C.OLUMBIA WALLACE· NOVEM~.J:;:.~, 1968 •• VOL. 4, NO. 20' RUBIN

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THE MOVEMENT PRESS 1- B"LI' n~Tr: ! I v '" n.-\ '- t 55 COLTON STREET 'u. s. PC!S-;·;'.G:~ ; SAN FRANCISCO, CA. ! p ,e.. ID I 94103 /1. ".0" ;:-,allcl~~o. ~:dIY. : --_._------PcrrnJt ~to. gt;O~ ! TODAY IS NOVEMBER 5TH GIRIOTERS CHARGED WITH

SAIGON, (LNS)--Six black soldiers, ac­ cused of starting a riot August 30 in MURDER WASN'T THERE SOMETHING an Army stockade 15 miles noth of Sai­ gon, have been charged with the mur- der of a white prisoner, according to a report in the NEW YORK TIMES. The charge grew out of an incident I WAS SUPPOSED TO DO? in the Long Bhin Jail (fondly known as LBJ) ill which 65 persons, including ,PANTHER CUBS five guards, were injured. Military po­ Well, we wuz all settin around the MOVEMENT office, lice used tear gas to break up the dis­ By Pink Panther turbance. jawin and just carryin on, popping pills so we could put An Army spokesman said the mur­ out this issue..•when in runs Two- Finger Luke who does JACKSON, MO. (Special to LNS)--The dered man had been beaten with a shovel. Panther Cubs saw their first action in The names of the victim and the accused our typesettin and says, "Isn't' next month November Mississippi today. A work gang of black are being withheld pending the filing slaves from some county or state prison of formal charges of court martial. 5 and shouldn't we say something about those elections-? was being driven down the Hinds County Sure of course we says, cuz we're a political news­ , road where Panther Cubs "Huey" and "Malcolm" live. The slave brothers, under paper and those elections out there is an important part the watchful eye of a white guard, were of the political process--how can we ignore em? being used to cut down weeds from the roar' side. It was 95 degrees in the shade, DaleyOut. I know how we can ignore them, sez the editor (whose and the prisoners were in the blazing sun. name we forget). That wasn't exactly the question but It made "Huey" and "Malcolm" mad. Of His. somehow we go onto the subject while sitting on the lay­ TtJey cooked up an idea: "Huey" would yell a message of hope to the slave­ In response to Mayor Richard Daley's out table and somebody came up with some suggestions. brothers and escape before the guard TV film: "What Trees Do They Plant?" We wuz wondering whether we had any readers...who knew what happened. He planned to yell: members of one Chicago radical com­ "Brothers! Be strong! stay men! Free­ munity group attempted to plan t a" peace might be so bored that they'd actually be drivin to votin (or something desperate) just dom fighters will open the prison soon." and freedom" tree last Saturday in a for a few cheap thrills. On the way to where the slaves were small city' park in their neighborhood. working, • Huey" met • Malcolm". To­ Surrounded by about 30 frienl1s and a gether they walked right up to the pri­ dozen children, the first shovelful of soners and shouted their message. The dust was hardly turned when eight cops guard yelled and came after them. They and a paddy wagon arrived. In' the en­ threw rocks. He pulled out his pistol. suing debate, Marty Noone, independent \,\,a~\~\ candidatE:' for the Illinois State Legisla­ The Panther Cubs escaped unhurt. "Huey" tre~. is nine years old; "Malcolm" is eight. ture, was arrested, as'was the The The Panther Cubs hope older Missi­ shovel was also arrested. The action ssippians will also form small guerri­ oc::urred in Joyce Kilmer Triangle, dedi­ lla bands, but they are not g'oing to cated to til(-> author of the poem "Trees," wait around for the grown-ups to start When I1H·mbers of his group, the citi­ first. They say their number will quickly zens for Independent Political Action grow now that school has started, and (CIPA) went to bail Noone out, they hope to "give Huey (Newton) a thou- found that he was charged with "plant­ ing a tree without a pprmit" . sand Panther Cubs for a Christmas pre­ sent." LNS/GUARDIAN

Brothers and Sisters, This 24 page issue of the MOVEMENT increased our production costs considerably. We would like to continue increasing our coverage. To do this we need YOUR help. Please send us information, contributions, help us dis­ Things To Do On Election Day tribute and get new subscriptions. All of this aid should First, you can sleep late. And go to bed early. Eat a big meal in between. be sent to our NEW address: The MOVEMENT PRESS, Have an outdoor party on the block near your local polling place. Give away frpe beer. Hold it in a garage and put out an American flag. Lots of folks when thpy find 55 Colton Street, San Francisco, California 94103. out it ain't the real pollin place will be real grateful. A!terwards, post the returns on the garage door, football scores, or maybl' how many THE MOVENIENT folks showed up at yer place instead a wastin their short life strugglin with a Ipver. IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE MOVEMENT PRESS Git up, go to work, come home, have a beer and watch the returns on TV. Who knows, somebody mav win. Doubtful thought. , 55 COLTON STREET, SAN FRANC!SCO, CALIFORN!A 94103 Better yit, find a color TV, turn the color knobs all the way up, turn on and dig the (415) 626 4577 . establishment light show. Do whatever you do on an ordinary day. Due to laek of interl'st the whole thing may llE' SUBSCRIPTIONS $200 PER YEAR postponed anyway, an it.s no use gettin all in a lather over sompthing that might not pan out. EDITORIAL GROUP Feets In Their Mouths JOSEPH A. BLUM, RENEE BLUM, KAREN .10 !,<'OONAN, Now this don't mean we aint be'pn watchin things. We pvpn managpd a laugh now and TERENCE ~ANNON, LINCOLN BERGMAN, ARLENE EISEN then. And we know, in our hearts, that it all got some meanin. Like when a card sharp reshuffles the cards or the dealer stacks the pack. Only this time the dealers got to BERGMAN, PERI GILBERT, JERRY DENSCH, KAREN ROSS. show some of his cards anyway, not to say he still dont have a lot of hanky-panky MARK HARDESTY, JACK GERSON. goin on under the table. This time they got thrpe big play"rs- -and any way its a losin hand. We watched whats-his-narne put his foot in his racist mouth a fpw times. Then WI" CHiCAGO GRCUP watched George pick that Air Force general. So the general gets up and sez I'd rather die with an atom bomb than be killed by a rusty knife in the jungles of Vietnam. Then KATHY ARCHIBALD, .JIM CARTER, LES COLEMAN, HILDA there's this debate: they been debatin whether to debate if the\ will dehate .....\nd IGNAT(N, MIKE JAMES, ED JENNINGS, LENNY.JOYCE, they been so concerned with L1\v n order that eveq'\\'here the\" '-:0, disurder follows em PETER KUTTNER, FRAN ROMINSKY. like the night breeze follows the L\ smog. . And we even been speculatin, Like how many people know that if the election goes CO 505,1608 W. MADISON ST. CHICAGO, ILL. 60612 to the House of Representatives and the House cant decide on a candidate then it goes (312) 666 3874 to the Senate and the Senate's got to choose between the three VICE- Prpsidential candidates.. , LOS ANGELES Course, they been talking about that war. They got to. Humpty spozed to have moved BOB NIEMANN. BILL VANDERCOOK· closer to something and somebody moved farther from somethin and somebody ain't moved--But NOBODY is moving OUT. 1657 FEDERAL AVENUE. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90025 Another Way To Vote (213) 478 9509 We got, right in this issue, a petition about Eldridge Cleaver, who they're tryin BROTHER IN EXILE JEFF SEGAL to railroad back into jail. Now there's a real candidate. So we figure one t.hing to do is to get all your folks to sign that petition and get it in before election day and make CHE GUEVARA MEMORIAL ISSUE that like millions of votes. PAGE 2 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER,1968 U~!

SEVEN,/ after he is paroled. The informal pen­ able to arrest the Seven before the dem­ The Oakland Seven go to trial Novembel/18. A year has alt1es, such as loss of job, education onstration, so that part of the strategy and respect would also be compelling failed. If the conspiracy charges are passed since the "crime", last October's Stop The Draft reasons for second thoughts on the part thrown out that would of course be an Week in Oakland. STDW, during which 10,000 brothers of potential unlawful demonstrators." enormous victory for mlIitant demonstra­ Punative? Political? Heavy? Alameda tors. This is almost impossible; the and sisters tried to halt the induction process at the County DA Coakely was so impressed by Seven's appeal to higher courts to throw Oakland Iilduction Center, helped to issue in a new era this political tract that he hired her. out the indictment on constitutional She's now an assistant DA. His first grounds has been denied. The case of the of militant street demonstrations. It started the white application of this strategy was against B')ston Five has a much stronger chance the Seven. of reversing the conspiracy charges: the movement on the road that produced the Pentagon, Col­ Five did not know one another before umbia and. Chicago. It also cost Oakland $250,000 to keep Counter-Conspiracy the "consptracy" occured. The Seven did know one another and did work together-­ the Induction Center open for a week. The Oakland powers Merga's paper lays out the political virtually all that's needed to get an in­ have not forgotten. goals of the prosecution. They were nor dictment and conviction. AGcording to Cal1fornia law, a conspfracy can be either The Seven--Frank J. Bardacke, Terry a felony or a misdemeanor--at the dis­ Cannon, steve Hamilton, Reese Erlich, cretion of the judge. Bob Mantlel, Jeff Segal and Mike Smith w1ll be tried in Alameda Superior Court If the Seven were convicted of a mis­ before Judge Ph1l1ps. 1,-. demeanor, rather than a felony, and were /') given light sentences, this would defeat the prosecution's attempt to single them .Conspiracy To Do What? out and punish them severely. Everyone The Seven are charged with conspiracy who participated in stop The Draft Week to commit two misdemeanors--trespass knew they risked misdemeanor arrests. and interfering with the lawful duties of One of the principles of STDW' was "do an officer. None of the Seven are accused it and get away with it-. This is still cif actually doing these crimes, just con­ possible for the Oakland Seven. spiring to do them. The strategist for Alameda County's use of the conspiracy law is a young lawyer named Yvonne Judge On The Outs Merga. In 1965, when just a law student, Judge Phillips has recently made him­ she wrote a paper about the advantages self unpopular with the DistrictAttorney's of using conspiracy laws against demon­ office. He declared a mistrial in a recent strators. The main advantage, as. she case on the grounds that the prosecutor saw it, was that conspiracy charges raise had methodically excluded blacks from the misdemeanor crimes .to the level of fel­ jury. For this act of judicial com;non­ onies. In her words: sense--brave, considering the pol1tical "Recent demonstrators in California cl1mate in Oakland--he has come under have been charged with unlawful assem­ extreme pressure, received hate letters bly, failure to disperse, trespass, and and phone calls, and incurred the public disturbing the peace--all misdemeanor wrath of DA Coakley. offenses punishable by a relatively minor Phillips is probably more unpopular penalty. The penalty does not deter re­ in Oakland now than the Sevan. The seven peated violations. have also called the District Attorney's "While the 1llegal demonstrators in actions racist--but that's expected from California have not been tried for crim­ new leftists. The DA may attempt to inal conspiracy, it would seem clear remove Phill1ps from the Seven's trial that they could be...If a conspiracy is on the grounds that anyone that gutsy charged there is no need to wait for all (read "sensible") might give the Seven the participants to commit the planned a minimal sentence. acts before arrests are made...Attendance November 18 the seven are up. To at a preparatory group meeting to plan the District Attorney and the Oakland an unlawful demonstration would satisfy power structure and the government, the the requirements of conspiracy... Seven wish to deliver this message: "The sanctions of law applied to a "We ain't sorry we did it. We're proud convicted felon are many and harsh. In we did it. And don't turn your back on addition to the initial confinement in the the brothers and sisters, because we may State prison, the felon may be disqual­ just do it again!" • ified as a juror, give his spouse grounds for divorce, and may have severe re­ strictions placed on his liberty even The MIDPENINSULA OBSERVER

KKK XXXXXXXXX__ _ KKK______KKXXXXXXXXXK_. ------..------..----- n " n n n---- n K~ ..XXXXft ,.. ,.. - X,.. ..XX- XX,.. - HUEY: THE WILL OF THE BLACK PEOPLE MUST BE DONE

Monroe Friedman, errand boy for and stockholder in "His tendency to overreact in stress­ things about Huey. It categorized him as fUl, unstructured situationswas first noted "verbal, perceptive, and possessing the Oakland Power Structures , Inc. Huey P. Newton, ten years ago and has become increasing1y BRIGHT NORMAL intell1gence." It also evident in recent years. called Huey "likeable, friendly, relates co-founder of and Minister of Defense of the Black Panther "That he has chosen to commit him­ well and is not noticeably hostlIe." Party. self to a life pattern likely to involve Can you dig that? He is personally him in repeated stress situations is par­ not hostile, but also super-aggressive. Judge Friedman, on September 27, sentenced Huey Newton ticularly foreboding. Does that mean perhaps that his friendli­ to serve 2-15 years in prison for voluntary manslaughter-­ "The defendant appears to be' statu­ ness is just a cover, the slave sm1ling torily ineligible for probation." while plotting the master's destruction? the compromise with racism that was called a verdict The report was especially concerned Or does it mean that he is friendly, but, with Huey's analysis of the so-called l1ke all of them, sometimes cannot control on September 8. crimes he had previously been convicted himself? Racist paranoia and sterotype Before the sentence was announced was pronounced and was helped from the of. It reads, "as h

protect students taking the course. With- llor has offered a room for the course reform was ignored as a sop. Perhaps BERKELEY-- . out credit they face overburdened sche..: for no-credit. The faculty will "negotiate" not. Things were happening on the streets. But the same people who were on the Course 139 X, Dehumanization and Re­ dules, the loss of work-study jobs, the (read plead) with the Regents for credit. generation of the American Social Order, loss of GI benefits, and the draft." (CPE How can you occupy a building that has streets are not in the classrooms. Yet is a student initiated course at the Univ­ leaflet).. already been offered? And ultimatums the people who are running the Cleaver­ ersity of California. The 5 credit course This statement shows, in a nutshell, over Iive credits towards graduation don't crisis show may end up on the streets. would be as dull as its name if Eldridge how occasionally Chancellors can get what exactly add up to the radical strategy They have been going through all the Cleaver hadn't been invited to give ten they ask for. Heynes told the faculty hoped for. channels. But after playing by the rules lectures for it. meeting to "Trust students to trust us" . Meanwhile Eldridge comes to huge ral­ of the game they may feel very cheated When Reagan and the Regents decided The students didn't buy the phony line lies and calls for "All power to the when they're denied even such a petty to forbid the course, the local political about how the ban on Cleaver had nothing people, Black power to black people, thing like 5 credits. . forecasters got excited. "Berkeley now to do with racism or free speech-- the Panther Power to the Vanguard...and Guest This is the dynamics of radicalization. has a Columbia-type issue". They thought man just didn't have the "academic quali­ Lecture Power". He doesn't sel:'m to be The Regents and Mickey Mouse (Eldridge's the Regents had given them an anti-rac­ fications". But they did bUy the depend­ taking the thing as seriously as the pet name for Reagan) cannot grant credit ism/student power issue on a silver on-your-liberal-professors line, liberals. And why should he when he may for the course. The course had become platter. "The campus is bound to blow The liberal professors played their be sent back to San Quentin in a few part of the political campaign of every up over this one". They thought if people traditional role. They passed a mealy­ days? Eldridge may dig the stUdents, reactionary in the State. U Eldridge in­ threw bombs this past summer over a mouthed resolution condemning the prece­ but while they cheer him wildly, they sists on defying' "law and order", he street, they'd do anything when provoked dent the Regents were setting against don't seem to really dig him. While can be sent to jall--but never to a ta.{­ by racism and Regential domination. academic freedom and "urged" that credit Eldridge talks about fucking Ronald Rea­ supported lecture hall. So far, the speculators have been dis­ be granted for the course as planned. gan and revolution" the students talk Liberal faculty may find some loop­ appointed. The issue has become whether They stood on principle, but wouldn't about academic credit and "overburdened hole in the Regential order to grant or not 139X will be given credit. The all0W that stance to bring them ~,llt') a schedules" . credit, but then they will have to sac­ ,~onfrontation rifice their "principles". In any case, mass movement that grew in response with the Regents that It could Student initiated courses grew out of to the latest crisis in Berkeley is "call­ destroy the University as we have 'known FSM. Their purpose was to channel radi­ sooner or later students will have to ing on the faculty to insist that the it" • (President Hitch) cal activity into institutionally approved either stop calling themselves radicals Chancellor announce this week that credit The people who wanted to broaden the channels. For a long time this educational or recognize the issues and deal with them strategically... will be given. This is necess~ry to issues seem to be screwed. The Chance- ••• GOGO gTANFORl> ...(1,," oy JaCK Gerson university's influence in this area. Sem~­ 'y, nars on these areas were set up during Elitism And Manipulation The familiar image of Dennis Hayes, the sit-in. They were not well attended, Stanford student body president, is beamed indicating that most students were more The sudden growth in the organization across the television screen. Worriedly, concerned with student power. Never­ has created some problems. Rather than impatiently, he stammers, "We may see theless, they laid the groundwork for being built, the organization more or something at Stanford this year that will activity during the summer as well as less. hallooned. The chapter it~"lf (150 dwarf Columbia." for the current study-action group struc­ local dues-paying members), inCludes a While it is still too soon to predic~ ture of Stanford SDS. few Humphrey supporters (he's the only as Dennis Hayes is so quick to do, a alternative); the mass meetings attract mass student movement at Stanford, it a great diversity of views. There is a is clear that the SDS chapter is stronger Through The Looking Glass fear among many new people that there and better organized than ever before. During the summer, Steve Weissman is an attempt to manipulate them, a Unlike Berkeley, where countless groups, led a course at the Midpeninsuia Free conspiracy aimed at getting their heads open and closed, vie for public leader­ University on power in America. Un­ busted. As was suggested to me by a ship of the militant actions, SDS is the fortunately, the focus became power at member of the "conspiracy" (which con­ only above-ground radical organization Stanford, with the result that the several sists of anyone with somewhat coherent at Stanford. A strong chapter means a people in the course not from the Stan­ radical analysis), this may be a favor­ strong left. ford community eventually dropped out. able- sign in the sense that people feel The !irst SDS meeting of the year The course was successful, thQugh, in drew 500 people, most of whom had been accumulating information about the trust­ activ.e in a sit-in last spring protesting ees, government research, corporate ties, suspension of seven students. During the foreign involvement (notably Peru and three day action, 700 students, many for Thailand). From the course came an ;",.",+" the first tim~ in their lives, shared SDS student guide, THROUGH THE LOOK­ that our ideas have the strengih to win TRUSTEE OF WELLS F ARGO AND the experience of collective decision­ ING GLASS, a radical guide to Stanford. them over. Neverthless, we are goin~ making, freely exchanged ideas, and It consist~ of three sections:Where You're to have to convince this group that they're STANFORD were able to recognize the possibility At, which runs down the Palo Alto area, not being used and then face the problen of the university in a different social in a thorough manner, from shopping and of how to define the chapter politically. setting. A new group of students emerged housing through courses and student gov­ The problem will easeifthe chapter agrees year there are many more people work­ from the sit-in, eager to engage in radi­ ernment to the draft and the media. The on some form of action, and people are ing actively, so centralization of power cal politics and already extremely active second section, Where Tney're At, deals able to once more deal with the concrete through default is not as likely. in the SDS chapter. with the trustees, the Stanford Research rather than the abstract. Institute (promoters of counterinsurgency SDS will definitely have to deal in som':l Another Columbia Sit-In Results in Thailand, developers of the strategic way with the McCarthy kids. Many of Many students who sat in to protest hamlet program in Vietnam, and large them are actively and solidly involved The primary thrust for the fall may administration encroachment on student scale defense researchers), Kenneth Pit­ in the chapter, as opposed to last year, be decided at the next executive com­ rights were able to see a panorama of zer, (Stanford's new president and a noted when SDS was a militant-sounding, iso­ mittee meeting. Most people I have talked America: the intransigent administration, government scientist), and generally with lated sect which reinforced its dilemma to feel we should concentrate on action caught in a bind between the trustees, Stanford's intimate ties with the giant by refusing to deal with strains not so against the Stanford Research Institute. heart of suburbia. But Stanford versity exploded, many participants be­ ia, mination of government policy and the edly one of the major factors behind controlled the forms of the organization the enormous interest in SDS. and made most decisions for it. This but neither will he and the administration have their Stanford.•

PAGE 4 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 1.,000,000 Signaturesfor Eldridge DO YOUR THING •••

HAVE THIS PETITION SIGNED BY 25 BLACK PANTHER PARTY NATIONAL HEAD~UARTERS PEOPLE AND MAIL IMMEOIATELYTO: P.O. BOX 8t-41 , EMERYVILLE BRANCH OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE TO KEEP PETITION ;.;;,NO,;;;,;:. _ ELDRIDGE CLEAVER OUT OF PRISON

PETITION: KEEP ELDRID&E~} CLEAVER OUT 0F PRISo'N '''EVERYONE IS INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY" ONLY THE PEOPLE IN MASS CAN DESTROY RACISM IN 'l'HE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. So we the undersigned Who are cItIzens of AmerIca aDd peoples around the world, DEMAND, that ELDRIDGE CLEAVER, Minister of Information of the Black Panther Party; Candidate for President of the United States of America on the Peace and Freedom Party ticket; author of the book, SOUL ON ICE; and managing editor for Ramparts Magazine, we say and demand that he, Eldridge Cleaver, should not be sent back to prison after being released from prison by Judge Sherwin of Solano County in California. Released because the Judge stated tbat Eldridge then was being held as a "political prisoner." ELDRIDGE CLEAVER is now out of prison on legal bail. We the undersigned say that the California Gover­ nor with his "Adult Authority," the courts of California and the federal courts of the U.S.A. had better recognize that everyone is innocent un­ til proven guilty with the right to bail before trial, that this is every human beings right by the United State·s Constitution, including Eldridge Cleaver.

