S ALZBURG S EMINAR

UNIVERSITIES PROJECT

THE FIRST FOUR YEARS 1997–2000 MESSAGE his report is an overview of the first four years of the Salzburg TSeminar’s Universities Project, which was created to help promote FROM THE higher education reform in Central and East Europe and in the Russian Federation. It is also an acknowledgement and expression of gratitude to PRESIDENT those who made this Project possible by their generosity and their spirit of volunteerism. First and foremost, we owe this initiative to the AND THE visionary and sustained commitment of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, which are funding the DIRECTOR Universities Project and its adjunct Visiting Advisors Program, respectively. Without the generous and steady support of these two OF THE foundations, none of the activities described herein would have happened. We are also grateful for the Project’s growing number of UNIVERSITIES partners and friends who have donated their time and expertise to give intellectual and practical guidance to the Universities Project. The ROJECT P continuing counsel of the Project’s Advisory Committee has been absolutely crucial to the success of our work, as has been the support of many other individuals who have become active participants of the Project. We believe it is fair to say that, over time, the Project has become one of the most active and effective interfaces between North American and European university leaders, not only as a neutral interface, but as an active advocate of transatlantic mutual learning and understanding. The Salzburg Seminar will continue to provide a meeting place where leaders in higher education can meet, exchange views, and share experiences. We will continue to focus on the practicalities of managing modern universities. It is a pleasure for us to provide this report on the first four years of the Universities Project and to share it with all who have participated in the Project thus far.

Olin Robison Jochen Fried President Director, Universities Project THE UNIVERSITIES PROJECT: HISTORY AND OVERVIEW TABLE OF Rationale ...... 1 CONTENTS Chronology ...... 2

Technology and the Universities Project ...... 7

Initiatives Resulting from the Universities Project ...... 8

Possible Extension of the Universities Project to Other Regions . . . . .10

Universities Project Advisory Committee ...... 11

Universities Project List of Participants ...... 12

VISITING ADVISORS PROGRAM

Background and Development ...... 27

Goals ...... 28

Toward Improvement and Continuation ...... 28

Case Study: VAP Trip to the Budapest University of Technology and Economics ...... 30

VAP List of Consultant Visits ...... 32

Salzburg Seminar Board of Directors ...... 39 Schloss Leopoldskron is home to the Salzburg Seminar and the Universities Project.

The Universities Project is made possible by a generous grant from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.

The Salzburg Seminar is deeply grateful to the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation for its sustained support of the Universities Project. Beginning with a planning grant in 1996 and continuing with program funding from 1997 to 2002, the Hewlett Foundation’s vision of and commitment to practical discussions on higher education reform has guided the work of the Universities Project. RATIONALE HISTORY t is the goal of the Universities Project to help build, or rebuild, linkages between the Iuniversities in the eastern part of Europe, from Prague to Vladivostok, and their AND counterparts in North America and West Europe—linkages that had been cut during the time when Europe was divided and the free flow of ideas and people so essential for the OVERVIEW academic world was disrupted. When the Universities Project began in 1997, the first enthusiasm about the momentous political changes in East Europe had already started to fade and the hardships of the transition to democracy and market economies were becoming increasingly manifest. This was a timely moment to initiate a project focused on strengthening the institutional underpinnings of higher education. While many outside assistance programs had provided timely and useful support for individual scholars during the initial period of transition in Europe, the challenges faced by institutions in managing the difficult and often complex process of self-renewal remained largely unaddressed. The Universities Project has been able to meet some of these needs by creating a forum for sustained dialogue about pertinent issues on institutional reform and by establishing professional networks of university leaders from East Europe and the Russian Federation with their peers from North America and West Europe. The Universities Project is a multi-year series of conferences and symposia convening senior-level representatives of higher education from the designated regions with their counterparts from North America and West Europe. Initially, discussions focused on three major themes: 1. University Administration and Finance 2. Academic Structure and Governance within the University 3. Meeting the Students’ Needs, and the Role of Students in Institutional Affairs As a result of discussions during the Project’s first year of programming in 1997, two additional themes were adopted: 4. Technology in Higher Education 5. The University and Civil Society Beginning in the Project’s second year in 1998, the core topics have been framed each year within an overarching theme that represents a current and timely issue in higher education. w 1998: Institutional Autonomy: a review of higher education reform underway at universities and university systems w 1999 and 2000: Globalization and Higher Education Peter Scott (Kingston w 2001: The Social and Civic Responsibilities of the University University, UK) and Salzburg Seminar President Olin Between 1997 and 2000, the Salzburg Seminar held a total of fifteen Universities Robison at the January 1999 Project symposia and three plenary convocations. During this period, more than 600 Plenary Convocation. individuals representing approximately 250 institutions and universities have participated in the Project. As a result of these frequent meetings, a significant transatlantic network of university leaders has developed. Additionally, more than twenty teams of volunteer consultants have visited host universities in Central and East Europe and the Russian Federation, offering their time and expertise to assist colleagues and institutions to carry out meaningful and effective reform. Although the experience and institutional context of Project participants may differ greatly, all are committed to commons goals: learning from one another how to make the higher education sector more effective in managing institutional change, supporting economic and social development, and strengthening democracy. Given the focus on transformations of 1 higher education in Central and East Europe and in the Russian Federation, the rationale of the Universities Project has expanded to include the following goals: w to deepen and broaden the understanding of the problems, achievements, and perspectives of the higher education reform process in this region; w to advance the development of a self-sustaining system of higher education in these countries; w to engage decision-makers from the participating universities in discussion on transnational trends and crucial challenges confronting higher education institutions worldwide, and to increase mutual comprehension and understanding across different national experiences; and w to develop meaningful linkages and partnerships among participants and their institutions. One of the lessons for those involved in the Universities Project was the realization that universities are extremely robust and resilient institutions. While the process of reforming higher education in the post-communist countries has been halting and uneven, it is also the case that a great many universities and other institutions of higher education throughout the region continue to benefit from an extraordinary level of commitment from talented and dedicated men and women working against great odds, yet achieving considerable success. The Universities Project has afforded many from outside the region with an opportunity to meet the reformers, share their concerns, and gain a better sense of the problems, accomplishments, and prospects of the higher education reform process in Central and East Europe and the Russian Federation.

CHRONOLOGY 1996

he Salzburg Seminar received a planning grant from the Hewlett Foundation to Tdevelop a project to bring together top-level administrators from universities in West Europe, the USA, and Canada with their counterparts in Central and East Europe, the Russian Federation, and the Newly Independent States. Activities in 1996 included: w researching existing initiatives to determine the need for such a project, and its particular niche, focus, and parameters; Madeleine Green (American Council on Education, USA) w the hiring of a project director; provides an introduction to the establishment of a Universities Project Advisory Committee (p. 11); and the symposium’s first topic w of discussion, Leadership w a meeting of the Advisory Committee to lay the groundwork for the Project. and Management of Universities. 1997

he first year of programming consisted of a plenary convocation and three Tsymposia. The January plenary meeting brought together sixty senior-level university representatives and higher education experts from Central and East Europe (CEE), West Europe, the Russian Federation, and North America. The first symposium, in March, gathered teams of rectors and senior-level administrators from eight CEE universities. The next symposium, in July, convened rectors and administrators from fifteen Russian universities. In September, the third symposium consisted of participants from nine CEE universities. All symposia included representatives from American, Canadian, and West European universities and colleges. With the advice and counsel of the Advisory Committee and friends of the Project, the following refinements were made during 1997, which have significantly enhanced the Project’s effectiveness: 2 1. Teams of administrators from the same university were invited, rather than one individual (i.e., the rector alone) as was originally proposed. The goal was (and is) to increase the likelihood that information from the symposium will “take hold” within a university. 2. Separate symposia were held for CEE and Russian universities, rather than mixing institutions of the two regions at each symposium. A number of reasons contributed to this decision: a desire to allow the Project to respond to the immediate needs of two regions that face related but different concerns and challenges; a recognition that the level of English is generally not as high among Russian university administrators as it is among their CEE colleagues; and the possibility of residual political tensions from the Communist era. The decision has been a sound one and has allowed the Project to design symposia that address the specific issues and needs of the two regions. 3. Related to (2.), simultaneous interpretation is provided at the Russian symposia. Though costly, it was determined that in order to fully engage Russian participation, it would be necessary to conduct the Russian programs in both Russian and English. These symposia are unique among the programs at the Salzburg Seminar, where all other events are conducted in English only. Robin Farquhar (Carleton University, Canada) enjoys 1998 a response to his presentation as John t became clear during the second year of the Project that its reputation in both regions Davies (Anglia Polytechnic Iwas already strong and attractive to potential participants. The year included the University, UK) looks on. following innovations: w The Project gained the support of new and influential individuals in higher education and strengthened friendships by inviting strong contributors to return for a second, and in some cases third, Universities Project experience. w The Project was able to include an additional symposium (two CEE and two Russian, plus a January plenary meeting) due to supplemental funding provided by the Austrian government. w The Project secured a significant grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation to underwrite the Visiting Advisors Program (VAP) for over five years, thereby providing a site-visit aspect to complement the work being done in Salzburg. The VAP is described in greater detail on pages 27–31. A total of five meetings of the Universities Project took place during 1998: Plenary Convocation (January): Approximately sixty rectors, presidents, and senior representatives of higher education organizations met to review the Project’s work-to- date and to discuss the upcoming year’s slate of programs. CEE Symposia (April and September): The 1998 CEE symposia continued the design established during the Project’s first year; that is, teams of three senior representatives

Due to a generous grant from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture in 1998, the Universities Project was able to hold an additional symposium that year. The Salzburg Seminar acknowledges with gratitude the support of the Ministry. 3 from eight to ten CEE universities met with senior university administrators and higher education specialists from West Europe and North America to discuss various aspects of higher education reform. Russian Symposia (June and December): In consultation with the Project’s Advisory Committee and with select representatives of the Russian higher education community, it was decided that two issues would serve as the foci of the 1998 Russian symposia: 1. the devolution of authority of the Russian higher education system from the federal to the regional level (June symposium); 2. leadership and management training (December symposium). The participant composition of the June symposium reflected the theme of the “regionalization” of the Russian higher education system, and brought together representatives of three significant educational and industrial regional centers (Voronezh, Kazan, and Novosibirsk), as well as senior-level representatives of the Russian Ministry of Education. The December symposium focused on issues of leadership and management training. Professor John Davies, pro-vice chancellor of Anglia Polytechnic University in the UK and a leader of similar seminars for the Association of European Universities, led a faculty of seven specialists who worked intensively with senior university administrators of select Russian universities. Graham Spanier Visiting Advisors Program (VAP): From the outset of the Universities Project, (Pennsylvania State University, USA), Irvin Reid members of the Advisory Committee and others suggested and supported the addition of (Wayne State University, a site-visit dimension to the Project. It was felt that this would increase the value of the USA), Universities Project Universities Project in the following ways: Director Jochen Fried, and Peter Magrath (NASULGC, w extend the work of the symposia in Salzburg in a concrete and applied way to USA) at the February the participating CEE and Russian institutions; 2000 symposium. w create extended linkages between individuals and institutions across national and regional borders; w provide a source of case study materials to be used at Universities Project symposia in Salzburg; w increase the possibility that specific reform suggestions and advice may “take root” and permeate CEE and Russian institutions; and w provide a multiplier effect whereby host VAP institutions might in turn work with sister institutions in their own countries to encourage higher education reform efforts. In 1998, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation awarded a grant to the Salzburg Seminar to underwrite the Visiting Advisors Program. The VAP consists of on-site visits by North American and European senior-level university administrators to CEE and Russian institutions at the invitation of the host institutions’ rectors. Teams of three to five volunteer advisors, all of whom have participated in at least one Universities Project symposium in Salzburg, visit host institutions for a period of four to six days. They offer advice and support on specific issues of reform identified jointly by the host institutions’ senior administration and the visiting team. After a six-month start-up period, visits commenced in December 1998. More information on the VAP may be found on pages 27–38.

4 1999

n the third full year of programming, the Project’s focus shifted from assessing Ichange at universities to considering the effects of globalization on higher education in the context of the five main themes of the Universities Project. Plenary Convocation (January): senior-level representatives of universities and higher education organizations from North America, West Europe, CEE, and the Russian Federation gathered for discussions on the following: w Globalization and Higher Education, A Keynote Overview w Globalization and National and State Systems w Globalization and the Academic Disciplines w Globalization and the Local University In addition to the plenary presentations, participants at the Plenary Convocation were divided into working groups to discuss the following topics: w Globalizing the Curriculum w The University and Global Civil Society Issues w The Clash of Cultures? w New Information Technologies: Source of Fear or Hope? CEE Symposia (April and October): These two symposia convened senior-level representatives of CEE universities with peers from West Europe and North America. The content mirrored that of the Plenary Convocation and focused on issues concerning the effects of globalization on higher education. Discussions at both symposia were of an extremely high caliber and reflected the timeliness and relevance of the globalization theme. Universities Project Russian Russian Symposium (July): This symposium brought together delegations from thirteen Program Coordinator Russian universities with senior-level university representatives from North America Helene Kamensky with and West Europe and was entitled “The Responsive and Innovative Russian University: Boris Reznik (Far Eastern State University, Russian Universities and their Role in National and Regional Development.” The goal was to Federation) at the help assist Russian universities in developing their ability to be innovative in the face of April 2000 symposium. extreme resource shortages, and to assist them in assuming a leading role in the economic and social development of their regions in the context of the greater decentralization taking place in Russian higher education. Future Leaders Symposium, A New Initiative (November): One of the stated goals of the Universities Project is to assist in the development of future university leaders. To this end, the Project departed from the format of previous symposia and experimented with a new format and thematic focus for the final symposium of 1999. Rather than a gathering of peers at the senior level, the November symposium featured a junior-level group of Fellows who worked closely with an invited group of senior university administrators. Selected rectors and presidents of universities who had participated in prior symposia were requested to nominate junior faculty members whom they considered to be potential leaders in higher education in the coming years. Fellows and Faculty were from the Russian Federation, Europe (East, Central, and West), and North America. The November symposium also represented a new direction for the Universities Project, and the Seminar as a whole, in that the symposium report was created for posting on the Seminar’s web page, rather than the previous practice of printing the report and having it available only as a hard-copy. Symposium reports are posted at www.salzburgseminar.org/up. 5 2000

