MIT Facts 2018

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307 617.253.1000 web.mit.edu January 2018

This publication was prepared by MIT Reference Publications. Send comments and queries to [email protected].

An online version of MIT Facts, with links to additional information about the topics covered here, is available at web.mit.edu/facts.

Cover design by Wing-Ip Ngan, ink design, inc.

Center spread: Campus map by MIT Department of Facilities and Wing-Ip Ngan, with ship by Marius Ursache. Contents 4 MIT at a Glance 6 Mission 6 Leadership 9 Faculty and Staff 15 Schools and Departments 16 Degrees Offered 16 Admission 19 Enrollments 2017–2018 22 Tuition and Financial Aid 26 Academics 35 Campus Life 45 MIT and the Community 47 Sustainability 50 Research 56 Lincoln Laboratory 57 MIT and Industry 59 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 62 Alumni 67 Building MIT’s Resources 68 Financial Data 71 Accreditation

Campus Map (center spread) 4 / m i t a t a g l a n c e MIT ataGlance faculty 12,607, including Employees 26 acres (0.11km 18 student residences oncampus 50+ publicly sited works ofart 20+ gardens andgreen spaces 166 acres km (0.67 Campus April 10,1861 Massachusetts on Commonwealth of Incorporated by the History 48 29 58 89 (Current andFormer MIT Members) Community Selected Honors MacArthur FellowsMacArthur National MedalofTechnology and National MedalofScience winners Nobel Laureates Innovation winners 2 ) ofplaying fields 2) inCambridge,Massachusetts Student-faculty ratio: 3:1 Other teaching staff: 867 Professors (allranks): 1,047 Faculty “Mind andHand” Mens et manus— Motto Class of2021 Admission Freshman Room andboard: Tuition andfees: Costs, 2017–2018 Undergraduate Admits: 1,438(7%) Applicants: 20,247 Average need-basedMIT scholarship: $42,081 Students awarded need-basedMIT scholarship: 57% Students attending tuition-free: 35% 2016–2017 Undergraduate FinancialAid ~$14,720 $48,892 Exchange, visiting,specialstudents: 603 Graduate students: 2,868 Undergraduate students: 470 International Students, 2017–2018 Pirate certificate: 1 Minor programs: 58 Major programs: 53 Majors andMinors Undergraduate Graduate students: 6,919 Undergraduates: 4,547 Total: 11,466 Students, 2017–2018 Minorities: 1,262(18%) Women: 2,391(35%) Minorities: 2,130(47%) Women: 2,092(46%)

5 / m i t a t a g l a n c e 6 / m i s s i o n and effectively for thebetterment ofhumankind. nity theabilityandpassion to work wisely, creatively, seek to develop ineachmemberoftheMIT commu- stimulation ofadiverse campus community. We ment ofdiscovery andintellectual withthesupport combines rigorous academic study andtheexcite- to providing its students withaneducation that the world’s great challenges. MIT isdedicated with others to bringthisknowledge to bearon nating, andpreserving knowledge, andto working The Institute iscommitted to generating, dissemi- and theworld inthe21st century. areas ofscholarship thatwillbest serve thenation educate students inscience, technology, andother The mission ofMIT isto advance knowledge and Mission tion. Teaching and research—with relevance to Today MIT isaworld-class educational institu- development oftheteaching laboratory. world problems. Toward this end,hepioneered the and research andby focusing attention onreal- competence isbest fostered by coupling teaching and practicable. Hebelieved thatprofessional ized America. Rogers stressed thepragmatic institution relevant to anincreasingly industrial - to establish anew kindofindependenteducational Barton Rogers, adistinguished natural scientist, the culminationofanextended effort by William shortly thereafter in1871.MIT’s openingmarked charter, andadmitted its first woman student four years after theapproval ofits founding The Institute admitted its first students in1865, Origins Leadership 1966 1971 1980 1990 20 2012 Presidents oftheInstitute tional, andprivately endowed. purpose.MITits primary isindependent,coeduca- the better asguidingprinciples—continue to be the practical world andtransforming societyfor 1862 1870 1879 1881 1897 1900 1909 1921 1923 1930 1948 1959 04

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

1971 1980 1990 1870 1920 1922 1930 1948 1878 1881 1897 1900 1907 1958

2004 1966 2012

Henry Smith PritchettHenry James RhyneKillian,Jr. L. Rafael Reif William Barton Rogers Richard Cockburn Maclaurin Ernest Fox Nichols Samuel Wesley Stratton Karl Taylor Compton Julius Adams Stratton Howard Wesley Johnson Jerome Wiesner Bert Paul Edward Gray Charles Marstiller Vest Susan Hockfield John DanielRunkle William Barton Rogers Francis AmasaWalker James MasonCrafts

7 / l e a d e r s h i p 8 / l e a d e r s h i p ration are MIT alumni. Approximately 72% ofthemembers oftheCorpo- ration alsoincludessome36emeritusmembers. the Commonwealth ofMassachusetts. TheCorpo- Alumni Association, andthree representatives of treasurer, secretary oftheCorporation, CEOofthe chairman, president, executive vice president and and otherprofessions, and(ex officio)theMIT in engineering,science, industry, education, Corporation, includes70distinguished leaders The Institute’s board oftrustees, known asthe standing committees. conducts muchof its business through elected tional policy. Thefaculty meets monthly and The MIT faculty determines theInstitute’s educa- boundaries. whose work cuts across traditional departmental centers,disciplinary laboratories, andprograms numerous degree-granting programs andinter organized withinfive schoolsthatencompass under theleadership ofaheadordirector—are MIT’s academic departments andinstitutes—each executive vice president. Institute community andequityofficer, anddeputy libraries, CEOoftheMIT Alumni Association, advancement, associate provosts, director of dents, vice chancellor, chancellor for academic secretary oftheCorporation, deans,vice presi - president andtreasurer, seniorvice president and include theprovost, chancellor, executive vice dent. Senioracademic andadministrative officers The Institute’s chiefexecutive officer isthepresi- Administrative Organization - Faculty andStaff 239 Total Clinical/Medical staff Service staff staffSupport Administrative staff Research staff Other academic staff Faculty Faculty andStaff, asofOctober 2017 Minority group representation amongfaculty includes Women faculty Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Faculty (professors ofallranks) 12,607 American Indianor Alaska Native, 1,047 . Hispanic, andAsian Faculty andstaff (undergraduates only) Student:faculty ratio 3:1 Black, 12,607 1,647 2,807 1,653 4,493 1,047

136 824

9 / f a c u l t y a n d s t a f f 1 0 / f a c u l t y a n d s t a f f graduate students andengagesinresearch. The MIT faculty instructs undergraduate and Distribution ofFaculty by School 378 Engineering School of 36% Total faculty Professors ofthepractice andadjunct Instructors (includingtechnical instructors) emeriti Senior lecturers, lecturers, andprofessors Assistant professors Associate professors Professors Teaching Staff 11 Other 1% 278 School of Science 27% 85 and Planning School of Architecture 8% 112 Management Sloan School of 11%

183 Sciences Arts, and Social Humanities, School of 17% 1,914 147 685 166 219 662 35

25% women) from 96countries. MIT hosted 2,379international scholars (75%men, track faculty. Duringacademic year 2016–2017, research associates andscientists, andtenure- fellows andassociates, lecturers, instructors, artists, andscholars, aswell aspostdoctoral sionals includesvisitingscientists, professors, other purposes.Thisdiverse group ofprofes- States for teaching, research, collaboration, and from around theworld whocome to theUnited non-US citizens, non-USpermanentresidents) Many MIT staff are international scholars (i.e., Oceania Africa the Caribbean Mexico, LatinAmerica, and AmericaNorth Middle East Europe Asia International Scholars, by Region 42.5% 35% 2.5% 1% 5% 6% 8%

1 1 / f a c u l t y a n d s t a f f 1 2 / f a c u l t y a n d s t a f f and Susumu Tonegawa, medicine/physiology (1987), Change, 2007),SamuelC.Ting,physics (1976), nized underIntergovernmental Panel onClimate peace (co-chair ofIPCC Working Group Onerecog- medicine/physiology (1993),SusanSolomon, R. Schrock, chemistry (2005), Phillip A.Sharp, Robert C.Merton, economicsRichard (1997), (2002), (2016), Faculty members BengtHolmström, economics and staff listed. lighted below, withwinners currently onfaculty community members over theyears are high- most notable honors andawards won by MIT accolades too numerous to list. Several ofthe Members oftheMIT community have received Awards andHonors Robert A.Weinberg (1997). Susan Solomon (1999),JoAnneStubbe(2008),and Stephen J.Lippard (2004),PhillipA.Sharp (2004), Robert S.Langer(2006),SusanLindquist (2010), Ann M.Graybiel (2001),Rudolf Jaenisch(2011), Faculty members SallieW. Chisholm(2012), Frank Wilczek, physics (2004). Wolfgang Ketterle, physics (2001), H. Robert, medicine/physiology Horvitz National MedalsofScience Nobel Prizes 58 89 Esther Duflo (2010),andAmyFinkelstein (2012). Faculty members Daron K.Acemoglu (2005), Faculty memberRobert S.Langer(2012). (2008), Nergis Mavalvala (2010),JohnA.Ochsendorf Eric Lander(1987), Heather N.Lechtman(1984), (2006), Díaz (2012),Esther Duflo (2009),LindaG.Griffith J. Collins (2003),ErikD.DemaineJunot M. Belcher (2004),TimBerners-Lee (1998), James Faculty members Regina Barzilay (2017),Angela Robert S.Langer(2008). Faculty members TimBerners-Lee (2004)and Blum (1992)andB.D.Colen (1984). Harbison (1987),andstaff members Deborah Faculty members JunotDíaz(2008)andJohnH. National MedalsofTechnology andInnovation John H.Harbison (1989),DinaKatabi (2013), David C. Page (1986),Daniela L. Rus (2002), Millennium Technology Prizes John Bates Clark Medals MacArthur FellowsMacArthur Pulitzer Prizes 48 18 29 2 5