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~ 24 25 GEORGE WALLACE NO fRIEND 'Of THE "LITTLE MAN" foward to articulate those fears and organ­ the rUling -class.•His racist populism is By Doug Youngblood ize them. He is saying publicly what many disdained, but he is considered a useful George Wallace is certainly making true his statement whites have been saying to themselvp.s counterpoise to anti-capitalist forces and each other. He is rei·nfor(:ing their loose in the society. They attack him that: "We're going to shake the eye-teeth of the liberals resistance to change and cannot be glibly bitterly for his racism in the media, but written off as a fascist and a demagogue." their real complaint against him is that of both national parties." The fact that he is having some Wallace is making an emotional appeal he is not und(~r control. George Wallace success can be seen by the results of a recent Gallup directed at the fears and insecurities felt is the only major politician in America by those who are experiencing the same with an independent political and financial Poll in which he racked up 19% of the popular vote. And frustration as we are, caused by a"system base." (C. Clark Kissinger, NATIONAL in a more recent Harris Poll he is credited with 21%. which increasingly allows for less and less GUARDIAN). McCarthy has been dealt involvement in anything remotely human.~ with and while Wallace is viewed as an While there is little danger that he will be elected Presi­ But the answers he gives to their questions, immp.diate pnemy in the long run he is fears, doubts and frustrations serve only just as much a friend and believer in cap­ dent there are many who fear that his third party can to strengthen and reinforce the response italism as they are. They will try to crush gain enough support to throw the election into the House and behavioral patterns formed and sllaped him but if they can't they will accom modate (on a large part) by the educational in­ themselves to him and receive him with of Representatives. If ·this were to happen it would mean stitutions of the State. ' open arms. that Wallace would probably swing his support in behind His popularity does not prove that the workers of this country are pro-facist Sowing The Seeds But the candidate that would allow him a voice in choosing and racist, but it does prove that for the Not Reaping The Harvest Supreme Court Justices and the Attorney General, plus first time (on a large scale) in 30 years people are talking and thinking politics The movement (civil rights, student and a pledge to tread lightly in enforcing civil rights laws; and in varying degrees most of them have peace) has been the chief agent of the un­ and a say in other things like the placement of industry, some understanding of the "Tweedle-Dee rest, alienation and political awareness and Tweedle-Dum" nature of the two that exists but it has failed to go among federal funds, and even the war. major parties and their dissatisfaction white people and" move them into the pro­ with them can be seen in the popularity of cess of change." We have sowed the seeds More important Wallace is certainly setting the stage McCarthy as well as Wallace. The Ameri­ but have not gone into the fields to reap upon which both Nixon and Humphrey will act out their can Independent Party appears as a media the harvest that Wallace is finding so by which they can say "No!" to certain abundant and is turning against us. Much respective political farces and spew forth their election aspects of this system, i.e. the AlP seems of his popularity can be blamed on the year rhetoric of lies, distortions and empty prCJmises. a "viable alternative to the Republican and movement becausa 'we have not gone out Democratic parties, which refuse to create into poor and working-class white com­ much distinction between each other" • The munities to work at helping white people people are expressing their displeasure to liberate themselves. We have not gone with what the 2 major parties have pro­ \ among those upon whose backs rest the duced and want an alternative. But no industry of this country, the task of fight­ alternative exists because Wallace (just ing the wars, the burden of paying the like McCarthy) has no disagreement with bulk of the taxes. We have not ventured the capitalistic system and while his AlP into the areas to organize where people seems a vehicle by which they can make are caught up in a world of second-hand .... their voice heard, it is nothing more than cars, clothes, and grade C educations. a reinforcing process that ties them even We have not been receptive, responsive, . ~';; more firmly to the primary source of or sensitive to what their lives are all their alienation, I.e. the capitalistic sys­ about or what they feel about what is :'l. tem. happening around them • We have not ex­ ~ plained to them the reasons for our dem­ : " . onstrations, marches and that we under­ ',. stand and make their demands our de­ mands. We have not become the voice to which they listen. We have not provided the channel they think they will find with Wallace or thought they would find with McCarthy. We have not gone among them with explanations of racism, education, thp war, or any of the multitude of prob­ lems that beset their lives. No, we have not gone among our own people but Wallacp has and he is finding the harvest more than abundant and reaps where he has not sown. The white section of the movement has remained basically student and middle-class oriented and is thp. primary reason that they have no other voice to listen to but that of George Wallace. ., .•: ,{'-11 Beyond The Peace And 2~~4·· ,; ~ Student Movements \:' ~t-':'" While recogmzlllg that the peace and prepared a report linking Birch members "Rebel" student move'ments are vitally important ~...... --- to 22 of Wallace's state organizations and to the growth of radical consciousness in "Both (McCarthy liberals and Wallace this country I feel that their members tying White Citizen Councils' mem)ers to reactionaries) represent an alienation For years the movement has been 10 of his state organizations. are going to have to understand that until from U.S. policies, from distrust of the their movements become relevant'to the content to label Wallace a fascist, racist, All across the country right-wing org­ ruling bodies. Both cast their lot with a bigot, and reactionary, Now while he may anizations (KKK, Minutemen, the Christian needs and show our understanding of the be all of these things these words have Crusade, National States Rights Party, alienation of these "ignored Americans" done little or nothing to impede the growth the American Nazi Party, White Citizens they (the movement) will never be able of his movement. It is time for our "r{'f.:>'((;";"'· .. to obtain the power to cause revolutionary Council, as well as the JBS) have thrown movement to stop the name calling and their support behind him and are working ~£:t'/':-(; change in the politics, institutions and sit down to make an honest appraisal of feverishly for a victorY in November. I other forces that control and shape our Wallace. After all, he is winning the ~ lives. i White middle-class kids who could go support of those who have traditionally Wallace's Popularity l f into Mississippi and other places to assist led the fight against fascism and racism-­ Although these affiliations with right­ .-' namely, organized workers (e.g. Italy, wing interests shed some light on Wallace ;kl black ppople cannot turn and do the same ~' for and among poor and working-class Ger many, Spain). He is also getting the they do little to explain his growing pop­ ~ support of people who until now were closed Ularity (15,000 people attend a rally in whites. This is not strange when you to the unreal and simplistic solutions Shreveport, La.; 5,000 in Providence, ~ understand that just as whites are taught he offers. R.I.; 6,000 in Syracuse, N.Y.; 10,000 in i' to hate and fear blacks; middle-class Columbia, Md.; and 3,000 in Boston, whites are taught to hate and fear "lower The People Backing Wallace Mass.) class" whites. The same gUilt that in­ His popularity depends upon several itially brought so many into the civil­ Who backs Wallace? other factors: political alienation, emo­ rights movement does not exist toward "Rumors persist that large contribu­ tional appeal, his rebel image and the poor whites because they are just lazy, tions are being received from individuals failure of the white radical me i1'cm"':J~ to pro-fascist and could make it if they'd and organizations classed in the conser­ go to the people. just wash UP and get a job. vative and fa r~ right political categories. In the NATIONAL GUARDIAN, Julius It's difficult for middle-class whites Most often mentioned is H. L. Hunt, the Lester had this to say: "Geor:ge Wallace to admit that poor whites are their people Texas oil billionaire." (The BIRMINGHAM recognized that these 'forgotten Ameri­ r'e.)el, with (in their eyes) the guts to and they haven't been able to (on any large NEWS). Hunt is a long-time enemy of cans' were perhaps more alienated from throw down the gauntlet to a powerfUl scale) do what black middle-class kids organized labor and progressive politics. the society than the children of affluence, and arrogant establishment." (AI Lannon) could do i.e. go intoLhe cotton patches, This right-Wing support "rumor" is now the childen of the ghetto, and the liberal Wallace appeals in many respects to the ghettos and factories to work allll organ­ ize their people and involve them in the well documented and substantiated by an intellectual. They were m:) re alienated rebel in people that comes out when we struggle. It is important that this line of investigati:>l: rr,ad", by four groups which because they were without a means of even are fed up with a lot of things: high taxes, monitor right -wing activities: the In­ expressing their alienation. They looked to seeing our sons coming back from a war thought be injected into the movement. stitute for American Democracy, the Anti­ the world about them, a world of rapid and WE MUST GO TO OUR PEOPLE AND with no purpose, thpir mE'aningless and un­ ORGANIZE NOT AS AGENTS OF THE Defamation League of B' nai B'rith, the radical change, and saw that change as only exciting existence, the boredom of their Southern Committee on Political Ethics, BLACK MOVEMENT, BUT AS AGENTS a threat. And they could find no political jobs and conformity to rules and regula­ OF REVOLUTION. OUR GOAL IS TO and Group Research Inc. Their investiga­ force who could speak to their fears and tions they don't agree with. tions show even more clearly to what ex­ quiet them or speak to their fears and ASSIST OUR PEOPLE IN BECOMING IN­ The only problem is that this rebel is VOL VED IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE tent the right-wing is using the Wallace organize them. No one came foward to not really a rebel at all for Wallace is SYSTEM THAT 'vICTIMIZES THEM IN campaign to advance their propagandaand move them into the process of change, so no different than Humphrey or Nixon; it's fill their own ranks and coffers. The lAD THE SAME WAY THAT IT DOES BLACK their fears increased. Wallace has come only that he serves different interests of PEOPLE. PAGE 6 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 turn to work. vote by yelling'nigger' then steals bread Wallace's Alabama In average jobless benefits payments, from his pockets." Wallace presents himself to the nation only 7 states ranks lower than Alabama It's not necessary to re-establish as the popular governor of Alabama. Yet and 7 are lower in the maximum weekly Wallace's racism. But the issue of racism on primary day, when black people cast benefits paid. must be raised again because itis the best 20% of the votes; whites 80%, Wallace These facts make it very difficult to way to combat his claim of being the friend only received 52% of the total votes continue belieVing Wallace when he refers of the workingman. Racism is not in the • cast. Few, if any, black people voted for to his friendliness toward the "little man" best interest of the working class. Wallace and only 65% of the whites did. and makes it more understandable when If 5% more of the whites had voted against one Alabamian union official puts it: Wallace they would have defeated him. In " Wallace is perhaps the most anti-work­ the general elections he got 66% of th,~ ingman governor in the U.S." In no other Racism and Workers votes because IJlany anti-Wallace people state is the tax structure so rigged against wanted to vote for moderate Dem9crats, the urban workingman and in favor of th~ Racism sets one section oftheworking­ but did not know how to split their tickets. man who owns a thousand acres of pine class against another and keeps them from Wallace never mentions the reasons for trees or pasture land in a rural county. seeing that it is in their class interest his low popularity in his own state. Union leaders are cautious because (class, not personal) to make demands Alabama ranks 48th among states in Wallace has hurt them. He has fragmented of some workers the demands of all per capital annual income and is $900 their organizations by telling their mem­ workers. They cannot be divided for in below the national average. bers: "I could do so much more for you division is defeat as has happened so many Alabama meets only one of 8 key workingmen if you'd just get rid of them times in the past. Wallace cannot have standards for state child labor laws. nigger-loving leaders you got". Let's the interests of the worker at heart when Alabama is one of the 16 states without listen to what some union officials have he creates such divisions in the ranks an effective minimum wage law. to say on the subject of Wallace and the of laborers as he does when he vows: Alabama has one of the highest illit­ "little man". "Segregation forever" . eracy rates in the nation. Mnre than 40% Another interesting bit of information of Alabama males called for military comes to light when we listen to another service are disqualified due to illiteracy union leader saying: "Before workingmen and health rpasons. Only 3 states have in other states start supporting Wallace poorer records. for President, they should come to Ala­ Alabama has one of the highest per­ One thing that we (the movement) must bama and see workingmen paying Wall­ centages among states of housing listed purge ourselves of is accepting stereo­ ace's new taxes on bread, beer, tobacco, as dilapidated. types. For it has not been only the black auto tags and driver's licenses. They Alabama is one of the lowest states in man that has been distorted (historically should inspect a state which has no mini­ the percentage of high school graduates and culturally) but the poor white has also mum wage law, but which has an anti­ who go on to college. had an incorrect image of him projected union law and an inadequate workman's Alabama ranks 49th among states in by the various medias. We see how the compensation." Welfare payments for dependent children. media and other instruments that shape It would seem to me that if Wallace is Only 2 states spend less per pupil in public opinion distort our actions, goals truly for the "little man" then one of the public schools than Alabama, whose alid endeavors and we must understand' the planks of his platform should be to $390 annual expenditure is $179 below the that they do this to other things also. This strike down all anti-union legislation ex­ national averages. is one way the State keeps its niggers isting in Alabama and in other Southern While it is true that many of these prob­ (black, white or otherwise) in line. states. This would allow workers to org­ lems were in existence before he arrived anize their jobs and would result in better on the Alabama political scene still during Wallace and the "Little Man" wages, better living conditions andahigh­ his 4 years and nearly one and a half as er standard of living for those he claims unofficial governor the relative standing of One of Wallace's loudest claims is that "When Wallace was a legislator (late to represent. But in light of what we have his state remains basicallyunchanged, and he has the best illterests ::lfthe "little man" forties) he talked like the workingman's learned about George Wallace, I think we there is little evidence that he made any utmost in his heart. friend. When he ran for governor in 1962 can say that it is impossible for him to major effort toward solving any of them. we labor people asked him where he stood make this part of his platform because While he makes claims ahout how the state Here are some facts that will show why on issues like: sales tax, minimum wages, he serves interests whose wealth is tied is prospering under his guidance, facts Wallace is not a friend ofthe "little man" . workman's compensation, anti-union laws up in creating a non-unioned floating pool will show that he is misrepresenting him­ Sales tax rates in his state have soared and he told us, 'Hell, you fellows know of cheap labor and keeping the South as self. (He has wooed some industry into to among the highest in the nation--after how I stand on them issues. I always been a place where industry can go. to escape the state by offering free land, utilities, he promised not to increase them. ~ for the workingman' . But then his speeches organized labor. tax exemption and non-union labor.) For the first time in many years in Ala­ became nothing but nigger, nigger, nigger While I am aware that many unions are The state's rate of economic progress bama, state agencies-- notably the Highway and we told him he should give us a little not acting in the best interests of their has declined sharply in the lasttwo years. Patrol--interfered in union organizing less nigger, nigger, nigger and a little members, unions are still the only buffer ALABAMA BUSINESS reports that "1967 efforts. more talk about how he was gonna help that workers can put between them and was quite frankly disappointing for the Though he boasts of attracting new in­ the workingman. His answer was, 'I'm those who own the job at which they work. Alabama economy." While the rest of the dustry to the state, in recent years manu­ gonna help the workingman first by taking If you think this buffer isn't needed any South kept moving ahead, total industrial facturing jobs increased in EVERY south­ his part against the niggers: that's all longer, check out the day-labor halls that output in Alabama barely matched the 1966 eastern state with the exception of Missis­ folks want to hear me talk about'. And we ut.Hize non-unionized labor. And as long level, and average monthly manufacturing sippi, told him, 'Well, Negroes are workingmen as George Wallace is anti-union then he employment fell off from 1966. Only 9 statespay lower minimum weekly too, and what all workingmen in Alabama is anti"little man". There are many Alabamans, black and benefits for disability under workman's need is a governor to take their part In closing I would like to reemphasize white, who are working openly and not so compensation. against the big employer and the big prop­ th~ importance of understanding that we openly to oppose Wallace. They represent Jobless pay increased under Wallace as erty owners'. Of course, George double­ as white revolutionaries have a job with the decent and human element trying to it did under all his recent predecessors, crossed us. Show us a politician who's our own people. If this is not the direction make Alabama (and other Southern states) but it was boosted at the expense ofworking taking the white man's part against the that the movement begins to move in better places to live, and their opinions women. His administration denied unem­ nigger, and I'll show you one who'll never the system that oppresses us all will create qUite a different picture of Alabama ployment benefits to ALL working women take the workingman's part against em­ use our poor white and working-class than that being projected by Wallace and the who take maternity leave without assur­ ployers and big property owners. Why brothers against us in our struggle for news media. ance of a job when they are ready to re- should he? He gets the poor white man's liberation, freedom and dignity. • "IT'LL BE THE GRAMMER SCHOOL KIDS NEXT"

Said one white mother, "I think they're Here, racism parades in the guise of fair to me -- it didn't make much dif­ Not a generation gap. But a gap in­ using the generation gap argument simply equality for all. As if there had not been ference because the school and the prin­ formed by the content of black protest as a copy-cat method, just to create special «emphasis" and special «deem­ cipal were the bosses." against either inhumane discipline or disturbances. The exam';lIe set by Cal phasis" up to now. "It's time youngsters learned that get­ irrelevant curricula or racist teachers. students has now filtered down to high Eventually Fremont, after meetings day ting an education is a privilege, rather It is clear that the black power move- schools and junior highs. Ifsomeone doesn' t after day went back into session. Black than a right." stand up next year it will be the grammar history will be taught, starting imme­ In the scattered incidents of violence school kids." diately. Most other demands are receiving many pe9ple found the hook to hang The opening weeks of school in Oak­ fast attention. The struggle ended in sub­ their objections to student demands. One '---', la.1d et': '. .'1 th,~ rest of the country were stantial victory. parent called it "all take and no give••. stormy, to say the least. Fremont High At Ravenswood High in Palo Alto, stu­ the one quarrel I have with it all is School in Oakland was closed for almost dents held a sit-in. They demanded the their lack of concern for humanity." a week, due to some fights between black removal of the principal, Malcolm Tay­ The violence that took place was mi­ and white students, a fire-bombing by lor. Many of the movements began with nor ... the threat, however, was ever white students, but, in general, due to adminstrator or teacher provocation, and present. It, along with the present at­ the black student perception of the ir­ built as students handled the admini­ mosphere of tension in Oakland, contri­ relevance and brainwash of the present strators, not vice-versa.. When asked buted to the surprisingly careful handling ~ educational framework. about the qual:iy of education in the of protest by the schools. High school students had found power in organization At many high schools in the Bay Area predominantly black scho.>l, Taylor says, black students have organized and pre­ "Many children do have an inferior edu­ and in muscle. High school students de­ sented demands. These demands have cation...not becuase of inferior instruc­ monstrated a strong defiance of estab­ included: more black history and culture tion, but because they've done an inferior lished school authority. If the admini­ courses, more black teachers, the firing job of taking part in it" . strators were uncooperative, the students __-J of some administrators and teachers, simply refused to deal with them. l__ Malcolm Taylor was removed. the serving of soul-food in school cafe­ terias. Where Does It All Come From? ment, as well as the general discontent Discipline in this society, has not only. filtered Black History At Emeryville High School nine black The disturbances in Oakland schools down to the high schools ... it has students blocked a doorway and the school Most schooladminstrators and teachers, clearly reflect the depth to which revolt recently been invigorated and strengthened was closed for that day. One admini­ has penetrated in 1968 America. In som,~ by mUtant actions of high school students. when pressured, and almost all stUdents, strator couldn't understand why some black and white, termed the demand for ca'3'~", white students sided with black Many high school students took part black students had objected when the students against administrators, or in in the stop the Draft Weeks, the riots black history "legitimate." . course which was being taught in black There were exceptions. For example, support of the black demands. in Berkeley, the Free Huey demonstra­ history was integrated. In some cases too the demands involved tions, the actions in Chicago. Oakland Stuart Phillips, Oakland Superintendent Emeryville High did not call in the School~, things like more black porn-porn girls -­ seel,1S a good example of black high of said that there now is a police. They instead sought "dialogue." course in Mexican-American history at seemingly surface things which spoke for school students working effectively on After a prolongued assembly in the gym­ a larger and less articulated protest their own base, their own place ofwork -­ Fremont High ... soon there'll be de­ nasium, peace was restored. mands for Oriental history ... against the status-quo and the racist nature the school itself -- forcing once all­ The refusal to call police prompted of the schools. But often, as in Vallejo, powerfUl school boards and administra­ And a parent said, «They should pro­ reaction. One mother said, "discipline vidE: for themselves, just as other minori­ student demands escalated consciously tors to yield, at least fai' the time being. was more stringent when Iwas a child ... from small demands to broader ones, FI'Om aU indications, high school students ties have done. Have a second school people thought of you as a child and treat­ after the regular one. There should be as Black Student Unions formed to con­ in Oakland are just beginning to move. ed you as a child, Even if things weren't tinue the struggle. no special emphasis on any ethnic group" • •• NOVEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 7 therefore it drives their creativity out of ization will naturally follow. People will the system. Once their creativity isdriven need to organize. photo: Jeffry Blankfort out of the system it seeks new areas MOVEMENT; What kinds of organizatj.on and so_a whole counter system is createo come to mind? There's been a lot of out of .the desire of people to express talk about new forms of organization.•• themselves. JERRY: The problem right now is Qot MOVEMENT: Is that all that's needed for organization and I doll't think abol~t that a revolution? mUCh. The problem is reaching people JERRY: No. But its a prerequisite. Be­ and whatever kind of organization is cause if the society satisfies the needs needed to do that is the right one. We of people to express themselves then it':'~ don't first have to think ll.bout how we impossible to have revolutionary condi­ make decisions or how we control var­ tions no matter what the economic re­ ious groups; the main thing is to effect lationships are. But getting back to the it. As the need changes the form of drug question--you asked about the bust. organization I suppose will chan/?,,:,. Up .~jil now the bust was a pos1t1ve thing. Eventually there wUl be a greater If I gi:l to jail it will be a negative thing. need for secrecy, need for going under­ "But we shouldn't look upon~arrests as' ground, a much greater need for dis­ negative things--arrests are important. cipline, a much greater togetherness. MOVEMENT: How was your arrest im­ But it cannot be invented out of thin portant? air; and it ~an' t be invented because JERRY: It. dramatized to thousands of Lenin did it and therefore we should people, because it got wide word of do it if we want to be like Lenin. It mouth aQ,d underground publicity" that can only be created when it is organic if you smoke pot you are an outlaw and to our enviornment. Right now .it just anytime the • Man" may come in and in­ isn't organic. vade your sacred palace, your borne. So like it was a theatre. The cops who arrested me said' all the right things, Haven't Changed TheirrLives the right lines, they beat me up; that ~, ') was necessary. What happened to me in i' .' the context of the East Village was al­ MOVEMENT: Yeh, ·but we've involved a lot most a model arrest in terms of pot. of people in 7 or 8 years, do you think it's necessary now to develop skeletonorgani­ zation/? among these people, beginning these organizations for them to carry out their jobs of going out to educate and prop. agandize? JERRY: What I see is that a lot of people have been involved but have not changed their lives. TheY've gone to demonstrations but then they've joined the un!versity or gotten into something in which their lives are at least somewhat happy or satisfying. The take-off period for the movement, 1959.1966, was a transitional period for many people who then rejoined the society. The next generation's view ofthe move­ ment will be how they live. The movement will be their way of life. They won't want to go into the Army, they won't During the last several years a movement has grown be interested in jobs. They won't want to go to school. It'll be the whole life among young people who are alienated from American experience, that'll be the movement. And society and friendly in many ways to the left. They have The mistake we made was emphasizing that will be a together movement because childre~ too much that it was a political arrest. everybody will be doing it all ofthe time. been labeled hippies" flower freaks, yippies We should have emphasized stronger that The organization will change as the etc. They have played an important part in all of the every pot arrest is a political arrest, energy changes and it will take care of mass actions that the movement has been engaged in because everything is political. How a itself. But I.think the first thing is that person lives and what he smokes is you've got to totally, full-time live what over "the last"'Jew years. They were espe.cially important political and tqe fact that another group you're thinking. can arrest him for that is an example MOVEMENT: That implies that every- ~ at the Pentagon, the Oakland Induction Center, Chicago of being fucked over politically. one become a Jerry Rubin to be in the and Berkeley and they have been in constant conflict When it happened I was scared, angry, movement. What about those people who totally helpless. I kept thinking of all live more or less normal lives, but who with the police as they develop a new kind of Ustreet the bad consequences, the years in jail consider themselves political? culture"• ••.but when I left jail there were 15 fri­ JERRY: They play the role they feel ends cheering and hugging. I said•..how they play. To me the only way to change Yet the political le1 has been slow in understanding come this is a bad experience? It could the country is to first totally change your be a good experience too because it's relationship to it and that's when the coun­ them. This is partly ecause we have often viewed them another thing to mobilize around. After try will really be hurt. Its hard for me as "freaks" and faile to listen to what they have to say. all, I am political and I smoke pot and to understand people that stay in the they are going to come after me so why university structure and work for degrees This has decreased srlnce Stop the Draft Week, the Pen- and for honors and so forth, even if ~ I should I be angry when it happens? Rather tagon, Chicago ana Berkeley. •I should say that's the way the system they're Marxists, or demonstrate. Most works, so the system exposes itself and of their energy is going into what makes Jerry Rubin is one of the most articulate spokesman we can now organize against it even more. America America. MOVEMENT: How are you going to use MOVEMENT: You see no role for radi­ for certain elements of this group, especially the Yippies. the case to organize? cals in the University? Just before Rubin left for Washington to appear before the JERRY: Well I don't think that organizing JERRY: To destroy it or to drop out. necessarily takes placeby sending mailing I can't see how you can be a r.evolu­ HUAC investigation of the Chicago demonstrations the lists or forming organizations. Organ­ tionary in 1968 and be in the univer­ MOVEMENT spent a few hours rapping with Jerry. The izing means making things clear to people, sity playing the universitie's games. I making things personal to them, You have I can see how you can be there for a follOWing is sections of that conversation: to do that. Every pot arrest becomes a certain time to organize and subvert and public story...people talking about their burn the place down. I give a six-month 'fHE MOVEMENT; We should have, for own fears and fantasies...So I think my limit to that. Anyone who is there past our first psychedelic issue, a full page arrest made the legalization of marijuana six months and hasn't yet taken a long picture of Jerry.•.in color. and the revolution one tiny, tiny step step toward burning it down is jiving. JERRY RUBIN; And it has at the end closer. I can see them dropping out... the question--what do you notice in this picture--a beret, the bullets, the Viet­ Cong pajamas? or the painted tits? And Pll bet that most people will THINK the painted tits and SAY something else. !II f~:s , MOVEMENT: Put the bandolier on for a " minute--I just "had an "idea for a MOVE":' -" MENT contest. JERRY: A great idea may be hatched here--I hope so. MOVEMENT: We'll take a photo and give a free subscription to everybody who can tell us how many bullets Jerry has on his bandolier. JERRY: It's impossible to count. MOVEMENT: No, just those on the front, '~.i That'll build cirCUlation. ')J JERRY: Yeh, free subs--cause everyone can count the bullets.•. ,How the Grass Grows MOVEMENT: Jerry, you face a drug charge in New York. What do you have to say about drugs? JERRY: The thing about marijuana is its Problem not Organization pleasure and not its cost...We should talk Economic schemes about its pleasure...1 think it's-important ct"lsscrossing in your mind. Creativity is MOVEMENT: You're talking about org­ for me to say that most of the important directly related to the making of a rev­ anizing and it sounded more like what's MOVEMENT: What about those! who ha>:e things I do I do under drugs. I find that olution. Creativity is revolutionary. often called education. Is that all you dropped out but can't find a good enough drugs, especially marijuana, increase MOVEMENT: Did you say ,creativity' is mean? hustle and have to go along with the system creativity--increase your ability to break revolution or revolutionary? JERRY: Well at this stage we don't have in one way or another in order to eat? out of verbal boxes, break out of habitual JERRY: Revolutionary. In other words enough people with us so really what we JERRY; I don't think its that expensive to thinking. It breaks down that kind of anyone who is creative is by definition are about is education and reaching and live in America. I think we live off the logic you learn in schooL.that ABCD,' revolutionary. The thing about America involving people. When we have people country's fat. Depending upon what your chronological shit. Things break out of is that it prevents people from being more involved and when the society is material goals are you can live in the your mind from all parts...airplanes creative in the status quo institutions and striking us. repressing us harder, organ- big cities pretty easily and have part-