n 2000, the Universities Project continued its focus on the globalization theme, while Iat the same time turning greater attention toward the development of the next generation of university leaders. The schedule of programs was changed in several significant ways: w There was no Plenary Convocation in 2000. Such gatherings were very useful during the early years of the Project but became less necessary after having compiled a lengthy list of participating universities. An additional symposium was held in 2000, which allowed all programs to focus at the pragmatic and applied level. w In July, the Seminar extended the work of the Universities Project into its “Core Session” program by offering Session 379: Alternate Systems and Structures for Higher Education: Public Needs and Institutional Response for the 21st Century. As each Salzburg Seminar session typically has Fellows from thirty-five to forty countries, this session also extended the theme of “Globalization and Higher Education” to a fully international audience. The event was co-chaired by Dr. Dennis O’Brien, president emeritus, University of Rochester, New York, USA; and Dr. Jairam Reddy, former vice chancellor, University of Durban-Westville, and chair, National Commission on Higher Education, South Africa. Dr. Jochen Fried, director of the Universities Project, served as director of Session 379. (This session was supported in part by Andris Barblan (European Universities Project funding.) University Association), w Due to the positive results of the November 1999 symposium, a similar makes a point as Jürgen symposium in September 2000 was held along the same model (i.e., Faculty- Mittelstrass (University of Fellow format, combining Russian and CEE representation, and focusing on Konstanz, Germany) listens. university leadership development). It had become apparent that there was added value to inviting future university leaders from both regions at the junior-administrative level where the common denominators of English and greater international experience serve as bridges that may not exist between their more senior colleagues. CEE Symposia (February and November): The February symposium considered the degree to which the university can encourage the process of reconciliation and the development of civil society in regions experiencing ethnic and cultural conflict, in this case Southeast Europe/former Yugoslavia. This sub-theme is consonant with the Project’s fifth core theme, “The Role of the University in Civil Society.” Three of the presentations delivered at this symposium, by Jan Sadlak, Peter Magrath, and Srbijanka Turajlic, were subsequently published in Higher Education in Europe, the quarterly review of the European Centre for Higher Education (UNESCO- CEPES, Vol. XXV, No. 2, 2000). The November symposium focused on the role of universities in the Baltic Sea region (Scandinavia, the Baltic countries, northern Poland and Germany, and northwest Russian Federation). Specifically, the symposium explored the potential of the universities in this region to be promoters and incubators of social change, economic innovation, and European integration as viewed through the prism of the globalization theme. Russian Symposium (April): This was a traditional Universities Project Russian symposium that continued the work with the Russian higher education community. The symposium explored the expanding regional role of the university in the Russian 6 Federation, and the extent to which Russian universities may become more entrepreneurial in response to the challenges they face. Core Session 379: Alternate Systems and Structures for Higher Education: Public Needs and Institutional Response for the 21st Century (July): This was a traditional Salzburg Seminar “Core Session,” but resulted from the work of the Universities Project; Fellows and Faculty from thirty-one countries discussed the evolving role of universities at the outset of the new millennium. Future Leaders Symposium (September): Based on the November 1999 symposium, this was a meeting of junior-level university administrators from North America, Europe, and the Russian Federation who were nominated by their senior-level colleagues. They met with a small faculty of senior-level administrators (university presidents and rectors) to discuss issues relating to “Globalization and the University.” “I firmly believe the 2001 Universities Project and the Visiting n 2001, the Universities Project adopted a new overarching theme: “The Social and Advisors Program, ICivic Responsibilities of the University,” the fifth of the Project’s five core themes. All Project symposia in 2001 will focus on this subject, while incorporating the other are furthering needed four core themes into the discussions. changes in universities vital to their TECHNOLOGY AND THE UNIVERSITIES PROJECT countries, and also rom the outset, technology has been envisioned as a significant aspect of the Project helping all who care Fin order to disseminate its work to as broad an audience as possible. The following about universities components are either currently in place or are being planned: worldwide to become w Website: the Universities Project features a full and expansive website within the Seminar’s web domain. Information regarding past and future symposia may be closer and really obtained from this site. Texts of presentations and related articles may be linked.” downloaded from the Universities Project Library: www.salzburgseminar.org/up Peter Magrath w Electronic reports: as mentioned above, the decision was made in late 1999 to NASULGC, USA post all Project reports since 1999 on the Project’s website so that they may be accessed worldwide. Printed versions are created only as a derivative of the electronic version and then only as necessary. w Electronic newsletter: an online newsletter is currently being established to be e-mailed to all who have participated in the Project. This resource, which will be updated monthly and posted on the Project website, will be a repository of current information on higher education issues of interest to the Universities Project community—notices of upcoming conferences; newly established programs; announcements of foundation grants; notices of recently published papers, articles, books; updates on higher education legislation, etc. Readers will be invited to submit postings to be added to the site. w Electronic discussion group of higher education papers: a series of discussion groups in which a friend of the Universities Project will post a recent paper written by him or her is being proposed. A controlled group of Universities Project alumni will be invited to read, comment, and chat on-line with the author for one to two weeks. This proposed program allows for the continuation of interactions between Project participants who meet in Salzburg, encourages Universities Project alumni to post new scholarly material, and refreshes itself with the introduction of new material each month or so. w E-symposia: Universities Project staff are investigating the possibility of holding a version of an on-line symposium in 2002. 7 INITIATIVES RESULTING FROM THE UNIVERSITIES PROJECT

ne of the hallmarks of the Salzburg Seminar in its fifty-three-year history has been Oits ability to convene individuals from a wide variety of geographical and professional backgrounds for the purpose of frank, open, and mutually respectful dialogue in the neutral confines of Schloss Leopoldskron. This tradition has extended to the Universities Project as well. The atmosphere at Universities Project symposia is characterized by a clear appreciation of the fact that the diversity of higher education systems in various countries is a valuable asset, and that for existing problems there is no single solution, no single recipe at hand that could be applied universally. It is the open exchange about differences and commonalities that is central to the Universities Project’s mission, and many symposia participants have created relationships and interacted with counterparts from other parts of the world in a way that would not have been possible otherwise. It is due to the nature of the Universities Project that there cannot be an inventory of lasting contacts, on-going collaboration, or joint projects. But there is no doubt that the symposia have served as a catalyst initiating Faculty, Resource Persons, numerous formal and informal linkages. and Seminar Staff at Session 379: Seminar In some cases, either directly or indirectly, new initiatives have sprung up from President Olin Robison, conversations, relationships, or ideas that have taken root at a Universities Project Joyce Moock, David symposium. Below are brief descriptions of such initiatives, which demonstrate the Gardner, William Saint, multiplier effect of the Universities Project. Dennis O’Brien, Ludmila Verbitskaya, Akilagpa Salzburg Seminar Core Session 379: Alternate Systems and Structures for Sawyerr, Jairam Reddy, Walter Gmelch, John W. Higher Education: Public Needs and Institutional Response for the 21st Cook, Andrew Gonzalez, Century (July 1–8, 2000) Wang Shenghong, and In order to extend the issues considered at Universities Project symposia to a fully Universities Project Director Jochen Fried. global (and traditional Salzburg Seminar) audience, the Seminar offered a joint Core Session/Universities Project program. Drawing on the Seminar’s long history of sessions on higher education as well as on the recent experience of its Universities Project, this session explored the changing perceptions and new institutional paradigms necessary to keep higher education responsive to rapidly changing societal needs. The session involved Faculty and Fellows from previous core sessions on higher education and Universities Project symposia, as well as Fellows selected through the standard application process. Faculty Dennis O’Brien (Co-Chair), President Emeritus, University of Rochester, New York, USA Jairam Reddy (Co-Chair), Former Vice Chancellor, University of Durban-Westville; Chair, National Commission on Higher Education, South Africa David Gardner, President Emeritus, University of California; President Emeritus, University of Utah, USA Andrew Gonzalez, Secretary, Department of Education, Culture, and Sports, Manila, 8 Philippines William Saint, Principal Education Specialist (African Region), The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA Akilagpa Sawyerr, Director of Research, African Association of Universities, Accra; Professor of Law, and Former Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana Ludmila Verbitskaya, Rector, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation Wang Shenghong, President, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Resource Persons John W. Cook, President, The Henry Luce Foundation, New York, USA Walter Gmelch, Dean, College of Education, Iowa State University, Ames, USA Joyce Moock, Associate Vice President, The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, USA Salzburg Seminar Special Session: Dartmouth College Conference Series on Globalization and Higher Education (June 27–30, 2001) Dartmouth College, in consultation with the Salzburg Seminar’s Universities Project, is coordinating a series of conferences that will examine both the impact of globalization on American higher education and the role of colleges and universities in the new millennium. The goal of the conference series is to create a White Paper that can help guide university decision-makers as they begin incorporating globalization issues into their institutions’ mission, curricula, infrastructure, and research. An initial planning meeting was held at Schloss Leopoldskron in August 1999. As a result, Dartmouth College has invited leading American institutions to two conferences in Hanover, New Hampshire, one in November 2000 and the second in October 2001, that will examine the topic of globalization by framing the key issues and by pointing to possible strategies for addressing them. At the June 2001 meeting in Salzburg, the resulting draft document will be reviewed and critiqued by international representatives of leading higher education institutions to address the needs of the global academic community more effectively. The final White Paper will be distributed internationally as the basis for a continued dialogue with the larger academic community.

Salzburg Seminar Special Session: Higher Education in Emerging Economies: Patterns, Policies, and Trends into the 21st Century (July 7–11, 2001) This special session, developed in collaboration with the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation, The Henry Luce Foundation, and The Rockefeller Foundation, will bring together leading higher education specialists and senior university administrators to discuss the evolving nature and role of higher education in developing countries. The purposes of the symposium are to review available information about patterns, Salzburg Seminar President policies, and trends in higher education; identify current human capital and institutional Olin Robison and resources engaged in higher education analysis; and brainstorm about actions that could Jan Sadlak (UNESCO- CEPES) on the help national and international institutions perform more effectively to meet future Schloss terrace. challenges.

UNESCO-CEPES Conference Since Dr. Jan Sadlak, a member of the Universities Project Advisory Committee, has assumed the position of director of the UNESCO-CEPES (European Centre for Higher Education) in Bucharest, Romania, special efforts have been made to maximize the synergies between this organization and the Universities Project. The first result of such efforts took place from April 12 to 15, 2000, at Schloss Leopoldskron in the form of an Invitational Meeting on “Ten Years After and Looking Ahead: A Review of the 9 Transformations of Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe.” The purpose of this meeting was to critique a book-length manuscript consisting of thirteen case studies on institutional reform. It was supplemented by a synthesis report on the main themes and topics, written by Peter Scott, vice-chancellor of Kingston University, UK, that characterized the development of higher education in this region since 1989. The book has since been published under the same title (Bucharest 2000, ISBN 92-9069-159-X). An excerpt from the book preface reads: “The Universities “A preliminary draft of Professor Scott’s synthesis and six of the case studies (…) Project brings together were the objects of a special discussion at an expert seminar (…) jointly organized by individuals who have a UNESCO-CEPES and the Salzburg Seminar, specifically within its Universities Project. common concern for The comments and suggestions made at this three-day meeting regarding the transformation of higher education in Central and Eastern Europe are reflected the well-being of their principally in Professor Scott’s synthesis. The Salzburg Seminar Universities Project, institutions, while consisting of a multi-year series of conferences and symposia on systemic and respecting the qualities institutional changes in governance, academic design, structure, and mission in higher education in Central and Eastern Europe, the Russian Federation, and the other that reflect different successor states of the Soviet Union, was a logical partner for the organization of this histories of higher seminar given the complementarity of its principal objectives and those of UNESCO- education, different CEPES.” cultures, and different Estonia Project responses to similar At the March 1997 symposium of the Universities Project, Dr. Arno Loessner, challenges—all these senior policy fellow at the University of Delaware’s Institute for Public Administration, differences are what met a group of senior administrators from Tartu University of Estonia. Dr. Loessner, who has extensive experience in university foundation administration, spoke at length make our discussions with the Tartu delegation at the Plenary Convocations in March 1997 and later in within the Universities January 1998 about the possible establishment of a foundation in support of the Project so stimulating, university. From those early conversations has grown a significant project involving funding from The World Bank’s Fiscal Decentralization Initiative. The project has instructive, and resulted in the establishment of the Saaremaa Foundation, a consortium of Estonian worthwhile.” universities. The Foundation, along with the International Union of Local Authorities (IULA), a world-wide organization of local governments and the University of László V. Frenyó Delaware, is developing a program of training and research to support local fiscal Szent Istvan University, Hungary decentralization in Estonia.