1 3 / f a c u l t y a n d s t a f f 1 4 / f a c u l t y a n d s t a f f

Stallman (1990),andGeorge Zweig (1981). Liskov, Jerome I.Friedman, Chomsky, Professors emeritiare EmilioBizzi, Daniel I.C.Wang, andSheilaWidnall.Institute Rivest, Robert S.Langer, W. Chisholm, at MIT. Thecurrent Institute Professors are Sallie honor awarded by thefaculty and administration The title ofInstitute Professor isthehighest members Williams (2015),JackWisdom(1994),andstaff Soljačič (2008),Frank Wilczek (1982),HeidiL. Sara Seager(2013),Peter W. Shor (1999),Marin 190 230 Moses, Guggenheim Fellows National Academy of Sciences Members National Academy ofMedicineMembers Phillip A.Sharp, John D.C.Little, Isadore M.Singer,andRobert M.Solow. Amy B.Smith(2004),Richard M. John M.Deutch, Ann M.Graybiel, Institute Professors Thomas L.Magnanti, Morris Halle, 10 52 Marcus A.Thompson, Mario J.Molina, Engineering Members National Academy of Peter A.Diamond, Fulbright Scholars John H.Harbison, 210 33 Barbara H. Noam Ronald Joel School ofEngineering School ofArchitecture andPlanning Schools andDepartments MIT Sloan SchoolofManagement Sciences andSocial School ofHumanities,Arts, Nuclear Science andEngineering (Course 22) Mechanical Engineering (Course 2) Materials Science andEngineering(Course 3) Institute for Medical EngineeringandScience Institute for Data, Systems, andSociety(IDS) Electrical EngineeringandComputer Science Civil andEnvironmental Engineering(Course 1) Chemical Engineering(Course 10) Biological Engineering(Course 20) Aeronautics andAstronautics (Course 16) Urban StudiesandPlanning(Course 11) Media Arts andSciences (MAS) Architecture (Course 4) Management (Course 15) Science, Technology, andSociety(STS) Political Science (Course 17) Music andTheater Arts (Course 21M) Literature (Course 21L) Linguistics andPhilosophy (Course 24) Humanities (Course 21) History (Course 21H) Global StudiesandLanguages(Course 21G) Economics (Course 14) Comparative MediaStudies/Writing Anthropology (Course 21A) (Course 6) (CMS/Course 21W)

1 5 / s c h o o l s a n d departments 1 6 / d e g r e e s o f f e r e d Degrees Offered School ofScience • • • • • • the Institute, including: well asastrong match between theapplicant and based onoutstanding academic achievement as given to thosewithalumni relations. Selection is regional quotas are applied;neitherispreference within its uniquecontext. Noschool, state, or student centered: eachapplication isevaluated The selection process atMIT isholistic and Admission Doctor of Science (ScD) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Engineer (eachdegree designates thefield in Master of Science (SM) Master ofFinance (MFin) Master of Engineering (MEng) Master inCityPlanning(MCP) Master ofBusiness Analytics (MBAn) Master of Business Administration (MBA) Master of Architecture (MArch) Master ofAppliedScience (MASc) Bachelor of Science (SB) Physics (Course 8) Mathematics (Course 18) Atmospheric,Earth, Sciences andPlanetary Chemistry (Course 5) Brain andCognitive Sciences (Course 9) Biology (Course 7) Balancing hard work withdowntime Intensity, curiosity, andexcitement Hands-on creativity Initiative andrisktaking Collaborative andcooperative spirit Alignment withMIT’s mission which itisawarded) (Course 12) Statistics Selected 2017Undergraduate Admissions 46% Applications for freshman admission represented 1,438 US states 20,247 Female 49 11% Among thefirst generation in their family to attend college Offers ofadmission Freshmen enrolled 1,098 18% International citizens from 61countries Attended public high schools 68% (7%)

1 7 / a d m i s s i o n 1 8 / a d m i s s i o n Selected 2017 Graduate Admissions Statistics Admissions Selected 2017Graduate wish to register. sional promise by inwhichthey thedepartment evaluated for previous performance andprofes - Applicants for graduate degree programs are Graduate Admission For more information, visitmitadmissions.org. 3,383 27,634 Applications for graduate study 2,208 advanced degree programs Students registered in Offers ofadmission (65%) (12%)

Enrollments 2017–2018 For more information, visit web.mit.edu/registrar. and 129 foreign countries. states, theDistrict ofColumbia, four territories, In 2017–2018, MIT students come from all50 2,391 2,092 Women (35%) Women (46%) 11,466 Graduate students (60%) Undergraduates (40%) 6,919 4,547 Students 1,262 2,130 groups (18%) groups (47%) US minority US minority

1 9 / enrollments 2 0 / enrollments Total Science Management Science Management Social Sciences Humanities, Arts, and Engineering Sciences Arts, andSocial Humanities, Engineering Architecture andPlanning students Special undergraduate Undeclared second-year* First-year* Undergraduate Enrollment, by School Program. through theHarvard-MIT Health Sciences andTechnology *Includes 184students working onHarvard degrees only Planning Architecture and Graduate Enrollment, by Degree Level andSchool decision onacourse ofstudy untiltheendofthatyear. until thestart oftheirsophomore year, andmay defer *MIT students donotenroll inanacademic department Master’s 2,838 1,325 1,021 455 10 27 Majors 1,099 2,455 737 58 Doctoral 86 74 30 2,105* 8 3,942 1,155 176 303 203 2nd Majors Special 92 15 40 59 3 139 129 2 7 0 1 International Students campus. 603 exchange, visiting,andspecialstudents on the current academic year. Additionally, there are (10%) and2,868graduate students (41%)—for in degree programs atMIT—470 undergraduates There are 3,338international students enrolled Total Islander or otherPacific Native Hawaiian Hispanic AmericanAsian Alaska Native American Indianor African American Minority Group Representation amongStudents *Percentages are rounded. Oceania Africa Middle East AmericaNorth Latin America andthe Caribbean Europe Asia International Students, by Region* Undergraduate 2,130 1,196 645 283 0 6 Graduate 1,262 21% 52% 378 776 101 1% 3% 7% 7% 8% 0 7

2 1 / enrollments 2 2 / t u i t i o n a n d f i n a n c i a l a i d Expenses Undergraduate Tuition andLiving Tuition andFinancialAid will allow themto attend MIT tuitionfree. ensures thatscholarship funding from all sources with afamily income under$ with MIT beingthelargest source. For students $143.3 millioninfinancialaidfrom allsources, In 2016–2017, 90%ofundergraduates received on thecalculated financialneedofthe family. to meetthefullprice ofanMIT education, based financial circumstances. MIT provides financialaid sible to allqualifiedcandidates regardless oftheir program ensures thatanMIT education isacces- The Institute’s undergraduate financialaid Undergraduate FinancialAid Room andboard, dependingonthestudent’s $ 49,892 ~$14,720 2017–2018 tuitionandfees (9months) housing anddiningarrangements Books andpersonal expenses ~$ 2,818 80,000, theInstitute loan/term-time job. may usethisfinancialaidto replace thestudent scholarships andgrants from sources outside MIT met withanMIT scholarship. Students receiving loan/term-time job.Theremaining need,ifany, is of financialneedismetwithanoffer ofastudent Scholarship Service (CSS) Profile. Thefirst $ Federal Student Aid(FAFSA) andtheCollege tion parents provide on theFree Application for that price, whichisdetermined usinginforma- to attend MIT andthefamily’s abilityto finance Financial needisthedifference between theprice who worked Average term-time earningsfor those who borrowed Average student loan debtfor those loan debt Class of2017graduates withnostudent Students attending tuitionfree MIT scholarship Students awarded aneed-based Average need-basedfinancialaidaward Average need-basedMIT scholarship 2016–2017 Selected Undergraduate FinancialAidStatistics, $ 19,819 $ 49,317 $ 42,081 $ 3,496 3,400 71% 35% 57%

