(1854-1922) and Caroline Hitch Takamine (1866-1954): Biography
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JOKICHI TAKAMINE 1 JOKICHI TAKAMINE (1854-1922) AND CAROLINE HITCH TAKAMINE (1866-1954): BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Compiled by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi 2012 Copyright © 2012 by Soyinfo Center JOKICHI TAKAMINE 2 Copyright (c) 2012 by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems - except for use in reviews, without written permission from the publisher. Published by: Soyinfo Center P.O. Box 234 Lafayette, CA 94549-0234 USA Phone: 925-283-2991 Fax: 925-283-9091 www.soyinfocenter.com [email protected] ISBN 9781928914464 (Takamine without hyphens) ISBN 978-1-928914-46-4 (Takamine with hyphens) Printed 10 Sept. 2012 Price: Available on the Web free of charge Search engine keywords: Biography of Jokichi Takamine (1854-1922) Biography of Caroline Takamine (1866-1954) Biography of Caroline Hitch Takamine (1866-1954) Jokichi Takamine: His Life and Work Jokichi Takamine and Koji Caroline Field Hitch (1866-1954) Caroline Hitch (1866-1954) Jokichi Takamine, Jr. (1888-1930) Ebenezer Takashi Takamine (1889-1953) Eben Takamine (1889-1953) Ebenezer Takamine (1889-1953) Seiichi Takamine (born 18 June 1827 in Takaoka, Japan; died 21 Aug. 1900 in Kanazawa, Japan; father of Jokichi Takamine) Seiichi Takamine (1827-1900,Takaoka, Japan) Yukiko Tsuda (born 25 March 1835 in Takaoka, Japan; died 29 April 1894 in Kanazawa, Japan) Biography of Charles Beach (1889-1967) Biography of Charles P. Beach (1889-1967) Biography of Charles Pablo Beach (1889-1967) Copyright © 2012 by Soyinfo Center JOKICHI TAKAMINE 3 Contents Page Dedication and Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction and Brief Chronology, by William Shurtleff .......................................................................................... 5 About This Book ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 Abbreviations Used in This Book ................................................................................................................................ 15 How to Make the Best Use of This Digital Book - Search It! .................................................................................... 16 Takamine Family Tree .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Full-Page Graphics ................................................................................................................................................. 19-20 Jokichi Takamine and Caroline Hitch Takamine: 601 References in Chronological Order ................................. 21 Contains 114 Photographs and Illustrations Subject/Geographical Index by Record Numbers ................................................................................................... 251 Last Page of Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 261 Copyright © 2012 by Soyinfo Center JOKICHI TAKAMINE 4 DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Japanese translation and maps: Akiko Aoyagi Shurtleff. This book is dedicated to Jokichi Takamine, Caroline Takamine, and Charles P. Beach. And to J.W. Bennett, Loma Linda University, Del E. Webb Memorial Library PhD - the dean of American Takamine scholars - with (Seventh-day Adventist): Janice Little, Trish Chapman. the strong wish that she may be able to write her book- length biography of Jokichi and Caroline Takamine. We would also like to thank our co-workers and friends at Soyinfo Center who, since 1984, have played a major role in collecting the documents, building the library, and producing Part of the enjoyment of writing a book lies in meeting the SoyaScan database from which this book is printed: people from around the world who share a common interest, and in learning from them what is often the knowledge Irene Yen, Tony Jenkins, Sarah Chang, Laurie Wilmore, or skills acquired during a lifetime of devoted research or Alice Whealey, Simon Beaven, Elinor McCoy, Patricia practice. We wish to give deepest thanks... McKelvey, Claire Wickens, Ron Perry, Walter Lin, Dana Scott, Jeremy Longinotti, John Edelen, Alex Lerman, Lydia Of the many libraries and librarians who have been of great Lam, Gretchen Muller, Joyce Mao, Luna Oxenberg, Joelle help to our research over the years, several stand out: Bouchard, Justine Lam, Joey Shurtleff, Justin Hildebrandt, Michelle Chun, Olga Kochan, Loren Clive, Marina Li, University of California at Berkeley: John Creaser, Lois Rowyn McDonald, Casey Brodsky, Hannah Woodman, Farrell, Norma Kobzina, Ingrid