioethics, law, and related fields offer their candid reactions to the National Academies/Royal Society report, highlighting areas of support, omissions, disagreements, and priorities moving forward.

2020-2021 MIT Bulletin, ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps): 150 reached rank of general or admiral http://catalog.mit.edu/mit/undergraduate-education/career/rotc/ Military training has existed at MIT ever since the Institute opened its doors in 1865. More than 12,000 officers have been commissioned from MIT, of whom more than 150 have reached the rank of general or admiral. Students who are United States citizens or who have applied for citizenship, are of good moral character, and are medically qualified for military service, may enroll in the programs for leadership training. Non-citizens who fulfill naturalization requirements for citizenship prior to graduation may enroll and participate in the Army or Naval ROTC two-year non-scholarship programs. Any full-time MIT student may participate in the Army or Naval ROTC programs for leadership training.

MIT, the pandemic and Covid-19

January 2020: MIT’s Josha Bach sounds the coronavirus alarm: https://www.flickr.com/photos/50295603@N02/50200774281 A list of 26 scientists who promote the covid-19 pandemic theory, 11 are with MIT: https://thebridgelifeinthemix.info/australia/pandemic-pseudo-science-born-hands-jeffrey-epstein/

February 2020: MIT with digital bank BBVA https://www.bbva.com/en/bbva-teams-up-with-mit-to-improve-card-fraud-detection/ BBVA collaborated with a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to develop a model that can reduce the level of false positives in fraudulent card transactions

April 2020: MIT develops covid-19 contact tracing app: https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/09/mit-develops-privacy-preserving-covid-19-contact-tracing- inspired-by-apples-find-my-feature/ MIT researchers have devised a new method to would provide automated contact tracing that taps into the Bluetooth signals sent out by everyone’s mobile devices More here: https://thebridgelifeinthemix.info/british-politics/epstein-mit-a-i-covid-19-app-lots-lots- cash/

April 2020: MIT: How to restart the economy with a post-pandemic workforce: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-F6MeYWvXJ0

June 2020: MIT, FEMA and Covid https://news.mit.edu/2020/mit-humanitiarian-supply-chain-lab-informs-fema-covid-19-supply-chain- risks-0618 Near real-time, peer-reviewed hypothesis verification informs FEMA on Covid-19 supply chain risks The MIT Humanitarian Supply Chain Lab implements a rapid assessment process to inform policy.

July 2020: MIT empowers kids to address Covid-19 through coding: Empowering kids to address Covid-19 through coding | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology Akshaj Singhal, a 11-year-old from India, was selected as the June Inventor of the Month in the Young Inventors category, which includes children 12 years old and younger, for his app called Covid-19 Warrior. The app offers a host of features aimed at spreading awareness of Covid-19, including a game and quiz to test a user’s knowledge of the virus, as well as local daily Covid-19 news updates and information on how to make your own mask.

August 2020: MIT’s Nicholas Negroponte and Covid-19: https://chiefexecutive.net/mits-nicholas-negroponte-on-tech-schools-and-the-covid-crisis/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/50295603@N02/50254289146 “One Laptop Per Child seems to have, in some ways, been built for this moment…… Laptops afford the best opportunity to create and manipulate.” More here: A Short Case Study of the Impacts of the OLPC Project around the World: Case_Study_One_Laptop_per_Child_(OLPC)_Project_Coomar_Ryzhov.pdf (uzh.ch)

August 2020: MIT specifies social distance, ‘the 6-foot rule is not great enough’: https://www.flickr.com/photos/50295603@N02/50279946968

August 2020: Fed Partners with MIT Based Digital Currency Initiative to Explore Central Bank Digital Currency https://www.forbes.com/sites/vipinbharathan/2020/08/30/fed-partners-with-mit-based-digital- currency-initiative-to-explore-central-bank-digital-currency/?sh=4bc5e0f03fa1

September 2020: MIT models the impact of testing, tracing, and quarantine: https://news.mit.edu/2020/modeling-impact-of-testing-contact-tracing-quarantine-0908 Modeling the impact of testing, tracing, and quarantine A new model suggests a plan to keep Covid-19 within the capacity of the health-care system while reopening economic activities.

October 2020: Task Force for Global Health and MIT develop and test a health campaign against COVID-19 https://taskforce.org/mit-media-lab-and-the-task-force-pilot-covid-19-campaign-in-atlanta/ The Task Force for Global Health and the Lab for Social Machines (LSM) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Media Lab are collaborating to develop and test a health campaign against COVID-19 in Atlanta, GA, where The Task Force is based. The Task Force and LSM are also working closely with Susan Blumenthal, MD, Director of the Health Innovations Lab at New America; Cortico, a non-profit affiliated with the MIT Media Lab whose work fosters constructive public conversations; and the Institute for Local Innovations, Inc. (Atlanta office), which helps community development organizations build economically and socially healthier communities. The MIT Media Lab is one of the world’s leading research and academic organizations where designers, engineers, artists, and scientists strive to create technologies and experiences that enable people to understand and transform their lives, communities, and environments. Researchers from across the Media Lab have tapped into their creativity and expertise to find ways to help during the COVID-19 pandemic.

December 2020: MISTI shifts to fully remote global internships and cultural experiences amid pandemic MISTI (MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives) fully remote internships: https://news.mit.edu/2020/misti-shifts-fully-remote-global-internships-cultural-experiences-amid- pandemic-1211

December 2020: MIT machine learning models find gaps in coverage by Moderna, Pfizer, other Warp Speed COVID-19 vaccines https://www.zdnet.com/article/mit-machine-learning-models-find-gaps-in-coverage-by-moderna-pfizer-other warp-speed-covid-19-vaccines/ Vaccine makers need to take into account genetic diversity explicitly in clinical trials or risk missing coverage for some individuals, says MIT scientists.

December 2020: MIT reinstates professor who accepted Epstein donations https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/mit-reinstates-professor-who-accepted-epstein- donations Seth Lloyd faces years of restrictions on pay and student involvement https://muckrack.com/david-matthews The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has agreed to reinstate a mechanical engineering professor who accepted donations from convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, while imposing limits on his involvement with students. The professor, Seth Lloyd, who was placed on paid leave in January, also faces upon his return five years of reduced salary and professional limitations, and a requirement for training in professional conduct.

MIT gets a mention in the 2018 film ‘Venom’: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Edor_wnjJrU

MIT’s Courses: https://www.scribd.com/document/488810598/671-MIT-Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology- Schools-and-College

MIT’s affiliates and funders: https://www.flickr.com/photos/50295603@N02/50744967028/

MIT’s Global Reach: https://www.scribd.com/document/488808258/670-MIT-Global-List-of-Countries

List of 26 scientists funded by or affiliated with Jeffrey Epstein, who promote the false pandemic; many are with MIT. This list will be expanding: https://thebridgelifeinthemix.info/australia/pandemic-pseudo-science- born-hands-jeffrey-epstein/