2 3 / t u i t i o n a n d f i n a n c i a l a i d 2 4 / t u i t i o n a n d f i n a n c i a l a i d academic year, increasing thecost oftuition. the Institute for acalendar year rather thanan expenses thanundergraduates. Most attend Graduate students generally incurgreater Graduate Tuition andLivingExpenses family housing. for single students andfrom $1,403 to $2,075for on-campus housingrange from $ arrangements. For example, monthly charges for status, quality-of-life expectations, andhousing and incidentals widely vary dependingonmarital costs for housing,food, books, medical insurance, area. Graduate students’the Boston/Cambridge of its graduate students; therest findhousingin MIT’s residential system can accommodate 38% $ 49,892 2017–2018 tuitionandfees (9months) (specific programs anddepartments may have different tuitionamounts) 2017 summertuitionfor students $16,510 enrolled incourses 700 to $1,926 nation ofmeritandneed. others are granted for financialneedoracombi- Most forms are ofsupport granted for merit,while teaching andresearch assistantships, andloans. includesfellowships,cial support traineeships, the amountofaidvaries significantly. Finan- providedpart by individualdepartments, and Financial aidfor graduate students isinlarge Graduate FinancialAid Doctoral total Science Management Sciences Arts, andSocial Humanities, Engineering and Planning Architecture 2016–2017 Doctoral by StudentSupport, Type andSchool, assistantship RA=research assistantship, FE=fellowship, TA=teaching RA 53% 48% 42% 26% 60% 52% FE 26% 34% 39% 35% 20% 17% TA 12% 15% 16% 19% 19% 8% Other or none 19% 11% 11% 9% 2% 4%

2 5 / t u i t i o n a n d f i n a n c i a l a i d 2 6 / a c a d e m i c s graduates are encouraged to addaninternational ofacomplete part As MIT experience, under environment. their own agendawithinacreative andflexible thatencouragesterm inJanuary students to set Independent Activities Period, aspecialfour-week Another uniquefeature ofanMIT education isthe than 2,000employers. companies, andaccess to internships withmore events, exclusive panel discussions withmajor field trips,one-on-onecounseling, networking skills, coaching, experiential workshops, company (UPOP), whichprovides themwithreal-world Undergraduate Practice Program Opportunities Students may alsochooseto participate inthe team orto initiate theirown research project. students to theopportunity joinafaculty-led research academic institutions around theglobe. UROP offers pioneered atMIT in1969andnow emulated in graduate Research Program Opportunities (UROP), One avenue for student engagementistheUnder approach. rigorous academics witha“learning-by-doing” an MIT undergraduate education combines pants inadynamiccommunity oflearners. Thus, students are self-motivated- andengagedpartici MIT believes thebest education occurs when Undergraduate Education purpose. the fusionofacademic knowledge withpractical and motto, menset manus,mindandhand—is MIT’s strength—as represented by its officialseal Academics - - Corps, andAirForce. programs inthe United States Army, Navy/Marine Engineering Leadership Program andROTC includetheBernardopportunities M.Gordon–MIT universities schools.Leadership andart training of cross-registration atseveral Boston-area MIT undergraduates can alsotake advantage tional Development Initiative. Science andTechnology Initiatives ortheInterna- or internships arranged through MIT International communities overseas, orventure outonfieldwork research abroad, assist withbuilding sustainable abroad programs. They may alsodecideto conduct choose from Institute-wide ordepartmental study- dimension to theireducation. Students may • • • • • • Selected Undergraduate Facts international experience while atMIT. Class of2017 reported inan participating Nearly 50%ofgraduating seniors in the by thetimethey graduate. participate inUROP, with91%havingdone so Each year nearly 60%ofMIT undergraduates Program, orTerrascope. Group, Media Arts andSciences Freshman Concourse Program, Experimental Study alternative learning community suchasthe environment can chooseto participate inan Freshmen seekingamore collaborative no record basis. The first semester atMIT isgraded onapass the humanitiesandarts. physical, natural, andsocialsciences, andin that allstudents are broadly educated inthe MIT’s General Institute Requirements ensure minor programs. MIT offers 53undergraduate majorand58 /

2 7 / a c a d e m i c s 2 8 / a c a d e m i c s Finance Electrical Science and Electrical Engineeringand Economics AtmosphericEarth, and Computer Science, Computer Science and Computer Science and Comparative MediaStudies Civil andEnvironmental Chemistry andBiology Chemistry Chemical-Biological Chemical Engineering Business Analytics Brain andCognitive Biology Biological Engineering Diaspora andAsian Asian Architecture Studies Architecture Archaeology andMaterials Anthropology Ancient andMedieval American Studies* Aerospace Engineering Majors *Major-departure, **Joint majoror2nd degree Engineering Computer Science SciencesPlanetary Science Economics, andData Molecular Biology Engineering Engineering Engineering Sciences Studies* Studies* Humanities and History German French Latin American and Humanities andScience** Materials Science and Management Literature Linguistics andPhilosophy Mathematics with Mathematics Mathematical Economics Mechanical andOcean Mechanical Engineering Nuclear Science and Music Russian andEurasian Political Science Planning Physics Philosophy Science, Technology and Women’s andGender Theater Arts Spanish Writing Engineering** Latino/a Studies* Engineering Computer Science Engineering Engineering Studies* Society** Studies* tunities are available atBrandeis andTufts. options for graduate students. Other study oppor and Engineeringalsopresent interdisciplinary Program inOceanography/Applied Ocean Science Technology Program andtheMIT-WHOI Joint students. TheHarvard-MIT Health Sciences and in Women’s Studiesare available for graduate Wellesley, andwiththeGraduate Consortium Cross-registration atHarvard, opportunities available to adviseonresearch. ship resources, aswell asthe numberoffaculty assistantship, teaching assistantship, andfellow- many asthey can basedontheirresearch support program ofinterest, anddepartments admitas to theacademic ordegree-granting department students admitted to MIT. Applicants apply directly There isnocap onthenumberofgraduate the spectrumofgraduate education attheInstitute. management; andurbanstudies have broadened science, technology, andsociety; supply chain management; mediastudies; political science; architecture; neuroscience; economics; linguistics; humanities. Top-ranked graduate programs in ematics, architecture, management,andthe prominence for its doctoral programs inmath- graduate education, MIT hasalso attained national Traditionally aleader inengineeringandscience aries ofknowledge. work together withfaculty to extend thebound- environments for advanced study, where students MIT graduate programs provide collaborative Graduate Education -

2 9 / a c a d e m i c s 3 0 / a c a d e m i c s skills to useit. Equipping scholars withthebest content andthe knowledge inmanyways. to improve access to theworld’s collective Institute andbeyond. TheLibraries work sharing, andsafeguarding knowledge atthe The MIT Libraries are anenginefor creating, MIT Libraries and studied, nomatter how technologies evolve . to ensure these resources can always beaccessed serves asthe“ terabyte ofdigital items, theInstitute Archives learning. Preserving theInstitute’s record of research and academic research libraries. been shared openly, ahigh-water markamong countries. Since 2009,46%offaculty articles have more than8.5milliontimes,in89%ofthe world’s through theLibraries have beendownloaded works by Institute authors madefreely available Sharing MITresearch withtheworld. rescue hackathons to meditation sessions. sponsor manycommunity events, from data tively, andcreating new knowledge. TheLibraries quiet study, using collections, working collabora- tions welcome over 500,000visitors annually for discover, andquestion. TheLibraries’ five loca - Offering aplace to study—and gather, tinker, critically asconsumers andcreators ofinformation. people navigate resources, managedata, orthink specialists led nearly 300 classes last year to help to collections from libraries worldwide. Library of millionsitems, bothphysical anddigital, and With 22milliontangible items andone The Libraries provide access to tens memory” ofMIT.memory” TheLibraries work Scholarly community hasaccess to several enterprise Cloud to aCloud environment. Inaddition,theMIT of MIT’s managedservers have been transitioned Cloud-based infrastructure andservices. Over 85% shuttles, dining,andevents; and more. directory; thecampus map;information about Mobile Appconnects thecommunity to thepeople Mobility. MIT isafully wireless campus. TheMIT Comcast, andVMware. has 10-gigabitdedicated connections to Amazon, CERN Large Hadron Collider. Inaddition,MIT Network, whichin turnprovides access to the Internet2 links theInstitute to theEnergy Sciences 10 otherlocations. MIT’s 100-gigabitconnection to researchers inBoston, New York City, andabout 2,500-mile (4,023-km)optical ringconnecting operates theMIT Regional Optical Network—a wired connectivity. TheInstitute alsoowns and points, and4,000switches thatprovide on-campus miles (11,748km)offiber, 6,100wireless access Cambridge/Boston area ismadeupof7,300 MITnet. MIT’s network infrastructure inthe resources. impressive array ofinformation technologies and The computing environment atMIT supports an onCampus Computing For more information, visitlibraries.mit.edu. scholarly information inadigital age. managing, sharing,preserving, anddiscovering tives aimto develop new modelsfor producing, scholarly communication. Solving bigchallenges ininformation science and Library research initia-