PAGE 8 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 time jobs and maybe if you are really organize into one total force would be pushed real communes will spring up. lLI{2 overwhelming--and he lumps us all Like one person would work a year together. So that brings us together' cause and support everybody. We'll have to figure it makes one thing out of us and I think out all these economic schemes. Even­ we are one thing although we're not tually we'll have to build our own economic conscious of it. system; our own self-sufficing economic I think W2 have to do what we do and system in which people take responsibility take our ch'lnces, because we have to economically for their brothers. So far act as totally free people or otherwise· in the movement we all work together to we'll have to give everything up. The plan demonstrations, to put out news­ election corn 9S up and I have to ask papers, but we don't relate to one an­ myself, "What in my most total freedom other's lives; personal lives. We don't would I want to do?~ I'd say,well I want much care and actually our attitude toward to go into the streets .and show !II;; 'SJ~nton ~ one another in that respect is as bad I aoo.lt it. And I think we always have to think as AmerIca's attitude, the average have that kind of total parsonal hO'wsty American's attitude. The movement does not enter into the personal realm of how MOVEMENT;~u~ That.'s quite an emQtional ~ "J people relate to others as living, sur­ way of ""pressing themselves ·and you .. viving people. would agree that not everybody would be ~ But I think that's only because we art expressing their tgtal fredom by doing ~ in a transitional period. We carne out of that. There are alternatives... n .. the 1950" and we're like the first people. JERRY: No, No. I think people are basic- ~ The next generationI think will define these ally emotional and I think that reason is ;. , . ~ things much more as public problems and used to give justification for fears. I don't will form cooperatives. think anybody intellectualizes himselfinto ..'\ A:ld I think it's also possible that if becoming a revolutionary. He feels that he we were really together we could go to just abr,l):utl~',y needs to do this and the the li~ral middle that exists and steal intellectualism is most usually an exc from them. There are a lot of guilty Li.ke I have a feeling that when people go '\ \ '­ 40, 50, or 60 year olds around who if to demonstrations the demands that are we really laid it out to them and Said made, the issues that are raised are ... "Look there are 10,000 of us and we're really irrelevant to why they came. together, we're not working anym,xe, They're here because they want to we're living together and we're fUll-. pick up girls, they want to have a good time agitators, all the time; nothing else, time, they want to be where the action that's our sole life. Yo~"re not doing that is, they want to fight the cops, they ..•support five of us every year. want to make history, they want to do I think there are ways to fucking beat something unusual. It's all personal and the system and that people aren't doing emotional reasons and' then YOu hear all that is an indication that it isn't a big the intellectualizations, the battle of the problem. But the need wJll create the leaflets, and mar. there are a lot of. crazy answer. The n':led will create the org­ people here really acting on some nutty anization to do it as a matter of fact. levels...there's a leaflet aboutMarxism, who the hell knows from his Marxism?

Elections are a P.R. trick

MOVEMENT: What do you think about the elecao.1;,? JERRY: I'd Lke to see us stop them. I think probably we can't physically stop MOVEMENT: What about Wallace's poten­ them because it would be too many felony tial and indicated support in the white \~ raps for too many people, but I think we__ working class...that's a powerful class to /;;J!It can steal the election because the election deal with, the industrial workers...? to be talked about--and I know a little JERRY: Basically what we are saying is is primarily a media message to the world JERRY: I think the youth of some of· bit about this because I was a reporter-·. shit on middle-class America and we are and a media message to the American those workers are undergoing experiences that there is a lot of freedom for the in­ a new breed. People see us and hear people. So we can steal the m.;>dia. that will make them qualitatively diff­ dividual reporter...that paper is going to about us and we're identifying with the Elections are basically a public rela­ erent. Voting is not important anyway. report us as long as we are news. And enemy, we're growing our hairlong,we're tions trick that we can destroy because The thing is that they're not going to de­ news means as long as he can impress not taking baths, we'refuckingwithevery­ we can become more newsworthythan the fine their personal ego with the American his editor that it will seli papers, which one else, we're spitting, we're standingon election since the election is not an in­ national ego because it's too identified means people care. about it. I think that our heads, we're saying we don't Ukeyour teresting athletic event and it's primarily with failure. They're losing in Vietnam there will be a point when that'll be careers, we don't like your degrees, we just an athletic event. and they krD'N that cause they have friends closed off to us, that whole thing, that don't like your wars, we don't care what So we go into the streets and police­ over there, so a lot of them are close the media will be taken over and run you think of us, we're getting arrested-" demonstrator theatre becomes fantastic­ to that. They're losing in Vietnam and differently, that's true. Then I think we'll going to jailwiththe niggers. I mean Jesus, ally interesting. They'll dramatize it and we're going to be into much more ex­ be large enough that we may have our you know, a good boy like you doesn't sensationalize it and the words will go off citing things that will relate to them on own media••. belong in jail. And so we're anewbreed-­ that the American elections•.•it'll get so an action level. And it's going to look When the media covers us the images are we take dope--exotic religion, strange extreme...First of all they'll militarily like people versus police and they're not youth versus cops, long-hair versus short . customs, you know we look Uke the mm over-react. They'll be clubs when they going to like just doing what their fathers hair, .people inthe streets unarmed against from Mars, and thatis likea total message don't have to. They'll make it seem that did, that's going to be a drag. armed people, people fighting for a cause to middle-class America. people are two days away from taking over MOVEMENT: Yes, but WOUldn't you say and people just carrying out brute force.. It's a message of baby you are over, we the country. Two days away from bringing the Wallace movement has the potential and I don't care what their words are, they don't like it, we don't want to repeat what the big cities to a halt when actually you to go beyond electoral forms, in that it can use any words they want. A little kid you did, you are over. I mean that's the know if the truth was known we're feeble seems to have the most life of any estab­ watching that sees the black hats and the message to young, little kids, you know. you know so... lishment oriented political movement at white hats and sees people he identifies This is where its at, this is another road MOVEMENT: We have a saying that you this time. It has the potential to grow and with against other people. So it's by def­ to live. There's a whole different way, a can't build a movement on bullshit and the potential to go into the streets. inition revolutionary. totally different way--come on. isn't that creating kind of a bullshit illu­ JERRY: I don't know. I don't think that I think the only thing that really reaches Don't pay attention to what your parents, sion as bullshitty as the farce of the its just a matter of them waiting to move. people, that really has like mass effect your teachers, your ministers, your doc­ elections themselves? I don't know exactly what it is... on consciousness is the media. So I'm tors, your neighbors say, they don't know JERRY: No, it isn't. First of all its a MOVEMENT: I wasn't thinking of wait­ interested in projecting what I am to lots' nothing. Listen instead to the freaky,crazy tactic and it produces results so let's ing to move, but rather of feeding and of people. I don't see any other qUicker people that everybody puts down and then do it.•. growing in response... way to do it using 20th century m':lthods, come live with us and the whole thing. We MOVEMENT: Like what? JERRY: In response to what....? which we have to use, because that's how have invited every young kid inthe country JERRY: Right now a kid growing up in MOVEMENT: In response to us and in the man uses it. The power people use the to change his life so we had better create America who' . like 10 years old when he response to the collapse of the liberal media. We are no weapon against them that alternative economy which will make thinks of the possibilitieshe thinks of hippy center. if we are going to wave our movement it possible. or not hippie. I mean that's like two diff­ JERRY: I don't know, it may, so what? I newspapers and our leaflets and our Sproul erent Americas. He like has a choice. think that if you want to organizethe work­ Hall rallies while they're using television. If he grows his hair long the kidswill call ing class then you have to act in certain I mi~an Jesus, look at Bobby Kennedy, Panther-Yippie him hippy; if he smokes pot then he says ways they respect. And one of the '.vays everything he did was to consider tele­ maybe I'll get into the drug culture; if he they respect is that a guy has _the balls vision because he knew television was the goes to demonstrations its a big act. So its to say what he wants to say and do what single way to control the country. MOVEMENT: Tell us something aboutyou hippy or not hiRPY thats like thetwo choices. he wants to do and just goes right ahead I think that most people very, very and Eldridge, the Ylppie-Panther alliance Its not like Democrat or RepUblican. and uses the necessary force to carry it much, unconsciously or habitually use and all that kind of stuff. Thats no choice anymore. out. And that's my program for the left. the media to make decisions in the move­ JERRY: Well I can only talk from my own We have created an opposite pole of I think that kind. of left the working ment and if we were conscious about it perspective. I saw the Panther-Peace and energy way beyond our numbers but be­ class. will understand. They understood we could control it; and it has to be con­ Freedom alliance as a necessary one, but cause our spirit and our energy and our we went to Chicago and we were driven trolled because there are very great dan­ one that was not helpful to the white creativity to totally redefine what America out of the park and we stayed to make gers in it. I'm aware of the dangers and cornmunity because it madedemands on the nH>.ans to young kias growing up...And as much trouble as possible because we I think...1 consider myself really able to white community which were much less I think that its a safe poker gamble to got thrown out of the park. We didn't control it because I am aware of how im­ demanding and courageous than the de­ r,ay that we're going to win an awful lot. go pass out no leaflets, we didn't kneel portant it is and how dangerous it is. mands it made on the -black community. MO'IEMENT \l'~ we ready to deal with on our knees saying, -Oh please" and Most people just like are uncritical To blacks it Said,"Getyour shit together this powerful system's going into a pa:"'.­ ciVil.lsobedien.,;,,'. Martin Luther King, about it because all they do is talk bad and become a total revolutionary against noid trip, especially with some of the you know we said fuck it. I dig that basic about it while all their actions take it the system". To the whites it said, -Be­ rest of the country moving right? Americana which I think is the core of totally into effect. That's connected to come a part or full-time worker in an JERRY: You could say the tight wing the Wallace movement and the core of the fact that the new left is so ideological electoral party which is trying to appeal is going to come down hard on us and the white working class. We'll have to and so separated from action 9 That the to all Americans". I understood it,though, turn us into heroes. That the moment work on that. people on the campus movements who are because I understood the political atmos­ they start taking away our brothers 15 Marxists never really know about what's phere of the West ·Coast and the effect or 20 other brothers are going to appear. happening in the country and they are of the Huey Newton case, and I thought That people's committment is going to really swimming in their own rhetoric. that it was a necessary step to give the triple. I mean that's a possibi.lity, that' s And most every idea that comes in is Panthers some liberated territory to a real possibility. judged in terms of their rhetoric; every ally with the Peace and Freedom Party. LBJ has helped us grow. Also I want MOVEMENT: Why do you think the press question in terms of their rhetoric; and I also accept that the Peace and Freedom to say that I like George Wallace. He has done so much for us? It seems that they're playing a rhetoric ballgame. Party was probably the only ihing going right now is the most important left in a large sense the media has created What happens, praytell,ifyour rhetoric at that time in the white community. wing organizer in the movement. much of the movement? does not !it in any way to how people But the message to whites and toblacks George Wallace brings it all back horne. JERRY: A generation which turns against live, relate. If your rhetoric does not has to be the same. That white and black He brings it all together. He says he is the society in all sorts of personal and apply in any way.•.you're radicals? No, is a state of mind and you'reas repressed opposed to the intellectuals, beatniks, an­ collective ways-- that is the most fascinat­ I think radicals means you make change and oppressed as you feel, and whites archists, nigger-lovers, university people ing thing about America today. not that you think radical thoughts. ... He takes every category that we would A capitalistically run media, which MOVEMENT: What are you trying to pro­ love to organize--that if we could ever wants to sell papers, and wants the papers ject in the media? CONTI NUED ON PAGE 10'

NOVEfV12 ER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 9 but for values, people m'..kin~ the revolu­ tion against boredom" People making the OUR GENERATION revolution becal!,'i'~ they have nothing else to do. People born past the 1950 mark and LARGEST NEW LEFT QUARTERLY who have experienced a new kind of Amer­ IN NORTH AMERICA ica. W,'~ll, that's the class. MOVEMENT: Do ~hese class lines cut \ SPECIAL ISSUE ONE (208 PAGES) across age lines? Generation gaps? STUDENTS JERRY: For individuals. Age is only a matter of how you feel. Like Bertrand AND Russel is our leader. REVOLUTION MOVEMENT: He's a Yippie leader? JERRY: One of the leaders; there are lots of leaders, but he's a.o.l old Yippie there IN FRANCE bouncing away. GERMANY MOVEMENT: It's my recollection that very recently you passed the age of 30, USA traditionally known as the age of trust. ETC. Is that so? JERRY: Yeah, but don't you remember about 7 months before my birthday I F .C. HUNN IUS wrote a big article in which I said you can't trust anybody over 35. I was laying ERIC MANN my own ground there. DANIEL COHN BENDIT JOHN AND MARGARTE ROWNTREE F.Z. FRIENDENBURG DIMITRIOS RoussoPouLos AND OTHERS.

have got to do the same thing blacks SUBSCRIPTIONS $5 have got to do. And they have to give up :i837 ST. LAURENT their privill?ges a!id. join the revolution MONTREAL 18, QUEBEC and make it a revolutionary thing and not just a black thing. CANADA I think strangely enough the people that have done that hav~ been the people that are popularly called hippies, because in WRITE FOR FREE LITERATURE defining themselves as totally, freakish­ LISTS looking visual outsiders--and long hair """ti" may be the most important political issue in America today; think about it, everybody always talks about long hair...I'm not \ for ending the war, just all those long haired people are" , you k~n9.vi. So long hair' c} is a critical, critical issue. They have de­ fined themselves, whether they decided to intellectually or not, into another class. And the police respond the same; going MOVEMENT: You mean all of us old STUDIES ON THE LEIT after long hair at a demonstration or an people have been given a reprieve•.•We what they are doing. The new left seemed event, of course. And that actually is more have five extra years of breath;.ng space? (50~/copy) alienating in Amarica than just being a very unsatisfying because it was not cul­ JERRY: Yeah. We're the generation that Back l.ssues are available radical in your head, while looking, acting tural. It did not relate to music; it did-'l't grew up in the late forues and early from New York Regional SDS, and living like the average American. relate to style of life; it didn't relate fifties and we have a spoon in our mouths. , 131 Prince Street, New York 10012; That's the cultural revolution which was a . to. the way people looked; it didn't re­ We'll have eternal youi:h., So every gen­ . available are ,Vol. I, #3; IT,' #1, 2, 3; transformation of people'S values and late to how people loved and the hippie eration now b:lcom,~s part of the youth ITI, #1, 2, 3, 4; IV, #1, 2, 3, 4; V, #1, lives. I think that Eldridge is very aware movement was in its most I am all alone category with the paople who areyoungest 2, 3; V'I, #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, '6; VIT, #1, 2. of what is happening in the white com munity and I am one aspects. It had separated in that youth category being the most and very aware that the direct threat to itself from the action and. passion of turned on, explosive and the vanguard, the old values, which immediately becomes everyday existence. . except for individuals who can keep pace how you live, is potentially revolutionary So there had to be like a middle point. with them, who can keep space with them. • - and that's the thing to link up with. Our slogan was; Rise up and aban,jon Because ii's a generational youth thing _ the creeping meatball. We demand the because our generation experienced cer- _ politics of ecstacy. If people could be tain things. I mean that's how I inter­ HUEY One is Out, happy with those then you und 3rstood pret the Free Speech Movement; it was what Yippies was because Yippies was saying we're a new group of people with One Wants Out a matter of feeling. It didn't have a a new class of interests. So... Continued from Pg;3 political program, just a style, a feeling. MOVEMENT: We can st1ll trust you, is One group that has never been in the Burning money was sort of our internal that what you are saying? And we can , as well as stringent legal grounds. It American system and the other group symbol of what we were all about. The all be trusted for an exl:ra five years. _,challenged not only the prosecution ass­ that wants out, that's the link up. And death of an old value system. Also it Can we hope for another proclamation _ essment of the shooting, but the entire I.think that's a similiar thinking that was a movement very much based on .in five years to extend us for another Iframework of racist injustice, both in the Yippies are involved in. The Yippies laughing at what exists. Running a pig five? I guess that depends on what we do. the courtroom and on the streets. sense that what we are trying to create for President. Satirizing. JERRY: Yeah, trust comes out of action. Because of the mass exhiliaration of is a -population of freaks who are out of Trust comes out of action. • the defense work (an important indication the system, treated as such and there­ of strength in itself) some people al­ fore become enemies because of their One Dimensional Left ternated between super optimism as to existence. Their existence determine~ its outcome, and a political despair should them as enemies. And so that black­ MOVEMENT: Would you like to elaborate it not come out well. white alliance will be an alliance that on some of your criticisms of the left They have learned from Huey Newton's makes them enemies of America. As I in this country and .vhy you think a new long-range and selfless attitude. They have understand it that's some of the back­ style is needed? learned better the nature of the system-- ground for Cleaver deciding that it was JERRY: The left Is one dimensional. and that it w1ll take more than momentary important now to recognize another el­ It's like only on the political level an:! triumph or defeat to bring it down. The ement in the white community and to say it's fighting only with 19th century wea­ mass defense has raised the political that that was what they had to relate pons and it isn't interested in the total consciousness of many people, black and to. revolution. It's not into sex, it's not white. I think broadly speaking that element into music, it's not into the way people In his statement OQ the verdict Huey is Yippies, street people--there is a live. And I think Yippies is into all Newton pointed out: "We have just started •definite thing With street people, it exists those things. Not successfully, but it's fighting and now we must fight to the in NY and I think it exists here. High stumbling into all those things and only finish and the finish w1ll be when all school kids, all the long-haired kids in awaits to be replaced by people who can black men are freed from jails and pri­ it the country today, and SDS people. _" do better. I think its very important sons in this racist country. At this time MOVEMENT: What the fuck are the Yippies for Yippies to affect the political left we must fight on a political level and anyway? as any other group, as any other group. on a judicial level, we must influence JERRY: First of all it's a joke. Its pur­ Because the political left gets into very the courtroom and we can do this by pose is to freak out the left as m:.Ich as bad bags. uniting and for black people and for freaking out the middle and the right. I saw people's attitude to the Yippies all revolutionary 'peOPle black and white, It's a figment of our imagination, which when that started. That's some kind of to send letters into the court and es­ also is very real. There ate long-haired indication. I saw how it was put down, calate the propaganda throughout the freaks who are politically active, and I heard the putdowns. The putdowns were world so we w1l1 expose the hypocrisy take drugs and have a vast generalized a revelation of the people putting down, of the judicial system. I am very sure rebell10n about them, anarchistically as ,'loU putdowns are. They didn't teli that we will be very successful and drawn and like' are turned on by things.· m", too much' about Yippies but they that we will get a new trial not because That's the population of people who com,~ told me about that person. Pretty much of the kindness that the appellate courts under the yippia's masses. And like I the GUARDIAN and the MOVEMENT ig­ w1ll show us but because of the political saw that at the Pentagon. So after th~ nored it; that was significant. A great pressure that we have applied to the experience at the Pentagon some of us part of the left ignored it. Another part establishment and we w1ll do this by who didn't feel comfortable in the pol­ of the left attacked it by saying- it was organizing the community so that they itical organizations because they never not political even though at th'3 sam~· time . can display their w1ll. The will of the . talked about our lives and felt a com­ it criticized it for organizing the Chi­ _ black people must be done and I would pulsion to be involved in action felt cago thing; some sort of contradiction. - like to compliment the people on the re- they needed to create a whole new style So very few p·aople on the left under­ volutionary fervor that they have shown and I think the Yippl.es are more of a stood what it was all about. thus far. They have been very beauti­ style than an organization. And"so we got We consider ourselves part of the fUl and they have exceeded my expect­ high a few nights and created a vision revolutionary class. Most people do not ations. I,.et us go on outdoing ourselves, for Chicago. consider themselves part of the revolu­ a revolutionary man always transcends MOVEMENT: What kind of people were tionary class. They look to another class himself or otherwise he is not a revo­ involved? to make the revolution. But I consider I_ lutionary man, so we always do what JERRY: About 30 to 40 people. People myself part of the revolutionary class. _ we ask of ourselves or more than what who are very much into theatrical things MOVEMENT: What class is that? we know we can do. We have the people and freak things, very ego orientedpeople, JERRY; The class of the drop-out middle behind us that we are always success­ people who are like very personally in class whites. Refugees from the SUburbs. ful, the people collectively.• People fighting not for material goods,