Radkey. Elizabeth Hawkins, Molly Howland, Jacqueline Tao, Lynn Hsu, Brooke Vittimberga. Northern Regional Library Facility (NRLF), Richmond, California: Martha Lucero, Jutta Wiemhoff, Scott Miller, Special thanks to Tom and Linda Wolfe of Berwyn Park, Virginia Moon, Kay Loughman. Maryland. And to Lorenz K. Schaller of Ojai, California. Stanford University: Molly Molloy, who has been of special For outstanding help on this Takamine book we thank: help on Slavic-language documents. J.W. Bennett, PhD. Mary Ellen Bowden, Chicago History Museum, John Conway, Wayne Dawson, Naoto Endo, Kate National Agricultural Library: Susan Chapman, Kay Derr, Gordon, Sharon E. Hunt, Isamu “Sam” Ikeda, J.J. Lamb, Carol Ditzler, John Forbes, Winnifred Gelenter, Henry Hitoshi Masuyama, Kanazawa Furusato Ijinkan (Great Gilbert, Kim Hicks, Ellen Knollman, Patricia Krug, People of Kanazawa Memorial Museum), Bonnie Meyer, Sarah Lee, Veronica Lefebvre, Julie Mangin, Ellen Mann, Peoria Public Library, Tara Buckstad-Russo, Andrew Salinas, Josephine McDowell, Wayne Olson, Mike Thompson, Sherri Schneider, Elaine Sokolowski, Sullivan County Tanner Wray. Government Center, Tomio Taki, Mary Ann Toomey, Yutaka Yamamoto. Library of Congress: Ronald Jackson, Ronald Roache. Finally our deepest thanks to Tony Cooper of San Ramon, Lane Medical Library at Stanford University. California, who has kept our computers up and running since Sept. 1983. Without Tony, this series of books on the Web Contra Costa County Central Library and Lafayette Library: would not have been possible. Carole Barksdale, Kristen Wick, Barbara Furgason, Sherry Cartmill, Linda Barbero. This book, no doubt and alas, has its share of errors. These, of course, are solely the responsibility of William Shurtleff. Harvard University’s Five Botanical Libraries (especially Arnold Arboretum Library): Jill Gelmers Thomas. This bibliography and sourcebook was written with the hope that someone will write a detailed and well-documented French translation: Martine Liguori of Lafayette, California, history of this subject. for ongoing, generous, and outstanding help since the early 1980s. Copyright © 2012 by Soyinfo Center JOKICHI TAKAMINE 5 INTRODUCTION Brief chronology of Jokichi Takamine. 1865 – Aware of increasing pressure from the West, the samurai lord of the Kaga domain decides to send promising 1827 June 18 – Seiichi Takamine, his father, is born in boys from his province to Nagasaki, which at time was the Takaoka city, Kaga-han (feudal domain), Etchū province, only place in Japan where fl eeting glimpses of the West Japan. His family were samurai physicians (Kanazawa could be obtained. Jokichi (age 12) is one of those sent to Furusato Ijinkan). Nagasaki (600 miles away) where he is taken into the home of Portuguese Consul Lorero to learn basic English. When 1835 March 25 – Yukiko Tsuda, his mother, born in the Consul was found to be more or less versed in Japanese, Takaoka, Kaga-han, Etchū province, Japan. Her family in 1866 Jokichi was sent to Missionary Fulbenchy’s English owned and operated a sake (rice wine) factory; sake is made School in Nagasaki (Kawakami 1928, p. 6; Iinuma 1993). from rice koji. 1866 Aug. 5 – Caroline Field Hitch, Jokichi’s wife to be, is 1853 July 8 – Commodore Matthew C. Perry fi rst arrives in born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. Her parents are Ebenezer Japan, in Edo (today’s Tokyo) harbor with his heavily armed Vose Hitch and Mary Beatrice Field. and menacing fl eet of tall black ships. Japan has been closed to virtually all European contact since 1639 (214 years). 1867 – The Imperial Court and the new Meiji government The Japanese ask him to kindly move on to Nagasaki. He move from the ancient city of Kyoto to Tokyo (formerly refuses and forces them to take a letter from American Edo), the new capital of Japan. president Willard Fillmore which demands that ports be opened to American trade, that prisoners be treated well and 1868 – Jokichi (age 15) moves to Kyoto where he studies given back, etc. The Japanese reject his demands and Perry military science at Yukinosuke Ando’s private school. Soon withdraws from Japan knowing he would return. he moves to Osaka, where he enters the Ogata private school (Iinuma 1993). 1854 March 31 – Commodore Perry returns to Edo Harbor, Japan, in Feb. 1854, more heavily armed than before. After 1869 – In Osaka, he enters the Osaka Medical School. Also long and tense negotiations, on 31 March 1854, the Japanese receives analytical chemistry lessons under Prof. Litter of sign the Treaty of Kanagawa, which “opens”