3 1 / a c a d e m i c s 3 2 / a c a d e m i c s For more information, visitist.mit.edu. community. deliver more than10,000self-helparticles to the draws onthecumulative IT expertise atMIT to labs, andcenters. Anextensive Knowledge Base IT consulting to andsupport 55departments, The Distributed teams Support provide dedicated in-person requests, and55,000emailsperyear. approximately 25,000telephone calls, 10,000 ThecentralSupport. IT Service Deskhandles course information, andscheduling. tion system, provides access to personal records, other resources. WebSIS, the student informa- containing course materials, assignments, and ment system, currently houses1,000sites Systems network authentication. Athena, andisnow awidely adopted protocol for developed atMIT to secure network services on throughout campus. Kerberos was originally remote access servers, andpersonal machines computing clusters (labs),private workstations, academic computing environment, whichpowers Athena andKerberos. Athena isMIT’s main Security, andLastPass. applications, includingCrashPlan, Dropbox, Duo . Stellar/LMOD, MIT’s course manage- • and services. MIT OpenLearningoffers anarray of programs were studying abroad. course, helpingto accommodate students who 2017 MIT piloted afull-credit onlineresidential over 95% ofMIT undergraduates. Additionally, in courses usingtheresidential platform, reaching than 90MIT instructors have taught over 120 use ofdigital technologies for MIT students. More ners withMIT instructors to facilitate andadvance education. Oncampus, MIT- OpenLearningpart Rapidly evolving technologies are revolutionizing • • • • • the innovative useofdigital technologies by: and learning atMIT andaround theglobe through MIT OpenLearningworks to transform teaching Open Learning initiatives across campus. the labadvance learning strategies and Digital Learningscientists andfellows within behind muchof MIT’s learning innovation. MIT’s academic departments thatistheengine Digital LearningLabisajointprogram with the world Extending MIT’s knowledge andclassroom to and nongovernment organizations schools, universities, companies, governments, convening withteachers, andpartnering Sharing research andbest practices by in education Providing platforms for technological advances learning interdisciplinary research onteaching and Promoting andenablingquantitative, rigorous, enhance residential education experiments indigital teaching andlearning to MITSupporting faculty andstudents inbold

3 3 / a c a d e m i c s 3 4 / a c a d e m i c s For more information, visitopenlearning.mit.edu. • • • • • • • high-impact transformation ineducation. community ofcollaborators for sustainable, Community Jameel,andwillconvene aglobal (J-WEL) was launchedinMay 2017 by MIT and Abdul LatifJameelWorld Education Lab education. to ourunderstanding further oflearning and rigorous, interdisciplinary research program MIT Integrated LearningInitiative (MITili)isa month in2016–2017. logged anaverage of2.3millionvisitors per than 100fullvideocourses. MIT’s OCW site more than2,400MIT courses, includingmore publicly accessible web-based materials from OpenCourseWare (OCW) offers free, open, MIT-trained mentors. around theworld to learn from MIT faculty and venture inaweek. Innovators come from participants to develop asustainable new leadership programs thatchallenge MIT Bootcamps are intense new ventures courses andprograms. toopportunities aglobal audience viaonline MIT xPro provides professional development universities. master’s degree program atMIT andothertop and can apply for anaccelerated, on-campus, and exams earnaMicroMasters credential, pass asetofMITx graduate-level courses credential for onlinelearners. Learners who MicroMasters isaprofessional andacademic earned over 160,000course certificates. million uniquelearners from over 200countries the world. ofsummer2017,more As than 2.7 courses (MOOCs) thatextend MIT’s learning to MITx courses onedXare massive openonline

18 166 The Campus Campus Life test labs, and,soon,a 200,000-square-foot rooms, andmakerspaces to windtunnels,robot These facilities range from wet labs,clean ongoing research efforts inmultiple disciplines. state-of-the-art facilities MIT’s thatsupport Pei ’40, andEero Saarinen.Inside,you willfind as Alvar Aalto, Frank Gehry, Steven Holl,I.M. buildings designedby leading architects such Among thetimeless landmarks oncampus are modernist, brutalist, anddeconstructivist. a range ofstyles, from neoclassical through The architecture oncampus now showcases departments. communication amongMIT’s schoolsand (Class of1889),thatfacilitate interaction and ings, designedby architect W. Welles Bosworth campus isagroup ofinterconnecting build- side oftheCharles River. ofthe Theheart more thanamile (1.6km)along theCambridge Cambridge, where thecampus now extends In 1916,MIT relocated from Boston to

Acres (0.67km Residence halls on campus 2 ) Publicly sited green spaces Gardens and 50+ 20+ works ofart

3 5 / c a m p u s l i f e 3 6 / c a m p u s l i f e (18,581 m most innovative square mile ontheplanet. research expertise hasmadethisarea the where theclose association ofindustry and neighborhoods, includingKendall Square— its edges,itmerges withvarious Cambridge spaces, bicycle shares, andfree shuttles. At in manyways, offering gardens andgreen campus encourages sustainable practices ality andcommunity. Urbanandwalkable, the halls, eachwithits own distinctive person- For students, thecampus has18residence imaging center. 2 ) nanotechnology andadvanced Otis Street

Charles Street

Spring Street Thorndike Street

A few of the most visited locations on campus Bent Street are highlighted below: Hurley Street NE83 Fulkerson Street Harvard Square & Central Square NE125A Rogers Street W16 Kresge Auditorium N57 W20 Student Center N52 MIT Museum State Street Le Meridien N50 Sixth Street Cambridge Binney Street Third Street 7 Information Center Hotel 700 TS 10 Lobby 10 and Great Dome NE48 The Charles NW61 N51 Stark Draper Sidney Street K Killian Court 600 TS 400 TS Laboratory, Inc. NW98 Pacific Street 88 Sidney 35 NE46 Landsdowne N52 500 TS Fifth Street N North Court Street Portland Street 65 Landsdowne Street Windsor Street NE49 Street Mass. Ave. 32 Stata Center NE47 Technology Landsdowne Street Square 76 Koch Building Main Street 300 TS Broadway 4040 NE45 Charles Street E14 Media Lab 80 Landsdowne Landsdowne Cross Street NW86 Landsdowne 200 TS Street80 Landsdowne (garage) StreetStreet 100 TS Street (garage) E15 List Visual Arts Center Residence Inn 70 Pacific by Marriott Street Lot Galileo Way E51 Wong Auditorium, Tang Center NW22 NW16 Bent Street NW23 NW17 Albany Street Binney Street 5th Street E62 Sloan School N16A N4 Whitehead 46 Institute Kendall T Station NW10 N16B NE30 N10 N9 N16C 48 Broad NW12 Rogers Street NW13 N16 Institute whereis.mit.edu NW35 Albany Street 44 « Linsky Way 42 P Potter Street m.mit.edu NW15 NW14 42 43 EE20 NW32 NW21 41 76 32D 32G First Street NW30 36 Athenaeum Street EE19 Vassar Street 38 NW20 32 W41 35 39 34 Main Street 37 Marriott W45 Hotel Vassar Street N MIT Kendall Street W56 E19 Kendall Coop W57 31 Compton Hotel W59 W31 33 17 24 26 Court Kendall W64 W33 57 68 Square W79 W55 W36 W32 Ames Street E18 Dock Street NE18 9 Second Street Third Street Vassar Street W34 W20 13 MIT nano E17 E38 E70 Edwin H. Land Boulevard 7 10 (Under Construction) Commercial Avenue Henry G. Steinbrenner W35 16 56 E25 W89 66 E39 1 Broadway Stadium 7A 11 E15 East 7 E48 W97 7 7 3 4 8 Briggs Field M Campus 54 Vassar Street Jack Barry W16 a Eastman 18 P P E94 s 6C E23 AstroTurf Field s Court W92 West Campus a E14 c K 62 64 Carleton Street Memorial Drive h 5 6 E55 W15 u 3 4 McDermott W98 s

W53 e Court W53A P Hayward Street W11 t 6B W85 t E40

du Pont Tennis Courts s Killian Hall Wadsworth Street P

Amesbury Street Hyatt Amherst Street A Amherst Street Audrey Street v 14N

Regency e

Amherst Alley n P E53 E62 W91 u 14W 14E E2 e du Pont Lowell E90 1 2 E51 W84 W51D W51C W1 Court Court 14S 50 Saxon W5 Tennis W70 W51 W7 W4 E52 W71 W2 Courts E1 E60 Fowler Street

W61 Danforth Street

Memorial Drive Boston To Memorial Drive Endicott Street Longfellow Bridge Memorial Drive Memorial Drive Downtown Boston 51 Charles River Memorial Drive W8 Charles River Walter C. Wood Sailing Pavilion tional residence hall. FSILG community asanalternative to atradi- mately 1,000ofthemchoseto live inan independent livinggroup (FSILG); approxi- were affiliated withafraternity, sorority, or In 2017–2018,approximately 2,000students undergraduates livingoncampus is3,370. pendent livinggroup. Thecurrent numberof year ormove to afraternity, sorority, orinde- remain oncampus following theirfreshman faculty member. Students may elect to live-in headofhousewhoisusually asenior halls. Eachon-campus hasa dormitory must live inoneoftheInstitute’s residence Boston.) All unmarriedfirst-year students undergraduate housinginaproperty in and livinggroups. (TheInstitute alsooffers of 37MIT-affiliated fraternities, sororities, one ofMIT’s 10Institute houses,orinone Most undergraduates live oncampus in Undergraduates Housing resident tutors. live in undergraduate dormsasgraduate families. Approximately 90graduate students graduate andundergraduate students with complexesapartment accommodate over 400 live inMIT’s sixcampus houses.Two campus More than2,000single graduate students Students Graduate