PAGE 10 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 COTU~£IA UNIVERSITY IS BEST KNOWN FOR:

(Check C~ne).

o Its pioneering role :l.n• gym construction o Its co~fortable camping facilities D Its pro~imity to ghettos and police stations o Dwight D. Eisenhower C Mark Rudd

Throughout the brief history of the New In every political movement there are events of great Left, and SDS in particular, we have importance; events which either at the time or in retro­ had trouble reconciling the intellectual and the activist, the sensitive and the spec t stand out as watersheds in the historyof the struggle. courageous, the practical and the mili­ In the student movement in the United States today the tant. With a few exceptions, most SDS chapters followed one of two stereotypic rebellion at Columbia University last May is ASSUMED patterns: 1. the" reasonable" chapter-­ '.vell-liked by liberal students, intellect­ ~ to be just such an event. On universities all around the ually more cogent than its liberal oppo­ country radicals with glee and administrators with gloom sition, usually opposed to specific mili­ tant tactics as precipitous, sees "turning talk about their schools being turned into "Columbias". people off" as the worst danger, led Z Despite all the talk about creating 2, 3, many Cohlmbias by people who don't have a very ·opti­ mistic view about the possibilities of ~ the radical student movement in this country has not really changing the country. 2. the "kamikaze" chapter -- Leavy on revolutionary rhetor­ analyzed the events -that transpired there. We can assume ic. frequently isolated from its potential ~ that our enemies have. base, action-oriented, able to move on national campaigns like Dow Chemical, In order for a political movement to grow it must con­ but usually unable to initiate mass action ~ stantly analyze and learn from its experiences. This is on its own because its base is too small. Luckily, in th e past year, several chap­ especially true when the events raise the struggle to a ters have moved towards a synthesis ~ level. of those two tendencies, and are moving .new in the direction of relatively small campus With these thoughts in mind the MOVEMENT publishes groups -- (40-100) with a larger nu.nber ~ of sympathetic contacts who are the base this special four page supplement onthe struggle at Columbia for militant mass action. ~ University last May. The article was written by Eric Mann In the case of the Columbia chapter this synthesis took place not before, of New England Regional SDS and originally appeared in but during the mass strike.. Up Ulltil ~ OUR GENERATION, a Canadian magazine. The version a few months before the strike, the Columbia chapter, while not fitting neatly printed here was edited by members of the MOVEMENT into either of the two chapter models, 00. could have been described as a "reason­ staff with the assistance of Mark Rudd, President of the able chapter" in spite of its strong desire Columbia chapter of SDS during the struggle. not to be. Led by a group referred to as the "Praxis Axis" (so named because most of its people were close to the Praxis ~ group who introduced discussions of the ***** **** ************************ new working class into SDS debate) the chapter had been losing its sense of direction and internal energy. While not opposed to militant action, the chapter <~ I pa~~ U Turn to the next .••. .~ ~ ~ <~ 00. ~ « ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o u

photu: N.Y. Newsreel The man in the middle is: a) Grayson ~ir~, b) a plainclothes cop, c) an IDA sro"~s·'an

NOVEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 11 COl.mB IA EXA~1 -CONTINUED YOU HAVJ had directed almost all of its attention follows: the original strike committee Students were surprisingly open to this---defeated. Thus, in the • content" part to the issue of campus recruiting by claimed to represent 700 people -- ap­ analysis, and within a few days after of the resolution the six demands were the armed forces and corporations with Proximately the number ofpeople,arrested the bust, the six demands re-emerged overwhelmingly supported. But then, in strong ties to the war machine. Most in the building Tuesday morning. Using as the central issues of the strike. the second part of the voting, on "struc­ of the attempts at organizing militant a formula of one delegate for every During the lengthy debate on the pro­ ture" , the stipulation that the delegates actions were effectively parried by ad­ 70 people represented, the orginal strike posals, two major trends were clear; had to support the very same six demands ministration tactics like calling off visits committee would have ten delegates. It there was widespread distrust of 1:>DS, that had been voted on by the body be­ of recruiters, and student,. ,government was also proposed that the black students and there was widespread confusion among' came a controversial issue. inspired referenda in which the students in Harr.ilton Hall would get three delegates. the students. Speakers were able to score voted overwhelmingly for '·open recruit- If the formula were strictly applied, the points easily by charging SDS with mani­ ing" . ' black students would gf'!t only one dele­ pUlation, or with trying to take over the By early spring a group within the gate, because they numbered about 100; strike. Students who had stayed on the Complexity of Dynamics chapter, emphasisil),g the need for con­ but Rudd explained that their import&.Ilce sidelines for a week, criticizing the fron~ation politics, 'supported Mark Rudd to the strike and their initial role couldn' t methods used by the demonstrators, now After the meeting the only option open for chairman. Rudd's election, in half­ be measured strictly in numerical terms. talked about SDS trying to take over· to SDS was to organise like hell during serious chapter rhetoric, was halled as This suggestion was unanimously support­ "our" strike. Anti-radical liberals (as the next two days to elect as many people the victory of the • Action Faction" over ed by the body. One delegate for every opposed to the many liberal students who' as possible to the new strike coorilinating the "Praxis Axis." 70 students WHO SUPPORTED THE ORI­ were open to the left) used rhetorical committee who were committed to the On April 26, after a week of student GINAL DEMANDS OF THE STRIKE would tricks to encourage distrust. orginial six demands. The possibllties occupation of the university, the New be added to this origina} base of 13 The vast majority of the speakers for winning a large majority were good York City police department brutally delegates. came out against having the six demands because 1. SDS had quickly grown to arrested over 700 students. as a prerequisite. Judging by the crowd's represent large numbers of students on I arriyed at Columbia the day after Crucial Meeti'ng reaction to the speakers, I was sure that the campus, 2. the vote on the "content" the mast. arrests. In a' week's time the Grad-Fac's motion would be'passed. ,part of Uie resolution had been over­ 'the chapter had grown from a fairly A few alternate pr,>posalswere offered But when the ,vote was taken, the SDS­ whelmingly behind---the six demands, 3. . small striking force, to a much larger from the floor, but the most serious sponsored resolution got over 75% of the Mark's "magnanimous" gesture had fur­ , striking force with more buildings being threat to the SDS proposal was offered vote. But when the Grad-Fac's resolu­ ther increased SDS popularity, and 4. ,seized, to a provisional insurrectionary by a group called Grad-:Facs (Graduate tion came up, over 60% voted for it many of the liberals who had voted for student government the day after the FaCUlty). The speaker for the Grad-· too. The vote made severalpoints clear: the Grad-Fac's resolution were not op­ first bust. Fac's proposal was an articulate liberal 1. Despite a great deal of verbal hosti­ posed to the six demands, but were hung­ He argued as follows: ·Wnile we owe' lity- directed at SDS, when it came down up on making them a·compulsory" pre­ . Relationship Between Police And a great deal of gratitude to the :1r~gL1'l1 t9 a vote, many of the people who ap­ requisite for candidates. Supporting Base group that was willing to take action, plaUded speakers who criticisedSDS ended The next two days provided the first the REALITY (how liberals love reality!) up voting for the SDS proposal out of example of grass roots democracy that It Is certainly true that the issue of of the situation is that the strike is now a grUdging sense of respect.' 2. The fact Columbia students had ever experienced. police on campus led to increased stu- much broader than they ever expected, that two contradictory resolutions 'won Thousands of students were scurrying i dent support of the people ,who seized and in order to make the strike com­ a majority' indicated the confused and all over campus organising groups and the buildings. However, thl:! frequently­ mittee truly representative we must not fluid nature of the politics of many of talking po~itics. Not at mass meetings made statement that until the'police bust;' force candidates running for the steering the stUdents. where 30:1 they ~ad to do was to shut up the demonstrators were isolated from committee to accept the six demmds of listen, and then vote, but dozens of sepa­ most of the stUdents, isn't accurate. the strike." Delegates should be free At that"point some fo;iii of revote would rate meetings that they had organized Shortly after the buildings were occupied, ,0', to run as long as they support the strike. have had to be taken to choose between and run themselves. a poll showed that a large majority They need not support the specific de­ the two positions. But before that could of the students were in accord with the mands of the strike. Although everyone happen, a unique quirk of history took SDS-Led Majority issues of the demonstration, but that was using the word strike, it became clear place. One of the members of thestrike a large majority were opposed to the that although the students were unitcd committee came running over to Mark tactics used. This ambivalence led to in ,.staying out of classes, they were far Rudd and said, • Accept the proposal, When the new strike coordin'ltin!~ ::om­ lar-ge numbers of studentsn2ither actively from united on the political direetiol. 'otherwi&e we'll have a bad split on our mittee convened, SDS had WOIl '\ ill1j-:>rity. opposing nor supporting the demonstrat­ of the strike. ' hands." In the tremendous confusion of Of the 70 delegates, slightly more than ors. But, as the shock of the original the moment Rudd walked over to the micro­ half were solidly radical, and could be tactics wore off and the reality of the The Six Demands As A Definition phone and said, "W(~withdrawourmotion." counted on all of the time. About another students in the bUildings became an es­ of Politics 'The place went wild. The liberals were 10-15 were very receptive to radical tablished fact, more and more students The offical «six demands of the strike" hysterical, not because they particularly arguments, and although they sometimes came to support the action, despite their were: 1. The university must break all un1erstood the differences between the voted with the moderates, they felt un­ I tactical misgivings. Thus, the police busts ties, with I.D.A. 2. Construction of the proposals, but because it' was a con­ comfortable voting against the radical : certainly helped develop support for the gym must be terminated. 3. A permanent cession from the radicals Tneir co­ position. Thus, on some issues the radi­ strike, but their primary effect was to student-faculty commission, democrati­ existing fear of_ and attraction to the cals would win by only three or four move large numbers of students from cally elected, must be established to hear radicals had been reconciled to their votes, on (>thers they would win by a and pass binding judgement on all future great relief. Although it would be short­ strong majority; but there was never disciplinary actions. 4. All legal charges lived, they were now clearly willing to an instance where a major policy deci­ against students and community demon- accept SDS leadership oJecause now SDS sion was made over the obj,~~Uons of was both the most militant and the most the radicals on the committee. REASONABLE -- two qualities rarely The day after the mass meeting, while many people were spending time organi­ sing for the elections, a second asp:act of the work began. It became clear that while the chapter had begun as a rela­ - tively small striking force, it now was faced with two imposing responsibilities: maintaining the strike and creating, albeit temporarily, all alternative university. In fact, the two jobs were organically related. Some students were leaving the campus and were waiting to see what would happen. But many more were stay­ ing on campus,supporting the strike, but were not clear what it meant to support the strike lJ,~sides staying out of classes. The leaders of the strike committee realised the need to set up a counter'­ university, or in this case, a revolutionary university, because in the eyes of most students, the strike was not just an action, it was an institution. .-', - Revolutionary Counter-University

The Ii\')('ration class(>s tried to serve several functions: 1. To give students Th is scene. is: an ,example of the tnlt' of university Columhia could be under different po­ a) IRT subway car, 1:') sns neetinr.:, c) i~O's0m f'ris('ln litical conditions 2. To' keep students occupied and on campus, 3. To provide a unique opportunity to put forth radi­ passive to active support, not from a strators must be dropped. 5, All Uni­ found together. This is not becaUSE radi­ cal critiques and solutions to political position of opposition to a position of versity disciplinary actions against de­ cals can't be reasonable in the sense questions in courses taught by radicals support, One of the lessons learned by ,monstrators must be cancelled. 6. The of being open, rational, humane, _but be­ from'lround the city, many of whom college administrations is that, in the, ban on indoor demonstrations must be cause liberals usually.intprpret reason­ were not U professionals". And 4. To future, police action will be much more revoked. able to mean malleable, andare threatened provide an opportunity for radicals to SWift. The fact that the Columbia admini­ The liberals\ii1lo entered the strike by radicals who clearly reject give-and­ show that they could run institutions stration allowed the demonstrators to after the arrests were not necessarily take mainstream political styles. competently and democratically. stay in the buildings for several days opposed to the six demands, but were Seconds after he made the concession, Many students were rapidly changing before even trying to bring in police, primarily concerned with issues of police Rudd realised that he had misunderstood their opinion of the left, and although led to a much greater base for the strike. and student power. The issue of student its implications. HI" had thought that the still suspicious, were becoming increas­ In the future, we must plan our tactics power will be discU5S':!d latpr, but on concession being made was that the ori­ ingly open to ideas that only a fpw weeks with the understanding that in most cases, the issues of police on campus and the ginal delegates to the strike com llittee before they would not have considered. we won't have a period of days for stu­ resignation of Kirk and Truman. SDS would be re-elected by the com munes: It became clear that while some peoples' dents to come to accept our tactics. was very s'Ecessful in convincing stUdents, But, in fact, he had agreed to waive ideas change through discussion, action The administration will try to move ,after many days of debate, that the actions political criteria for membership on the can provide a political context in which quickly, while student disapproval of our of the Columbia administration and of the strike committee. This confusion can only those discussions can be most fruitful. tactics is greatest. New York City Police were not examples be explained in the eontpxt of the con­ For many, resistance to radical argu­ SDS was now leading a majority move­ of irrational brutality as much as rational fused nature of the meeting itself. There ments stems, not from disagreeing with ment, but it wasn't at all clear how long political intimjojldon. A great deal of were proposals and counterproposals the particular issue being discussed, but that majority would last. The splits among work ,was done to re-emphasize that floating around the room, and to make from a belief that radicals can't win. striking students became clear at the Columbia's policies on the gym, I.D,A.• At Columbia, thousands of students came first mass meeting two days after the matters more complex, the voting on the and channeling students into corporate resolution had been split up ill ~v:ci parts. to believe that the left was, or perhaps first bust. Close tc 1,500 students met bureacracies were the central questions, The first part was called U content" and could be, a real force in this country. in Wollman auditorium to decide upon and that calling for resignations of indi­ And because of that feeling, they be­ the future of the strike. dealt with the specific demands of the viduals without challenging the function strike itself. A resolution by the CUSC -­ camp m:'re open to our politics. The At the meeting the radicals put forth / of Columbia in capitalist sodety was not the student government ,that w"uld, h,!"p liberation sehool could have won even a plan for extending representation on dealing with the root causes of why more respect for the left; as it turned the strike commitee. The plan was as watered down the demands 01 the strike the police were called in the first place. had been voted on first and was soundly out, it was missed opportunity,

PAGE 12 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 ..lilt tm'IS ., ONE HOUR 'IV, COMPT ETE ARTICI.,B ing to other students who had not joined ThUS,. the two major groups both sup­ issue during the strike, SDS didn't feel them in the buildings, so that after the ported some form."of increased student confident about its ability to reachstude'lts Limitations of Experiment first bust, the idea of students deter­ power, but disagreed on the importance through careful explanation of its politics mining the direction of the university of the six demands, and on basic political and programme. There were fundamental problems witl1 gained acceptancl? questions as well. The half-hearted sup­ the liberation classes. Most classes But when the possibilityofa m:u:; strike porters of the strike found their position Opponents Use Weakness weren't courses -- they were one-shot became a reality it was clear that the represented on the strike coordinating talks by radicals around the city. M~i.IlY SDS chapter was not adequately prepared committee by the most opportunistic ele­ The fear that demandsfor student power of the speakers were virtually unknown to handle the imposing bureaucratic task ments led by the CUSC. The most m1l1­ would jeopardize the thrust of the strike outside of 'left circles, and since the of running a large-scale liberation uni­ tant students, although looking to SDS were intensified by the actions of senior speakers weren't committed to organiz­ versity. Clearly, a chapter with hundreds for leadership, often found their concerns faculty. The trustees looked to smoother ing a study group, they couldn't build of members, most of whom had been most directly spoken to by a relatively. .~·faculty types like Professor Alan Westin a course by meeting wlth one or two involved in day-to-day. organizing work small group of left-l1ber s ,who voiced of the Law School for help in calming radical students, planning a course of in dormitories, seminars, cafeterias, and strong support for the trike, but also the natives. They formed the Executive study, and then havins the students re­ student activities would be better pre­ placed great emphasi on proposals for Committee of the Faculty which got a cruit others .for the next clas$. If "fac­ pared for such a job. But at this point, restructUring the. u versity. The SDS lot of publicity during the strike because ulty" had been willing to make more there is no SDS chapter in the country leadership, while not completely united of its work in trying to develop proposals of a committment, classes could have that meets that description. Most chap­ on the issue, gave little attention to the for restructuring the university,and its been better attended. ters are compo:3..!:! of a hard core of student power issue, and tried to avoid plan to hire (bribe?) students to work Another problem was that most of twenty-thirty people. Of those, many are dealing w,Uh it as much as possible. during the summer to come up with con­ the courses were very academic, stu­ not really or~izers in the sense of crete ideas on the SUbject. Despite dents were going through a dynamic po­ someone who sets out a constituency Weakness of SOS Thinking Westin's lack of public support for the litical process, and were much more he wishes to reach and milkes a con­ strike, many students were not that cri­ critical of old forms, Some of the people scious effort to speak. with new, un­ The first public formulation of the SDS tical of his role, because they felt that planning the liber.ation school were radi­ committed people oJl a regular basis. , position came at the mass meetingfollow­ since the strike committeewas not placing cal, in the sense of having a radical A chapter with ten such people is quite ing the arrests. An SDS spokesman, while, a bigemphasis on restructuringproposals, political analysis, but weren't very radi­ lucky, and yet a chapter structure with directing most of his remarks to unity on someone had to. cal about education. Most of the courses such a weak daily apparatus, while able the six demands, also dealt with the The fear that restructuring would be assumed that radical education m ~ant to involve large numbers of people in issue of"'student power. He said that used as a wedge to split the student radical scholarship, and so, courses on mUitant demonstration, can hardly be while there had been recent talk about ;suppon for the strike, or as a Jever Marxism, liberation movements in Latin expected to transform itself into a demo­ the administration's granting students in negotiations to win concessions on .America, radical eceonomics, etc., were cratic, .dynamic staff organization within more voice in running theuniversUy, the six demands, should have been openly not oilly part of the curriculum,' they a few days or week.,. Un:ier the cir­ real student power was an Unrealistic expressed to the stUdents, and probably were the major part of the curriculum. cumstances, the people organizfng the expectatibn until the whole society could would ha v'e~ be¢Ifunder:stood and supported. Thus, while th!" course on folk dancing liberation school workf'd with extreme be chwged, The critique was not very But this position couldn't be effectively attracted fifty or sixty students every' dedication. The major problem was the enthusiastically received. On the one hand, raised because the radicals weren't just time it met, most of the other courses scope of the task they faced, not their SDS was demanding that.a major Ameri­ opposed to the use of student power as had difficulty involving five or six people lack of awareness. or willingness to face can university stop construction of a a bribe during the strike; they were op­ consistently. Clearly radical scholarship it. multi-million dollar gym and withdraw posed to the whole liberal conception of should have had a place in the liberation from a military research organization student power. This became clear when school curricullim, but" the assumption Student Powerla Liberalism whose functioning is of great importance a group of delegates split from the strike that large num'Jers of striking students to the American ruling class. On theother committee in May to form the "students would be attracted to primarily abstract, One of the major political questions hand, it was telling the striking students for a Restructured University". academic courses proved to be false. the radicals on the strike committee that demands for greater student power SDS < hasn't spent a lot of energy de­ Problems also developed with some faced was dealing with demands of their were "utopian". veloping a clear positionon student power, of the regular faculty who supported the cons'tituency for "student power". In this The argument was in sharp contrast but most of its members share certain strike, but who refused to change their constituency, two clear tendencies em­ to the forthright style that had gained basic agreements about it. To begin with, conception of teaching, Thus,,!'(rench #104 erged. The people in the FIRST GROUP great respect for SDS among the students. radicals would never call themselves became 'Liberation French Itl04, the dif­ could not accurately bf' called radicals, In fact, the radicals' opposition 'to stud~nt students for a"restructured" university._ ference being that it was held on a lawn, but were very sympathetic to radical power demands wasn't based on their A group whose primary definition of its and supported the strike. But rarely did politics, defended SDS to critical stUdents, impracticality -- we had always prided program is in structural terms indicates regular faculty understand -- or perhaps and milUantl)' supported the strike. Their ourselves on leaving "practicality" to an acceptance of the legitimacy of the choose to understand -- the broader po­ support for the six demands was solid. the liberals -- but rather, was based litical nature of the strike, and choose Even though some of them had personal on a fear that student pOwer would be to re-evaluate their relationship with doubts about the amnesty position, they used in the short run to blunt the poli­ students and the relevance of the cur­ supported the demand for amnesty be­ tical direction of 'the strike, and in the riCUlum they wpre teaching. cause they saw efforts to modify the Many of the people working 011 the liber­ demands as jeopardizing the thrust of ation classes were well aware of these the strike. Besides supporting the six problems, but because the more radical demands, most of these students also conception of the liberation classes in­ volved considerably more energy and

