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Report, Part-I, Vol-XII, Burma
CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901. VOLUME XII. BURMA. PART I. REPORT. BY C. C. LOWIS, OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE, SUPERINTENDENT, CENSUS OPERATIONS. RANGOON: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 19 02 • PREFACE. I FIND it impossible to place adequatelY on record my acknow ledgments to those who have laboured with me in the preparation of this Report. To review the proofs as a connected whole is to realize, to an overwhelming degree, how much I am beholden to others and to take the measure of my indebtedness is to be seized with an uneasy sense of the hopelessness of attempting to compound, even. to the scC!-n tiest extent, with all of my many creditors. I must leave it to the pages of the Report itself to bear grateful testimony to my obli gations. A glance at the language chapter will tell how shadowy a production it would have been wIthout the benefit 9f Dr. Grierson's erudition. Every paragraph of the caste, tribe and race chapter will show with how lavish .a hand I have drawn upon Sir George Scott for my material. I would, however, take this opportunity of specially thanking Dr. Cushing and Mr. Taw Sein Kho, who have responded more than generously to my appeals for assistance and advice. '1 he greater part of the Report has been shown to Mr. Eales, and it is to his ripe experience that I am indebted for hints which have led me to alter portions. To Mr. Regan, Superintendent of Government Printing, my thanks are due for having, in the face of sudden and quite excep tional difficulties, succeeded in passing this volume through the Press without undue delay. -
Report, Part I, Vol-XII , Burma
CENSUS OF INDIA, 190 1. VOLUME XII. BURMA. PART I. REPORT. BY c. C. LOWIS, OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE, SUPERINTENDENT, CENSUS OPERATIONS. RANGOON: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 1902. ~'t-icc" @b. 3-6-0 = 5". PREFACE. I FIND it impossible to place adequately on record my acknow edgments to those who have laboured with me in the preparation of this Report. To review the proofs. as a connected whole is to realize, to an overwhelming degree, how much I am beholden to others and to take the measure of my indebtedness is to be seized with an uneasy sense of the hopelessness of attempting to compound, even to the Scan tiest extent, with all of my many creditors. I must leave it to the pages of the Report itself to bear grateful testimony to my obli gations. A glance at the language chapter will tell how shadowy a production it would have been without the benefit of Dr. Grierson's erudition. Every paragraph of the caste, tribe and race chapter will show with how lavish a hand I have drawn upon Sir George Scott for my material. I would, however, take .this opportunity of specially thanking Dr. Cushing and Mr. Taw Sein Kho, who have responded more than generously to my appeals for assistance and advice. The great.er part of the Report has been shown to Mr. Eales, and it is to his ripe experience that I am indebted for hints which have led me to alter portions. To Mr. Regan, Superintendent of Government Printing, my thanks are due for having, in the face of sudden and quite excep tional difficulties, succeed'ed in passing this volume through the Press without undue delay. -
Languages of Myanmar
Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 1 of 20 Languages of Myanmar [See also SIL publications on the languages of Myanmar.] Union of Myanmar, Pyeidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw. Formerly Burma. 