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world’s finest collection ofholograms, robots science andtechnology. Highlights includethe that explore thefoundations andfrontiers of tors eachyear to programs andexhibitions The MIT Museumdraws nearly 150,000visi- culture thatpermeates campus life. are alsostrong contributors to the vibrant arts nition oftheirwork inthearts. MIT students Fellowship, Fellowship, andMacArthur inrecog- Pulitzer Prize, Grammy Award, Guggenheim MIT faculty have received awards, includingthe are alsooffered inseveral ofthesefields. Many several ofthesefields. Undergraduate minors music; theaterand art; arts; andwritingin history, theory, andcriticismofarchitecture and technology; comparative mediastudies; programs inarchitectural culture, design;art, The Institute offers highly regarded degree risk taking, andimaginative problem solving. The arts atMIT are rooted inexperimentation, 60+ The Arts Incoming freshmen visual arts, writing, and dance groups Music, theater, 70% with training in thearts > courses eachyear Undergraduates enrolled inarts and galleries 50% on campus Museums 12 of exploration, knowledge, anddiscovery. thrive asinterrelated, mutually informing modes a culture where thearts, science, andtechnology with engineers andscientists. Thecenter fosters MIT andbeyond to exchange ideasandcollaborate facilitates andcreates for opportunities artists at The MIT Center for Science Art, &Technology from thecollection to hangintheirlivingspaces. students to annually borrow originalworks ofart Programthe StudentLoanArt thatallows MIT the MIT Percent-for-Art Program, andoversees works for theMIT Public Collection Art through MIT’s campus. TheList Center commissions new photographs, anddrawings located throughout sculptures andhundreds ofpaintings,prints, artworks thatincludesover 50publicly sited MIT’s permanent collection ofmore than3,500 the general public.Italsomaintains andaddsto education programs for theMIT community and annually inconjunction withabroad range of MIT. TheList presents sixto eightexhibitions exhibit, collect, andcommission visualarts for porary museumatMIT. art Its core mission isto The MIT List VisualArts Center isthecontem- 50,000 people. of programs over serving and activitiescitywide Cambridge Science Festival, featuring 10days the world. Themuseumalsoproduces theannual among thetop architectural drawing collections in Design Collection, housedatthemuseum,ranks photographers. TheInstitute’s Architecture and raphy features changingexhibitions of renowned MIT research, andtheKurtz Gallery for Photog- gives visitors direct access to someofthelatest sculptures. TheMarkEpstein Innovation Gallery and robotic devices, Ganson’s andArthur kinetic

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33 Athletics andRecreation Eliasson (2014). architect DavidAdjaye (2016),andartist Olafur include singerandactress Audra McDonald (2018), the United States. Recent recipients oftheaward and isoneofthemost generous cultural honors in celebrates innovative talents inallarts disciplines The EugeneMcDermott Award intheArts atMIT skiing, andsnowboarding. packing, top-rope climbing, kayaking, downhill additional specialty courses includescuba,back golf, sailing,broomball, andice-skating, while the swim requirement. Seasonalofferings include through physical education courses andcomplete (GIRs), eachstudent must earneightpoints oftheGeneral part As Institute Requirements instruction atalllevels. andparticipation offersation Department for opportunities sports MIT’s Athletics, Physical Education, andRecre- from theMIT community with4,000participants 18 15 women’s, 2coed) Intramural sports, Varsity sports (16 men’s, Different classes to GIRs satisfy >25 Club teams, participants with 800+ 33 - With 10buildings and26acres (0.11km • • • • at theInstitute are elaborate butbenignpractical of humor, asexpressed through “hacking.” Hacks ousness ofpurpose but alsofor its unique sense MIT culture distinguishes itself notonly for its seri- Hacking MIT Traditions Center attheedgeof Kendall Square. and Wang Fitness Center, located intheStata east sideofcampus isserved by theAlumni Pool and field facilities atSteinbrenner Stadium. The Field (baseball),andthegrandstands andtrack renovation ofBriggsField (softball),Fran O’Brien the Zesiger Center. Thesummerof2016sawfull Field, lighted sports-turf venues, are adjacent to and amulti-activity court. Roberts Field andBarry fitness center, international-scale squashcourts, side ofcampus features two swimming pools,a Zesiger Sports andFitness Center onthewest sive athletic complexes inNew England.The playing fields, MIT boasts oneofthemost expan- recreational programs. for thosewhowishto engageinother of aquaticclasses, skillinstruction andsport classes, personal andgroup training, avariety MIT provides group exercise andwellness program inthe nation. America citations, themost for anyDivisionIII The Institute hasearned271Academic All- championships. participates inregional andnational New Englandcolleges, butalsoroutinely MIT competes mainly against DivisionIII team duringtheirtimeatMIT. Approximately 20%ofundergraduates joina 2 ) of

4 1 / c a m p u s l i f e 4 2 / c a m p u s l i f e Apollo LunarModule. cruiser, theWrightFlyer, anMIT fire truck,andthe Hilltop Steakhouse plastic cow, aCampusPolice Dome, whichover theyears hasbeengraced by a they don’tbelong, most notably onMIT’s Great (the Baker HousePianoDrop) orappearingwhere rather large objects falling from building rooftops Fleming Cannon.Other famous hacks involve cross-country theftofCaltech’sor inthe2006 middle ofaHarvard-Yale football gamein1982, weather balloon withMIT written allover itinthe in theastonishing emergence ofalarge black humorous digsatrival institutions, for example be appreciated for theirtechnical prowess and Although notofficially sanctioned,hacks can its quirky unitofmeasure today. measure inGoogle Thebridgestill Earth. displays andisincludedasaunitof Heritage Dictionary “smoot” hasbeenincorporated into theAmerican pledge Oliver Smoothasachieved suchfame that Bridge was measured inincrements offraternity of execution. prank inwhichtheHarvard A 1958 amaze for theircreativity, cleverness, anddifficulty around Cambridge,oreven farther afield—that jokes, perpetrated anonymously—on campus, Recreation. Inadditionto receiving atangible ofAthletics,Department Physical Education, and a Pirate Certificate, officially awarded by the pistol (orrifle), andsailing—are eligible to receive four physical education courses—archery, fencing, become certified pirates. Students who complete its swashbuckling students to theopportunity in theusualfields ofstudy, theInstitute alsooffers Not content to just produce exceptional graduates Certificate Pirate students share. asareminderserving ofthebondthatallMIT instantly identifiesMIT alumnito oneanother, distinctive Brass Rat isrecognized worldwide and A concrete symbol ofanMIT education, the the beaver mascot—resembling arat. color—similar to brass—and theprominence of ring’s nickname, “the Brass Rat,” derives from its individual graduating class. Madeofgold, the porates uniquedesignelements related to each seal anddomeontheshank,ringalsoincor Cambridge skylines onthesides,andMIT nocturnal, American animal),theBoston and Ring.” Featuring abeaver ontop (anindustrious, formally known asthe“Standard Technology student committee convened to designwhatis of MIT’s class ringdates backto whena 1929 ously revealed duringthespringterm. Thehistory to designtheirclass ring,whichisceremoni - a committee ofsophomores gathers eachyear In arituallong enjoyed by MIT undergraduates, Rat Brass limited to “entertainment purposesonly.” lubbers, theirpirating activitiesnevertheless are oath. Although they are nolonger lily-livered land- minted pirates are rumored to swear asecret document printed onfaux parchment, newly off astheculmination oftheafternoon. Partici- collaborative chainreaction, whichisthenset homemade contraptions to form oneenormous, that bringsparticipants together to link their Chain Reaction hasbeenahighly anticipated event For 20years, theFriday After Thanksgiving (F.A.T.) F.A.T. ChainReaction -

4 3 / c a m p u s l i f e 4 4 / c a m p u s l i f e around theworld. competitions atuniversities, companies, andcities 2,000 people every year andhasinspired similar puzzle hunts intheworld. Itattracts more than regarded asoneoftheoldest andmost complex Mystery Huntwas launchedin1981andiswidely subsequent year’s hunt. on campus. Thewinningteam gets to write the to anobject(called a“coin”) hiddensomewhere team to solve alarge numberofpuzzles thatlead January. Thehuntchallenges eachparticipating that takes place ontheMIT campus every year in The MIT Mystery Huntisapuzzle huntcompetition Hunt MIT Mystery giant chainreaction eachyear. family teams. More than1,500people attend this engineers, from MIT clubsto middle schoolsand pants range from GirlScout troops to artists and tradition, andposts itto theMIT Admissions Blog. accompany theannouncements andcelebrate the of Pi.MIT Admissions creates ahumorous videoto a.m. inorder to continue withthenext three digits when admissions decisionswere released at9:26 reflects the fullfirst five digits ofPi(3.1415)— 14, 2015—known as“SuperPiDay” asthedate for therelease timeofearly decisionsonMarch ally as“Tau time”(πx2).Anexception was made released at6:28p.m.,whichisknown colloqui- Frequently, theseadmissions decisionsare annual celebration ofthemathematical constant. admission decisionsonPiDay (March 14),an In trueMIT fashion, theInstitute typically releases Pi Day staff interested in public service, andserves asa tomation, andsupport students, faculty, and Center provides programming, guidance, infor The Institute’s Priscilla KingGray Public Service nonprofits where MIT volunteers are atwork. nity Service Fund, which provides assistance for the MIT community theInstitute’s support Commu- the useofMIT facilities. Inaddition,members of boards and committees, volunteer engagement,and programs, financialresources, representation on address local challenges by providing educational tute actively supports nonprofit organizations that neighbor andserve thelocal community. TheInsti- MIT hasmaintained acommitment to beagood to thecommunity.Service Since its founding, the cityandMIT campus withoutacar. ways, enablingvisitors andstudents to getaround and numerous dedicated bicycle lanesandbike- routes, multiple shuttles, 44bike sharingstations, six subway stations, acommuter rail line, 29bus and bicycle friendly, with82parks andplaygrounds, square miles (16.2km together form alively community withinits 6.26 more than36,000college anduniversity students, The city’s approximately 110,000residents, including contribute to thegrowing innovation community. collaborative endeavors withits neighbors andto the Institute isinanoptimalpositionto engagein the Charles River from Boston’s District, Seaport between Central andKendall Squares, andacross innovation climate. Withacampus nestled noted for its intellectual life, history, andthriving Cambridge, adiverse andvibrant community MIT isanintegral memberofits host cityof MIT andtheCommunity 2 ). Cambridge is pedestrian ). Cambridgeispedestrian -