TheS2 [:~('()'~ ar~: a rrotesbng inadersitv c trapp~d jn a univnrsity

organization, they wen' wlable to changp wanted some structural changes in the' long-run to co-opt potentially radical administration and trustees. things even though they wished to. The dedsion-making processes of the uni­ students. While that fear was certainly A radical student power position begins problem of maintaiiling high levels of versity to allow a greater student voice. justified, the radical leaders~p never with a political, or content critique of tilergy and effectivelless during the long The SECOND MAJOR TENDENCY was went beyond it to formulate a clear po­ the university, and talks about structural period of the strike reflected the problem clearly hostile to the radicals, somewhat sItion on student power and to win sup­ changes within the context of that cri­ of a group of people who found them­ supportive of the strike but critical of port for it among the thousands of stu­ tique. Thus, while SRU is concerned selves in positions oJ! great responsibility it because "SDS has taken over a po­ d(~llts who would have been very open' with developing a parliamentary solu­ because th!:" original demonstration had tentially good thing". This group prided to a radical definitioll of the uniyersity. tion to the problems of Columbia, SDS mushroomed far beyond their expec­ itself on its grasp of REALPOLITIK The rare instance wh3n SDS people talked argues that talk about bi-cameral legis­ tations. principles, and put forth the follOWing about student power, they did so in cliches latures of students and faculty, and the arguments: like, "You can't build socialism 011 one sharing of power among stUdents, faculty, "The strike com mittee is being un­ campus", which besides being uneilligl:t­ administration, and trustees doesn't ad­ The Unfolding Dia1ectic of Direct realistic in sticking to all six demands. ening, weren't even phrased in rhetoric dress itself to the question of the function Action The· real issue of the strike is student that most of the students could relate of the university. Most of the major power, and in order to get it we'll hav'd to. In fact, the rhetoric of the Columbia functions of the university -- manpower The original demon.~iration began in :0 show the administration that we're chapter, which had often been hard and channelling, mass socialization, resel1rch traditional protest form -- we take a willing to work with them. ThUS, a real­ "old left" in stylp, was generallyexcel­ serving corporate interests -- will be building, tilt' protest either wins its de­ istic settlement would look something like lent during the strike. Students who had opposed by radicals despite any restruct­ mands and we build the movement for this: The administration gives in on the sounded like sectarian radical caricatures uring proposals passed because they are anuther eonfrontatioll, or we lose, alld gym. On the other hand, we may have to 'weeks before the strike, regained their not issues that can be decided by majority we rebuild from there. But onee insid·~ give in on some issues, like maybe I.D.A. ability to communicate with students when rule as it is presently manifested. But the buildings, a feeling grew among the alld amnesty. it became clear that the strike was seri­ holding these views without developing demonstrators that they weren't holding Opposjtion to amnesty, however, was ous business. The fact that the rhetoric a clear counter-theory to parliame:ntary the university' s building in return for fairly strong among many of the students slipped back into old, politically ineffect­ democracy makes it difficult for radicals 'concessions on I.D.A. and on the gym, who supported the strike, and,uggestions ive styles when the issue of student to aggressively challenge liberals in de­ but rather, that the buildings were right­ about giving in on th(~ a.nll"~3ty issue power was being discussed, was due to bates on student power. fUlly theirs. were often argued on the basis of the the reason that, unlike almost everyother (Go ric-ht on to ne:-:t pa!:!~.) The • communards" conveyed this feel- issue itself.

NOVEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEM ENT PAGE 1:: a mass confrontation to a sustained mass COLUMBIA EXAM action -- running a liberation school, keeping effective pressure on the admini­ stration, turning out an effective propo­ Continued ganda offensive, organizing students on While we are able to defend, and some­ other campuses and support groups all times gain support for, actions which ·over the city, continuing the political defy majority votes of students -- for development of the stUdents, and in­ example, SDS continued its oppostion to volving students in a continuing demo­ military recruiters on campus despite cratic experience. a student referendum vote supporting People reading this may begin to think, "open recruiting" -- we have not de­ «Man, if I were running the Columbia veloped .an alternative rationale to ma- strike, things would have been a lot jority rule. It is essential that we do different. I wouldn't have made those so, both to develop a clear political mistakes -- it seems so obvious." But alternative to liberal restructuring pro­ that's exactly the point: it was obvious. posals that don't rest on a political The leadership of the strike, and the critique of the university and the society, hundreds of others who worked hard on and to prevent the development of un­ keeping the strike going were painfully democratic tendencies within our own aware of the problems being encountered, movement. and, if asked, could probably list and Up until recently SDS was able to analyze many other problems that haven't relate almost all political questions to even been. mentioned. But there was an a belief in participatory democracy. But important reason why awareness COUldn't now it is becoming clear that we will be automatically converted into imple­ have to -race the tension in our thinking mentation: THE INTERVENING VARI­ between a commitment to participatory >\B:~E OF MASS POLITICS. The chapter democracy and understanding of the.. con­ was not simply a bureacracy making ditioning effects of repressive tolerance. decisions and implementing them in a Also, while it's true that certain uses vacuum. The chapter was a group of of student power will be strongly opposed people trying to function in the midst by groups like SDS, there are certain of powerful political currents. When things areas in which student power and radical were moving, they moved with enormous politics are complementary. For example, force and rapidity. When periods ofinertia the demand that a given number of stu­ set in, the malaise was ov~rpowering. dents -- let us say 20 -- can initiate The Columbia strike more than any any course that they wish, and receive other event in our history, has given credit, is a demand which speaks to the radical student movement the belief students demanding a greater control that we can really change this country. over their own lives, and is also build­ The whole to:1e of political discussion ing a radical student movement. Simi­ has changed. Six months ago people larly, students' demands for an end to talked about building a radical adult undercover police agents on campus and movement in terms of finding useful an end to restrictive social regulations roles for former student radicals. Now, are certainly issues that radicals can . these same discussions- begin with the . actively support understanding that while the student move­ The strike committee will face a dif­ ment can catalyze groups in the society, ficult political situation when school re­ until we develop a base among teachers, opens in September. If the university government employees, technieians, in­ agrees to stop construction of the gym dustrial workers, high school stUdents, and if a faculty com mission that is due and tenants, the gains of the student to give its report over the summer re­ movement will be minimal. commends formal disaffiliation with I. D. A. then only two major issues will remain-­ amnesty and university faculty individu­ New Stage For Democratic Action ally continuing their work for I.D.A. The FIRST ISSUE will be difficult to These peop1e are: Finally, the Columbia strike was a mob1l1ze significant and sustained sup­ tremendous re-vitalizing force for SDS port around. While a majority of stu­ a) trying to see their Army recruiter, and the New Left at p~'rhaps the lowest dents eventually came to support it, their b) being kidnapped, c) happy point in its brief history. Up until this commitm':!nt to it stemmed primarily spring, the growth of SDS had been from its being one of the six demands. steady and impressive -- not just in Standing alone, it is doubtful that many was a uniquely democratic institution. lem of maintammg cohesiveness and com­ numbers, but in political influence as students will be willing to fight very Com mune meetings were heated and mitment -- always a difficult one -­ well. Despite its definition as a radical, hard for amnesty. long- . partially becau"r of the cohesive­ was greatly influenced by the nature of multi-issue group, SDS had built its base The SECOND ISSU·E, preventing uni­ ness brought a,bout through confrontation, how the strike began. The fact that the almost exclusively on the issue of the versity faculty from continuing work in partially because of the awareness that original defining character of the strike war in Vietnam. But during the spring, defenso:! research, was not one of the the action was of great importance. The was its tactics continued to influence despite the objective evidence that the original six demands, but rather, is the initial opposition to the tactics of the its development throughout its duration. war wasn't de-escalating at all, and its logical political outgrowth of formal dis­ demonstrators dim:.nished within a few As a reSUlt, the leadership of the strike prospects for settlement were far from affiliation. The original demand -- break­ days, but not solely because students got spent a great deal of energy planning definite, the mood on many campuses ing "all ties" with I.D.A. -- was inter­ used to the demonstrators' presence a series of confrontations that would was that the war was no longer an issue. preted by most students to mean break­ in the buildings. A great deal of the keep the pressure on the administration For the first time in our history another ing all FORMAL ties. While most people support for the demonstrators developed and maintain a sharp focus on the strike. organization -- the national McCarthy in SDS felt that the demand should also because students outside of the bUildings Considering the great difficulty of such for President apparatus -- had replaced prohibit individual faculty members from heard reports of the impressively demo­ a strategy; they were quite successful. us as the major political force on the serving the defense establishment, this cratic way the communes were being run. campuses. On some campuses where SDS wasn't very well developed, chapter people issue was not raised pUblicly during the Expanding The Action strike. If it had been raised, it would themselves were out working for Mc­ have met strong oppositon from students Failure to Extend Democracy There were many actions: a demon­ Carthy. In most instances, however, the on the grounds that individual faculty The democratic nature of the strike stration against a university ban on out­ chapter maintained a strong citieism of have the right to work at wha~ they continued during the next few days after siders coming into campus, ra1l1es with McCarthy, but frankly, few people were please, and would have involved another the arrests while the constituency groups people from Harlem, a demonstration listening. Our base -- the large number confiict between civil liberties and jus­ were getting organized. But beginning on by the moderates on the strike committee of open, basically liberal stUdents, -­ tice. Despite inittal opposition, it is the first day that the reconstitutued steer­ to retest the ban on indoor demonstratiol)s, were either involved in the McCarthy conceivable that because of the political ing committee met, the participatory na­ and most successfully, a joint sit-in. campaign, or, while agreeing with .J climate of the strike, an aggressive edu­ ture of the strike declined rapidly. To with community residents in Morning­ political crltlque of McCarthy, just, cational campaign could have developed begin with, the radical leadership of the side Heights who seized a bUiding Col­ couldn't get worked up about the war support for this position, but since it strike committee became extremely in­ umbia owned because of high rents, poor when negotiations were taking place, and wasn't done, it will be difficult to intro­ volved in parliamentary hassling with the services, and efforts to evict them. Over it looked like l'ither McCarthy or Ken­ duce the idea after the university seem­ other delegates. Although the radicals 140 people were arrested, about half iledy would he elected and would try ingly complies with one of th e demands had a slight majority on the strike com­ students and half tenants, and hundreds to end the war. Our efforts to talk about of the strike. mittee, there were numerous instances more were in the streets. Finally, there the conditions of the settlement, and Into this complicated political situation when defections; were anticipated, and was the second bust. The police wen~ McCarthy's adherence to basic cold war w1l1 march SRU, armed with exciting many close calls did, in fact, ensue. But called in to clear demonstrators pro­ premises, werE~ looked upon as secta rian new proposals for student power. At this while the leadership was involved in five testing the disciplining of six students carping by many students who only a point, after a summer of preparation hour political meetings there was no who participated in an earlier demon­ few months beforp had participated in on their part and the difficulty of re­ similar political body set up to involve stration against 1. D. A. Police "tormed our demonstrations. establishing the momentum of the strike, large numbers of students. Although fre­ through campus, clubbing demonstrators In the midst of this malaise came SRU will posp a maior challenge to quent rallies were held outdoors during and non-demonstrators, students who sup­ Columbia. For almost two weeks Co­ 50S for the political leadership of the the strike, there wert' no regular mass ported the strike and students who couldn't lumbia was the central political subjf>et students. The fact that SRU has received meetings where the leadership reported care less. Even though they were ordered on many campuses. An SDS chapter had close to $50,000 in foundation grants to constituency groups. Decision's were to clear the campus some police went been able to move dralllaticall~', right less than two months after its inception supposed to be made in the groups of inside dormitories to heat up students. in the middle of the McCarthy-negoti­ indicates that the liberal e!'tablishment 70, but without some form of mass meet­ Students retaliated by thrOWing cobble ation anaesthesia. And not by taking ad­ is well-aware of the potential of using ings where issues were debated lwfore stones ripped up from the walk, and vantage of a rpady-madp situation, but student power demands to defuse the people broke up into their groups, dropp~ng heavy objects off the tops of by actively' intiating the confrontation growing radical movement. It would be the vitality of the strike declined and buildings on to policE' cars. themselves. SDS has mallY problems. ironic if such a strategy were success­ people lost interest in constituency meet­ But despite the large number of actions It has become dear that SDS's organi­ fUl, because in the eyes of most students -­ ings. Even the communes which had that took place over the last month, zational and political growth has not even those who have little love for the achieved remarkable solidarity during these actions were not enough to main­ been able to keep up with rapidly chang­ left -- SDS is the founder of the student their week of strugg-le, had gn~at dif­ tain the momentum of the strike. Until ing evpnts, and as a rpsult, many po­ power movement. Although many people ficulty holding their people togEo'ther to the second bust, which took place in litical opportunities have been mlsspd. in SDS are far from happy about tllis discuss politics. Communes continued to late May, there was a period of almost The combination of the Columbia strike identification, we will have to move be­ I!1eet after the bust, but even they met a month where there was no significant and a Humphrey candidacy provides SDS yond a fear of having student power de.. infrf'quent!y and had relatively small at­ physical controntation between the ad­ with its greatest opportunity t'ver to mands coopted to developing a clear tendance. By the time school closed for ministration and the studpnts. During build a mass-baspd studpnt movement. radical program on student power and the summer, the strike com mittee had this period, when the administration H we are su(:cessful, we can use the aggressively taking on the liberals in become a body generally rt>presentative played a consciously passive role, mo­ uni verslty as a training ground for the this area. of student opinion, but was hardly the mentum was difficult to k'~ep up because, develop;nent of organizers who will be­ vital, responsive organization it had been without a visible common enemy, the gin to build that adult movement we during the early part of the strike. direction of the strike had to come ·from talk about so much. Democratic Action within. In this case, because the SDS This problem was part ofa lan?;er one -­ occc====c=cccccccc==c~ Another problem that faced the strike maintaining the momentum of the strike. chapter was primarily a striking forcE', committee was the problem of develop­ After the first bust the mom·,mtum of the not a well-organized group that had To insure passing grade: Clip sub blank ing a mass decision- making structure. strike could be described as steadily worked together effectively on a day­ on p. 24 and send with $2 to -the MOVE­ During the period when the students were declining, with frequent exciting incidents to-day basis, they were unable to trans­ MEJ<;T PRESS, ,,5 Colton Street, San holding buildings, the strike committee temporarily halting that decline. The prob- form the character of the strike from Francisco. California 94103.

PAGE 14 THE MC'VEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 AFTER THE WAR' I'S OYER

(Speech by Terry Cannon at the Dr. Spock - 'Oakland 7 Rally in Berkeley, Sept. 27)

Brothers and Sisters, Last year at this time we were about peasants and landlords and middleclass thought there was a revolutionary TAC­ essary. to .nount one of the most successful people. The landlords and middleclass TIC -- all we had to do was.find it, and dramatic protests against the war, don't water down the armed struggle do it, and get away with it. And I got An American Front when, we tried to shut down the Oakland because they see that shooting the Ameri­ frustrated when nothing turned out be Induction Center: People were desperate cans is the only way to get them out. IT. Well, there ain't no it. When we Someday I hope we'll have a real and they took strong measures. Then' Napalm and defoliants and repression do find it, it's going to be some mas­ front to liberate this nation. Within that we went through a period of hope and don't make a lot of distinctions. That's sive combination of fighting cops, peace­ front some people will workclandestinely, expectation around the so-called peace(,.j why the Saigon army troops are so de­ ful demonstrations, sit-downs, strikes, some openly. Everyone": teachers, fac­ candidates. Today that hope is over and moralized. Their parents and families electoral campaigning, and armed up­ tory workers, students, technicians, cops, we're in for a rough time for the next get their crops ,destroyed along with the risings. With ~the emphasis on the words (I don't see why we shouldn't have some few years. A rough time. rest. You don't tell a man to join the COMBINATION and MASSIVE, of our own people inside the police :orce) It doesn't matter whether Nixon gets army and then thatarmyand the Americans and soldiers will have specific work to elected with the help of Wallace or the bump off his mother. It doesn't work. Stop The Draft Week do. They will be able to see how their Hump gets it with the help of the cops, So the puppet troops don't fight. specific work relates to the general strug­ we're in for some repression that will That's beginning to happen here. The The' Oakland 7 case is a classic of gle. They won't think a tactic is a way probably make what's happened so far sixty black guys at Fort Hood weren't how we ordinarily organize demon­ of life. look like they loved us. about to go to Chicago and beat up on strations. Right now we can all work, and I their kid brothers and sisters in the A bunch of leaders from all over meet hope we will, to continue to free Huey streets. We're ge!ng to see more of this. and issue a call. They all sign their and the Oakland 7, and Marty Kenner Repression names to the call. They go back to the who's up fori conspiracy to, commit ver­ Repression falls alike on the nice and areas and have public rallies and meet­ bal murder in New York and the folks the not so nice; on the street fighters No Revolutionary Tactics ings to get people out. They try to get who will probably get conspiracy charges and the head of the New Hampshire I learned something else important too. some big names to support the action out of Chicago. We'll never win unless delegation. It fell on Dr. Spock whom There is no such thing as a revolutionary so people will know its really import­ we protect our own. But the only final every mother loves and on the Oakland tactic. You don't see one group inthe NLF ant. answer to repression is the broadest, 7 who are another kind of mother. This calling another group finks causethey held Then the demonstration takes place, deepest movement we can organize. The is important. All three major candidates a peaceful rally with women and children a lot of people get arrested and the only way to end repression is to make are campaigning on a ticket of law -­ and baby carriages. And they don't call leaders go to court for conspiracy. the revolution. which means murder, and order -- which others left adventurers who want to fight That's not true of every demonstration, That sounds in some ways like a pat means death. And when they talk about in the streets. They see everything in but it's true enough to make us think answer to repression. But it isn't. The anarchists they mean you and me and a context -- in a strategy -- a sense twice. ' war is going to end someday. And it's Dr. Spock and all those nice delegates , of the total, lifelong effort that's needed The seven are in fact not being tried going to end one of two ways, either to the Convention who thought they were in the U.S. to bring this monster down. for conspiracy. We're being tried for the NLF will win or the United States members of the ruling class but whom everything that happened last October. wlll lose. No :,other way. While we build Daley thought were a bunch of commie AMERICAN LEFT ORGANIZATIONS ARE We're being tried for building 50 bar­ the anti-war movement we have to be rats and had them beat on the head...... :1. LARGELY DEFINED BY THEIR TACTICS. ricades, pushing 100 cars into the streets, building the attitudes, and forms oforgani­ I just returned this afternoon from This is understandable; we've been ex­ breaking a cop's leg and costing Oak-_ zationthat will be the. force to bring the a conference with members of the South perimenting with tactics, trying to find land a quarter of a million dollars to American monster down -- after the Vietnam National Liberation Front and ourselves. We have a whole organization keep the induction center. open a week. war is over. for me and the rest of the Americans devoted just to peaceful massive demon­ That's cool. I don't regret a thing. We have to be thinking now always -­ who visited with the brothers and sisters strations -- at least until recently -- the If we could do it again tomorrow, I'd what will we do 31ter the war. The war from the jungles of South Vietnam,.it National Mobilization. You've got the nat': do it. I don't want to go to jail, but is important, crucial. In America, it was mindblower. We got a good idea, bed truck and bullhorn set. We've got that's the name of the game. exposed to all of us what was wrong I think, of how a mature revolutionary SDS which refused to take part in unmili­ What I' m saying is we're getting to with our country. None of this will go organization works. tant demonstrations because they weren' t a more mature level. We don't need away after the war. After the war, that's First of all they don't get in a big "revolutionary". And the Resistance, a big names to call a demonstration. A when the struggle begins. moralistic lather about who are the good large organization devoted basically to lot of big left names told people to stay We're going to face some tough times guys and who are the bad guys. If you the burning of small pieces of paper. away from -Chicago. Big names haven't and some fine times. I'm glad I'm back. want the Yankees kicked out of your I'm not putting them down. This has been calling riots in Berkeley. People These are going to be some fine times, country you're a good guy, The NLF been part of our maturing, our develop­ take it on themselves to do what is the finest times this country has ever is a front, a real front: it includes ment. I've 'been in the same bag: I necessary by any means that are nec- seen.•