POSSIBLE EXTENSION OF THE UNIVERSITIES PROJECT TO OTHER REGIONS

here has been enormous interest in the work of the Universities Project among the TSalzburg Seminar’s extensive global network of alumni, friends, and supporters. It is clear that the issues being discussed at the Project in regard to CEE and Russian higher education are equally relevant to higher education systems in other regions of the world. Many contacts of the Universities Project have expressed a strong interest in seeing the work of the Universities Project extended to other countries and regions. As a result, the Salzburg Seminar is beginning to look into the feasibility of a possible Phase II of the Universities Project in which its work would be extended to other regions. Areas under consideration include parts of Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and Anglophone Africa. The feasibility of extending the Project to other regions will continue to be explored during the remainder of the Project’s current funding (through 2002). Such an extension of the Project could only be undertaken if funding became available. 10 Central and East Europe UNIVERSITIES Jaak Aaviksoo, Rector, Tartu University; Former Minister of Education, Estonia Ladislav Cerych, Director, Education Policy Center, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic PROJECT László Frenyó, Professor of Immunophysiology, Szent Istvan University, Hungary; Former President of the Hungarian Higher Education and Research Council, and of the ADVISORY Hungarian Rectors Conference Josef Jarab, Professor of American Studies, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech COMMITTEE Republic; Former Rector, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary Piotr Ploszajski, Head, Department of Management Theory, Warsaw School of Economics; Former Director General, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Russian Federation Vladimir Vasil’evich Gusev, Chairman, Association of Rectors, Black Earth Region; Former Rector, Voronezh State University Victor Antonovich Sadovnichy, Rector, Moscow State University Gennady Alekseevich Yagodin, Rector, International University, Moscow Vasily Maximilianovich Zhurakovsky, First Deputy Minister, Ministry of General and Professional Education

USA/Canada Philip G. Altbach, Professor of Higher Education and Director, Center for International Higher Education, Boston College, Massachusetts Robin Farquhar, Professor of Public Administration and Former President, Carleton University, Ottawa Madeleine Green, Vice President, American Council on Education, Washington, DC D. Bruce Johnstone, Professor of Higher Education and Former Chancellor, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo C. Peter Magrath, President, National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges (NASULGC), Peter Magrath (National Washington, DC Association of State Universities and Daniel C. Matuszewski, Chair, Board of Governors Executive Committee and Former Land-Grant Colleges President, International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), Washington, DC (NASULGC), USA) and Anthony W. Morgan, Professor, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy, László Frenyó (Szent Istvan University, Hungary) listen and Former Vice President, University of Utah, Salt Lake City to Dan Matuszewski (International Research and West Europe Exchanges Board (IREX), USA). Andris Barblan, Secretary General, European University Association, Geneva, Switzerland John Davies, Dean of the Graduate School, Anglia Polytechnic University, Essex, UK Raoul Kneucker, Director General, Scientific Research and International Affairs, Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Vienna, Austria Jan Sadlak, Director, UNESCO-CEPES, Bucharest, Romania James Wimberley, Head of the Technical Co-operation and Assistance Section, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France 11 NIVERSITIES (* denotes Advisory Committee member) U Note: Titles and institutional affiliations are those at the time of participation and may have subsequently changed. PROJECT ALBANIA Arthur Mettinger, Vice Rector for IST OF Educational and International Affairs L Tirana University Helmut Schramke, Project Leader, Milika Dhamo, Head, Department of Logistical Center Psychology and Education, and PARTICIPANTS Assistant Professor, Social Sciences Vienna University of Economics Faculty and Business Administration Nester Thereska, Rector; President, Barbara Sporn, Associate Professor, (1997–2000) Albanian Rectors’ Conference Department of Information Systems

ARMENIA BELARUS Yerevan State University Belarus State University, Minsk Eduard Ghazaryan, Pro Rector for Anatoli Zelenkov, Dean, Faculty of Development Philosophy and Economics Ludmila Haroutunian, Head, International Institute of Labor and Department of Sociology Social Relations, Minsk Karo Karapetyan, Dean, Faculty of Vladimir Grabaourov, Head, Romance and Germanic Philology Information Technologies Rafael Matevossian, Vice Rector for Tatiana Rousetskaia, Dean, Foreign “It is a pleasure to International Relations Economic Relations and International watch dedicated Law Departments AUSTRIA scholars/administrators BELGIUM design and carry out a Karl-Franzens University, Graz Wolfgang Benedek, Professor, Institute Catholic University of Leuven world-class program of International Law and International Karel Tavernier, General Relations; Chairman, World University Administrator of challenging Service cross-cultural Helmut Konrad, Rector BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Lothar Zechlin, Rector Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka communication and Federal Ministry for Education, Nenad Suzic, Minister of Education multilateral education. Science and Culture, Vienna *Raoul Kneucker, Director General, University of Mostar “Dzemal Bijedic” It is even more of a Scientific Research and International Fuad Catovic, Dean, Mechanical privilege to be a Affairs Engineering Faculty Anneliese Stoklaska, Director, Multi- University of Sarajevo participant in the lateral Relations Muharem Avdispahic, Vice Rector for program. This is a Barbara Weitgruber, Director, Academic Affairs and Youth Department for International Relations, Srebren Dizdar, Professor, Faculty of cutting-edge cultural and Directorate for Higher Education Philosophy; President, World University initiative that deserves Universities Board of Trustees, Vienna Service Bosnia and Herzegovina Erwin Bundschuh, Chair of the Board University of Tuzla further development University of Agricultural Sciences, Jasenko Karamehic, Vice Rector for and support.” Vienna Research and Science Leopold März, Rector Dan Matuszewski, University of Salzburg BULGARIA IREX, USA Adolf Haslinger, Rector “D. A. Tsenov” Academy of Economics, Mario Kostal, Assistant, Institute of Svishtov Constitutional and Administrative Law; Atanas Damjanov, Associate Professor, Vice Director of the University China- Department of International and Center Economic Relations Brigitte Winklehner, Vice Rector for New Bulgarian University, Sofia Foreign Relations Bogdan Bogdanov, Chairman of the University of Vienna Board of Trustees Ulrike Felt, Head, Social Studies of Naoum Iakimov, Lecturer; Scientific Science, Institute for the Philosophy and Secretary General, Bulgarian Academy 12 Social Studies of Science of Sciences Sergei Ignatov, Associate Professor, Marijan Seruga, Vice Rector, Faculty History and Egyptology Program of Food Technology Toma Tomov, Member, Board of University of Rijeka Trustees Darko Stefan, Secretary, Department of Sofia University “St. Kliment International Relations Ohridski” University of Split Dimitar Denkov, Lecturer, Faculty of Petar Slapnicar, Professor of Electrical Philosophy Engineering; Former Rector Ekaterina Draganova-Chorbanova, Sonja Valcic, Vice Dean, Faculty of Vice Rector and Assistant Professor Philosophy Dimitar Ivanov, Vice Rector Igor Zanchi, Vice Rector Ivan Lalov, Rector University of Zagreb Maya Pentcheva, Vice Rector, Student Gvozden Flego, Professor, Department Affairs and International Relations of Philosophy Borislav Toshev, Vice Rector, Miroslav Furic, Professor and Member Department of Physical Chemistry of the Board of Governors Technical University of Sofia Helena Jasna Mencer, Vice Rector Stancho Stamov, Professor, Goran Ivan Sojat, Student, Faculty of Department of Heating and Political Sciences Refrigeration Marijan Sunjic, Former Rector Technical University of Varna Georgi Dishliev, Vice Rector Assen Nedev, Rector University of Rousse Marco Todorov, Head of Computer Center; Former Minister of Education and Science

CANADA Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ontario Sally Brown, Senior Vice President Robert Giroux, President and CEO Carleton University, Ottawa *Robin Farquhar, Professor of Public Administration; Former President Timothy Pychyl, Professor of Jaak Aaviksoo (Tartu Psychology; Former Associate Dean of CZECH REPUBLIC University, Estonia, and Students Charles University, Prague Former Minister of McGill University, Montreal *Ladislav Cerych, Director, Education Education) presents at Janet Donald, Professor, Centre for Policy Center the September 2000 University Teaching and Learning and Martin Potucek, Director, Institute of symposium. the Department of Educational and Sociological Sciences Counseling Psychology Aleš Vlk, Student, Faculty of Law University of Northern British Masaryk University, Brno Columbia, Prince George Michael Dolezal, Fundraising and K. George Pedersen, Chancellor Development Assistant, Office of Research and Development PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Frantisek Gale, Registrar Jan Pavlik, Vice Dean, International Fudan University, Shanghai Relations Huang Yongmin, Director, External Jan Pazdziora, Manager, Computer Affairs Office Systems Unit Jiri Zlatuska, Rector CROATIA Ministry of Education, Prague University of Osijek Emanuel Ondracek, Deputy Minister Lidija Getto, Head, International Palacký University, Olomouc Relations Milada Hirschova, Vice Dean for Gordana Kralik, Rector, Faculty of Foreign Affairs Agriculture *Josef Jarab, Professor, Department of English and American Studies; Former 13 Rector, Central European University, Ministry of Education, Tartu Budapest Ain Heinaru, Head, Department of Jiri Jirka, Financial Officer Universities and Science Michal Malacka, Vice Dean for Tallinn Technical University Foreign Affairs, Faculty of Law Olav Aarna, Rector Borivoj Sarapatka, Vice Dean, Faculty Peep Jonas, Managing Director of Science Andres Keevallik, Rector Technical University of Liberec Rein Kuttner, Vice Rector Zdenek Kus, Head of Academic Senate Tartu University Aleš Linka, Vice Dean, Faculty of *Jaak Aaviksoo, Rector; Former Textile Engineering Minister of Education David Lukáš, Rector Hele Everaus, Vice Rector for University of West Bohemia, Pilzn Institutional Development; Professor of Jiri Beck, Dean, Faculty of Economics Hematology Jaromir Horak, Associate Professor, Toivo Maimets, Vice Rector for Sister Janice Ryan (Trinity Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Research and Institutional Development College, USA) moderates a Vlastimil Skocil, Dean, Department of Jaan Ross, Dean, Faculty of plenary discussion. Technology Philosophy Peeter Tulviste, Former Rector DENMARK FINLAND Aalborg University Staffan Zetterholm, Jean Monnet Abo Akademi University Professor in European Political Bengt Stenlund, Rector Integration Helsinki School of Economics and Copenhagen Business School Business Administration Herbert Kells, Visiting Professor, Eero Kasanen, Rector Department of Management, Politics Helsinki University and Philosophy Heikki Mäkipää, Head of Research and International Services Arto Mustajoki, Vice Rector National Union of Finnish Students, Helsinki Tommi Himberg, President University of Jyväskylä Aino Sallinen, Rector University of Kuopio Ossi Lindqvist, Director and Professor, Institute of Applied Biotechnology University of Turku Kari Hyppönen, Director of Administration Keijo Virtanen, Rector

FRANCE Participants from Russian University of Paris Sorbonne universities at the April 2000 Maurice-Paul Gautier, Emeritus symposium listen to a ESTONIA Professor, Department of Foreign presentation via Languages simultaneous interpretation. Concordia International University, Harjumaa Mari-Ann Susi, Vice Rector GEORGIA Mart Susi, Rector Tbilisi State University EuroFaculty of Tartu, Estonia; Riga, Thomas Gamkrelidze, Director, Latvia; Vilnius, Lithuania Institute of Oriental Studies; Member, Arild Saether, Director, Professor of Georgian Parliament Economics Roin Metreveli, Rector Foundation Saaremaa Universities Center, Kuressaare GERMANY Erik Keerberg, Manager Georg-August University, Göttingen 14 Marina Frost, Chancellor Technical University of Dresden Collegium Budapest Dagmar Krause, Deputy Director, Fred Girod, Secretary International Office Verena Leuterer, Gabor Klaniczay, Rector Department of Academic Affairs Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest Achim Mehlhorn, Rector László Boros, Vice Rector for Hans Weismeth, Vice Rector for International Relations Research Federation of Debrecen Universities University of Konstanz Sandor Nagy, President Jürgen Mittelstrass, Director, Center Gabor Denes College, Budapest for Philosophy of Science; Professor of Sarolta Zarda, Director Philosophy and Philosophy of Science Sybille Reichert, Independent Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Consultant in Higher Education Budapest University of Hamburg Katalin Bagi, Research Fellow Sigrun Nickel, Head, Department of Communication and Organization Development, Hamburg School for Economics and Politics University of Kassel Hans Brinckmann, Former President Stefanie Schwarz, Research Associate, Center for Research on Higher Education and Work Ulrich Teichler, Executive Director, Center for Research on Higher Education and Work University of Kaiserslautern Klaus Landfried, Rector; Vice President, German Rectors’ Conference Volkswagen Foundation, Hannover Axel Horstmann, Deputy Director, Department of Social Sciences and Tamás Kozma (University Humanities of Debrecen, Hungary) Wilhelm Krull, Secretary General Hungarian Accreditation Committee, Budapest speaks to colleagues at the András Róna-Tas, President February 2001 symposium. GREECE Janus Pannonius University, Pecs University of Athens (National and Károly Barakonyi, Rector Kapodistrian) Gabor Vígh, General Director Calliope Bourdara, Professor, Faculty Jozsef Attila University, Szeged of Law Janos Csirik, Former Rector Erzsebet Czachesz, Former Vice Dean HUNGARY for Education and Student Affairs, Faculty of Arts Budapest University of Economic László Dinya, Professor and Head, Sciences Marketing-Management Department Tamas Meszaros, Vice Rector Istvan Kenesei, Vice President for Budapest University of Technology and Research and Grants, Institute of Economics English and American Studies Attila Aszódi, Head of Department, Peter Paczolay, Associate Dean Nuclear Technology Institute Bela Racz, Pro Rector, Department of Tibor Cinkler, Associate Professor, Optical and Quantum Physics Department of Telecommunications and Kossuth Lajos University, Debrecen Telematics Dezsö Beke, Deputy Rector for Central European University, Budapest Research Yehuda Elkana, Rector Semmelweis University, Budapest Istvan Teplan, Executive Vice President Ágoston Szél, Professor, Department of Civic Education Program, Budapest Human Morphology and Developmental Jeffery Meyers, Regional Director, Biology Eurasian Program Szent Istvan University, Budapest *László Frenyó, Professor of Immunophysiology; Former President, 15 Higher Education and Research LITHUANIA Council; Former President, Hungarian Rectors Conference Kaunas University of Technology Ágnes Sterczer, Assistant Professor, Ramutis Bansevicius, Rector Department and Clinic of Internal Petras Baršauskas, Vice Rector for Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science Infrastructure and International Affairs Technical University of Budapest Kestutis Krisciunas, Rector Paolo Blasi (University of Imre Bojtar, Director of Scientific and Klaipeda University Florence, Italy) and Brigitte Research Affairs Vaidutis Laurenas, Vice Rector, Winklehner (University of Gyorgy Horvai, Vice Rector Department of Political Science Salzburg, Austria) share Stasys Vaitekunas, Rector views over dinner. Vilnius University Rolandas Pavilionis, Rector Aleksas Pikturna, Vice Rector for Administration Eugenijus Stumbrys, Director of Study, Administration Office Saulius Vengris, Vice Rector for Academic Affairs