4 5 / m i t a n d t h e c o m m u n i t y 4 6 / m i t a n d t h e c o m m u n i t y rezone anunderutilized 14-acre (0.06-km In 2017,MIT received CityCouncil approval to catalyzing role. a thrivinginnovation cluster inwhichMIT plays a at theeastern endofMIT’s campus, istheseatof and talent poolthatitgenerates. Kendall Square, innovation economy withtheresearch, start-ups, MIT isamagnetfor investment andfuelsthe mately $55millioninreal estate taxes. million to theCityofCambridgeandpaidapproxi- voluntary PILOT contribution ofapproximately $2 exempt. Infiscal year 2017,theInstitute madea is usedfor academic purposesandislegally tax payment inlieuoftaxes (PILOT) for property that its commercial property andprovides anannual of thecity’s revenue stream. MIT pays taxes on employer andlargest taxpayer, representing 14.5% The Institute isCambridge’s second largest far-reaching impactontheeconomy of theregion. Economic impactandinnovation catalyst. MIT hasa More information isavailable atweb.mit.edu/mitpsc. resource for bothMIT and the community atlarge. For more information, visit ogcr.mit.edu. over timeby sustaining its creative evolution. tions—all ofwhichwillhelpKendall Square thrive fuel academic andcommercial research collabora- which willattract theindustries oftomorrow and dynamic andwelcoming place to live andwork, innovation ecosystem even stronger, creating a redevelopment, MIT’s goalisto make theregion’s a variety ofactive community uses.Inguiding the commercial andlabspace, retail, openspace, and in Kendall Square to accommodate housing, 2 ) parcel research, andstudent life activities. able to thecommunity’s support educational, renovation projects that ensure the buildings are program isengagedincontinuous renewal and Certification. MIT’s proactive Capital Renewal Building (E52)recently earnedLEEDPlatinum Certification, andtheMorris SophieChang To date, eightbuildings have achieved LEED Gold facilities thatmeethighstandards ofsustainability. dedication to building healthy, high-performance (version 4)certification standard, reflecting MIT’s on campus aimto meetthenationalLEEDGold New construction andmajorrenovation projects Institute’s near-term emissions reduction goals. providing aclear pathway toward achieving the highest-priority measures over thenext five years, a roadmap andatimelinefor implementing its MIT’s Greenhouse GasReduction Strategy lays out measures have reduced emissions 7%since 2014. uted 9%ofthereduction in2017,andon-campus MIT’s off-site renewable energy project contrib- 2017, MIT hasreduced its total emissions by 16%. neutrality assoonpossible. From 2014through 2014 levels by 2030andto strive to reach carbon its campus emissions by atleast 32%below released in2015, theInstitute setagoalto reduce In afive-year Planfor Action onClimate Change Cambridge andBoston. and education, withthecitiesof andpartnering itself asatest bedfor sustainability innovation emissions oftheMIT campus, usingthecampus making strides to reduce thegreenhouse gas and strong climate actionatthelocal level, MIT iscommitted to leadership insustainability Sustainability

4 7 / sustainability 4 8 / sustainability Commission. MIT isalsoamemberoftheBoston Green Ribbon a more healthy, livable, andsustainable future. 15 local businesses andorganizations to achieve Cambridge, Harvard University, andmore than Compact for aSustainable Future, MIT works with afoundingAs memberoftheCambridge real-life solutionsto sustainability challenges. students, industry, andthoughtpartners infinding to Reuse to student hackathons, whichengage range from amonthly swapfest called Choose Committee, Staff for Sustainability. Initiatives sustainability, aswell astheWorking Green Undergraduate Association’s committees on such astheGraduate StudentCouncil andthe groups promoting sustainability oncampus, MIT hasavibrant ecosystem ofstudent andstaff • • • FactsSustainability and students. Hubway membership subsidiesfor employees are accessible to campus. MIT alsoprovides on campus, andfour more rental stations MIT sponsors two Hubway bike rental stations and commuter rail. commuting—including subway, bus,bicycling, provides generous subsidiesfor low-carbon Through its Access MIT program, theInstitute walking, andride-sharing to work. as by usingpublic transit, orby bicycling, in ways otherthan drivingalone inacar, such Eighty-six percent ofMIT commutes to campus • • • Visit climateaction.mit.edu to learn more. Initiative, theClimate CoLab, andmanymore. of Sustainability, theEnvironmental Solutions climate change,ranging from theMIT Office and initiatives working every day to address MIT hasmanyoffices, programs, centers, environment andsustainability. coursework, andanundergraduate minorin as alivinglabinto research projects and toopportunities integrate thecampus MIT offers 132courses related to sustainability, solar farm Carolina. inNorth Farms, a650-acre (2.63-km and now purchases electricity from Summit Corporation onaPower Purchase Agreement Center andPost Office Square Redevelopment In 2016,MIT partnered withBoston Medical 2 ), 60-megawatt

4 9 / sustainability 5 0 / r e s e a r c h 1957 1940s 1930s historical achievements follow: them world changing.Examples ofsomeMIT’s an unendingstream ofadvancements, manyof engineering andscientificstudies—and produced years, theInstitute hasmarriedteaching with The soulofMIT isresearch. For more than150 Research 1996 1994 1988 1986 1977 1960s 1960s 1950s

environments how animals form about new memory monitoring technologies to demonstrate Using new geneticandmultiple-cell patient’s condition andprogress time, record biomedical data onthe patient through themand,for the first cises from aphysical therapist, guidea Developing arobot thatcan “learn” exer ocean abundant photosynthetic bacteria inthe Discovering thesmallest known, most Creating thefirst free-standing hologram cryptographic system Inventing thefirst workable publickey penicillin Achieving thefirst chemical synthesis of prosthetic device Developing theworld’s first biomedical for theApollo space program Developing guidance theinertial systems made digital computers possible Building themagneticcore that memory Engineering practical microwave radar Pioneering high-speedphotography - 2011 2 few accomplishments from thisdecade: This stream ofdiscovery continues. Here are just a 2009 2007 2002 20 2014 2013 2012 0 10 15

use inmountain andurbancombat small, highly agile helicopter for military Creating thefirst acrobatic robotic bird—a running low and bedesigned to lightupifmedicineis response to changesinskintemperature channels thatcan release medicine in as tinydrug-delivering reservoirs and LED lights andotherelectronics, aswell can incorporate temperature sensors, sticky, stretchy, gel-like material that Designing thebandageoffuture: a viral hemorrhagicfevers test to rapidly diagnoseEbolaandother Designing anew paperstrip diagnostic pure oxygen that produces noemissionsotherthan Developing anew steelmaking process state called aquantumspinliquid tence ofafundamentally new magnetic Demonstrating experimentally theexis- (18.3 m)away that can seethrough walls upto 60feet Building anew radar technology system matically decipherancientlanguages Designing computer techniques thatauto- silence multiple genesatonce Finding away to useRNAinterference to cure amousemodelofsickle-cell anemia Genetically reprogramming skincells to

5 1 / r e s e a r c h 5 2 / r e s e a r c h on nationalsecurity. funded research anddevelopment center focused chusetts, atMIT Lincoln Laboratory, afederally are found off-campus innearby Lexington, Massa- for societyatlarge. More interdisciplinary teams aries while focusing ontackling great challenges research across andschoolbound- department aninstitution,As MIT encourages interdisciplinary distributed. tion ofanMIT faculty memberandare widely program ofresearch andtraining underthedirec fellowships. Postdoctoral scholars pursue a as teaching assistants; 1,700are supported on as research assistants and715are appointed 2,600 graduate students are primarily supported work withMIT faculty andstudents. Approximately scholars and552visitingfaculty andscientists) researchers (includingsome1,505postdoctoral During theacademic year, approximately 3,735 research asjuniorcolleagues ofInstitute faculty. students achance to collaborate oncutting-edge Research Program, Opportunities whichoffers world ofexploration through theUndergraduate Undergraduates can plungedirectly into this 20 20 17 16

research andglobal publichealth tool withthepotential to transform inexpensive, highly sensitive diagnostic RNA, rather thanDNA,for useasarapid, Adapting aCRISPRprotein thattargets Einstein’s prediction from 100years ago around theworld), confirming Albert (in collaboration withCaltech andothers gravitational waves reaching theEarth Making thefirst direct detection of - *Figures are rounded. 508 Engineering School of 34% by School/Area Distribution ofPostdoctoral Scholars, Total: $719.51 Sponsor (in Millions),*Fiscal Year 2017 Research Expenditures, by Primary $130.37 of Defense Department 18% 18 Management Sloan School of 1% $132.91 Industry 18% $111.83 and Human Services Department of Health 16% $12.53 MIT internal 2% 19 and Social Sciences Humanities, Arts, School of School of 1% 466 School of Science 31%