Recent Releases

Muddy Waters, for a long time Mr. Cool of raw, down home blues has come out with an album "Electric Mud" , that updates his sound in forceful style, but the album is shrouded in mystery. First of all there is no mention on the album as to who the back up band is and though one is supposed to assume that it's Muddy on lead guitar, there ~!~~~~~.~rr~~~·~·~ ..II' by Chris Bergman are those who have doubts. It doesn't seem likely that a man can change his There is a wealth of recorded Bob "Music From Big Pink". One of the guitar style overnight and be.so ac­ Dylan material, among it some of his most well known of the songs on this complished and far out in his new vein best, that will probably never be re­ tape is "Wheels on Fire", which was at first attempt. At times it sounds leased and is available to the public recorded by several people including like Clapton, fo~ a moment like Bloom­ only through the FM underground. These England's Julie Driscol who had a slight field, and then like no one else. Who­ recordings cover the whole span of his hit of it in this country. Another well ever it is, he is an amazing musician. career. Many of the songs were edited known one is "The Mighty Quinn~ a Many of the songs are his old standbys out of his albums, some for obvious huge success for Manfred Mann. One but they've never sounded like this reasons like recording flaws or because of the Best on this tape is "Down on before. As one devotee put it, "He's the song just didn't get off the ground The Flood", a country tune which Dylan shOWing all these honkey bastards how on that particular take. A good many does with a gently swingingarrangement . to play psychedelic music". That's one others, however, were edited out for far superior to Flatt and Scrugg's ver­ way to put it, for that's an unavoidable no apparent reason except perhaps be­ sion of it. "Nothing Was Delivered~, adjective when descr~ging' the sound. cause of some asshole decision-maker another country tune, was recorded by but who the hell is backing the cat and at Columbia, if Columbia operates like the Byrds in their latest LP devoted who's on that guitar? If At' is Muddy most big record companies. From the only to country music, "SWeetheart Of then my apologies for'"the doubts and days when Dylan's career really started The Rodeo". , hats off to a master '..of the guitar. picking up steam behind his direct pow- ,. erful poetry of protest, we have, among other unreleased songs."Turn, Turn To Super Session The Rain And The Wind", which tells ~obody Does Dylan Like Dylan Al Kooper of Blood, ~eat, and Tears the story of a friend sentenced to years fame directed this album which features in prison for an accidental death. As with Dylan's available music, I Mik-e Bloomfield on side one and Steve think that very few people can bring The song describes the Stills, formerly of the Buffalo Spring­ the power to a Dylan song that Dylan field on side two. Kooper plays organ injustice so probable from the courts can. The Band managed to do it, but and the close-minded attitude of the the subject matter, but such stupidity and various other instruments and does goes on all the time in the music then one of their members helped write the vocals on both sides. To start judge when his ruling is questioned. all but one of the Dylan songs on their Also from this early period is "Lay world. Like the ,furor over the Rolling at the top, the Bloomfield side is fan­ Stones latest album ::over, which is album. Occasionally a musician can tastic. Bloomfield plays with an ex­ Down YouI" Weary Tune" , featuring some recreate a Dylan song forcefully by of Dylan's most beautfiul imagery, si­ holding up its release. The cover pic­ pressive, lyrical touch the likes of ture is a bathroom with the song titles changing it, not just imitating it, to which he's never captured before. On miles of the earth's natural beauties their style and making it believable and the sounds of musical instruments. and other phrases written on the wall. th e other hand, The Stills side is good There is nothing "dirty" included in from the standpoint of their sound. for what it is, but its no where. It This song was slightly popularized on Such is the case of Stevie Wonder's an early album by the Byrds. the scribblings, but the record com­ concentrates on a thin, sweet sound pany blocked release saying the cover "Blowin' In the Wind", and Jimi Hen­ that's' pretty gutless. The 'two sides Writing On The Wall was "in poor taste". drix's version of "All Along The Watch­ are rather incompatible since Iim sure Among the other really exceptional Tower", especially the former. that there are few fans who can really Somewhat later in his career, perhaps It may be that if Dylan decides to It cuts from Dylan's unreleased reper­ get into two so different approaches, about the time of «Bringin' All Back cool it with recording, the record com­ Home~, Dylan recorded "If You Got To toire is "Keep It With Mine", a slow when one so far exceeds the other. gentle song of advice and kindness feat­ pany may release those which. they've Go, It's All Right". The line continues, held back thus far. It's a shame that "But if you got to go, Go now, Or else uring some of Dylan's best singing. Banned in Chicago One of the tapes in this series was we have to wait till then and it's a you got to stay all night". This certainly shame to think that that day will ever should have been released. Musically it never meant for release but was made "street Fighting Man", the Stones' under Dylan's supervision for exposure come, but you can be damn sure that single, issued before the Democratic rocks and it never failed to be a show they won't release it until there's a stopper in the days when concerts were to other musicians who might want to Convention, was immediately banned in record them. Accompanying Dylan on profit possible and they think that's Chicago. Said Mick Jagger -- "They frequent. It doesn't seem likely that ./·only when Dylan stops producing new this tape is The Band, who recorded must think that song Caft make a revo­ 'j it was edited out because of censors things. " " worrying about offending people with a few of the numbers on their LP, lution -- I wish it could". • NOVEMBER, 1968 .. THE MOVEMENT PAGE 15 against ourselves?" But there is an institu­ tionalized grievance procedure. The trade unions (CTC) defends workers against unreasonable managers. Managers don't belong to the CTC, Sometimes the Party acts quicker than ~ the CTC in defending workers. Incident: On the Isle of Youth there's a family' camp where workers from Havana volun­ teer to go with their families to work for ten of their thirty-day vacation. I had been working with these people for several hours. We had developed a pretty efficient system for unloading the coffee plants. A manager, apparently unaccust­ omed to the system, came by. After one minute of observation, he singled out WAR AG!.\NST one of the better workers and started ranting about his sloppy work. The mana- ger and workers had quite a heated argument. None of the other workers • PARA5lTlSM defended their «companero". After the manager had the last word, he walked· away in a huff. After work, I was rapping with some of -V, leE the workers and they all agreed that the manager was wrong. They criticized the others for not speaking out and bragged about how militant they were when they E'f.PLO\T~TlQIN were in Havana. They were proud of • . ... ':" the grievances they had won against their manager there. But they didn't. know the scene on the Isle, and after aU, they .~C.OWARDlCE: were only there for ten days. The matter seemed dropped. The next day, the party cadre wh 0 had brought me to the camp asked me • SELF\SHNESS .po my opinion of the incident. He wasn't there but had heard about it. He concluded that the manager was wrong, but he also • (ND\V\DUt\.L\SM blamed the workers for not defending one of their own. That was a sign of a lack of revolutionary militance. The Party had decided to call a meeting of the whole camp to make sure everyone understood the issues and understood the need for militance on the side of M.o~i1 justice., A Block Meeting Sometimes the peopl e attack the posi­ tion of the Party and win. One night in Havana, I came upon a local block meeting R~VOLUTION being held in the street. The meeting was called for the people in the neigh­ borhood to evaluate the services of the managers of the various stores in the commercial attaches had been in Czecho­ area. Cuba may be the closest thing there is to a "new left slovakia and in Cuba people had had alot The local Party people were conducting revolution" but it is not "new left". Itis a creative Marxist­ of first hand contact with Czech tech­ the meeting. They encouraged and got nicians. full participation. I could see the Party Leninist revolution. The revolution is anti-authoritarian On the basis of all these sources, the people begin to sqUirm as a series of Cuban p~ople had developed a definite housewives were praising one of the but disciplined. There may be freedom of expression for attitude towards the Czech mess. Before managers. After about fifteen minutes, artists, but art schools are rUD like all other Cuban Fidel gave his speech, 'COR made a poll one Party woman finally began to attack of the Cuban people to learn how they the manager for being a lousy admini­ schools--by military routine. People just don't do their felt about Czechoslovakia. The COR dir- strator of the lines of customers. (Cuba thing--thev do what the revolution needs them to do. ector was surprised that 86% of the people has launched an austerity program as part of a big thrust to become economi­ There is no "participatory democracy" are run roughly according to the principle strongly opposed what they considered middle class reforms in Czechoslovakia cally independent by 1970. Lines outside in Cuba. There is mass participation in of "to each according to his needs .•.". the stores and restaurants are one of the revolution. Decisions are made ac­ Money is nearly abolished. and thought they should be stopped "by any means necessary" . the most common sights in Havana.) cording to the Leninist principle of demo­ The physical conditions on the Isle are Most people gripe when they have to cratic centralism. rough and the work is hard. The ideo­ When Fidel later put down anti­ communist developments in Czechoslo­ walt on lines and the Party people were logical-orientation wing of the Central trying to pass the blame for the lines The Party, The People Committee (COR) has conducted fantastic vakia he was reflecting the ideas of 86% of the Cuban people. But his speech on to the manager of this store. The mobilization campaigns to get people to people'S reaction was impressive. They The Communist Party has full control go to tbe Isle. How were these campaigns went beyond that. It tried to educate the people more about revolutionary poli­ defended the manager by explaining that over state power in Cuba. After long 'interpreted? I asked many people on the the lines were inevitable. "Tile country investigations and criticism sessions, Isle why they were there. The universal tics, and re-affirmed Cuba's own Marxist­ Leninist policies. He explained how com­ is underdeveloped and in order to develop party members are nominated by their reply showed that they had a good under­ all resources had to go to agriculture." co-workers. The party itself makes the standing of why their participation was munism became corrupt in Czechoslovakia and other Eastern European countries. They also talked about the economic final choice. (In the future they hope important. ·Pm not here because I was ~ He maintained that "liberalization" was blocka1 and the need for sacrifice. They that the people will have a high enough told to come. I understand why I can clearly undestood that the problem of revolutionary consciousness to make hhe make my greatest contribution to the another word for bourgeois reforms and commercialism. He opposed the creation lines was deeper than the efficienr::y of final choice.) Party members hold practi­ revolution by being here." one manager and refused to be persuaded cally all leadership positions. Fidel is of opposition parties and freedom of the press for pro-imperialists. He also fol­ otherwise by Party members. Thesewere indisputed leader of the Party and the Civtllilterties mi.gh~ lowed his tradition of attacking the hypo­ the same people you h?ar complain­ country. ing as you pass any line in Havana. The Central Com mitee makes basic There are few formal civil liberties crisy of the U,S.S,H. and challenged it pol1cyclpcisions according to their under­ in Cuba. But there is substantive liberty to be revolutionary, to give up the idea Ideological Campaigns Swing standing of what the people want, and the for everyone to be free from the slavery of peace ful co-existence. Then there was the minority position. Contact with socialist realism has train­ economic and political necessities of the of economic and social insecurity. The ee us to expect dull, heavy-handed cam­ country. The people have a voice -­ feelings of the great majority of people The night before Fidel's speech about fifty Cubans, mostly students, tried to paigns 'in com munist countries. The ex­ through the formal channels ofthe various are always accounted for. But freedom pectation is immediately put down in ':uoa mass organizations -- through informal of expression is not absolute. Expression stage a spontaneous pro-Czech demon­ stration. All spontaneous demonstrations P:;':.'" "l;louncing the need for more ch?!lnels like Fidel's typical surprise of personalized-selfish grievances is dis­ work, the defense of Vietnam, the suppport visits and discussions with the people. couraged. Individual gripes are not con­ are illegal in Cuba. The demonstration never quite came off and most parti­ of the black struggle in the U, S., etc. are But Fidel can't be everywhereat all times; sidered counter-revolutionary -- rather usually done in pop art style with psy­ and, the mass organizations (trade unions, they are re-interpreted into collective cipants were detained for questioning. Five of them who had "counter-revolu­ chedelic colors. block organizations, women's federation, tasks. Documentary movies, even films of etc. ) have a lot of work on their hands The principle is • freedom ofexpression tionary" pasts Wf're kept in jail. I was amazed after speaking to one of Fidel's speeches, are always very crea­ in implementing various programs that for everything that is not counter­ tive -- conga drums in the background, have already been decided. revolutionary". One COR director told these demonstrators that she was only questioned and not detained. She is a jazzy flashes of words and color. I saw This is why the maintenance of close me that the definition of "counter­ abstract paintings in every official office ties between the Party members and the revolutionary" is rather narrow. Some­ student. She lived quite well by Cuban rest of the people becomes so important. thing against the will and interests of standards, received all her needs from I visited. The Central Com mtttee came out Most Party people are fUll-time workers, the Cuban people is counter-revolutionary, the State and had complete freedom in her against the persecution of girls in mini­ peasants, soldiers, etc. They are virtually The Party ultimately judges this. artistic wark. She had the nerve to make skirts. In short, one gets the overwhelming indistinguishable from the rest of the The Cuban reaction' to the Czech situ­ her gripe about the non-availability of impression that the country's leadership peOPle. A much smaller numoer are ation tells a lot about civil liberties, rum into a generalized condemnation of is above all youthful and hip. (The average professional Party cadres who work in freedom of expression, decision-making I"idel. This was the only time I'ever age of the philosophy PROFESSORS, the the various mass organizations, mini­ lj.nd what is considered counter-revolu­ heard any basic criticism of Fidel. It same people who put out a New Left stries and Party units. These cadres tionary in Cuba. For months before the was malicious. Essentially she accused Review-type magazine, Is about 23!) try to make sure they are not isolated Soviet invasion, every day the newspapers Fidel of being a hypocrite because he Most mobilization campaigns and ideo­ from the rest of the people. devoted an unusually large amount of criticized bourgeois attitudes when every­ logical work use down-home language, An example of mass participatiolJ and space to impartially reporting Czech de­ one knew he came from bourgeois back­ combined with vocabulary of guerrilla Party leadership: The Central Committee, velopments -- Czech cables, Tass cables, ground and hadn't really changed at all! struggle. There Is a Che Guevara Work especially Fidel, decided to experiment Chinese cables, even cables from pro­ Other things she' said made her sound Brigade. Thpre a:e "guerrilla workers" in setting up a really communist region U, S, press agencies. The people also knew like a Kennedy liberal. (ones who after eight hours in the factory within socialist Cuba. That region is the that the Czech government was one of volunteer for another six in the fields Isle of Youth, alias the Isle of Pines, once the few governments in the world that Workers' Freedom outside Havana). The "Woman is the infamous as a Penal Colony. Mostlyyoung refused to publish Che's diary in full Revolution Within the Revolution". Cama­ volunteers go to work on the Isle of Youth and made their own excerpted version. There are no strikes in Cuba. When guay (pioneer agricultural area) is the in its agricultural camps. They go for (The diary is available in Bolivia, Spain, I asked workers about this, they were "Moncada of Today's Youth" . Fidel's an indefinite period of time. The camps even Argentina). Many Cuban students and sincerely baffled. "How could we strike speeches are famous for their informality and humor.

PAGE 16 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 ------~------, .M.OJ?8/ R£voltrrTOf\T••• It is the year of the "Guerrillero -prejudice. (The racial issue in Cuba corrupted by an Uncle-, Tomism that is to build communism. Heroico" , and Che will decorate the Cuban is very complicated. It needs a sepa- universal. The gusanos, like the Toms, landscape and permeate the Cuban mind rate article), .$till believe that there's a quick way Revolutionary Offensive for many years to come, But the heroic The Central Committee and other high to individual p~ 0:,perity. They love Cuba, guerrilla is not the romantic adventurer. level leaders recongize this dogmatism as but are too sick with American propa- For .t!le last few years the Cubans Most Cubans have had personal contact a problem, but not a basic problem, since ganda to wait for the revolution to grow. have been trying to eliminate material with Che and for them, his image is it is only transitional. Economic develop- All Cubans love Cuba, like a ghetto incentives. The process has beengradua heroic, but not romantic. Members of ment and defense against the U,S. get-, , mother loves her child. Cuba is not and non-coercive. With the RevolutIonary the Che Guevara Bridages don't have top priority. And the fa,::t that Cuba has yet a paradise. Although, for most, it Offensive the campaign took on a new long hair, nor are they impulsive or virtually e.liminated illiteracy (which was is a paradise compared to the past. For urgency. Most people volunteer for over­ individualistic., They are an elite, disci­ 35%) is- rii~re impressive than the pro- everyone, it will take years of hard work time work without pay. There are all plined group chosen from army men vincialism of some party people. The fact and struggle before the paradise no lone;er sorts of programlJ encouraging city­ who work 24 hours a day clearing swamp that women now",~ve equal educational demands sacrifice. r·. people to work .-tor various lengths of time in agriculture, without special pay. land. What the Cubahs learn from Che and job opportunities is more impressive The New Man In The Ne~Society' is a tremendous spirit of self sacrifice, than the super macho attitudes of a lot All work centers and schools devise discipline and an incredible wtllingness of men. (One of the most typical scenes The revolution is an experiment that various ways to work extra to salute to DIE for'the liberation of any people. in Cuba is the sexy-assed mil1tiawoman often proceeds on a trial and error the 26th of July, then sept. 28, then in full uniform, machine gun and all, basis. Cuba is flux. The creation of Oct. 28. They go from one mob1lizatton Gaps with a head full of curlers -- that' s , ~ the new man in the new society has be­ to the next. The rewards are collective Top Part·, peop~e all seem tr'tmendously where Cuba is at on this issue.) ~ gun, but there are no formulas. Few and non-material -- a special greetlng have a very concrete idea of what he from Fidel, a banner for the plant, special open, creative, sophisticated 1 and sensi­ recognition in the press, etc. Cubans tive. But not all party members are like Paradise to Come will look like and how to make him. the four or five Central Committee mem­ One thing is sure. The classic contra­ think material incentives perpetuate sel­ Cuba was not the poorest country in diction between the individual and society fishness. Moral incentives move towards bers I met (including Fidel). Th'J average Latin America, but it was the one most educational level of the Party is 6th is, disappearing -- so is alienated labor. the creation of the new man. " penetrated by the American economy and For anyone, especially a city-bred intel­ All these programs operate under the grade (perhaps like our 3rd or 4th grade). culture. Every man-made resource in This statistic, I think, is the single most lectual, working in the hot Cuban sun political necessity, that has become policy, Cuba was American -- ranging from cutti!lg cane for eight or ten hours would that no one's material status wUl fall. important statistic: in explaining to non­ Cadillacs to all the country's electrical Cubans a lot of what we don't understand seem like a drag. But when people know The workers' renounce overtime pay, but systems. And you can't put a Soviet they are cutting cane for themselves Fidel announces special sick pay. When- about Cuba. or Chinese bulb in an American socket. n~rrowed, The' statistic shows what economic and their children, when they understand 'ever wage differentials are You' can't keep American technicians in why it is necessary and when they know the top scales are never lowered, rather underdevelopment means in ~uman terms. a communist country. You can't change One doesn't need a formal education to that EVERYONE is doing it, people really the bottom scales are raised. So doctors the cultural hegemony that comes with want to do it --even enjoy it. or professors still can earn as much as understand the viciousness of imperial­ sixty years of Miami- mafia type cultural ism, exploitation and poverty. But one When the individual works for a society four times what a factory worker earns. imperialism within ten years, especially designed for him, it is not really sac­ And there are still fancy restaurants does need training to develop modern' when the chief problem is feeding people agricultural techn1ques, or design an ec­ ,if1ce. It is something else that is hard for the doctor to spend his salary on. and self-defense against the CIA. to describe with American concepts. It But workers too go to restaurants onomic plan or to recognize more subtle Revolutionary Cuba persists, 90' miles cultural problems. And once in power, is satisfying, it is a way to transcend and fancy resort areas. ForJPer mafia­ from its "favorite neighbor". That is no egoism and selfishness and join with run exclusive clubs are now ftee recrea: you also need a fair amount of self­ small accomplishment. For the revolution consciousness and sophistication about your fellow man. tion cente.rs. Everyone gets one month to continue as a revolution, the Cuban This is what the "Revolutionary Of­ paid vacation during which time many the tendency toward super-defensiviness. people will have to sacrifice for several So you tend to see a gap between top fensive" and abolition of material in­ spend a week or more at CUba's famous years to come. Some Cubans still have centives is all about. Beginning in March, resorts. level and lower level leadership -- that the Miam~-mafla mentality and are not is, an occasional tendency towards dogma­ all remaining private ~nt-erprise was There's still the Copelia crowd, hun­ willing to make sacrifices to preserve nationalised or closed. Bars and cabarets dreds of young people who do Iiothi'ng tism on the lower levels. It was only their liberty. The worst of these are a few years ago that Cuba threw away were boarded up, the price of rum rose but stand in line flirting and waiting called "gusanos" (worms), the people to $20 a bottle and lines got longer. for ice cream every night. But they Soviet-type Party manuals. The change who decide to leave for the States, in orientation is hard for uneducated people But these are only the material aspects . are nof7typlcal. The typical young person Mexico and Spain. The government en­ of the Revolutionary Offensive. The pur­ spends most of his time practicing the to make quickly. This problem is com­ courages their departure and the people bined with Spanish traditionalism which pose of this campaign is not only to get slogan Q{ the Union of Communist Youth can't understand why they would want rid of enclaves of capitalism;, launch (UJC) -~ "study, Work, Shoot". They is still a 'part of most Cuban's mentality. to go. So, for instance, these people may seem the austerityprogram, and eliminate hang­ are' participating, in the cOUI}t!'yside and Most of the gusanos nowadays are not outs for the more parastic types. The in the cities, in the three most important very progressivewhen talking about armed upper class. The rich ones who couldn't struggle against imperialism, but quite purpose is also to impress upon the. tasks of the revolution: education, eco­ make their peace with the revolution people the seriousness of the revolu­ nomic development, and defense. Every­ backward when talking about mini-skirts; left a long time ago. The ones who fOI~ hippies, fags, women's liberation or racial tion; to guard against tendencies one must be proficient in all three tasks /\eave now are lower-middle class or revolutionaries to grow soft; to impress before the new man in the new society even lower clas8J, who were irreparably upon the peopl.e the dedication needed creates him.5elf. • by Arlene Eisen Bergman ASSAULT ONTHE ISLE OF YOUTH·