MACEDONIA Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje Savo Cvetanovski, Vice Rector for International Cooperation Radmila Kiprijanova, Rector Vlado Pavlovski, Vice Rector IRELAND NETHERLANDS Dublin City University Daniel O’Hare, President Emeritus Free University, Amsterdam Jan Donner, Vice Chairman of the “I would like to ITALY Executive Board Inspectorate of Education, Zwolle express our gratitude University of Bologna Jacob Scheele, Inspector of Higher Stefano Bianchini, Director, Center for Education for the possibility to Central and East Europe and the Balkans University of Twente, Enschede host a consultant Harry Brinkman, Senior Advisor, team of the Salzburg KAZAKSTAN Center for Higher Education Policy Ministy of Education, Alma-Aty Studies Seminar’s Visiting Murat Zhurinov, Minister Peter Maassen, Director, Center for Advisors Program Higher Education Policy Studies LATVIA at our university. NORWAY Riga Technical University The external Elmars Bekeris, Vice Rector for University of Bergen evaluation of the Academic and Professional Studies; Etelka Dahl, Director of Academic Associate Professor Affairs current situation at Ivars Knets, Rector; Director, Institute our university will of Biomechanics and Biomaterials POLAND certainly assist us in University of Latvia, Riga Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan Aline Grzhibovska, Director, Marek Krêglewski, Vice Rector for the running process International Office International Affairs Juris Kruminš, Vice Rector of changes.” Ivars Lacis, Rector “Artes Liberales” Institute, Warsaw Janis Stonis, Director, Student Robert Sucharski, Executive Director Ivars Lacis Information Center Jagiellonian University, Krakow University of Latvia Edvins Vanags, Head, Department for Michal du Vall, Associate Professor of Public Administration Law Juris Zakis, Rector Wojciech Froncisz, Vice Rector for Development Krzystof Krolas, Vice Dean, Institute 16 of Physics Emil Orzechowski, Dean, Faculty of ROMANIA Management and Communication Tadeusz Skarbek, Administrative “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Director Iasi Kazimierz Sowa, Professor, Institute of Stefan Avadanei, Professor, Public Affairs, Faculty of Management Department of English and Social Communication Panaite Nica, Professor, Department of Polish Academy of Sciences Management Henryk Ratajczak, Director, Paris Bogdan Plescan, Administrative Office, France General Manager Gheorghe Popa, Rector Warsaw School of Economics Grzegorz Augustyniak, Research “Babes-Bolyai” University of Cluj Fellow Paul Agachi, Professor of Chemical Zbigniew Dworzecki, Vice Rector for Engineering Management and Development Manuela Dordea, Director, Socrates Marian Geldner, Vice Rector for Commission External Relations Zoltan Kassa, Director, Center for Janina Józwiak, Rector Distance Education Jacek Kotlowski, Assistant, Institute Andrei Marga, Rector; Former for Econometrics Minister of Education Krzystof Piech, Economist, Economic Carmen Pricopi, International Officer, Policy Department International Relations Office *Piotr Ploszajski, Head, Department of Cristian Silvestru, Vice Dean, Faculty Management Theory; Former Director of Chemistry General, Polish Academy of Sciences Simion Simon, Krzysztof Przybylowski, Adjunct Vice Rector, Professor Faculty of Physics Warsaw University Jan Madey, Vice Rector “Lucian Blaga” Wlodzimierz Siwinski, Rector University, Sibiu Grazyna Wieczorkowska-Nejtardt, Dumitru Director, International Programs Ciocoi-Pop, Rector Warsaw University of Technology Dorin Krzysztof Kurzydlowski, Vice Rector Drâmbárean, for Student Affairs Executive Jerzy Osiowski, Professor and Director, Office Chairman, Main Council of Higher for Foreign Education Academic Grzegorz Pawlicki, Chairman, Senate Relations Piotr Ploszajski (Warsaw Commission on Problems of the Cristina Sandru, Teaching Assistant, School of Economics, University’s Organization and Structure Department of British and American Poland) and Peter Magrath Jerzy Woznicki, Rector Studies, Faculty of Letters, History and (NASULGC, USA) during a Wroclaw University Journalism working group meeting on Anna Dabrowska, Vice Director, Gheorghe Dorin Stoicescu, Science the Schloss terrace. Institute of Polish Philology Secretary, University Senate Roman Duda, Rector Ministry of National Education, Jacek Glinski, Assistant Professor, Bucharest Faculty of Chemistry Gabriela Atanasiu, Director of Jerzy Krakowski, Vice Rector for International Relations Student Affairs Zdzislaw Latajka, Vice Rector for Targu Mures University of Medicine Research and Foreign Affairs and Pharmacy Andrzej Witkowski, Vice Rector for Louis Seres-Sturm, Vice Rector Teaching Technical University of Iasi Józef Ziólkowski, Vice Rector for Nicolae Badea, Vice Rector Research and International Affairs Mihai Gafitanu, Rector University of Gdansk University of Bucharest Andrezej Ceynowa, Vice Rector for Ioan Cristurean, Academic Secretary Research and International Cooperation Maria Pruna, Chief Secretary University of Warmia and Mazury, Corneliu Zidaroiu, Vice Rector Olstyn Ryszard Górecki, Rector 17 RUSSIAN FEDERATION Sergey Shilov, Vice Rector for International Affairs; Associate Association of Non-State Higher Professor of Chemistry Educational Institutions, Moscow Institute of Administration, Business *Vladimir Vasil’evich Gusev, and Law, Rostov-on-Don Chairman, Association of Rectors, Black Imran Gurry Ogly Akperov, Rector Earth Region; Former Rector, Voronezh State University International Banking Institute, St. Vladimir Alexeevich Zernov, Petersburg Chairman, Association of Rectors, Black Viktor Nikolaievich Veniaminov, Earth Region Rector International Independent Ecological- Political University, Moscow Stanislav Aleksandrovich Stepanov, Rector International University, Moscow Oksana Stanislavovna Oleneva, Head of Academic Department Ludmila Georgievna Tretyakova, Vice Rector *Gennady Alekseevich Yagodin, Rector International University of Higher Technology, Voronezh Igor Yakovlevich L’vovich, Vice Rector for Academics Irkutsk State University Members of the Russian Valery Nikolaevich Ryzhikov, Vice delegation at the January Bashkir State University, Ufa Rector 1999 Plenary Convocation: Bayazit Sabiryanovich Galimov, First Alexander Ilyich Smirnov, Rector Vladimir Alexeevich Zernov Vice Rector Constantin Sergeevich Zhukov, Dean (Association of Non-State Nikolai Danilovich Morozkin, Vice Kaliningrad State University Higher Educational Rector for Education Vera Zabotkina, Vice Rector for Institutions), German Yaudat Sultanaev, Dean, Department International Affairs; Chair, Sevirovich Mironov of Mathematics Department of English (Yaroslavl State University), Belgorod State University Kazan Finance and Economics Vasily Maximilianovich Evgeny Vladimirovich Dvoretsky, Institute Zhurakovsky, (Ministry of First Pro Rector Nail Khairoulline, Rector General and Professional Buryat State University Education), Gennady Kazan State Technical University Nikolai Vasilievich Bodoev, Vice Gennady Degtyarev, Rector Alekseevich Yagodin Rector for Research Kazan State University (International University), Aldov Damdinov, Director, Bokhan Anatoly Sergeevich Branch Alexander Ivanov, Vice Rector for Vostrikov (Novosibirsk State Stepan Vladimirovich Kalmykov, Scientific Work Technical University), and Rector Asfan Idiatovich Khaibulov, Vice Vladimir Evgenievich Larissa Kovalyova, Vice President for Rector for Finance Evgeny Anatolievich Kniazev, Vice Tretyakov (Ural State Academic Affairs Rector; Head, International Office University). Valentina Sevostianova Makrova, Yuri Gennadievich Konoplev, Rector Chair, Department of English Philology Nail Kalimovich Zamov, Vice Rector Far Eastern State University, for Education Vladivostok Kuban State University, Krasnodar Valery Petrovich Dikarev, Vice Olga Viktorovna Agrova, Assistant President for International Affairs Professor, Department of German Evgeny Krasnov, Vice Governor, Philology and Assistant to the Rector Primorye Province Vladimir Ivanovich Cherny, Vice Boris Lvovich Reznik, Vice Rector for Rector Research Victor Andreevich Derbenev, First Andrei Uroda, Chief Manager, Foreign Vice Rector Affairs Office Alexander Ivanov, Vice Rector for Herzen State Pedagogical University, Scientific Work St. Petersburg Kursk State University Gennady Bordovsky, Rector Vyacheslav Viktorovich Gvozdev, 18 Rector Lipetsk Pedagogical Institute Nizhni Novgorod State University Vera Fyodorovna Chernova, Rector Aleksander Fyodorovich Khokhlov, Ministry of General and Professional Rector Education, Moscow Oleg Alekseevich Kolobov, Dean, Irina Arzhanova, Head of Department, College of History International Programmes and Georgi Arturovich Maximov, Vice “The brilliant Cooperation with International Rector for Scientific Work presentations from Organizations Roman Grigorievich Strongin, First Sergei Beliakov, Director, Department Vice Rector the Faculty all of Economics North Caucasus State Technical around the world Victor Alexandrovich Bolotov, Deputy University, Stavropol Minister Evgeny Nikolaevich Shiyanov, Vice and the heated Vladimir Georgeevich Kinelev, Rector for Education working group Minister Boris Mikhailovich Sinelnikov, Rector Aleksandr Vasil’evich Prokopchuk, Elvira Mechislavovna Sinelnikova, Vice discussions opened Advisor to the Minister, International Rector, International Business School to me new vistas Affairs Division Novgorod State University Gennady Sarychev, Head, Vladimir Yefimovich Gantmakher, on every side of International Research Department Vice Rector for Research Yuri Shlyonov, Director, Department of Anatoly Gavrikov, Rector academic life. Financing Research and Innovations Nikolai Kurmishev, Vice Rector for I hope to Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sleptsov, New Information Technologies; Head of Department Director, University Internet Center disseminate the Alexey Vladimirovich Talonov, Deputy Alexander Georgievich Plotnikov, ideas further among Head, International Cooperation Deputy Director, Department of Division Education, Culture, Sports and Youth my colleagues and *Vasiliy Maximilianovich Politics Zhurakovsky, First Deputy Minister Vladimir Soroka, Rector students.” Moscow Academy of Economics and Evgeny Tultsev, Head, Office Irina Kabanova Law Technologies Department Fellow, Session 379 Nikolai Mikhailovich Ogarkov, Rector Valery Nikolaevich Zelenin, Vice Saratov State University, Rector for International Affairs Moscow Institute of Physics and Russian Federation Technology Novosibirsk Humanitarian Institute Nikolai Vasilevich Karlov, Rector; Evgeny Alekseevich Sokolkov, Rector Chairman, Supreme Certifying Novosibirsk Municipal Department of Committee of Russian Federation Education Maria Vladimirovna Kondaurova, Vladimir Viktorovich Ivanov, Deputy 1999 Russian-US Young Leadership for Chief Public Service Program Fellow, Novosibirsk Regional currently at University of Wyoming Administration Timofei Vladimirovich Kondranin, Evgeniya Vice Rector Anatolievna Nikolai Kudryavtsev, Rector Mouzichenko, Vice Yuri Samarsky, Vice Rector President, Committee Moscow Open Social University on Regional Scientific Ivan Gregorievich Bezuglov, Rector Technical Politics, Moscow Physical-Technical Institute Mayor’s Office Nikolai Vasilevich Karlov, Rector Novosibirsk State Svetlana Ivanovna Trofimova, Head Academy of of Department of International Affairs Architecture and Arts Moscow State University Gennady Ivanovich Victor Fedorovich Maximov, Deputy Pustovetov, Rector Pro Rector, Academic Policy and Hans Adriaansens Novosibirsk State Technical University (University of Utrecht, Curriculum Yuri Andreevich Afanasiev, Vice Netherlands), Peter Rose Mikhail Viktorovich Rychev, Deputy Rector for Studies (Smith College, USA), and Vice Rector Evgeny Borisovich Tsoi, Vice Rector Universities Director Jochen *Viktor Antonovich Sadovnichy, for International Relations Fried continue their Rector Anatoly Sergeevich Vostrikov, Rector Vladimir Ilyich Trukhin, Pro Rector, discussions on the Schloss Novosibirsk State University Academic Policy and Curriculum terrace. Nikolai Sergeevich Dikansky, Rector Victor Radchenko, Vice Rector 19 Gennady Jurievich Shvedenkov, Vice St. Petersburg State University Rector Viktor Dimitrievich Shvetsov, Vice Aleksei Vostretsov, Head, Rector, Head of Administration Radioelectronic Means Design and Alexander Nicolaevich Soshnev, Vice Technology Department Rector for Social and Economic Development Lyudmila Alekseevna Verbitskaya, Rector St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Law Leonid Stepanovich Tarasevich, Rector St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design Victor Yegorovich Romanov, Rector Samara Humanitarian Academy Natalia Yurevna Voronina, Rector Samara State University Alexey Vladimirovich Nechaev, Head, Department of International Relations Facilitators at the April 2001 Gennady Petrovich Yarovoy, Rector Oblasts of the Central Region of Russia symposium: Salzburg Grigory Fedorovich Fedorov, General Saratov State University Seminar President Olin Director, Chamber of Commerce Anastasija Gavrilova, Coordinator of Robison, Jan Sadlak International Programs (UNESCO-CEPES, Romania), Perm State University Alexy Kuraev, Counselor in External Ossi Lindqvist (University of Boris Kondakov, Dean, Philological Affairs, Office of the Rector Kuopio, Finland), Universities Faculty Svetlana Petrovna Mushtakova, Project Russian Program Igor Yurievich Makharikhin, Head, Professor Coordinator Helene Academic Division Liudmila Mikhailovna Strakhova, Kamensky, Robin Farquhar Vladimir Vladimirovich Malinin, Director, International Office (Carleton University, Canada), Rector Alexader Sytnik, Director of the Volga Universities Project Director Valery Alexandrovich Sherstnyov, Region Center of New Technologies Jochen Fried, John Davies Vice Rector for Economics and Social Dimitrii Ivanovich Trubetskov, Rector (Anglia Polytechnic University, Issues Vladmir Suslonov, Vice Rector for Smolensk Humanitarian University UK), John Burkhardt Nikolai Yevgenievich Mazhar, Rector (University of Michigan, USA), Research Petrozavodsk State University Tambov State University Jairam Reddy (Human Sergei Vladimirovich Mishchenko, Sciences Research Council, Natalia Vladimirovna Dorshakova, Professor, Faculty of Medicine Professor and Rector; Doctor of South Africa), Marvin Peterson Technical Sciences (University of Michigan, USA), Yuri Yurievich Gerasimov, Professor, Tatar Institute for Business Promotion, Peter Magrath (NASULGC, Forest Engineering Faculty USA), Dan Matuszewski (IREX, Nikolai Rudolphovich Toivonen, Vice Kazan USA), Vasily Zhurakovsky Rector for International Relations Nella Matveevna Pruss, Rector (Ministry of General and Viktor Nikolaevich Vasiliev, Rector Tomsk State University Professional Education, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan Mikhail Demyanovich Babansky, Russian Federation), Anatoli Ramil Valeev, Head, Department of First Vice Rector Vostrikov (Novosibirsk State Science and Education, Council of Georgy Vladimirovich Mayer, Rector Technical University, Russian Ministers of Tatarstan Vladimir Nikolaevich Stegnii, Vice Federation), László Frenyó Zilya Rakhimyanovna Valeeva, Rector for Science (Szent Istvan University, Deputy Head, State Council Aleksei Georgievich Timoshenko, Vice Hungary), Gail Stevenson Rostov State University Rector for International Programs (Champlain College, USA), Alexander Vladimirovich Belokon, Ural State Technical University, Tony Morgan (University of Rector Ekaterinburg Utah, USA), and Evgeny Andrei Vatalievich Korenevsky, Vsevelod Semyonovich Kortov, Vice Kniazev (Kazan State Deputy Vice Rector for Academic President University, Russian Affairs Alexandre Vladimirovich Ponomarev, Federation). Anatoly Ivanovich Narezhny, First Vice Rector Vice Rector Sergei Shanchurov, Vice Rector for St. Petersburg State Technological International Relations Institute Anatolij Sergeevich Dudarov, Rector 20 Ural State University, Ekaterinburg University of Ljubljana Larisa Mikhailovna Dorokhina, Katja Breskvar, Vice Rector for Deputy Head Undergraduate Education Alexei Constantinovich Kliuev, Joze Mencinger, Rector Advisor to the Rector on Administration Marijeta Vilfan, Secretary General and Economics University of Maribor Konstantin Lovtsky, Advisor for Lucka Lorber, Deputy General Information Technologies Secretary Vladimir Vasilievich Pupynin, Head, Ludvik Toplak, Rector Central Economic Department Andrej Umek, Vice Rector Vladimir Evgenievich Tretyakov, Rector, Voronezh Oblast Administration SOUTH AFRICA Voronezh Pedagogical University Vyacheslav Vital’evich Podkolzin, University of South Africa, Pretoria Rector Eleanor Lemmer, Professor, Voronezh State Technical University Department of Comparative Education Yakov Yevseyevich L’vovich, Vice and Educational Management Rector for New Information Technologies Voronezh State University SPAIN Valery Grigorievich Artiukhov, Dean, University of Barcelona Janez Kranjc (University Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences Armando Palomar, Director, Special of Ljubljana, Slovenia) and Alexander Victorovich Miroshnikov, Projects and International Relations, Mark Huddleston (University Professor of History Bosch and Gimpera Foundation of Delaware, USA) enjoy a Valentin Sidorovich Rakhmanin, University of Leon Chair, Department of Political Science moment of light Miguel Cordero del Campillo, conversation. and Sociology Professor of Veterinary Yakutsk State University Parasitology and Rector Anatoly Nikolaevich Alexeyev, Rector Emeritus Vladimir Petrovich Ignatiev, Vice Rector for Academic Affairs SWEDEN Georgy Gennadievich Petrov, Research Student Gotland University College, Yaroslavl State University Visby Vladimir Dmitrievich Kukushkin, Gunhild Beckman, Vice Rector President German Sevirovich Mironov, Rector Stockholm University Roman Pavlovich Usatyuk, Vice Rector Jonas Engberg, Senior Advisor on International SLOVAKIA Affairs Uppsala University Association of Carpathian Region Lars Rydén, Director, Universities, Kosice Baltic University Karol Florian, President Programme Comenius University, Bratislava Ferdinand Devinsky, Rector SWITZERLAND Zora Dobrikova, Registrar Juraj Svec, Professor and Former University of Geneva Rector Luc Weber, Professor, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra Department of Economics Jozef Balla, Vice Rector University of P.J. Šafárik, Košice THAILAND Dušan Podhradský, Rector Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok Oliver Rácz, Vice Rector Paitoon Sinlarat, Director, Center for Professional Development in Higher SLOVENIA Education Ministry of Education and Sport, Ljubljana UKRAINE Slavko Gaber, Minister Lviv State University Pavel Zgaga, Vice Minister Yuri Rashkevych, Vice Rector for Education and International Relations 21 Ivan Olexandrovych Vakarchuk, UNITED STATES Rector Vasyl Vysochansky, Vice Rector for Alamo Community College District, Educational Activity San Antonio, Texas Yury Zavhorodnyev, Head, Eduardo Conrado, Director for Department of English Philology International Programs Ministry of Education, Kiev Alderson Broaddus College, Philippi, Mikhail Filimonovich Stepko, Head, West Virginia Main Office of Higher Education Steve Markwood, President National Technical University of American Council on Education, Ukraine, Kiev Washington, DC Sergei Siderinko, Head, Department of Peter Eckel, Assistant Director, Kellogg Foreign Relations Projects on Leadership and Institutional Yuri Yakimenko, First Vice Rector Development *Madeleine Green, Vice President “This seminar led Odessa State Polytechnic University Barbara Hill, Senior Fellow us to formulate a Valery Malakhov, Rector Jacqueline King, Director of Federal Odessa State University Policy Analysis clearer vision Valentin Smyntyna, Rector Arizona State University, Tempe with regard to University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”, Charles Bantz, Vice Provost Kiev globalization and Lattie Coor, President Tetyana Bondarchuk, Dean of Students Association of American Universities, the future of the Viatcheslav Brioukhovetsky, Rector Washington, DC Sophia Pokhodnia, Vice President for Nils Hasselmo, President universities. Relations and Development Natalia Shumkova, Head, Public Association of Governing Boards of Of equal importance Relations and Fundraising Universities and Colleges, Washington, was the opportunity DC UNITED KINGDOM Rick Legon, Executive Vice President to share ideas and Baylor University, Waco, Texas establish a network Anglia Polytechnic University, Essex John Belew, Professor and Provost *John Davies, Dean of the Graduate Emeritus with colleagues from School Wallace Daniel, Dean, College of Arts Rick Rylance, Dean, School of Arts and and Sciences East and Central Letters; Professor of Modern English B. Michael Long, Director, Slavic and Europe, Russia, Literature East European Studies Grenzebach Glier Europe, London Herbert Reynolds, Chancellor and the United Jill Pellew, Vice President and Benedict College, Columbia, South States. This Managing Director Carolina networking will Kingston University, Surrey David Swinton, President and CEO Peter Scott, Vice Chancellor Bethune-Cookman College, Dayton facilitate future joint Queen’s University, Belfast Beach, Florida projects.” Robert Cormack, Pro Vice Chancellor Ann Taylor, Vice President for University of Cambridge Academic Affairs Eduardo Conrado Peter Swinnerton-Dyer, Professor, Boston College, Massachusetts Alamo Community Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical *Philip Altbach, Director, Center for College District, USA Sciences International Higher Education; University of Leicester Professor of Higher Education Kenneth Edwards, Vice Chancellor Boston University, Massachusetts University of London John Silber, Chancellor Gareth Williams, Professor, Institute of Bradford College, Haverill, Education Massachusetts University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Joseph Short, President Peter West, Secretary California State Polytechnic University, University of Wales Aberystwyth Pomona Maureen Woodhall, Research Fellow Hugh LaBounty, President Emeritus University of Warwick California State University, Michael Shattock, Registrar Sacramento Donald Gerth, President