$17.04 agencies federal All other 2% 51 and Planning School of Architecture 3% $25.69 foreign governments State, local, and 4% 55 other areas Provost and 4% $39.81 NASA 6% $86.75 other nonprofits Foundations and 12% 388 Research Area Vice President for 26% $80.41 Foundation Science National 11% $82.16 of Energy Department 11%

5 3 / r e s e a r c h 5 4 / r e s e a r c h interdisciplinary work. evolves academic organizations thatfoster discipline—and MIT constantly creates and that cannot beresolved withinasingle academic Today’s researchers tackle complex problems Research Centers, Labs,andPrograms Joint Program onthe Science andPolicy of Institute for Work and Employment Research Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies Institute for Medical Engineering andScience Institute for Data, Systems, andSociety Initiative ontheDigital Economy Haystack Observatory Edgerton Center/D-Lab Division ofComparative Medicine Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation Concrete Sustainability Hub Computer Science Intelligence andArtificial Clinical Research Center Center for Transportation andLogistics Center for Real Estate Center for International Studies Center for Information Systems Research Center for Global ChangeScience Center for Environmental Health Sciences Center for Energy andEnvironmental Center for Computational Research inEconomics Center for Computational Engineering Center for Collective Intelligence Center for Bits andAtoms Center for Archaeological Materials Abdul LatifJameelWorld Water andFood Abdul LatifJameelPoverty Action Lab Global Change Laboratory Policy Research and ManagementScience Security Lab Women’s andGender StudiesProgram Sociotechnical Systems Research Center Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Simons Center for theSocialBrain Research Laboratory ofElectronics Plasma Science andFusion Center Picower Institute for LearningandMemory Operations Research Center Nuclear Reactor Laboratory MIT–Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint MIT SeaGrant College Program MIT Program Culture, inArt, andTechnology MIT Portugal Program MIT MediaLab MIT KavliInstitute for Astrophysics andSpace MIT Innovation Initiative MIT Environmental Solutions Initiative MIT Energy Initiative MIT Center for Science, Art, andTechnology Microsystems Technology Laboratories McGovern Institute for Brain Research Materials Research Laboratory Materials Processing Center TrustMartin Center for MIT Entrepreneurship Lincoln Laboratory Leventhal Center for Advanced Urbanism Legatum Center for Development and Laboratory for Nuclear Science Laboratory for Manufacturing andProductivity Laboratory for Information andDecisionSystems Laboratory for FinancialEngineering Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Knight Science JournalismProgram Technology Science andEngineering Program inOceanography/Applied Ocean Research Entrepreneurship

5 5 / r e s e a r c h 5 6 / l i n c o l n l a b o r a t o r y world. with leading institutes andconsortia around the MIT’s research extends outthrough collaborations Research Affiliations–MajorCollaborators MIT employees work atLincoln Laboratory. servicesmilitary andindustry. Approximately 3,535 the laboratory transitions technologies to boththe systems, ofDefense and,asaDepartment FFRDC, a strong emphasisonfield-testing prototype and homelandprotection. Thelaboratory has security, autonomous systems, bioengineering, innovative research anddevelopment are cyber- base inadvanced electronics. Other areas of allsupportedsion support, by abroad research embedded computing), communications, anddeci- information extraction (signalprocessing and rity needs.Its core competencies are insensors, advanced technology to address nationalsecu- and development center (FFRDC)thatdevelops Massachusetts, isafederally fundedresearch MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, located inLexington, Lincoln Laboratory Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Ragon Institute ofMGH,MIT andHarvard Northeast Radio Corporation Observatory Massachusetts Green HighPerformance Howard Hughes Medical Institute Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Broad Institute Computing Center Total: $1,015 Fiscal Year2017** AreaMission (inMillions),* Lincoln Laboratory Program Funding, by and students both inInstitute-wide programs such More than700companies are working withfaculty research institutions. partnerships withindustry andotherleading collaborations have included thousandsoffruitful and institutional boundaries.Theresulting to work together across departments, fields, solving approach thatencourages researchers Since its founding, MIT hasfostered aproblem- MIT andIndustry $198.268 Systems Communication 20% **Lincoln Lab’s fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30. *Figures are rounded. $175.591 Control Space 17% $113.962 Advanced Technology 11% $35.7 Research Aviation 4% $36.054 Portfolio Research Advanced 4%

$111.282 Tactical Systems 11% $62.591 Systems and Technology and Reconnaissance Intelligence, Surveillance, 6% $63.879 Homeland Protection 6% $74.46 Cybersecurity 7% $69.333 Air Defense 7% $74.117 Defense Ballistic Missile 7%

5 7 / m i t a n d i n d u s t r y 5 8 / m i t a n d i n d u s t r y internship component. other degree programs thatoffer anindustry ership, Supply ChainManagementprogram, and Fellows Program inInnovation andGlobal Lead- System DesignandManagementprogram, Sloan as theLeaders for Global Operations program, in its extensive business-oriented curricula, such MIT’s strong corporate connection alsoisreflected total licensing revenue. intellectual property, andreceived $53.6millionin and options,had25companies formed usingMIT had 298USpatents issued, executed 137licenses 84 from Lincoln Laboratory), filed 271USpatents, TLO received 794invention disclosures (including and licensing technology. Infiscal year 2017,the startups by strategically evaluating, protecting, from MIT’s research community to industry and preneurial excellence, andbridgesconnections an inclusive environment ofscientificandentre- MIT’samplify global impact.TheTLO cultivates marketplace for thebenefitofpublicandto innovations anddiscoveries from thelabto the The Technology Licensing Office (TLO) moves colleges withoutamedical school. ment expenditures amongalluniversities and top inindustry-financed research anddevelop- Science Foundation, MIT consistentlyranks atthe MIT research funding.According to theNational $148 millioninfiscal year 2017,or 21%ofall Research sponsored directly by industry totaled Initiative, andinsmaller collaborations. between corporations andMIT)theMIT Energy Office ofCorporate Relations andthemainconduit as theIndustrial LiaisonProgram ofthe (part Entrepreneurship andInnovation designed for working professionals. edge through advanced education programs to renowned MIT expertise, research, andknowl- science, andtechnology professionals agateway MIT Professional Education provides engineering, successful organizations. tools andframeworks they needto create andlead faculty, programs provide participants withthe mid- to senior-level executives. Ledby senior with strategic thinkingandglobal leadership for that combine innovation andentrepreneurship MIT Sloan Executive Education offers programs including: fostering entrepreneurship andinnovation atMIT, There are more than80resources dedicated to Global SkillsAccelerator program. accelerator program, formerly known as theMIT Activities Period, andthesummerMIT delta v not-for-credit bootcamps over theIndependent preneurship courses were offered, aswell as 2016–2017 academic year, more than60entre- sizes learning by doing.Over thecourse of the curriculum andprogramming, whichempha- on practice isinfusedinto theentrepreneurship private universities ofthatera. Thisemphasis classical education thatwas provided by many practical education rather thanto focus onthe colleges, theInstitute was designedto deliver a in its founding. oneof the first As land-grant MIT’s preeminence inentrepreneurship isrooted

5 9 / entrepreneurship a n d i n n o v a t i o n 6 0 / entrepreneurship a n d i n n o v a t i o n • • • • • • • • global relevance andimpact. of innovation science researchers focused on campus andfostering a connected community dynamic innovation infrastructure across entrepreneurship education, building a foropportunities hands-oninnovation and The MIT Innovation Initiative combines where they reside. technology entrepreneurs andthecommunities through its worldwide network ofchapters for Review, produces programs and events The MIT Enterprise Forum, ofTechnology part broader entrepreneurial communities. in residence, andconnections to theMIT and coaching andmentoring from entrepreneurs entrepreneurship curriculum,programming, Entrepreneurship supports students withan TrustThe Martin Center for MIT Student Prize Competition. through theLemelson-MIT NationalCollegiate invention atMIT, amongstudents, inparticular The Lemelson-MIT Program promotes challenges indeveloping economies. creating ventures focused onsolving Entrepreneurship supports MIT students The LegatumCenter for Development and built environment. Planning thataimsto transform citiesandthe endeavors from theSchoolofArchitecture and DesignX isanentrepreneurial accelerator for commercialization. research andsupports faculty intechnology Innovation fundsinnovative faculty The DeshpandeCenter for Technological engineers. communications skillsamongundergraduate Leadership Program promotes leadership and The Bernard M.Gordon–MIT Engineering active asof 2014, employing 4.6million people that 30,000companies founded by MIT alumniwere regional, andglobal levels. A2015report suggested innovation have animpressive impactatlocal, MIT’s educational efforts inentrepreneurship and Medicine. conferences suchasHackingArts andHacking Competition, theMIT Clean Energy Prize, and among themtheMIT $100K Entrepreneurship tives involved inentrepreneurship orinnovation, MIT alsohasawealth ofstudent clubsand initia- • • • • • entrepreneurs withtalented mentors. student, faculty, staff, andalumni The Venture Mentoring Service matches existing companies. in licensing thattechnology to startups andto inventors inprotecting theirtechnology and The Technology Licensing Office assists MIT courses, programs, andmore. faculty funding,graduate fellowships, online architecture, planning,andreal estate through entrepreneurs andacademics inthefields of new generation ofsocially responsible Entrepreneurship Labaimsto create a The SamuelTak LeeMIT Real Estate with active startup engagements. connected startups, andemployees andalumni MIT Industrial LiaisonProgram members, MIT- for theMIT innovation ecosystem composed of The MIT Startup Exchange isaweb community makerspace resources. and mentoring, andaccess to materials and tailored educational advising opportunities, innovators upto $25,000inseedfunding, provides selected teams ofMIT student The MIT Sandbox Innovation Fund Program