by Arlene Eisen Bergman . We had worked in the fields for twelve hours and' as when suddenly, without warning, ever'y­ out what this "demonstration" was all we walked back to the camp, the girls were singing and one started to run like mad towards about. By the time we assaulted the last talking about going into tpwn that night to Copelia, the the line. In seconds, we had broken place for the night, the provincial Party through the line and stormel:. inside of Headquarters, I found out that the whole ice cream parlor. The girls who came to this camp were Copelia. The singing died down and one thing had been planned at a pre-dawn volunteers and most of them were on the "first communist of the girls jumped on" top of a table meeting that day. The places to be assault:. and read a two minute declaration (the ed had not been warned, except for the region of Cuba" for as long as the revolution needed them contents of her speech were already on Party Headquarters (where the trucks the banners). Then, before we could catch were waiting to take us back to the camp). there, our breath, everyone dashed out and the The banners indicated the immediate pur­ AS we showered and changed, their 250 of us. Everyone made a conga line "Assault" was repeated at three or four pose of the assault. The'larger purpose, chatter was pretty typical of single girls behind the banners and half-marching, more eating places. which seemed well-accomplished, was anywhere. After dinner, the girls grew All the time I was thinking, "Where half dancing, still to the drums, we to demonstrate the revolutionary mili­ impatient for the arrival of the trucks the hell are the cops?" We were totally tancy of the youth. which were going to take us into town. proceeded towards copelia. caught up in the running, shouting, and One banner announced the camp's sup­ A day later, on the boat back to Havana, They had conga drums and were shaking singing. I forgot that I wasn't in a mili­ I was talking to a professional party their shoulders to a very lively song port for Fidel's speech on Czechoslovakia tant demonstration at home. But the tac­ (the speech had been studied and discussed cadre about the assault. He told me that about the citrus harvest. Some were tics seemed better than the ones we use they are quite typical. He remembered dancing with unbelievable energy con­ for several days). The others hailed here -- the element of surprise had, the growth of th e local unit of the Young one that he participated in where thousands sidering they had worked since dawn in given the "Youth of Steel" total advantage. of young people from one province assault­ the hot sun. Communist Union and greeted the mobili­ zation to celebrate one hundred years Everyone Dug It ed another province and painted the town The trucks finally arrived and the drums red -- literally. The assaults always of struggle. (October 10,' 1868_Cuba's And there were no hecklers. Some and singing continued. Afew girls mounted declaration of independence was issued). seen spontaneous, and the spirit is de­ a banner on the truck with the name of militiamen smiled and I heard some old finitely not contrived -- but the assaults All this time the singing and shouting men saying "Viva the militance of the the camp -- Youth of Steel. As we neared was so loud and everyone seemed so are always carefully planned by the youth. town, the drums became livelier and youth." People who had been waiting in In 1953, Cuban revolutionaries assaulted engrossed in it, it was impossible for line for hours for a dish of ice cream everyone got more excited. me to find out what the hell was happening. the Moncada barracks, Today, the Cubans The boys from the brother camp had didn't seem to mind having to wait a still use the concepts of guerrillawarfare. We were about 100 feet from a block­ little longer. already arrived and helped us down from long line in front of the ice cream parlor The brigades of Che Guevara attack the truck. Altogether. there were about In between assaults, I managed to find swamps -- the youth assault indifference. a, NOVEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 17 IIA 'Wolllan Who Took a Rifle to Moncada Had to Be a Liberated WOlllan" Interview with Haydee Santamaria by Arlene Eisen Bergman Culture Should be people in the Plaza of the Revolution. " (The major governmental buildings line and Amy Ansara in the Street: this plaza and in the center is the podium , from which Fidel gives his formal speech­ Interviewers' Note -- Haydee Santamaria is a member of ; QUESTION: How are you bringing art es when in Havana). Every month, we and culture to the peopl.e? close the plaza to traffic and the children the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party HAYDEE:Culture should be in the street. are invited to do whatever they want. and currently director of Casa de las Americas, publishing When people walk down the street they· Facilities are provided for painting, mu­ house and cultural center for Latin America. She also shouldn't be pointing at someone else's sic, puppets, all kinds of sports, etc. shoes, "What pretty shoes, were they Kids can discover themselves there and chaired the OLAS conference in 1967. cheap?". They should be able to say, see what kind of activity they like the "What beautiful art". Stores should not most. Haydee. and her martyred brother Abel, who at age 24 display clothes, they should display art (At this moment she lifted up the cookie was tortured to death after the assault on the Moncada . and ways of utilizing art. For example, tin that we had ':lee;1 ,u:".·.lg from). "Look, they might display an old sofa and show this cookie tin was designed by a famous barracks, came from an upper middle class family. They how it can be made more beautiful. Cuban artist. The drawings were made left home to join the revolution when she was seventeen. Ahora somos. (Now we ARE). We will especially for the tin and you can find eventually develop participatory theater this tin in any household. We're under­ In her reminiscences of Moncada, Haydee recalled, "In but so far our task has been to create developed in production but not in CUlture. theater. Before 1959 there were three Some day there should be so many mu­ order to buy a rifle, in order to buy bullets, we had to theater groups in the entire country. seums that \v'e won't have paintings to Now there are sixteen'professional drama fill them. go without eating, we had to go without smoking, without groups. The trade union confederation even a cup of coffee." She was jailed, later fought in the Sierra, and married Armando Hart, current Secretary of Organization of the Party and member of the Politburo.' Haydee is the mother of several children. Her image of herself is a sincerely mod­ Creating the new man is not just a est one. "My importance comes from the question of teaching sacrifice. The new revolution because before the revolution man in the new .societywould be something no one asked me for interviews". She as natural as breathing or singing. insists that any other woman would be QUESTION: We imagine that bourgeois in her place if she had had teachers values must be destroyed before the new like Abel, Che, Fidel and Raul. Yet she man is created. For example, we have could only think of one other woman noticed many hotels and restaurants retain with whom she would change places-­ a bourgeois style of service, even though Tania. Haydee would like to have the the- humblest worker now attends these opportunity to serve and fall the way places. What do you think about these Tania did. She offered this thought spon­ forms left over from bourgeois value taneously and quickly added that she systems? shouldn't think this way because it is HAYDEE: The fact that all service em­ perhaps a form of envy and she can't ployees have renounced tippIng is much feel envy. more significant than the remainingbour­ When Haydee speaks, much of her geois forms of service. impressiveness comes from non-verbal I agree that eventuallythese forms must communication--elaborate gestures, not disappear in a revolutionary society. Right only with her hands but with her entire now the most important task for Cubans body; her expressive face; her tone of voice is production. Eventually we must get rid which went from sootliing whispers to of all formalism. (What is important throaty combative shouts without warning; is to teach our waiters to appreciate but most of all, her informality, spon­ beauty and culture.) But you don't get taneity and sensitivity. rid of old formulas by replacing them She wanted it to be very clear that she with new formulas. Once a man is human­ had not been speaking as a leader, but ized, then manners, or respect for hu­ as a revolutionary individual, that within manity, come naturally. This is a slow the Central Committee, no one speaks cultural process and can't be imposed as leader--"although we all agree on mechanically. basic principles, there is much debate over form". "The New Man Is An Ihtegrated Man In An In~egrated Society"

QUESTION: Revolutionary Cuba has an image of the society it hopes to create. The "new man" (hombre nuevo 0 hombre integrado) is often posed as the ideal. What do have in mind when you speak of the new man? ._____ HA YDEE: The concept of thE! new man is a very new ,thing. It is still mostly an abstract ideal becasue the new man "If I was a Black North American, can only be created by a new society. The new man will not be n:·:';'.9ptional I Would Have Killed 1000 in his society -- he will be the normal Whites By Now!' man. Che is an example of the perfect man. He was exceptional, so we can't QUESTION: How has the revolution dealt use him as a model of the new man. with problems of racism, racial preju­ Not all women can be expected to give dice, assimilation on a cultural level? birth to such an exceptional man. HAYDEE-;- Racial discrimination in Cuba The new man will not be an individu­ no longer exists,- so we probably don't alist, rather, individuality and collectivity even think about a lot of the problems will be combined in the I)ew man. He you think about. Beauty is infinite and may be a skilled specialist but without it has no rules. T::l,stes can't be explained professional superiority and with his other but the most beautiful woman in Cuba talents developed. He is an integrated man is considered the mulatto. in an integrated society. For example, When black people become convinced the integrated man, perhaps an architect, that they can have an important post knows he is not superior or different with kinky hair, then they stop processing from a carpenter or the man who plants their hair. the trees. He knows this because his We have developed the Institute of Ethno­ work is integrated with theirs. He realizes graphy and Folklore precisely to recognize the importance of all work and should HA YDEE, CELIA, FIDEL (left to right) the African heritage in our culture. The know how to do most kinds of work. The Cuban tradition is rooted in African architect must appreciate construction culture. materials and know how. to plant trees. African culture is an inspiration for The new man is integrated with his work Art is integrated with politics. People (CTC) has 25 national groups. Each organi­ a lot of modern Cuban writing, wood­ and the rest of society and understands s.hould have beautiful things, not com \oer- zation on the local level has its theater carving and artesanry. I really believe the roots of everything. cialized things. In this society there is group -- in the factories, in the schools, in the folklore, though not the gods. It's QUESTION: How does the revolutionary no need for consumer manipulation. on the farms, in the provinces, there are beautiful. We teach the folklore in the government plan to create the new man? thousands. schools but not as a religion. The legends HA YDEE: All this is easy to say. It's Casa de las Americas tries to humanize values through a wide distribution of A man can be an actor and a worker are beautiful and the rituals creative and easy to theorize, but practice is much at the same time. All workers' theater always spontaneous. more important. Men cannot be moulded culture and art. Through art we can create a sensibility to being human. But changes groups in each province compete to form I want you to understand that I respect like dough. The new man has to come from the provincial group. When a worker is religion although I don't believe in it new parents -- a new generation. But can't be too abrupt, that would be in­ human too. chosen to join the provincial group the and don't like the bureacracy of the Church. fifteen years is a short time in the history workers in his plant are so proud that For example, look at Father Camilo of a people. And at least that much tim? Four years ago things were much worse. We got rid of the silly uniforms and you their group is represented that they usu­ Torres, he had the same attitude towards . is needed if the new man .is not to ally work overtime to do the work oftheir man as Che had. be created mechanically. Establishing no longer see children as doormen. What is fundamental is that children no longer comrade w;lile he is away at rehearsals and If 1 was a black North American I schools with free tuition, room, board, performances. Some of these provincial would have killed 1000 whites by now. books and clothes is not enough, since prostitute themselves for tourists. Come again in four years and you won't re­ groups are really as good as professionals. Racism in the U.S. seems worse than the teachers too would have to be new w'" h8.ve also brought culture to the the Batista tyranny. men. cognize the place

CONTINUED ON PAGE '){... "(... PAGE 18 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 CUbanHFRo;ui:AYOF PI~t CHICAGO by Arlene Eisen Bergman Why can't you break the separation American people must be re-humanized. through fraternity and revolutionary cons­ Start with the thirteen year olds. Develop ciousness?" When I tried to explain the internationalism, not selfishness in the In 1961, when the U.S. invaded Cuba at Playa Giron, centuries of distrust that have grown history and geography classes. We must between blacks and whites in this country, be the doctors who cure this dehumaniza­ Fausto Diaz was an illiterate black worker. On that beach, he understood, remembered Fanon and tion and teach people to work fo l' the he lost both legs and an arm defending revolutionary tried another tack. world and not themselves." "Well, the leaders have overcome this "Teach people the need for selfdefense. Cuba against imperialist bombers. He was seventeen years distrust, haven't they? If the masses If someone plants a bomb in a factory, have confidence in their leaders, the always explain to the workers why their old then. Today, seven years later, Fausto is a national unity can begin among the leaders and work place was blown up. If you talk hero. More importantly, he is a member of the central the masses will learn through their leaders about killing the enemy, always explain to overcome their distrust. Ifblackpeople why it is necessary to kill. Victory or committee of the Union of Communist Youth (UJC) and see white people carrying guns along death. But sometimes, when there's death, founder and chairmanofthe Jose Echevarria Youth Brigades. with the Panthers, they must ge~ some there's also victory. Che never will die confidence in the white revolutionaries." because he fell fighting, and others like He has nearly completed secondary school and when his "First sp,~ak from the same platform Inti Paredo in Bolivia are carrying on as the Panthers. Then go into the com­ the struggle right now. Also, remember time isn't occupied with organizational work, he hopes to munity individually with the Panthers that martyrs humanize the people, they study Kant. and wage your struggle against the cul­ show the sacredness of a really free tural nationalists with deeds. Whites will existence." I visited with Fausto for a day. 1 had talism. In Cuba there used to be many have to create martyrs. When the cops intended to rap about Playa Giron and sugar enterprises competing among each occupy the ghetto go into the ghettoes, Discipline the Cuban Youth Organizations. But he other. Eventually, the strongest ones eli­ carrying photos of Malcolm, Huey and started asking about our movement in minated the weakest. I'm not sayiI~g you Che, and take some of the bullets meant Fausto had talked a lot about using the U.S. and we never got off the subject. should act like ruthless robber barons. for black people. You need dramatic the youth's anxieties and personal grie­ As I was trying to explain where The analogy only says that those who action. Black people will have to think vances with society as political levers we are at, something unusual for con­ are most efficient in fig'hting capitalism that all whites can't be their enemy, if to reach new people. He also talked versations between Cubans and Americans must become the ll:'aders. Propose an a white man takes a bullet meant for about the need for disciplined organi­ took place. He began giving his spontaneous action which will carryall the sects to a black man." zation. These two themes reminded me gut reactions to the various issues and the objective situation of thl:' struggle -­ "This kind of commando action requires of the anti-authoritarianism of many of problems I was posing. then, sUbjective differenees must dis­ strong cadres. But the commandos will our most militant people, so I raised This was unusual because all Cubans appear or else the sed who clings to complement the organizing work being this contradiction with Fausto. feel that we know more about our situ­ its selfislmess will be defeated. Don't done in the schools and factories, and "I don' t know much about these people ation than they do and that each move­ get hung up arguing with them. show make this work more effective. It should that the press calls 'hippies'. IT they're ment must work out its problems on its them. Follow the example of Che who be easier to work on the cultural level the ones who are willing to fight in the own. No one tries to impose Cuban experi­ was able to incorporate many sectarian after the black community has seen such streets then they're good. But some day ence on others· -- least of all- Fausto. tendencies under his banner. I'm not deeds." they'll need to learn the usefulness of His reactions and suggestions were talking about the romantic Che. It would organization. I guess you must be with offered in the spirit of a personal inter­ be good to study his biography and po­ Group Interests & Selfishness them on a one-to-one basis for a long change among friends. He did this because litical thought -- not just his pictures time before they'll want to go to a meeting. he wished to correct what he considered and slogan5 that have become routinized" • I explained to Fausto how we were And your meetings should not be like the my own "defeatist" attitude. (I felt I "The people will rE"jectfalse vanguards. most effective when organizing around meetings of politicians. Revolutionary was just dealing honestly with American Once when a pf'asant was asked about the short-range group interest issues and meetings must be different. Affinity groups reality). ctifferC'iI,~e5 1:Jf'tween our Party and the that often the issues were not the same may be a revolutionary form, but can't people, he respondf,>d, "Have you ever for black and white groups. He thought be effective unless members of a van­ Street Fighters in the Factories seen noodles grow on trees?" The point that we should use the police more to guard coordinate them." is that a vanguard divorced from the dramatically demonstrate the nature of Fausto insists that youth have a vital "The victory depE'nds on discipline. peoplE" is as impossible as noodles grow­ our common enemy and interests. It is better to have 100 disciplined revo­ role in building a revolutionary movement. ing on trees. When Fidel goes to the I talked about the fear many of us have "Youth have been catalysts for all revo­ lutionaries than 1000 anarchists. For ex­ University, he doesn't talk to the rec­ of violence -- and explained how it was ample, you need arms and therefore you lutions". But when he says this, Fausto tor, he talks to the students. If a leader . a tremendous advance that today many has a special kind of person in mind. need to infiltrate reactionary groups. This is to be rf,>spected by the masses, if people in the white movement are no requires discipline. Leaders must be Someone who is willing to 1:Jf' a martyr the vanguard is legitimate, it must be longer afraid of tear gas. (When Fausto for tile revolution. "All revolutions need examples for the people that they can tied to the people at all times. When I talks about violence, he is referring to respect. In every difficult moment Che martyrs" . talk about leadf'rs and vanguard, I'm life and death struggles). and Fidel were always in the fighting The objective conditions for revolution not talking about manipulators and oppor­ "You always have to have confidence already exist in America, according to vanguard. I don't mean you should be tunists." in your base. It is your responsibility adventurists and stand in the line of fire Fausto. What is needed is a politically to raise the level of political conscious­ conscious group to tl:'ach the people about unnecessarily. You must respond to the Take the Bullets ness to over':ome this fear. You can hysterical violence of the imperialists the objective nel'o and possibilities for never do that if you don't have confi­ revolution. This educational process can­ Fausto was upset by the .Jack of unity with disciplined revolutionary violence." dence in the people. You must have "It was the revolutionaries who went not be carried on by intelleduals. The among white and black revolutionaries patience, everything can't be changed people can only be taught by deeds -­ in the U.S. He had the most trouble in to the Sierra -- and the Sierra forced in a day. You know, we used to have them to' be disciplined. You may have deeds coupled with ideological work. understanding tllis problem, perhaps be­ pacifists in Cuba -- not anymore, our your Sierra when you organize a real Whl:'n he speaks of masses Fausto means cause he had a., over-optimistic view survival depends on our militance." workers. When I raised the problem of vanguard and gain confidence in the of exactly how revolutionary white radicals "You can play on King's death a lot people." the long-standing gap betweE'n students are here. to show the futility of non-violence. and workers, he seemed to undf'rstand "You people must unite as revolution­ "You must create another Vietnam in­ Passivity in the face of all forms of side the U.S. We are all equal. The world the problem. but thinks it is surmountabll:'. arif,>5, not as black men and white men. American brutality is inhuman. The " Students can't use the same ml'thods is our country (El patria es el mundo)". . as the capitalists to organizeworkers. You just can't call a meeting and expect thf'1Il • to rl:'spond. The same people who hav~' bl:'en fighting in the streets should be organizing in factories and other places where the masses are. Then the street fighter can approach the worker as a friend and explain to him pers'onally why he took to the strc>ets. You must have pa­ tiencf'. You must do much more than talk. The worker whose son has bef'n fighting in the strepts will havE' sympathy .for the students. Thl:' worker wh()se bench­ mate has been bE'aten will have rl:'speet for the radieals" . "Besides, if you don't work with these people, the enemy will. You must start with the thirteen and fourtt.-'en year olds. Try to reach them through eultural things and entertainment. It' 5 like planting coff!?e -- the harvest takes many years. Our struggle began four hundrl:'d Yl:'ars ago when the Spaniards first raped Cuba." Fausto also thought it was important to work with secondary school teachl:'rs. "They are much less corruptible than university professors, and they reach the youth at a formative time" . He mentioned tutorials as a way to establish contact with the youtlJ. This got us into a discussion of liberalism and the various govprnment attempts at co­ optation and "domestic pacification pro­ grams». He had the idea that WE' should try to infiltrate these programs, or at least use some of them for our own purposes. "Work on any available front" . As soon as Fausto mentioned the im­ portance of a vanguard, I explained that in the U.S. we have too many" vanguards" . Many heads and no bodies, and rampant sectarianism. "You all have to face the same enemy -­ capitalism", he replied. "The rroblem is to filter out the false revolutionaries -­ filter them out in adion. Take the process of monopoly concentradon under capi-

NOVEMBER,1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 19 Students of Revolution

By a member of the Union of Students for the Liberation of South Vietnam. cree, tens of thousands of Saigon youth surrounded the office of Nguyen Khanh, forcing him to admit his crimes and re­ Student rebellion in Vietnam has grown nounce his constitution. and hardened since the days of the Diem In answer to the curfew order decreed regime. When the United States set up by Khanh and Tran Van Huong, students Diem .they also launched a corrupt cul­ mounted strikes, meetings and demonstra­ tural offensive. Much of this offensive tions precipitating the fall of the «civil" regime of imperialism. ) was aimed at Vietnamese youth, pushing At the beginning of 1966, in all important a seductive policy of cooption, urging them to join the. puppet army. cities, there were large strikes and self­ This tactic has failed to change the defense actiOns carried on by students and . will of Vietnamese students to resist. urban masses. This marked a new peakin Vietnamesestudents have inherited a long the urban struggle. The movement spread tradition of resistance, with much ex­ to provincial towns, even atfractingpuppet perience from the struggle against French soldiers ihd workers on U.S. construction colonialism. Numerous martyrs of the sites. past have become examples to the stu­ Because of good coordination between dents today. different levels of organization, the student movement had a big influence on the people of the cities, especiallyinthe Saigon ~ea. Student Political Demands In the Occupied'Zones In defiance of the fascist law 10/59, in defiance of guillotines and other methods At first the forces were. small, but they of torture, the students have organized grew quickly. There are some cities in strikes and demonstrations. In 1959, the which the number of student participants student movement made the following has r~~ched 80,000. demands: use the Vietnamese language' We have learned how to combine political in high schools and.' universities; change struggle with armed struggle. From street the curricula to correSpon d' with the in­ .demonstrations and strikeswe have passed dependent and nationalist Spirit of stu­ to higher forms--occupying the radio sta­ dents and for the improvement of Viet­ tions of the enemy, or the airport, and namese life; provide scholarships for arming.ourselves with sticks and knives. children of the poor. South Vietnamese students understand The student demands---were not----limited that the fight for student rights, liberty to the university's rola in political re- and democracy cannot be divorced from pression. Other d,~mandsincluded: comply the struggles waged by the people under with the Geneva accords or 1954; p·aace; the leadership of the NLF. regularize relations between the North It is for this reason that slogans like and Soutfi;1iOld-riegotfations b€'fWeen rep­ "Educational Refoqn" , «Expu\lsion ofSec­ resentatives of both regions to arrange ret Agents From the Schools" , are always for general elections; end anti commurU;st closely linked to slogans like" End Mili­ diatribes; end the destruction of cities tary Conscription", "Down With the Im­ which dislocates the urban population, .perialist Aggressors", and«End the War destroying their homes and way of iife. of Yankee Aggression". These demands indicate the development It is for this reason that the cultural c.f a once sporadic student movement into offensive of the Yankees is doomed to a political organization. They coincided failure. with insurrections in r,ural areas in 1959. These insurrections, togetherwith the In The Liberated Zones offensives launched by the guerillas and Armed Forces of Liberation, began des­ While students in the cities suffer the troying the local power of the enemy cruelest repression, students in the lib­ lOd attacking them in their urban dens. erated zones work with the NLF to trans­ form themselves into full citizens ofViet­ When the National Liberation Frontwas nam. founded, the Union of Students for the III spite of the bombs, machine guns, Liberation of South Vietnam (USL) joined massacres of children, and destruction it. This began a new, more sol!d political of schools, e!1ucation has developed greatly stage in the student movement. in liberated areas. More than 500,000 young people attend schools in which they Students and Wc;rkers receive a national, scientific and popular education. The political and armed struggle s of With the increase in schools, the quality the South Vietnamese people gave a big of education has also improved. And when push to student struggles in cities like the classes are not in session, teachers Saigon, DaNang, Nan Trang, and other and students alike participate in the con­ cities tnat had never before seen mass struction of villages, aid in production demonstrations. and combat and give classes to the rural This struggle contributed to the fall ,population. of Diem, and since Diem, has obliged Younger students gather cartridges and imperialism to restring their top pup­ bomb cannisters for the guerrillas. stu­ pet at least twelve times. dents are organized in teams to distribute On many occasions, students have co­ news and act as messengers and inter­ ordinated their efforts with Buddhist mediaries. Thousan'ps of students take part masses and other patriotic groups. They in political struggles along with their have strengthened their struggle by slowly parents. Many times young people have gaining the sympathy, support and parti­ thrown themselves to the ground, using cipation of their professors. Families their bodies to block the advance oftrucks of students and even a good number of or armored cars. officials, soldiers, and functionaries of The liberation struggle and its schools the puppet regime have also been reached. teach revolution. During the 'last 6 years The student movement is closely tied these schools have provided many mili­ with the worker's movement. The students tant cadres for the NLF and other fronts see the workers as the main force in of resistance. the anti-imperialist battle. The workers These schools also learnfrom and teach see the students as an important ally -­ youth who have had to leave the occupied often the catalyst of wider political strug­ zones. Some of these youth have enlisted gle. in the liberation forces. In September 1965 when 200,000 workers in Saigon-Cholon mounted a work stoppage, students declared their support and fought The General Offensive at the workers' side. And during the During the Tet offensive and the simul­ student-initiated demonstrations in Hue taneous revolt.s in the cities, students and Da Nang students received the support played an important role. They took up of the workers. This alliance has strength­ arms to fight against the aggressors and ened the political struggle which goes on their pimps. continually in the cities of the South. When needed, they are always ready to Imperialism forces this movement. In leave the universities. Thousands have an effort to pacify student unrest, an joined the armed units of the revolution "Educational Congress" was called, prom­ and the self-defense units in the cities. ising educational reform. At the same time Using the arms of the enemy against young demonstrators were being repress­ the enemy, fighting together with the urban ed with tanks, guns and poison chemicals. masses and the revolutionary armed forces, students have- become heroes in the streets--destroying Yankee tanks, Students on the Move shooting down planes in broad daylight. When the puppet army attacks the They have won the admiration of the pop­ schools the youth raise barricades, using ulation. chairs, sticks and rocks as defense against TROOPS OF THE GUERRillA ARMY The people of Vietnam--NorthandSouth the criminals. --young and old--are conscious of their In answer to the assassinations com­ ENTERING TOWNS LIBERATED DURING THE duty to defend their country. With the mitted by the Yankees, the students of thrust of the Tet offensive, and the leader­ Da Nang invaded the General Quartel of TET OFFENSIVE ship of the USL, students will continue the U.S. forces in that zone and captured to play a heroic role in the national lib­ six Americans. photos: Uberation News Service, South Vietnam eration struggle. In answer to the state of emergency de- South Vietnam, May 4, 1968 PAGE 20 THE MOVEMENT NOVEMBER, 1968 ROTC BUILDING ~. BURNS DOWN

by Stern and Shelton SEATTLE, WASH. Sept. 20 (LNS) -- A 0.·"·" crowd of 300 spectators, some cheering, "This is number one and the fun has just begun--burn, baby, burn," watched as the Naval ROTC building at the University WII"''I'S II",PPEIIED 'II SOU'III "'E'III,,,M of Washington burned Wednesday, Sept­ .ember 18, cavsing approximately $50,000 damage and demolishing military records ~.~ and files. The burning climaxed several recent incidences of political fire bombings and ~+. arson in Seattle, including destruction of the Central Area Motivation Program -t..f#. (the local War on Poverty), a number of businesses in the ghetto area, and an eating establishment that had discrimin­ .'~ ated against hip-types. Following the Wednesday fire, a Seattle a cadre of political educators to help newspaper reported that the University the street kids find out what politics administration was confronted with the was all about. possibility of having to police everybuild­ On the working class: it is important ing on the 600 acre UniversityofWashing­ to know that Cholon is not a "Chinese ton campus to prevent further disturb­ district" as it is presented in our papers. ances. It is a major Chinese and Vietnamese A fire marshall reflected official sen­ working class factory district. The NLF timent when he complained, "We feel moves freely through this district going this is a partiCUlarly bad situation. It in and out of Saigon; thus its strategic shows a great disrespect for authority importance to the NLF and the Americans. and for the country itself".•