22 California State University, Chico Indiana University-Purdue University, Manuel Esteban, President, California Indianapolis State University-Chico Barbara Holland, Senior Scholar (on Champlain College, Burlington, leave), Dean of the Faculties Office; Vermont Director, Office of University Roger Perry, President Partnerships, United States Department Gail Stevenson, Director of of Housing and Urban Development, International Programs Washington, DC Chronicle of Higher Education, Institute of International Education, Washington, DC New York Malcolm Scully, Managing Editor Tony Claudino, Senior Program Officer, Ron Brown Fellowship Program The City College of New York Yolanda Moses, Former President International Research and Exchanges The City University of New York Board (IREX) Ali Hakan Altinay, Senior Consultant, Louise Mirrer, Executive Vice Istanbul, Turkey Chancellor for Academic Affairs *Daniel C. Matuszewski, Chair, Board Arlinda Wickland Claremont Graduate University, of Governors Executive Committee and (Middlebury College, USA), California Former President, Washington, DC Ann Hart, Provost and Vice President discusses the role of Ithaca College, New York for Academic Affairs students in university affairs Peggy Williams, President with colleagues from Colgate University, Hamilton, New Johns Hopkins University, Washington, Central, East, and West York DC Europe and North America. Neil Grabois, President S. Frederick Starr, Chair, Central Council for International Exchange of Asian Institute, School for Advanced Scholars, Washington, DC International Studies Patti Peterson, Executive Director Kansas State University, Manhattan Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti James R. Coffman, Provost Donald Loppnow, Associate Vice W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle President Creek, Michigan EDUCOM, Washington, DC John Burkhardt, Program Director, Carolyn Jarmon, Visiting Fellow Leadership and Higher Education Carol Twigg, Vice President, Learning Cynthia Koch, Program Officer Initiatives Kennedy-King Emory and Henry College, Virginia College, Chicago, Tom Morris, President Illinois ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher JoAnn Horton, Education, Washington, DC President Adrianna Kezar, Director; Assistant Kent State Professor of Higher Education University, Ohio Franklin Pierce College, Rindge, New Carol Cartwright, Hampshire President James Forest, Director of Strategic Longwood College, Analysis Farmville, Virginia Gulf Coast Community College, William Dorrill, Panama City, Florida President Emeritus, Robert L. McSpadden, President Department of Ivars Lacis (University of Harvard University, Cambridge, History and Political Science Latvia) and Symposium Co- Massachusetts Lyndon State College, Lyndonville, Chair Judith Ramaley Dorothy S. Zinberg, John F. Kennedy Vermont (University of Vermont, USA) School of Government William Laramee, Dean of engage in discussion over The William and Flora Hewlett Institutional Advancement coffee during the November Foundation Maricopa Community Colleges, Tempe, 2000 symposium. David Gardner, President; President Arizona Emeritus, University of California Ron Bleed, Vice Chancellor for New System Information Technologies Indiana University, Bloomington The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Ben Eklof, Director, Institute for the New York Study of Russian Education Alice Emerson, Senior Fellow Indiana University Kokomo Emita Hill, Chancellor 23 Michigan State University, East Smith College, Northampton, Lansing Massachusetts Kathryn Moore, Director, Center for Peter Rose, Sophia Smith Professor of Advanced Learning Systems Sociology and Anthropology Keith Williams, Executive Director, State University of New York, Albany Alumni Association Thomas Bartlett, Former Chancellor Middlebury College, Vermont John Ryan, Chancellor Eric Davis, Secretary of the College State University of New York, Buffalo and Professor of Political Science Olga Bain, Ph.D. Candidate, John McCardell, President Department of Educational Leadership Neil Waters, Professor of History and and Policy Director of the International Studies *D. Bruce Johnstone, University Program Professor of Higher Education; Former Arlinda Wickland, Director, Office of Chancellor Student Fellowships and Scholarships Texas A&M University System, Austin Clara Yu, C.V. Starr Professor of David Warren (National Stanton Calvert, Vice Chancellor for Linguistics and Director, Project 2001 Association of Independent Governmental Relations Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia Colleges and Universities, Tarrant County College District, Walter Massey, President USA), speaks at the Fort Worth, Texas October 1999 symposium. NAFSA: Association of International Leonardo de la Garza, Chancellor Educators, Washington, DC Trinity College, Burlington, Vermont Marlene Johnson, Executive Director Elizabeth Candon, Professor and and CEO Former President National Association of Independent Janice Ryan, Former President Colleges and Universities, Washington, Union College, Barbourville, Kentucky DC David Joyce, President David Warren, President “These universities US Embassy, Moscow, Russian represent the “cutting- National Association of State Federation Universities and Land-Grant Colleges Rosemary DiCarlo, Cultural Affairs edge” for economic (NASULGC), Washington, DC Attaché *C. Peter Magrath, President and social reform, US Embassy, Prague, Czech Republic New England Association of Schools Deborah McGeehon, Cultural Affairs and the rectors and and Colleges, Inc., Bedford, Attaché Massachusetts their collegues are in a Charles Cook, Director, Commission US Mission to Organization for on Institutions of Higher Education Security and Cooperation in Europe, position to bring Vienna, Austria about new and Northern Kentucky University, Sam Poole, Personal Representative of Highland Heights the Secretary of Defense, Organization innovative approaches Gerald Hunter, Associate Vice for Security and Cooperation in Europe in higher education. President and Budget Director (OSCE); Former Chair, Board of Oregon State University, Corvalis Governors, University of North I sincerely believe John Byrne, President Emeritus Carolina that the Salzburg Otterbein College, Ohio University of Arizona, Tucson Stephen Storck, Vice President for Larry Leslie, Professor, Center for the Seminar is in the Business Affairs Study of Higher Education vanguard of making Pennsylvania State University, State Sheila Slaughter, Professor, Center for College the Study of Higher Education significant changes in Bryce Jordan, President Emeritus University of California, Davis East European Graham Spanier, President William Lacy, Vice Provost for The Pew Forum on Undergraduate Outreach and International Affairs education.” Learning, Washington, DC University of California, Irvine Russell Edgerton, Director Jack Peltason, President Emeritus Edward Jakubauskas University of Colorado at Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, University of California, Los Angeles Denver, USA Virginia Alexander Astin, Professor of Higher Steven Lang, Associate Dean Education; Director, Higher Education Roger Martin, President Research Institute San Jose State University, California Helen Astin, Professor of Higher Peter Lee, Associate Vice President Education; Associate Director, Higher Angela Rickford, Associate Professor, Education Research Institute College of Education 24 University of Charleston, West Virginia Thomas Salmon, President Emeritus Edwin Welch, President; Chair, Deane Wang, Acting Dean, Sciences Appalachian College Association and Natural Resources University of Colorado at Denver Washington State University, Pullman Edward Jakubauskas, Senior Jane Fiori Lawrence, Director, Honors Economist, Center for International Program Business and Economic Studies; Former Wayne State University, Detroit, President, Central Michigan University Michigan University of Delaware, Newark Irvin Reid, President Arno Loessner, Senior Policy Fellow; Williams College, Williamstown, Former Vice President and University Massachusetts Secretary John Chandler, President Emeritus University of Kentucky, Lexington Elisabeth Zinser, Chancellor VIET NAM University of Maryland, College Park Thomas Fretz, Dean, College of Viet Nam National University, Hanoi Agriculture and Natural Resources Dai Doan Ngo, Deputy Director, Adam Yarmolinsky, Regents Professor Academic Affairs of Public Policy University of Maryland Eastern Shore, YUGOSLAVIA Princess Anne Advanced Academic Educational Jackie Thomas, Special Assistant to the Network, Belgrade President Aleksandra University of Massachusetts, Amherst Bajazetov-Vucen, Marcellette Williams, Deputy Lecturer in German Chancellor Language University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Milica Djilas, James Duderstadt, President Emeritus Assistant Lecturer, Marvin Peterson, Professor of Higher International Education Cooperation Officer, Committee for University of Michigan, Dearborn International James Renick, Chancellor Cooperation University of Michigan, Flint Srbijanka Turajlic, Juan Mestas, Chancellor President, Board of University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Directors Ettore (Jim) Infante, Professor of Belgrade Center for Universities Project Mathematics Human Rights Deputy Director Scott Jean Keffeler, Former Regent and Vojin Dimitrijevic, Director Atherton in conversation Chair Open Society Foundation, Belgrade with Peter Lee (San Jose University of North Carolina, Chapel Sonja Licht, President, Executive Board State University, USA). Hill University of Montenegro Lowell Roberts, Research Fellow, Radovan Martinovic, Professor, Institute for Research Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; University of Pennsylvania, President, Association of University Philadelphia Professors of Montenegro Robert Zemsky, Director, Institute for Zarko Mirkovic, Vice Rector for Arts Research on Higher Education University of Pristina University of Rochester, New York Dikagjin Pupovci, Executive Director, Dennis O’Brien, President Emeritus Kosova Education Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City Paul Brinkman, Associate Vice INTERNATIONAL President for Budget and Planning *Anthony W. Morgan, Professor of Association of European Universities Higher Education, Department of (CRE), Geneva, Switzerland Educational Leadership and Policy; Mary O’Mahony, Deputy Secretary Former Vice President General Diana Pounder, Associate Dean, School Association of Universities of Asia and of Education the Pacific, Nakhon Ratchasima, University of Vermont, Burlington Thailand Judith Ramaley, President Ruben Umaly, Secretary General; Director, Center for International 25 Affairs, Suranaree University of United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Technology Herzegovina, Sarajevo Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France Jacques Paul Klein, Special *James Wimberley, Head of the Representative of the United Nations Technical Cooperation and Assistance Secretary General Section United Nations Mission in Kosovo, ESIB-The National Unions of Students Prishtina in Europe, Brussels, Belgium Michael Daxner, Co-Head for Manja Klemencic, Director Education; Former President, European Commission, Brussels, University of Oldenburg, Germany Belgium The World Bank Constance Meldrum, Principle Stephen Benko, Director, Higher Administrator, DG for Education and Education Reform Project, Budapest, Training Hungary Holger Schröder, Desk Officer, DG for Peter Darvas, Education Department, Education and Culture East and Central Europe Office, European University Association, Washington, DC, USA Geneva, Switzerland Frederick Golladay, Principal Human *Andris Barblan, Secretary General Resources Economist, Washington, DC, USA Guy Haug, Principal Advisor; Former Director General for Europe, Council of International Educational Exchange, SALZBURG SEMINAR Paris, France Salzburg, Austria and Middlebury, Lewis Purser, Program Officer Vermont, USA Open Society Institute, Higher Olin Robison, President; President Education Support Program, Emeritus, Middlebury College, Vermont Budapest, Hungary Universities Project (current staff) Rhett Bowlin, Deputy Director Scott Atherton, Deputy Director Nandini Ramanujam, Director Jochen Fried, Director Woldemar Tomusk, Program Manager Marty Gecek, Coordinator, Visiting Open Society Institute, Moscow, Advisors Program Russian Federation Anna Glass, Program Assistant Alexander Chvorostov, Academic Helene Kamensky, Russian Program Consultant, Megaproject for Coordinator Development of Education in Russia Universities Project (former staff) Wallace Daniel (Baylor Vladimir Nikolaevich Petrov, Director, Raymond Benson, Director University, USA) and Gail Regional Office Kursk Elizabeth Bibby, Program Assistant Stevenson (Champlain UNESCO Colin Guard, Program Assistant, College, USA) during the Dimitri Beridze, Head of the Section Russian Program June 1998 symposium. for Inter-University Cooperation, Bryan Wockley, Program Assistant Division of Higher Education, Paris, France Klaus Hufner, President, German Commission, Berlin, Germany *Jan Sadlak, Director, European Center for Higher Education (CEPES), Bucharest, Romania Stamenka Uvalic-Trumbic, Chief of Unit, Bureau of Programme Coordination, Education Sector, Paris, France Lazar Vlasceanu, Assistant Director, European Center for Higher Education (CEPES), Bucharest, Romania Lesley Wilson, Director, European Center for Higher Education (CEPES), Bucharest, Romania