42,720,196. Speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages: 28,877,000 or 78% of the population, Daic languages 2,778,900 or 9.6%, Austro- Asiatic languages 1,934,900 or 6.7%, Hmong-Mien languages 6,000 (1991 J. Matisoff). National or official language: Burmese. Literacy rate: 66% to 78%; 78.5% over 15 years old (1991). Also includes Eastern Tamang, Geman Deng, Iu Mien, Malay (21,000), Sylheti, Chinese (1,015,000), people from Bangladesh and India (500,000). Information mainly from F. Lebar, G. Hickey, J. Musgrave 1964; A. Hale 1982; B. Comrie 1987; R. B. Jones 1988; J. Matisoff et al. 1996; D. Bradley 1997; R. Burling ms. (1998). Blind population: 214,440. Deaf population: 2,684,514. Deaf institutions: 1. The number of languages listed for Myanmar is 109. Of those, 108 are living languages and 1 is extinct. Living languages Achang [acn] 1,700 in Myanmar (1983). West of the Irrawaddy River in Katha District, near Banmauk, scattered among the Lashi. Along the China border. Alternate names: Anchan, Chung, Atsang, Acang, Ngac'ang, Ngachang, Ngochang, Mönghsa, Tai Sa'. Dialects: Maingtha. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Northern More information. Akha [ahk] 200,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population total all countries: 449,261. Eastern part of Kengtung Shan State. Also spoken in China, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam. Alternate names: Kaw, Ekaw, Ko, Aka, Ikaw, Ak'a, Ahka, Khako, Kha Ko, Khao Kha Ko, Ikor, Aini, Yani. -
Myanmar Languages | Ethnologue
7/24/2016 Myanmar Languages | Ethnologue Myanmar LANGUAGES Akeu [aeu] Shan State, Kengtung and Mongla townships. 1,000 in Myanmar (2004 E. Johnson). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akheu, Aki, Akui. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. Comments: Non-indigenous. More Information Akha [ahk] Shan State, east Kengtung district. 200,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007a). Total users in all countries: 563,960. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Ahka, Aini, Aka, Ak’a, Ekaw, Ikaw, Ikor, Kaw, Kha Ko, Khako, Khao Kha Ko, Ko, Yani. Dialects: Much dialectal variation; some do not understand each other. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. More Information Anal [anm] Sagaing: Tamu town, 10 households. 50 in Myanmar (2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Namfau. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Sal, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern. Comments: Non- indigenous. Christian. More Information Anong [nun] Northern Kachin State, mainly Kawnglangphu township. 400 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley), decreasing. Ethnic population: 10,000 (Bradley 2007b). Total users in all countries: 450. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Anoong, Anu, Anung, Fuchve, Fuch’ye, Khingpang, Kwingsang, Kwinp’ang, Naw, Nawpha, Nu. Dialects: Slightly di㨽erent dialects of Anong spoken in China and Myanmar, although no reported diഡculty communicating with each other. Low inherent intelligibility with the Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Lexical similarity: 87%–89% with Anong in Myanmar and Anong in China, 73%–76% with T’rung [duu], 77%–83% with Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Central Tibeto-Burman, Nungish. Comments: Di㨽erent from Nung (Tai family) of Viet Nam, Laos, and China, and from Chinese Nung (Cantonese) of Viet Nam. -
Gazetteer of Upper Burma. and the Shan States. in Five Volumes. Compiled from Official Papers by J. George Scott, Barrister-At-L
GAZETTEER OF UPPER BURMA. AND THE SHAN STATES. IN FIVE VOLUMES. COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL PAPERS BY J. GEORGE SCOTT, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, C.I.E,M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., ASSISTED BY J. P. HARDIMAN, I.C.S. PART II.--VOL. I. RANGOON: PRINTRD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 1901. [PART II, VOLS. I, II & III,--PRICE: Rs. 12-0-0=18s.] CONTENTS. VOLUME I Page. Page. Page. A-eng 1 A-lôn-gyi 8 Auk-kyin 29 Ah Hmun 2 A-Ma ib ib. A-hlè-ywa ib. Amarapura ib. Auk-myin ib. Ai-bur ib. 23 Auk-o-a-nauk 30 Ai-fang ib. Amarapura Myoma 24 Auk-o-a-she ib. Ai-ka ib. A-meik ib. Auk-sa-tha ib. Aik-gyi ib. A-mi-hkaw ib. Auk-seik ib. Ai-la ib. A-myauk-bôn-o ib. Auk-taung ib. Aing-daing ib. A-myin ib. Auk-ye-dwin ib. Aing-daung ib. Anauk-dônma 25 Auk-yo ib. Aing-gaing 3 A-nauk-gôn ib. Aung ib. Aing-gyi ib. A-nsuk-ka-byu ib. Aung-ban-chaung ib. -- ib. A-nauk-kaing ib. Aung-bin-le ib. Aing-ma ib. A-nauk-kyat-o ib. Aung-bôn ib. -- ib. A-nauk-let-tha-ma ib. Aung-ga-lein-kan ib. -- ib. A-nauk-pet ib. Aung-kè-zin ib. -- ib. A-nauk-su ib. