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Society for Industrial Microbiology Christine L SIM—p. 1 Society for Industrial Microbiology Christine L. Case, Ed. D. Microbiology Professor Skyline College/San Bruno CA Society for Industrial Microbiology Director, 1996—1999 Robert Schwartz, Ph. D. Abbott Laboraties/North Chicaco IL Society for Industrial Microbiology Fellow and President, 1991—1992 Published in In M. C. Flickinger and S. W. Drew (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology,pp. 2120- 2124. John Wiley, 1999.. The Society for Industrial Microbiology (SIM) is a develop after Pasteur’s initial experiments, probably non–profit professional association dedicated to the due to the lack of good culture methods and advancement of applied microbiological sciences, selective media. In the late 1800s, Jokichi Takamine especially as they apply to industrial products, brought the Koji process for producing amylase to biotechnology, materials, and processes. In 1996, the United States. He received the first U.S. patent the Board of Directors recommended to the on an enzyme production process and established membership to change the Society’s name to the the first fermentation company in the United States. Society for Industrial Microbiology and (1) Except for a few outstanding contributions Biotechnology. This change reflects the careers and mainly involving lactic acid, acetone–butanol technologies that have developed since the 1980s fermentations, and production of yeast and yeast and will be put to a vote by membership. A primary products, industrial microbiology did not progress objective of SIM is to serve as a liaison between the very rapidly until after 1900. In 1896 at the various specialized fields of applied microbiology. It Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Samuel C. promotes the exchange of scientific information Prescott initiated the first course in industrial through meetings and publications. Industrial biology. The first textbook in industrial microbiology is the application of scientific and microbiology was not published until 1940, engineering principles to the processing of materials however. (2) by microorganisms or other biological agents to Industrial microbiologists in the 1940s worked create useful products for the benefit of humankind. with deterioration of military material, solvent These microorganisms may be natural isolates, fermentations, and penicillin production. As these laboratory selected mutants, or scientists began to accumulate experimental results genetically–engineered microbes. there was a natural desire to share their findings with Members of SIM include bacteriologists, scientific colleagues at a national society meeting molecular biologists, mycologists, chemists, and in scientific journals. However, there was no engineers, geologists, marine biologists, and plant central organization in which to share their findings pathologists. These scientists, technicians, because these scientists came from a variety of administrators, and educators represent many scientific specialties including plant pathology, organizations in industrial and educational as well as medical laboratories, materials engineering, and federal and state laboratories and are involved in academic mycology and bacteriology. Moreover, it research, process development, production, and was difficult for a purely practical paper in quality control for a wide variety of products microbiology to secure a place on the program of including antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals, existing societies or to find an opportunity for vaccines, diagnostic tests, foods and beverages; publication in the established journals. These agricultural biotechnology and biocides; microbial scientists became unhappy and a conflict developed products such as enzymes, amino acids, and between basic and applied microbiology carbohydrates; oil recovery and mining; and practitioners. In 1951, the Society of American bioremediation. Bacteriologists authorized a new journal called The common denominator of applied or Applied Microbiology. Unfortunately, the first issue industrial microbiology is microbial science in the was not published until January 1953. service of humans. In fact, the science of The decision to publish Applied Microbiology microbiology developed from problems associated took too long in the minds of the industrial with some microbial processes which had immediate microbiologists of the late 1940s. Walter Ezekiel, application to humans. Microorganisms have been Bureau of Ordinance, Department of the Navy used for the production of food, clothing, and drink (Washington DC) wrote to and spoke with a number for centuries but leavening bread, fermenting wine, of individuals during the summer and autumn of producing vinegar, and retting flax had been 1949 suggesting formation of a new Society for practiced in ignorance. It was not until 1864 that Industrial Microbiology. Ezekiel arranged with Louis Pasteur defined the role of microorganisms in Raymond L. Taylor, Associate Administrative fermentations. Industrial microbiology was slow to Secretary of the American Association for the SIM—p. 2 Advancement of Science (AAAS), to schedule and plenary sessions, roundtables, poster sessions, advertise a meeting of interested persons during the workshops, and extensive technical exhibits. AAAS meeting in New York. (3) Ezekiel published Between 1960 and 1970, SIM sponsored a short announcement of the meeting in Science, in Summer Institutes on microbiological problems of which he stated that “A new society of industrial current interest with topics including “Industrial microbiologists is to be organized to cover the Microbial Genetics” and “Federal Regulations for borderline work in application of microbiologic Disinfectants, Drugs and Cosmetics.” In 1960, SIM knowledge or processes to work with industrial sponsored the initial Conference on Antimicrobial materials. The society plans to Agents. This was a mammoth undertaking for the handle…microbiologic manufacturing processes and small organization and sponsorship was microbiologic assay. The organization meeting will subsequently released to the American Society for be held December 29 at 4:00 P.M. at the Hotel Microbiology (Interscience Conference on McAlpin Ballroom” (4). On that date, over 250 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, ICAAC) interested persons met in the ballroom of the Hotel (6). In 1978, the Alma Dietz Actinomycete McAlpine in New York City. There, it was decided roundtable discussions were included and have since to form a new society to affiliate with the newly become a part of all subsequent Annual Meetings. formed American Institute of Biological Sciences In 1987, reaffirming its commitment of service (AIBS). Charles Thom, Northern Regional Research to the microbial biotechnologist, SIM approved the Laboratory (Peoria IL) was elected Acting Chair and organization of a Special–topic Conference Series. Charles. L. Porter, Purdue University (West These conferences run two to three days and usually Lafayette IN), Acting Secretary. Ezekiel’s motion to result in the production of a monograph. Initiated by establish a scientific organization known as the George Somkuti (President, 1985—86), the first Society for Industrial Microbiology with its general event in the series was the International Conference scope the field of microbiology as applied to on the Biotechnology of Microbial Products: Novel industrial materials and processes was passed. It was Pharmacological and Agrobiological Activities decided at that meeting, over the objections of a few, (BMP), held March 13–16, 1988. BMP is held every that the group would meet the following year, again three years. Since then, SIM has sponsored or with AIBS. Thom appointed the following members cosponsored special conferences on a regular basis. of the Organizing Committee: Maynard M. Baldwin Other conference series include: Recent Advances in (Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus OH), F. G. Fermentation Technology (RAFT), initiated in 1995. Walter Smith (University of Miami Marine RAFT is held biannually and is cosponsored with Laboratory, Coral Gables FL), Earnest A. Walker the Biochemical Technology Division of the (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC), American Chemical Society. The aim is the free William L. White (Farlow Herbarium, Harvard exchange of newly developed fermentation University), Ezekiel, and Porter. (5) technologies related to current highly productive, The committee met several times during the consistent, scaleable, and economical processes. first year to prepare a program and write a Fermentation microbiology, biochemistry, constitution for the new society in preparation for biocatalysis, and biochemical engineering aspects the first annual meeting to be held with AIBS at are explored. Ohio State University, September 11—13, 1950. In The sixth Genetics and Molecular Biology of Ohio, Thom was elected the first President and Industrial Microorganisms (GMBIM) conference, Porter, the Secretary–treasurer. In 1951, the new cosponsored with Indiana University Institute of SIM met with AIBS at the University of Minnesota Molecular and Cellular Biology, was held in 1996 at and Thom was elected president for a second term. Indiana University. This continuing series provides a In 1952, the meeting was at Cornell University. forum for academic and industrial scientists to The need for an interdisciplinary society first exchange information on the latest developments in conceived by Ezekiel became apparent and the genetics and biochemistry of microbes of membership grew at a rapid pace. In
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