26 BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT VISITING rom the outset of the Universities Project, an additional component of site visits was Fplanned that would encourage the higher education reform process, and complement ADVISORS the discussions at symposia in Salzburg. This new initiative, called the Visiting Advisors Program (VAP), began in 1998 through generous funding from the W.K. Kellogg PROGRAM Foundation. The VAP sends teams of North American and West and East European university presidents and higher education experts, who volunteer their time and expertise, to conduct site visits at selected participating universities and assist them in the process of institutional self-assessment and change. The overall goal of the program is to provide practical advice and recommendations to institutions of higher education, which are coping with the challenges presented by administering the modern university. From the beginning, the decision was made to involve both advisors and host institutions in the VAP from among those who had participated in Universities Project symposia in Salzburg. In September 1998, a letter was mailed to all North American and West European Universities Project alumni, inviting them to volunteer to travel as a team member to a requesting institution in Central or East Europe, the Russian Federation, or the Newly Independent States. At the same time, a letter was sent to rectors and other senior-level representatives of higher education institutions who had participated in Universities Project symposia, inviting them to submit a request for a consultant visit. The goal was for the consultant team to spend three to five days at the host institution to provide advice and recommendations on specific institutional concerns identified in advance by the requesting university. The response from both potential advisors and host institutions was immediate and enthusiastic. To date, more than 100 senior-level educational experts have confirmed their willingness to participate in the Visiting Advisors Program. Among them are current and former presidents and Petras Barsauskas and Ramutis chancellors of universities and colleges, and high-level university educators and Bansevicius (Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania), Ed administrators from North America, and West and East Europe. More than thirty Jakubauskas (University of universities in Central and East Europe and the Russian Federation have indicated their Colorado at Denver, USA), interest in hosting a consultant team. Between December 1998 and December 2000, Jacob Scheele (Inspectorate of twenty-three teams, each consisting of three to five members, traveled to universities in Education, Netherlands), VAP Central and East Europe and the Russian Federation. Coordinator Marty Gecek, Arunas Lukosevicius (Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania), and Ossi Lindqvist (University of Kuopio, Finland) The Visiting Advisors Program during the VAP visit to Kaunas University of Technology, of the Universities Project Lithuania, in November 2000. is made possible by a generous grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Thanks to the generosity and vision of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the Universities Project has been able to add this valuable site-visit component, which complements Project discussions in Salzburg.

27 GOALS

rom the perspective of the Universities Project and its Visiting Advisors, there are Ftwo main purposes for a consultant team’s work: w to provide advice to senior-level colleagues at the host institution on academic and administrative changes that seem promising as ways to solve problems, improve operations, or achieve objectives that the host university has identified for consideration; and w to offer advice on progressive reforms that will enable the host universities to play a leadership role in the economic and social advancement of their respective nations. There are also two secondary purposes from the point of view of the visiting team members: “The Visiting w professionally, they seek to gain insights that will expand their understanding Advisors Program of higher education in a global context and provide new analytical perspectives opens up new on their own institutions and national systems; and opportunities for w personally, they are provided with an opportunity to visit a part of the world of meaningful change in interest to them. The leaders of the host institution who choose to request a team of Visiting higher education Advisors also have multiple expectations from such a visit. Such expectations include, institutions in but are not limited to: Central and Eastern w the promotion of administrative improvement (e.g., in budgeting and revenue Europe and Russia. procurement, human resource management, and the development of technology in higher education); Experts from all w the fostering of academic advancement (e.g., through interdisciplinary countries can freely programming, instructional approaches, and international linkages); debate their w political enhancement (e.g., internally through legitimatising developments professional promoted by institutional leaders, and externally through credibility accorded by governmental authorities); experiences.” w profile raising (e.g., by scheduling press conferences and media interviews with Raoul Kneucker Visiting Advisors); and Federal Ministry for Education, w status building (e.g., through this visible linkage to the prestigious Salzburg Science and Culture, Austria Seminar). In order to help facilitate the host institution in attaining these goals, John Davies (Anglia Polytechnic University, UK) identified four elements of the VAP advisor role: w Mirror: reflecting back views of the organization and its phenomena w Revealer: identification of possible shortcomings in the institution against either its declared mission/strategy or international good practice, or both w Resource: presentation of information from other settings w Catalyst: inspiration to institution to consider different approaches

TOWARD IMPROVEMENT AND CONTINUATION

rom the outset, this has been an experimental program, and adaptations and Fimprovements to the organizational process were made as lessons learned were put into practice. For example, during initial visits: w the consultant team learned that it should receive more, and focused, preliminary information both about the host institution itself and its specific institutional concerns; 28 w the host institution should provide a detailed advance agenda with a stated purpose for each meeting; and w future consultant visits should commence with a meeting with the rector of the host institution to provide the framework for the visit, and conclude with a final session with the rector, at which the team’s preliminary report is presented. These and other such recommendations provided the basis for the creation of detailed guidelines for both the host institution and the advisors; the implementation of these guidelines, which were submitted to the Universities Project Advisory Committee members for their comment and additions, have improved the efficiency and quality of the more recent team visits. Other important lessons learned during the first year of the program included: w The absolute necessity to limit the scope of each visit. When indicating the areas of institutional concern to be addressed during a consultant visit, most host institutions initially requested advice on a wide range of issues, from academic governance to revenue procurement, and from accreditation to the use of technology in education. Host institutions are currently asked to specify a limited number of areas that they would like the team to address during the three to five day visit. w The team should include a senior education expert from Central or East Europe. Although most of the initial visits included a representative from West Europe, it became clear that the challenges faced by institutions in Central and East Europe and the Russian Federation are in many ways vastly different from those in western countries, and the presence of a team member familiar with the concerns of similar institutions is of great benefit to the host institution. Efforts are currently being made to accommodate this request. The efficient administration of all components of w VAP visit to New Bulgarian the program is not only a rewarding task, but also an extremely labor-intensive University (NBU), Sofia, exercise. The coordination of the flow of information between the host institution Bulgaria, November 1999: and the team members, coordination of travel arrangements, staff presence on Robin Farquhar (Carleton most consultant teams, writing/editing team reports, and follow-up activity with University, Canada), Dennis team members and host institutions has involved a number of Universities Project O’Brien (University of staff members for varying amounts of time. It appears that with the current Rochester, USA), Ivanka Apostolova (Rector, NBU), staffing for the VAP, eight to ten consultant visits per year are the maximum that Toma Tomov (Member of can be undertaken and still maintain a high degree of efficiency and quality. the NBU Board of Trustees), Considerable thought has been given to ways in which the Visiting Advisors Leonardo de la Garza Program can build upon the excellent momentum established to date. Clearly, (Tarrant County College District, USA), Hans continuing liaisons between the host universities and the team members who have Brinckmann (University of traveled there is a high priority, and one that staff will continue to encourage. It has Kassel, Germany), and been suggested that important continuity in the program would be achieved by sending Bogdan Bogdanovic some or all team members from a team on a return visit to the university to assess the (Chairman, NBU Board of progress towards implementation of recommendations made. The first of such follow-up Trustees). visits took place in May 2001, with the same team members, to a university that was first visited in 1999. Another possibility would be to capitalize upon the knowledge gained of a particular country’s system of higher education by sending the same team members to another host institution in the same country. As a work in progress, continuing efforts are being made to ascertain ways in which the original goals can be achieved and expanded. 29 The extremely positive feedback received from virtually all host institutions has been gratifying. Indications show that the visits are extremely productive and highly appreciated by the host university for their practical suggestions and recommendations for institutional self- assessment and change. While the longer-term effects of the visits remain to be seen, it is clear that substantive discussions on specific issues of university management, governance, finance and budgeting, technology, student affairs, and relations with the larger society are taking place in all cases. A less tangible but equally valuable benefit is also emerging from the visits: visiting team members from the USA, Canada, and Europe are indicating that they, and by extension, their institutions, are gaining great benefit and insight through their contact with their colleagues from the East. It is clear that the VAP promotes The VAP team and BUTE learning in both directions. leadership team members. The Visiting Advisors Program has proven to be an extremely valuable additional component to the Universities Project, complementing and extending the work begun in Salzburg during the symposia. Host institutions greatly appreciate the opportunity to address their institutional concerns through the eyes of their peers in a joint effort designed to benefit both the host institution and the team members. The resulting mutual “Now, I, too, can learning experience is one of the fine rewards of the Visiting Advisors Program. fully testify that the CASE STUDY: VAP TRIP TO THE BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY Visiting Advisors OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS (BUTE) Program is an essential component n early April 2000, a team of senior university administrators and higher education Iexperts from the US, Poland, and Austria visited BUTE for five days of conversation of the Universities and consultation. During their visit, the team worked closely with senior-level Project and I place administrators of BUTE on the following issues (identified in advance by the BUTE great trust in the vice rector and his colleagues): advisors’ mission and w university administration and finance, including renewal of infrastructure academic structure and governance role, performed by w w university strategic plan sharing their w tuition fees policy expertise with w development of information technology resources many academic w human resources policy communities w the role of students in institutional affairs interested in higher education reform ice Rector Professor George Horvai made these comments on some of the lasting and social Veffects of the VAP visit to BUTE: accountability.” “During the past three years of my vice rectorship, we have had several consulting and advisory visits here, mostly concluding in advice on how we could further cut our Dumitru Ciocoi-Pop spending. The VAP team was among the few to show possible ways and means of “Lucian Blaga” University, potentially increasing our income. Romania In contrast to the rigid academic structures of the traditional European universities, and the almost frozen state of the Eastern Bloc due to decades of bureaucracy, the free atmosphere and initiation of a mobile, managerial spirit from the team members have 30 been very encouraging. Moreover, our meetings in Salzburg at various events of the Universities Project have helped to reestablish loosened contacts with colleagues from Russia, from other countries of the former Soviet Union, and even with university leaders from our closest neighbors, such as Slovakia and Romania.”