"Clear And Hold" American strategy has also changed since Tet. No more Search and Destroy; no more pacification. It's now called Clear and Hold and is a version of the Cu Iture Assau Ited Enclave Theory. American forces rarely move out of their'entrenched positions. by Terence Cannon They establish a "fortress", destroy the jungle for miles around, plow the '.and At Lincoln Center on the perimeter and try to hold on to it. (The information here is based on a recent week of intense conversations between I asked one of the NLF people -­ by Sharon Shelton Americans in the anti-draft movement and young people from the NLF of South Viet­ what about the Enclave theory? He smiled nam). and said, "Khe Sahn was an enclave." NEW YORK, Sept 20 (LNS) -While There are no real enclaves in the South scores of New Yorkers hurried into mas­ Most Americans are aware that the Tet offensive by anymore. Saigon is far from a walled sive Lincoln Center to find out what city. The Front controls important sec­ movies to talk about this year, a small the National Liberation Front changed the nature of the tions of the city ("control" means that band of demonstrators had their own war and the political struggle in.South Vietnam. The the Saigon and American troops do not message about the elitist nature of the enter those sections, nor do the Saigon New York Film Festival and the arts political importance of the offensive and its aftermath police. The NLF has a secret parallel as a whole. has not been examined in depth. What I give here is government in these sections. The NLF The demonstration was organized by also freely brings its surplus rice from a coalition of groups including Newsreel, just an outline of important changes. the Mekong Delta into the city, sells it, a group of radical documentaryfilmakera; and uses the money to bUy American segments of the Columbia LiberaUOll On April 20 and 21 a conference of Reunification will take place step by guns and farm equipment.) School; and other political, theatre and the newly-formed Alliance of National, step through peacefUl negotiations between media groups. Democratic and Peace Forces of Vietnam .the two zones and without foreign in­ The Real Government Their methods of expression -- soap. was held in an area near Saigon. It fluences. suds in the fountain, jeers at Mayor published a manifesto similar to that More and more since the Tet offensive, Lindsay, and guerrilla theatre -- con­ of the Front and announced its support Cowbo.y's the NLF is acting the role of the actual trasted sharply with the austerity of the of and alliance with the Front. The pUb­ The bourgeoisie are not the only urban government of South Vietnam. Once only Lincoln Center Plaza and the atmosphere lic spokesmen for the Alliance were forces who have joined with the NLF. The a few countries allowed NLF delegates surrounding the festival's September 17 condemned to death by the Ky regime Front representatives who spoke to us to set up offices. Now most socialist opening night. and are now living in liberated zones. praised highiy the "cowboys", the street countries have NLF embassies. Offices The demonstration attacked the sterility The Alliance is an URBA.N ORGANI­ kids in Saigon, who joined them in the and information centers are being set of establishment arts and attempted to ZATION and represents the shift ofpower­ Tet offensive. "We COUldn't have done up this month in France, England and tie together the relation of the arts to ful forces over to the Front. They are what we did in Saigon without them," Sweden. This amounts to semi-official a racist and imperialist culture. A Libera­ respected members of the bourgeoisie one person said. "They knew every recognition of the NLF by these nations. tion School statement said: "We realize (one is a big landlord). Their support alley, ewry street in the city. And they The people of Vietnam are winning that war and racism in America are not amounts to recognizing the Front coa­ were brave fighters. After the offensive, the war, but the war isn't over. The isolated incidents, but inevitable and logi­ lition as the real government of South a group of them came to us and said -­ NLF delegation was asked, when will cal manifestations of a political economy Vietnam (more about this later). They We've helped you fight, now will you the war end? "When the Americans get which has created a deep, often sophisti- ­ have clearly decided to risk their fortunes teach us about politics?" The NLF left out," they said. It wasn't a pat answer. cated culture whose central function is with the Front rather than face being on to defend the system against revolution. the losing side. • We must extend our analysis to that culture." The Front Coalition Newsreel adds to the indictment: "Lin­ coln Center is the cultural manifestation The Tet offensive brought the cities of United States imperialism," dictating into direct participation in the revolution. the cultural "separateness, superiority As the Front wins militarily, it extends and inaccessibility of the upper class." its political influence over liberated and Some judged Tuesday's demonstration contested areas. It is buildingthe coalition against the Festival a failure because that will govern the country after the so few participated and because no dis­ war is over. This will be, as the Front ruptive action was taken insidethe theatre. makes clear, a coalition of "all strata Many thought Lincoln Center was a poor of the society" , from peasant to industria­ target to ~nake the point, because (Unlike list. many other festivals with similar pro­ Many American leftists seem shocked grams) it did not award prizes and many to hear that the Front is really a NAT­ of its films were excellent ones, made IONAL front for liberation. It is a patri­ by "underground" filmakers around the otic force, not just representing the peas­ world. ants (though they of course are in the Robert Kramer of Newsreel, however, vast majority), but representing every­ said -h.e thought it successful because one who wants the Yankees -- and every it "at least raised the question of Lin­ other foreign power -- out of their 'coun­ coln Center's legitimacy." This point is try. probably more significant than it first As the cities are liberated, similar appears, since the demonstration marks groups to the AllIance will be formed. one of the fi:-st attempts by the left to They will be part of the patriotic coa­ explain to the public the difficult issue lition that will govern after the war. of the relation of the arts to a racist Their immediate goal is an "indepen­ and imperialist culture•• dent, free, peaceful, n"u tral and pros­ perous state" of South Vietnam. This will be followed by reunification with the North. In the words of the Alliance, "National reunification is the eager as­ piration and the sacred obligation of our entire people. At present, there are ac­ tually two different political systems in north and South Vietnam. National re­ unification cannot be achieved overnight." photo: Liberation News Service, South Vietnam NOVEMBER,1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 21 ·,~ problems on an individual basis. On their own initiative and after much discussion "Rich Women Were Never HAYDEE, Cont. from Page 18 they carne upon the idea of having a Discriminated Against4.1 restaurants were closed, the chairman communal refrigerated room. In this case, QUESTION: What is your view of the accused a lo~al entrepreneur of dealing the people became their own leaders role of women in society? 'the Party is Directed By Man because they dealt with their individual HAYDEE: If a woman lets hur husband ...... in the black market since he always .. had meat for sandwiches late at night problems as a collective problem. This push her around, she's stupid. Machismo Not An Abstract God after the state restaurant had run out. represents an important step in raising (male chauvinism Spanish style) used revolutionary consciousnp.ss. to come from economic position. Rich QUESTION: Would you talk a little about I knew that the accused had nothing to do with the black market. His meat lasted You may think that the case of re­ women were never discriminated against. how you think revolutionary organizations frigerators is a trivial decision, but it When there was unemployment all over, develop? longer because he cut thinner slices. But I couldn't pull rank and announce is not. These small problems of housing before the revolution, poor women were HAYDEE: Now it is simpler, because· my knowledge expecting the issue would refrigerators are important. The ques­ the hardest hit. When the revolution came we have state power. Before we had state be dropped. I raised my hand and only tion of who gets a new house involves women really weren't prepared to take an power there were no well-organized mass stated that before we accuse this man basic political issues, it is not a matter active role. First they had been under organizations, only the Cuban people a­ perhaps there should be a more thorough of who has the most money. The same the yoke of their father and then later gainst the tyranny of Batista. The July 26 investigation.- After a committee investi­ process in deciding refrigerator questions under the yoke of their husband. Women Movement was the closest to being a gation, at the neXt CDR meeting the is involved in so-called "larger" issues were completely brutalized under the mass organization, especially after the entrepreneur was absolved. and policies. Besides, in an underde­ old system. They only served to make ~licies armed struggle in the Sierra began. The CDR gives a voice to the masses. veloped country with regard to and rear kids. So they had no experience The July 26 Movement had the best This organization reflects all their griev­ material things like refrigerators are of in dealing with people or collective prob­ leaders -- all were reVOlutionaries, but ances. In cases where their grievances top importance. By the way, the oppor­ lems. They never left the house. our leaders were the most competent are real but cannot be solved because tunity for this kind of participation in Now my worry is that women may ones. Fidel, with all the same conditions material conditions prevent solution, those decision-making and the collectivization become a bit too self-sufficient. and intentions, things would have been conditions are explained in the CDR. of the problem is another way people QUESTION: What is your idea of woman's different without Fidel. CDR also draws distinctions between col­ get practice in creating the new man. liberation? (. JESTION: How do you view the role lective and personal or egotistic prob­ Refrigerators may not be important in HAYDE E: Women's liberation doesn't of revolutionary leaders? lems. When the people are able to recog­ a developed country like the United mean enslavement of men. The solution HAYDEE: I'm a Marxist-Leninist revo­ nize their problems as a COllective, the States. But on the cultural level the is to create conditions so that the woman lutionary and I think the role of leaders first step towards the solution is passed. United States is underdeveloped. Always and the man are freed from household is very very very important. There must looking for the cheapest goods and com­ drudgery -- nurseries, prepared foods, be someone to guide and orientate the QUESTION: How do people participate mercialization of life is the worst kind launderies, etc. party. The Party is directed by man in the decision-making process? of brutalization. Sometimes I wish the The fact that women use make-up and ~­ not an abstract god. One must believe in HAYDEE: I'll give you a concrete Yankees would invade again, just let set their hair is not a sign of alienation man. ample. A certain district had a refriger­ them touch the smallest leaf on one of or subjugation. Concern for your appear­ Because I am a Cuban I won't even ator problem. Everyone had a new house our trees and we'll show them how de­ ance is a matter of self-respect. I'm use a Cuban example. The Communist and each one wanted a refrigerator, but veloped and brave they are. They're sorry that I don't have more time to party in Viet Nam is a real revolutionary given our economic situation it was im­ animals. For the slightest bit of mineral, go to the beauty parlor. We should never party because of Ho Chi Minh. The Com­ possible for each household to have its they will destroy the history of an en­ lose our femininity. munist Party in Korea is revolutionary own refrigerator. The people, in this tire people. I am not anti-imperialist The most important thing is equal with Kim II Sung. There exist Communist case it was in a local power meeting, out of ideology, but from my guts, be.­ job opportunity. Today women have the Parties in Latin America which are more recognized that they couldn't solve their cause of a sensitivity for humanity. same job rights as men in Cuba. But r~~ooa~ than Amertcan P~itk~M,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~you can't change biology with revolu­ more reactionary than the CIA! IJ tionary laws and there are some jobs A vanguard party needs vanguard lead- whiG,h women just can't perform. We ers. Everyone can't be a leader until we still haven't created all the conditions have the new man -- the new society. to Huey Newton for women's liberation. The main prob­ QUESTION: What is the relationship be­ lem is childcare. We need many more tween the leaders and the.masses. nurseries and our nurseries must im­ HAYDEE: The local mass organizations It is the season for wild storms, black man. prove. Children need their mother and are very important. For example Local we are trying to design our nurseries Power (<ing released when the March office for "pacifying" the Vietnamese people have backfired. will decide the fate of soml1 700 men from called the base to enquire about them. And now they have announced their intentions to release at least 4 reserve units. Some, who The organizers of the March have been joined before 1966, are suing for breach ordered to bases in Utah and Taiwan for all 16,000 Air National Guardsmen and Air Reservists of contract, as they were told they could the timE' the March is to take place, be called only in case of war or a nat­ but these orders have so far been re­ by next summer. ional emergency. Others, who joined after versed by civUian courts. Plenty of guys in the military are a law was passed in 1966 allowing Johnson The latest ploy of the brass is to opposed to the war and many are against to call up the reserves when he damn pull inspections, "beautification detail", everything about the mtlitary, and the well feels like it, are contending that and riot drill at the local bases on Oct­ reserves probably contain somewhat more the law is an unconstitutional delegation ober 12. Aubrey Grossman, an attorney than their share. Men who joined, in of power by Congress to the Executivp. for the March, is filing an injunction many cases, because it looked like a way branch. In addition to wanting out, 257 to compel the military to show cause to stay out of the war and are now prob­ soldiers in the 29th Brigade at Scho­ why these events should take place on ably far into school or secure in jobs. field Barracks, Hawaii, are also asking October 12. Men who are older than most draftees, for $10,000 each in damages. The brass, might be able to cut down have had more formal education and are The brass is becoming frantic about on the number of GIs participating in pretty used to dealing with bureaucracies the GI March for Peace which will take the March, but nobody is going to be by this time and know how to find the place in San Francisco on October 12 fooled by the extra work and inspections. weak points. (starting at Golden Gate Park's Panhandle And the men aren't going to be happy So the military now has to deal with at 11:00 AM) Generals are recommend­ about it either. No doubt the Pentagon anti-war activity even among their most ing that the demonstration "be quashed if and their puppets in the multiversities priviledged and elite group, the Air Force. possible because of possible severe im­ are starting to work on pacification pro­ pact on military discipline throughout grams for their own troops. But they the services". Military patrols at Ham- ain't gonna work either.•

PAGE 22 THE MOVEM ENT NOVEMBER, 1968 Game submitted by a Fort Knox GI who wishes to remain anonymous. Adapted from FTA (FUN, TRAVEL and AVENTURE an enlisted mens news paper. North 20th St., Louisv1lle, Ken tucky 40203.

INSTRUCTIONS I. YOU MUST OBEY THESE INSTRUCTIONS EXPLICITLY FAILURE TO COMPLY WILL R:';SULT IN FORFEITURE OF TURN AND A FINE NOT TO EXCEED 1/4 THE COST OF THE G,\r\lE, II. ALL PLAYERS WILL MOVE IN A COUNTER-CLOCKWISE DIRECTION, BEGIN AT 2400, TERMINATE AT 0100. III. THE DICE !\IUST BE SHAKEN IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWIW:; POSITIONS: SQUAT, PRONE, PRONE SUPPORTED. IV: LIFERS MAY USE LOADED DICE: ALL OTHERS MUST PLAY THE GAME ACCORDING TO THE RULES. V. SHJ0LD A PROBLE'\1 ARISE DURING THE A (~A~E FOR YOUNGMEN AGES 18··.15 COURSE OF THE GAME. A PANEL OF 3 PERSONS WILL DECIDE ON A RUL­ ING. THIS RULING ;\1 AY BE APPEALED BUT TO NO AVAIL. SO DON'T AP_ PEAL, SIMPLY CONTIN_ UE WITH THE GAME. THE OLYMPICS OF MURDER The students in Mexico have beenfacing incredible brutality. The headlines of Oct. 2, "At least. 40 dead", this 40 is added to a list of well over 100. Sixty more are mfssing since July. It is.be­ lieved that they were lined up and forced to wait for tanks which crushed them to death. Their bodies were incinerated to prevent proof of death. And the Mexico City Hilton continues to take reservations for 'people planning to attend the Olympics. The Mexican oligarchy has poured over $150 million into facilities to accomodate tourists who come for the Games. They even printed new money so there wopld be enough for the visitors to spend. As new hotels were being constructed. Mexico's slum population grew. People seemed quiet. Nothing, it seemed, would upset the Games, except maybe an Afro- American boycott . Mexican Silence Broken July 25. An apparently unimpo'rtant event (a fight between rival high school students) brings unexpected consequences. Riot cops and secret service agents occupy the schools. The pattern for the coming months is established; student disturbance, police and army brutalover­ reaction, student protest, pig reaction, revolutionary violence. ,July 26. Pigs attack and shoot into a peacefUl, legal demonstration which is protesting yesterday's occupation and celebrating the beginning of the Cuban Revolution. By July 29; 200,000 students in Mexico' are on strike. The strike at the National University, its 29 affiliated schools and' many high schools has continued until the present. The p~esence of the army on campuses organized the students. The students responded to tll-nks and battalions with combat committees, political brig­ ades; stones, molotov cocktails and even some bUllets. These brigades, combined with govern­ on the Campus of the National University. declares: "Boycott the'Olympic Games -­ They didn't have. enough time to pro­ ment atrocity, have been successful ~n Now, the :v1exican Army with 90 tanks Behind the.facade of new Paint, flowers, claim they were accomplishing a revo­ gaining support among the population for and 10,000 men occupy the National Uni­ beautiful buildings, stadiums and foun­ lution of 'consciousness. Instead of pr9C­ the students. People inlower classhousing versity. tains there lies a barricade of barbed lamations, actions showed that something projects have been sympathetic. In fact, wire, guns and tanks to hide from the revolutionary was happening. one of the cops who was killed was shot Support for Our Brothers world the truth about the conditions of On August 27, at least 35 were killed. by an army man when. the cops broke the Mexican people. These facts can no 'Some 300,000 students and their support­ into his house to arrest his mother who No one should go to the Olympics. longer be concealed because of the heroic ers staged a peaceful march through had been helping the stUdents. People who lIllve already left for Mexi­ action of hundreds ofthousands of MexicaJi Mexico City. Their bravery in the face On thE: marches, there were parents, co should. do everything they can to sup­ students who have succeeded. in ripping of tanks and machine guns was heroic. workers, small businessmen, farm la­ port the students while they are there. away the mask of lies ..• The cynical They demanded removal of the '?olice borers. Banners idenfified each group In New York, there was a rally at politicians out-smarted themselves by Chief and his assistants, dissolution of of supporters. Many groups not directly the Mexican Embassy. One Mexican choosing to use the students as pawns the riot squads, repeal of Article 145 involved have actively supported the speaker said, "Before the revolution in in their political intrigue. They merely of the Constitution which gives the gOV-.r strike: a group of writers and artists. Mexico, 2% of the population controlled sparked a chain of events which will ernment extraordinary powers to deal groups of electrical workers, bakery 80% of the land. Now, after 60 years certainly lead to the overthrow of the with subversion, indemnification of the workers, telephone workers. There is also of •revolution', 1. 6% controls 70% of the existing police state which must be re­ families of slain stUdents, investigation a letter from a guerrilla leader, Genaro riches of the land" • placed by a popular and genuinely demo­ of those responsible and freedom for all Vazquez, expressing sympathy with the A statement issued by SDS and the cratic society based on the whole popu­ political prisoners (there are thousands). movement. International Assemby of Revolutionary lation and for their benefit." These demands Were. highly. political be­ Students convened at Columbia University VIVA MEXICO. • •• cause they desanctify «Mexican demo­ The Agitators Responsible cracy", and repression shows the true nature of the regime. The only one responsible for the crisis In the follOWing days, the demands were is the Mexican Oligarchy which, in its ignored. More were killed and arrested. zeal to present to the worm its Jan11S .IiIAnT POSTERS! This is how a rebellion. against police face freed from the poverty ofthe country, brutality turns into a rc~ Jlt :l.;;:l.ir.st C'cr­ pc;:;v.:':: lilcapable of predicting the con­ ruption,exploitation and .njustice. slilqUences of its own intolerance. They (22 X 28 inches) have staked everything on the profits of the Olympics. The middle class hoped Political Brigades ". the Games would boost Mexico's prestige. MALCOLM X In order to combat the continuous cam­ The catch is that political tranqUility paign of lies in the press, the students is a prerequisite for the Olympics coming are sending political brigades all over to and staying in any country. The govern­ $1.00 EACH. the City to distribute leafiets, speak ment thought a big show of force would to the people. Over and over these leaf­ shut the students up for at least the ONLY .751[ lets and speeches n~peat that the stu- S dUration of the Olympics. They were IOMO,.m~ dents are not just fighting to protest wrong. SObscnbC brutality, but are defending the legal The students have made clear that constitution, and protesting corruption, they plan to try to break up the Olympics exploitation, injustice, poverty, illiteracy, if their demands are not met. The Olym­ lack of freedom of speech, press, etc. pic Stadium, with a great mosaic relief Many brigades·~are arrested. of Diego Rivera on the outside, is located w .SPECIAL BULK RATES -Q . ~ *SUBSCRIBE TO· THE MOVEMENT!") . t'~r \..-,()Jt ,." NAME \ .-.., I ADDRESS 1t.. ' '·'D'.'.' ) -'" ifi f " CITY STATE ZIP , ~;IJ ~J\\f\ Please send me: Next 12 issues of THE MOVEMENT ($2) ~I !Vlalcolm X posters

RHp Brown posters Clll:ck If ••• fvl0vementJ Rap Brown Poster .""""l=~' sUhscri~r by Ervin Cobbs \I:::: $ $1.50 MAIL TO THE MOVEMENT 55 COLTON STREET SEND ONE TO A fRIENDl SAN FRANCISCO, CA, 94103 PAGE 24 THE iv10VEMENT NOVEMBER', 1968