6 1 / entrepreneurship a n d i n n o v a t i o n 6 2 / a l u m n i total recruiters. on-campus recruiting andaccounted for 76%of were thetop five industries in participating aerospace (14%),andconsumer products (9%) (17%), financialservices (15%),aviation/ Computer technology companies (21%),consulting and 1,072employers whoposted over 2,595jobs. employers for 2,749interviews held oncampus Career Development (GECD)hosted 144different During 2016–2017,MIT Global Education and MIT Students after Graduation Alumni founded outside theUnited States. Twenty-three percent ofMIT alumni’s new firmsare serial entrepreneurs, starting multiple companies. year, andapproximately 40%ofMIT founders are MIT alumniform hundreds ofnew companies each equivalent to theworld’s 10thlargest economy. and producing annualrevenues of$1.9trillion, • • • • • Undergraduates Graduation after

completed internships while atMIT. Eighty-seven percent ofallgraduating seniors fair. Eighteen percent found jobsthrough acareer professional conferences. and administrators, GECDcontacts, and networking venues, including MIT faculty Nineteen percent found jobsthrough various recruiting andMIT-sponsored joblistings. Twenty percent found jobsthrough on-campus job offer. graduates hadinternships thatled to afull-time Twenty-four percent of2017bachelor’s degree • • Graduation Students after Graduate University ofMichigan. California atSanDiego,University ofChicago, and nology, Columbia, Northwestern, University of Berkeley, Princeton, California Institute ofTech- MIT, Stanford, Harvard, University ofCalifornia at school. Thetop graduate schooldestinations were jobs after graduation; 37%went onto graduate Fifty-four percent ofMIT undergraduates took Aerospace/defense by Degree Type Top Employment Sectors for 2017MIT Graduates, technologies Computer Energy/utilities Education Consulting (all fields) Engineering Health/medicine Finance/banking postdoctoral positions. Of thosewithconfirmed employment, 42%had after graduation, 1%continued theireducation. While 95%ofPhDstudents plannedto work and 11% went onto study. further graduating from MIT entered thework sector Eighty-one percent ofmaster’s students

Bachelor’s 14% 23% 14% 24% 9% 2% 3% 3% Master’s 25% 15% 16% 17% 5% 2% 2% 2% PhD 24% 11% 24% 4% 5% 4% 3% 9%

6 3 / a l u m n i 6 4 / a l u m n i University ofWashington. Northwestern, Stanford, University ofChicago, and McKinsey, Princeton, Columbia, Draper, Microsoft, were MIT, Harvard, Google, UCBerkeley, Apple, The top employers for doctoral degree recipients Young, Microsoft, andPrice Waterhouse Coopers. Navy, Google, MIT, USAirForce, Apple, Ernst & Bain &Company, Deloitte, Facebook, USArmy, US were Amazon, McKinsey, Boston Consulting Group, The top employers for master’s degree recipients & Company, Boeing,McKinsey, andOracle. Grumman, Goldman Sachs,USNavy, Apple, Bain Accenture, Facebook, Amazon, MIT, Northrop ents were Google, Microsoft, General Motors, The top employers for bachelor’s degree recipi- Bachelor of Science Bachelor of Entering Positions, Industry by Degree Average SalariesEarnedby MIT Graduates Master of Science Master of positions PhD entering postdoctoral Administration Business Master of Engineering Master of positions PhD entering other

$129,403 $108,973 $119,265 $ 88,381 $ 87,812 $ 59,807 Mean $130,000 $115,000 $117,500 Median $ 85,000 $ 85,000 $ 55,000 friends. in gifts from 44,031alumni,students, parents, and year 2017, theAnnualFund reported $ Corporation andits visitingcommittees. Infiscal educational counselors, andmembers oftheMIT for theInstitute, asclass andclubofficers, serving More than14,750alumnivolunteer theirservices services. from face-to-face gatheringsto asuite ofonline strengthen alumni’s tiesto MIT andto eachother, alumni. Itprovides services andresources that communities intheworld: the136,079livingMIT of themost diverse, talented, andinvigorating The MIT Alumni Association isagateway to one MIT Alumni Association 81.9 million

6 5 / a l u m n i 6 6 / b u i l d i n g m i t ’ s r e s o u r c e s United States andPossessions Geographic Distribution ofAlumni* *Includes only alumniwithknown addresses. Central America Africa Pacific IslandsandAustralia South America AmericaNorth (otherthanUS) Europe Asia Total and otherUSterritories Puerto Rico, theVirgin Islands, Alaska andHawaii Northwest andGreat Plains Southeast Great Lakes Southwest andSouthCentral West New England Mid-Atlantic 21,457 26,389 26,497 6,125 7,023 7,724 8,676 251 520 123,361 104,662 1,532 1,923 6,103 7,974 505 582 80 the Campaigngoal. and pledges andhadraised $3.6billion towards 2017 withanadditional$589million innew gifts friends andalumni,theInstitute closed fiscal year Thanks to theenthusiasmandgenerosity of • • • • • • span thefullbreadth oftheInstitute: The Campaignisguidedby sixpriorityareas that people ofMIT. challenges through thevisionandtalent ofthe raising $5billionto meethumanity’s urgent global launched inMay 2016withtheambitiousgoalof The MIT Campaignfor aBetter World officially Building MIT’s Resources resources they needto thrive and faculty andproviding themwiththe The MIT Core: Attracting extraordinary students education for the21st-century learner Teaching, Learning,andLiving:Reimagining the journey from ideato impact Innovation andEntrepreneurship: Accelerating across abroad range ofdisciplines through advances from benchto bedside Human Health: Definingthefuture ofhealth facing humankind environmental andsustainability challenges Health ofthePlanet: Addressing critical through fundamental scientificresearch Discovery Science: Transforming ourworld

6 7 / f i n a n c i a l d a t a 6 8 / f i n a n c i a l d a t a Fiscal Year2017 Year-end Statistics (inMillions), Financial Data Total Other Foundations Corporations Individuals Gifts andPledge Payments to MIT Market value oftotal investments Market value ofendowed funds net bookvalue Land, buildings, andequipment, Value ofPlantandInvested Assets Total Undesignated andmiscellaneous Unrestricted Construction andrenovations Research andeducation programs Graduate fellowships life Undergraduate education andstudent aid Scholarships andotherundergraduate Faculty chairs Gift andPledge Payment Designations $19,045.3 $14,832.5 $ 3,397.1 $ 682.8 $682.8 $ 390.5 $ 468.7 $195.8 $ 53.3 $ 41.6 $ 12.8 $91.5 $43.0 $20.0 $33.7 $ 5.0 $9.7 *Figures are rounded. Total: $3,464 Fiscal Year2017 Operating Expenditures (inMillions)* $1,498.8 research Sponsored 43% $17.2 Association MIT Alumni 1% $154.3 Auxiliary enterprises 4% $928.4 unsponsored research Instruction and 27% $865.3 administrative General and 25%

6 9 / f i n a n c i a l d a t a 7 0 / f i n a n c i a l d a t a $969.3 Laboratory Lincoln revenues— Research 27% *Figures are rounded. Total: $3,551.8 Fiscal Year2017 Operating Revenues (inMillions)* $33.3 Technology for Research and Singapore–MIT Alliance Research revenues— 1%

$706.9 Campus Research revenues— 20%

$127.7 enterprises Auxiliary 4% $187.5 for operations Gifts and bequests 5% $787.0 return to operations Investment 22% $378.6 revenues Other operations 11% $361.5 of discount Tuition, net 10%

they offer. accreditation ofthespecificdegree programs departments can provide information onthe and thePlanningAccreditation Board. Academic the NationalArchitectural Accrediting Board, neers, theComputer Science Accreditation Board, Society, theAmerican Institute ofChemical Engi- giate SchoolsofBusiness, theAmerican Chemical including ABET, theAssociation to Advance Colle- by specialized professional accrediting bodies, Many degree programs atMIT are accredited sion onInstitutions ofHigherEducation. of SchoolsandColleges, Inc.,through its Commis- MIT isaccredited by theNew EnglandAssociation Accreditation

7 1 / accreditation People who love discovery and problem-solving typically love to collaborate and work with people who see things from a different perspective. The beautiful result, as we have discovered at MIT over decades, is that when people of many backgrounds work together to address big human challenges…they come to value each other as human beings, united in a struggle larger than themselves. —President L. Rafael Reif