AP Team Leader Thomas Bartlett, chairman of the United States–Japan Foundation Vand former chancellor of the State University of New York System, shared his thoughts on the experience: “I can think of no experience in higher education that hour for hour teaches one more about contemporary universities than being part of a Visiting Advisors team outside one’s home region. For the team, the visit to BUTE was a fascinating challenge, in part because it made all of us think fundamentally about what is happening in many universities regardless of national borders or region. I believe we all felt that we were serving a purpose beyond our parochial concerns, higher learning BUTE Vice Rector George itself.” Horvai, Rector Ákos Detreköi, and Office for International Affairs elow are several of the recommendations included in the Visiting Advisors’ final Coordinator Andras Tokai Breport to the Rector of BUTE that have been implemented successfully, as meet with VAP team described by Vice Rector Horvai: members Piotr Ploszajski (Warsaw School of Strategic Planning: The process that had only begun when the team was in Economics, Poland), Emita Budapest has been vigorously continued, with committees at work on the Hill (Indiana University technical details. Kokomo, USA), Tom Bartlett (State University of New Leadership: A small “innovation fund” to support and provide incentives for good York, USA), Clara Yu ideas wherever they emerge on campus has been realized, and the first awards (Middlebury College, have been received by winners of an internal competition. Vermont, USA), and Universities Project Director Financial Planning: The Council of Deans has prepared the 2001 budget according Jochen Fried. to ideas set forth by the VAP team. External Affairs: The University hired an experienced senior advisor for international affairs who is actively coordinating the hitherto dispersed activities in this field. Relations to the Private Sector: Meetings have been organized to bring together potential Hungarian and international sponsors with university professors active in the same field.

31 (in reverse chronological order) w Krakow, Poland: Jagiellonian VAP LIST OF University CENTRAL AND June 11–15, 2001 CONSULTANT EAST EUROPE Team Members Thomas Bartlett (Team Leader) w Olsztyn, Poland: Warmia and Mazury Former Chancellor, State University of VISITS University New York, Albany, USA November 12–16, 2001 William Simpson, Chief Librarian, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Team Members Kari Hyppönen, Director of Pamela Wonsek, Deputy Librarian, Administration, University of Turku, Hunter College, City University of Finland New York, USA Judith Ramaley (Team Leader), Marty Gecek, Coordinator, Visiting President, University of Vermont, Advisors Program, Salzburg Seminar Burlington, USA Focus: Administrative and financial Jan Sadlak, Director, UNESCO- matters related to new University CEPES, Bucharest, Romania library, academic structure and governance issues within University. Jochen Fried, Director, Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar w Brno, Czech Republic: Masaryk Focus: Allocation of budget resources; University revenue planning and management; May 20–23, 2001 university autonomy; tuition fees; use Team Members of technology in educational Andris Barblan, Secretary General, administration. Association of European Universities, Geneva, Switzerland Neil Grabois, Vice President and Director of Strategic Planning and Coordination, Carnegie Corporation of New York; President Emeritus, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA C. Peter Magrath (Team Leader), President, National Association of State University and Land-Grant Colleges, Washington, DC, USA Jochen Fried, Director, Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar Focus: International ties and The VAP visit to the development of internationally “Lucian Blaga” University, w Kiev, Ukraine: National Technical recognized accreditation; Romania, June 2000: Juan University of Ukraine fundraising/financing project for new Mestas (University of medical campus—development of a September 17–22, 2001 Michigan, Flint, USA), Peter private/public partnership; integration of Lee, (San Jose State Team Members university studies and the credit system. University, USA), Dorin William Baker (Team Leader), Vice Drâmbárean (“Lucian Blaga” President Emeritus, University of w Riga, Latvia: University of Latvia University, Romania), Tony California System, USA April 23–27, 2001 Morgan (University of Utah, Daniel O’Hare, President Emeritus, Team Members USA), and Universities Dublin City University, Ireland Janina Józwiak, Former Rector, Project Director Jochen Piotr Ploszajski, Head, Department of Warsaw School of Economics, Poland Fried. Management, Warsaw School of Achim Mehlhorn, Rector, Technical Economics, Poland; Former Director University of Dresden, Germany General, Polish Academy of Sciences John Ryan (Team Leader), Former Marty Gecek, Coordinator, Visiting Chancellor, State University of New Advisors Program, Salzburg Seminar York, Albany, USA Focus: University administration and Marty Gecek, Coordinator, Visiting finance; academic structure and Advisors Program, Salzburg Seminar governance; introduction of Focus: Budgeting and accounting interdisciplinary courses, and academic systems and allocation of budget 32 credit transfer. resources; general management issues; College District, Fort Worth, Texas, university autonomy and academic USA freedom issues; tuition fees; use of Barbara Hill, Senior Fellow, Center technology to improve administration for Leadership Development, and general services; development of American Council on Education, relations with other institutions of civil Washington DC, USA society. Jochen Fried, Director, Universities w Rijeka, Croatia: University of Rijeka Project, Salzburg Seminar March 19–23, 2001 Focus: General organizational issues of Team Members university administration and finance; Emita Hill, Chancellor Emeritus, central authority of the rector; student Indiana University Kokomo, USA evaluations of faculty members, impact of technology to improve Bryce Jordan, President Emeritus, administration and general services. Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA Leopold März (Team Leader) Rector, University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna, Austria Jochen Fried, Director, Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar Focus: Institutional structure (identity and mission, and budget allocation); academic structure (course and program offerings); curriculum development; introduction of tuition fees. w Kaunas, Lithuania: Kaunas University of Technology Universities Project November 13–17, 2000 w Sibiu, Romania: “Lucian Blaga” Program Assistant Anna Team Members University of Sibiu Glass, Emita Hill (Indiana Edward Jakubauskas, Senior June 5–10, 2000 University Kokomo, USA), Economist, Center for International Team Members Leopold März (University of Business and Economic Studies, Agricultural Sciences, Peter Lee, Associate Vice President, University of Colorado at Denver; Austria), Universities Project San Jose State University, California, President Emeritus, Central Michigan Director Jochen Fried, and USA University, USA Darko Stefan (University of Juan Mestas, Chancellor, University Ossi Lindqvist (Team Leader), Rijeka, Croatia). of Michigan, Flint, USA Director and Former Rector, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University Anthony Morgan (Team Leader), of Kuopio, Finland Department of Educational Leadership and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Jacob Scheele, Inspectorate of Lake City, USA Education, Zwolle, Netherlands Jochen Fried, Director, Universities Marty Gecek, Coordinator, Visiting Project, Salzburg Seminar Advisors Program, Universities Project Focus: Academic structure and Focus: Revenue planning and governance within the institution; management; university autonomy and university administration and finance; academic freedom issues; introduction students’ needs and role of students in of interdisciplinary courses; student institutional affairs; technology in evaluation of faculty members; use of higher education, life-long learning and technology to improve administration; distance education; role of the impact of technology on the curriculum. university in the emerging civil society. w Klaipeda, Lithuania: Klaipeda w Zagreb, Croatia: University of Zagreb University May 1–5, 2000 October 16–20, 2000 Team Members Team Members László Frenyó, Professor of Dumitru Ciocoi-Pop, Rector, “Lucian Immunophysiology, Szent-Istvan Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania University, Budapest, Hungary; Leonardo de la Garza (Team Former President, Higher Education Leader), Chancellor, Tarrant County 33 and Research Council; Former Leonardo de la Garza, Chancellor, President, Hungarian Rectors Tarrant County College District, Fort Conference Worth, Texas, USA Madeleine Green, Vice President, Dennis O’Brien (Team Leader), American Council on Education, President Emeritus, University of Washington, DC, USA Rochester, New York, USA Josef Jarab (Team Leader), Former Jochen Fried, Director, Universities Rector, Palacky University, Olomouc, Project, Salzburg Seminar Czech Republic; Former Focus: Systems of academic credit; Rector, Central European introduction of interdisciplinary courses; University, Budapest, tuition fees; use of technology to Hungary improve administration; impact of Hans Wiesmeth, Vice technology on the curriculum. Rector for Research, Technical University of w Liberec, Czech Republic: Technical Dresden, Germany University of Liberec Focus: Financial policies October 31–November 4, 1999 including budgeting and Team Members funding; personnel policy and John Belew (Team Leader), Professor selection and appointment of and Provost Emeritus, Baylor University, academic staff; organizational Waco, Texas, USA profile of university; balance Carolyn Jarmon, Assistant Vice between teaching and research. President for Academic Affairs, Empire Universities Project Director State College, New York, USA w Budapest, Hungary: Budapest Jochen Fried and David University of Technology and Roger Martin, President, Randolph- Swinton (Benedict College, Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, Economics USA) converse over lunch. USA April 4–8, 2000 Hans Weismeth, Vice Rector for Team Members Research, Technical University of Thomas Bartlett (Team Leader), Dresden, Germany Former Chancellor, State University of New York, Albany, USA Marty Gecek, Coordinator, Visiting Advisors Program, Salzburg Seminar Emita Hill, Chancellor Emeritus, Indiana University Kokomo, USA Focus: Budgeting and accounting systems and allocation of budget Piotr Ploszajski , Head, Department of resources; revenue; strategic planning Management, Warsaw School of and management; university autonomy Economics, Poland; Former Director and academic freedom; academic credit General, Polish Academy of Sciences systems; use of technology in Clara Yu , C.V. Starr Professor of administration and impact on the Linguistics, and Director, Project 2001, curriculum. Middlebury College, Vermont, USA w Iasi, Romania: Alexandru Ioan Cuza Jochen Fried, Director, Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar University Focus: University administration and October 19–22, 1999 finance including renewal of Team Members infrastructure; academic structure and László Frenyó, Professor of governance; university strategic plan; Immunophysiology, Szent-Istvan tuition fees policy; development of University, Budapest, Hungary; Former information technology resources; President, Higher Education and human resources policy; role of Research Council; Former President, students in institutional affairs. Hungarian Rectors Conference Guy Haug, Former Vice President and w Sofia, Bulgaria: New Bulgarian Director General for Europe, Council on University International Educational Exchange, November 14–18, 1999 Paris, France Team Members Edward Jakubauskas (Team Leader), Hans Brinckmann, Former President, Senior Economist, Center for University of Kassel, Germany International Business and Economic Robin Farquhar, Professor and Studies, University of Colorado at Former President, Carleton University, Denver; President Emeritus, Central Michigan University, USA 34 Ottawa, Canada Marcellette Williams, Deputy development of program of Chancellor, University of international studies; relations between Massachusetts at Amherst, USA university and students/academic Jochen Fried, Director, Universities community/mass media/private firms; Project, Salzburg Seminar administrative organization. Josef Jarab (Team Leader), Former w Osijek, Croatia, J.J. Strossmayer Rector, Palacky University, Olomouc, University of Osijek Czech Republic; Former Rector, January 27–31, 1999 Central European University, Budapest, Hungary Team Members Joseph Short (Team Leader), Focus: Quality assurance and the Chairman of the Board, Association of university’s strategic objective; Independent Colleges and Universities postgraduate studies and scientific in Massachusetts; President Emeritus, research; extra-budgetary financing; Bradford College, Haverill, internal and international co-operation; Massachusetts, USA organization of the university board; curriculum development and student Jochen Fried, Director, Universities needs. Project, Salzburg Seminar Larry Keyes, Director of Information w Brno, Czech Republic: Masaryk Technology, Salzburg Seminar University Focus: Student needs and the role of May 24–28, 1999 students in institutional affairs, Team Members including international student Andris Barblan, Secretary General, exchange; curricular and educational Association of European Universities, responses to changing societal needs Geneva, Switzerland and employment markets for Neil Grabois, President, Colgate graduates; technology in higher University, Hamilton, New York, USA education, including application in Heikki Mäkipää (Helsinki University, Finland) and C. Peter Magrath (Team Leader), education, research, management, Barbara Holland (Indiana President, National Association of administration, and through Internet. University–Purdue State University and Land-Grant w Tallinn, Estonia: Needs Assessment University Indianapolis, Colleges, Washington, DC, USA and Case Study for Democratic Fiscal USA) converse over dinner. Jochen Fried, Director, Universities Decentralization Project Project, Salzburg Seminar in Estonia Focus: International ties and January 18–22, 1999 development of internationally Team Members recognized accreditation; Kari Hyppönen, fundraising/financing project for new Director of medical campus—development of a Administration, private/public partnership; integration of University of Turku, university studies and the credit system. Finland w Wroclaw, Poland: University of Arno Loessner (Team Wroclaw Leader), Senior Policy April 6–10, 1999 Fellow, School of Urban Affairs and Team Members Public Policy, University of Delaware, Edward Jakubauskas, Senior Newark, USA Economist, Center for International Business and Economic Studies, Jeffrey Raffel, Director, School of University of Colorado at Denver; Urban Affairs and Public Policy, President Emeritus, Central Michigan University of Delaware, Newark, USA University, USA Focus: Conduct a needs assessment Jan Sadlak (Team Leader), Director, for a university outreach program to UNESCO-CEPES, Bucharest, Romania contribute to the democratization of Estonia. University outreach includes Jochen Fried, Director, Universities activities that extend programs of Project, Salzburg Seminar university teaching and research in Focus: University administration and ways that educate and inform society finance, including allocation of budget more broadly, such as training of local resources and revenue planning; the government practitioners, holding university’s strategic plan, including public policy workshops, and curriculum development and conducting applied research. 35 w Warsaw, Poland: Warsaw School of Anna Glass, Program Assistant, Economics Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar January 4–8, 1999 Focus yet to be developed. Team Members w Far Eastern State University, Charles Bantz, Vice Provost, Arizona Vladivostok State University, Tempe, USA September 9–15, 2001 William Dorrill (Team Leader), Team Members President Emeritus, Longwood Andris Barblan (Team Leader), College, Farmville, Virginia, USA Secretary General, Association of Sandra Petronio, Director of Program European Universities, Geneva, in Communications, Arizona State Switzerland University, Tempe, USA “The project so far Hans Brinckmann, Former President, Focus: Maintenance of competitive University of Kassel, Germany has done excellent edge in the 21st century; utilization of work in terms of academic staff; improvement of Mark Huddelston, Associate Provost, student satisfaction; expansion and University of Delaware, USA assisting our utilization of internal assessment; Istvan Teplán, Executive Vice creation of data for use in generating President, Central European University, Russian colleagues and allocating financial resources. Budapest, Hungary not only to rethink Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, w Minsk, Belarus: International Institute Russian Program, Universities Project, some fundamental of Labour and Social Sciences Salzburg Seminar issues in their higher December 14–18, 1998 Focus yet to be developed. Team Members education system, but Larry Leslie (Team Leader), Vice w Yakutsk State University has also contributed Dean for Academic Affairs, University August 10–17, 2001 of Arizona, Tucson, USA Team Members very helpfully in Helmut Schramke, Project Manager, Jaak Aaviksoo, Rector, Tartu terms of actual Reorganization Center, University of University, Estonia Vienna, Austria Anthony Morgan, Department of operational reform on Sheila Slaughter, Professor, Center Educational Leadership and Policy, the ground. …the for the Study of Higher Education, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA University of Arizona, Tucson, USA K. George Pedersen (Team Leader), meetings have Elizabeth Bibby, Program Assistant, Chancellor, University of Northern reinforced the unique Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar British Columbia, Prince George, Focus: Administration and finance; Canada properties of the academic structure; student needs and Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, Seminar in bringing the changing role of students in Russian Program, Universities Project, together people from institutional affairs; use of information Salzburg Seminar technology in university curricula and Focus yet to be developed. various cultures and in administration. w Bashkir State University, Ufa systems to explore RUSSIAN FEDERATION June 18–23, 2001 common issues.” Team Members w Ural State Technical University, Olga Bain, State University of New John Davies Ekaterinburg York at Buffalo Anglia Polytechnic September 30–October 5, 2001 Guy Haug, Principal Advisor, University, UK Team Members European Association of Universities, László Frenyó, Professor of Geneva/Brussels/Paris Immunophysiology, Szent-Istvan Barbara Hill, Senior Fellow, Center University, Budapest, Hungary; Former for Leadership Development, American President, Higher Education and Council on Education, Washington, Research Council; Former President, DC, USA Hungarian Rectors Conference Bruce Johnstone (Team Leader), C. Peter Magrath (Team Leader), Professor of Higher and Comparative President, National Association of Education, State University of New State University and Land-Grant York at Buffalo, USA Colleges, Washington, DC, USA Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, Jairam Reddy, Former Vice Russian Program, Universities Project, Chancellor, University of Durban- Salzburg Seminar 36 Westville, South Africa Focus: Fundraising strategies; use of Focus: University autonomy and information technology in higher academic freedom; central authority of education; university administration the rector; development of governing and finance; academic structure and boards; role of the university in the governance. emerging civil society; role of students in institutional affairs. w Buryat State University June 10–17, 2001 w Novosibirsk State University Team Members September 11–16, 2000 John Davies (Team Leader), Dean of Team Members the Graduate School, Anglia Jairam Reddy (Team Leader), Former Polytechnic University, Essex, UK Vice Chancellor, University of Robin Farquhar, Professor and Durban-Westville, South Africa Former President, Carleton University, Lothar Zechlin, Rector, Karl- Ottawa, Canada Franzens-University Graz, Austria Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, Ossi Lindqvist, Director and Former Sergey Shilov and Gennady Russian Program, Universities Project, Rector, Institute of Applied Biotech- Bordovsky (Herzen State Salzburg Seminar nology, University of Kuopio, Finland Pedagogical University, Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, Focus: Revenue planning and allocation Russian Federation) visit in Russian Program, Universities Project, of budget resources; development of the Schloss garden. Salzburg Seminar governing and advisory boards; role of Focus: University administration and the marketplace in teaching and finance; resource diversification; research priorities; tuition fees and academic structure and governance; related issues; student evaluations of role of students in institutional affairs. faculty members. w Moscow Institute of Physics and w Tomsk State University Technology July 9–14, 2000 November 26–December 1, 2000 Team Members Team Members Paul Brinkman, Associate Vice “The Visiting Andris Barblan, Secretary General, President for Budget and Planning, Association of European Universities, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Advisors Program Geneva, Switzerland USA is unique; there John Burkhardt, Director, Kellogg Roman Duda, Former Rector, Forum, University of Michigan, Ann University of Wroclaw, Poland is nothing Arbor, Michigan, USA Robin Farquhar (Team Leader), comparable. Graham Spanier (Team Leader), Professor and Former President, President, Pennsylvania State Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada I am a true University, State College, USA Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, supporter of the Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, Russian Program, Universities Project, Russian Program, Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar [Program], Salzburg Seminar Focus: University managerial systems; because there is Focus: Vision, mission and role of development of governing and advisory MIPT; resource development boards; sharing of authority in still a great need strategies, organizational opportunities university governance; financial and in our higher for strenthening institutional outcomes. budgetary affairs; correlation of financial managerial systems. education for the w Perm State University October 2–7, 2000 w Novgorod State University Visiting Advisors Team Members May 19–25, 2000 Program.” Hans Brinckmann, Former President, Team Members University of Kassel, Germany Roman Duda, Former Rector, Vasiliy Zhurakovsky University of Wroclaw, Poland Ministry of General and Roger Perry (Team Leader), Professional Education, President, Champlain College, C. Peter Magrath (Team Leader), Russian Federation Burlington, Vermont, USA President, National Association of State University and Land-Grant Istvan Teplán, Executive Vice Colleges, Washington, DC, USA President, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary Janice Ryan, Former President, Trinity College, Burlington, Vermont, Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, USA Russian Program, Universities Project, Salzburg Seminar 37 David Warren, President, National w Kazan State University Association of Independent Colleges June 6–12, 1999 and Universities, Washington, DC, Team Members USA Paul Brinkman, Associate Vice Helene Kamensky, Coordinator, President for Budget and Planning, Russian Program, Universities Project, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Salzburg Seminar USA Focus: Organization of university Marlene Johnson, Executive Director administration; financial and budget & CEO, NAFSA: Association of planning; fundraising strategies; use of International Educators, Washington, informational technology in higher DC, USA education. Anthony Morgan (Team Leader), w Novosibirsk State Technical University Department of Educational Leadership October 24–30, 1999 and Policy, University of Utah, Salt “The [Visiting Lake City, USA Team Members Advisors Project] Jaak Aaviksoo (Team Leader), Karel Tavernier, General Rector, Tartu University, Estonia Administrator, Catholic University of report has been Leuven, Belgium Harry Brinkman, Senior Advisor, recognized as the Center for Higher Education Policy Colin Guard, Program Assistant, Studies, University of Twente, Universities Project Russian Program, best among many Enschede, Netherlands Salzburg Seminar others, and will be Joseph Short, Chairman of the Board, Focus: Leadership and management in all aspects of the university; planning, published and sent Association of Independent Colleges and Universities in Massachusetts; both strategic and short-term; to all Russian President Emeritus, Bradford College, personnel policies; budgeting and Haverill, Massachusetts, USA accounting systems; the university’s institutions of higher role in local and regional affairs; the Colin Guard, Program Assistant, management of entrepreneurial units. education as a Universities Project Russian Program, model for annual Salzburg Seminar w Petrozavodsk State University Focus: Leadership and management; April 14–22, 1999 reports on strategic planning; developing sources Team Members educational quality.” of funding; the market’s effect on new Ronald Bleed, Vice Chancellor for curricula and research priorities; New Information Technologies, Anatoly Vostrikov developing a credit system allowing Maricopa Community Colleges, Novosibirsk State Technical student mobility; information Tempe, Arizona, USA University, Russian Federation technology and the curriculum; the Robin Farquhar, Professor and university’s role in local and regional Former President, Carleton University, affairs. Ottawa, Canada w Ural State University, Ekaterinburg Robert McSpadden, President, Gulf June 13–18, 1999 Coast Community College, Panama Team Members City, Florida, USA John Davies (Team Leader), Dean of John Ryan, (Team Leaders) the Graduate School, Anglia Chancellor, State University of New Polytechnic University, Essex, UK York, Albany, USA K. George Pedersen, Chancellor, Colin Guard, Program Assistant, University of Northern British Universities Project Russian Program, Columbia, Prince George, Canada Salzburg Seminar Colin Guard, Program Assistant, Focus: Strategy for planning to acquire Universities Project Russian Program, funds from new sources and managing Salzburg Seminar them; the role of the market in setting Focus: The University’s strategic plan; curricula, teaching, and research the present financial situation; the priorities; the credit system and student university’s role in local and regional evaluation; tuition fees; the affairs; the university’s new University’s role in local and regional relationships with neighboring HEIs; affairs and in international the budgetary process and developing organizations and consortia. new sources of income; information technologies in the educational process; the university’s changed role 38 in relating to students. OFFICERS Daniel R. Fung, Senior Counsel, Hong Kong Bar; Hong Kong Roy M. Huffington, Chairman SALZBURG Chairman, Roy M. Huffington, Inc.; and Former Anne V. Ginevan, Former Vermont State Ambassador of the United States to Austria; Representative; Middlebury, Vermont Houston, Texas SEMINAR David W. Ginevan, Executive Vice President of Michael Palliser, Vice Chairman Facilities Planning, Middlebury College; Vice Chairman (retired), Samuel Montagu & Middlebury, Vermont BOARD OF Co., Ltd.; London Nancy Gleason, Senior Social Worker, Stone Herbert P. Gleason, Secretary Center Counseling Service, Wellesley College; Counsel, Choate, Hall & Stewart; Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts DIRECTORS Massachusetts Wilhelmine Goldmann, Director of Dennis O’Brien, Treasurer Privatization, Österreichische Industrieholding 2001 President Emeritus, University of Rochester; AG; Vienna Middlebury, Vermont Toyoo Gyohten, President, Institute for Olin Robison, President International Monetary Affairs; and Senior President Emeritus, Middlebury College; Advisor, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd; Middlebury, Vermont Tokyo

LIFE MEMBERS Heather Sturt Haaga, Artist; and Former President, Marketing Management, Inc.; La Lloyd N. Cutler, Chairman of the Board, Canada, California Salzburg Seminar, 1984–1994; and Senior Counsel, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering; Paul G. Haaga, Jr., Executive Vice President Washington, DC and Director, Capital Research and Management Company; La Canada, California Herbert P. Gleason, Counsel, Choate, Hall & Stewart; Boston, Massachusetts Clemens Heller, Co-Founder, Salzburg Seminar; and Former Director, Maison des Sciences de L’Homme; Lausanne Antonie T. Knoppers, Chairman of the Board, Salzburg Seminar, 1975–1984; New York, New York

DIRECTORS Thomas D. Barr, Cravath, Swaine & Moore; Paradise Valley, Arizona Ernest A. Bates, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, American Shared Hospital Services; San Francisco, California Erik Belfrage, Senior Vice President, INVESTOR AB; Stockholm John W. Cook, President, The Henry Luce Foundation, Inc.; New York, New York The Salzburg Seminar W. Peter Cooke, Advisor, World Regulatory Kathryn Hall (ex-officio), Ambassador of the library in Schloss Advisory Practice, Pricewater-houseCoopers, United States to Austria; Vienna Leopoldskron. LLP; London James Oliver Horton, Benjamin Banneker Patricia Derian, Former Assistant Secretary of Professor of American Studies and History, State for Human Rights; Miami, Florida Department of American Studies, George Washington University; Washington, DC Alice Emerson, Senior Advisor, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Arlington, Massachusetts Shirley M. Hufstedler, Senior of Counsel, Morrison & Foerster; and Former United States John C. Fontaine, Partner, Hughes Hubbard & Secretary of Education; Los Angeles, California Reed LLP; New York, New York Raoul F. Kneucker, Director General, Scientific Bathsheba A. Freedman, Counselor; Author; Research and International Affairs, Austrian Cambridge, Massachusetts Federal Ministry of Education, Science and James O. Freedman, President, American Culture; Vienna Academy of Arts and Sciences; and President Lee Hong-koo, Former Ambassador of the Emeritus, Dartmouth College; Cambridge, Republic of Korea to the United States; and Massachusetts Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea; Seoul 39 Klaus Liebscher, Governor, Österreichische Isabel Carter Stewart, Executive Director, The Nationalbank; Vienna Chicago Foundation for Women; Chicago, Otto C. C. Lin, Vice President for Research and Illinois Development, Hong Kong University of Science Donald M. Stewart, President and Chief and Technology; Kowloon, Hong Kong Executive Officer, The Chicago Community Trust; Chicago, Illinois Shirley A. Massey, First Lady, Morehouse College; Atlanta, Georgia Randal C. Teague, Partner, Vorys, Sater, Walter E. Massey, President, Morehouse Seymour and Pease LLP; Washington, DC College; Atlanta, Georgia Jan Urban, Former Publisher, Transitions Magazine, Institute for Journalism in Transition; Khotso Mokhele, President and Chief Executive Prague Officer, National Research Foundation; Pretoria Peter Moser (ex officio), Melvyn I. Weiss, Senior Partner, Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach, LLP; New York, New Ambassador of Austria to York the United States; Washington, DC Marina v.N. Whitman, Professor of Business Guna S. Mundheim, Administration and Public Policy, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, Michigan Assistant Dean, College of Arts and Sciences, Robert Whitman‚ Professor Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania; Department of English, University of Pittsburgh; New York, New York Ann Arbor, Michigan Robert H. Mundheim, Of Vitaly Zhurkin, Director, Institute of Europe, Counsel, Shearman & Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Sterling; New York, New York Raymond D. Nasher, President, Raymond D. Nasher Company; Dallas, Texas Eva Nowotny, Director General for European Integration and Economic Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Vienna Bernard Ostry, Owner, ImagiNations Unlimited, Inc.; Toronto Special Thanks to Sylvia Ostry, RAYMOND E. BENSON Distinguished Research DIRECTOR OF THE Fellow, Centre for International Studies, UNIVERSITIES PROJECT The Marble Hall, the main University of Toronto; Toronto FROM 1996 TO 1999 dining area, in Schloss Leopoldskron. Hisashi Owada, President and Director, Japan he Universities Project and the Institute of International Affairs; Tokyo Salzburg Seminar honor Ray Eng Fong Pang, Ambassador of the Republic of T Singapore to the Court of St. James’s; London Benson for his leadership of and commitment to the Universities Usha Prashar, First Civil Service Commissioner; and Member, House of Lords; Project. Ray served as director of the London Project since its inception in late Irmtraud Richardson, Commentator and 1996 until July 1999. The success of Feature Writer, German Public Radio; the Project is due in no small part to Washington, DC Ray’s vision, experience, dedication John B. Richardson, Deputy Head of and humanity. All of us associated Delegation, Delegation of the European with the Universities Project and the Commission in Washington, European Union; Washington, DC Salzburg Seminar wish Ray well in his retirement, and look forward to Vijay Sharma, Principal of Vijay Sharma Solicitors; London seeing him again in Salzburg at the November 2001 symposium. 40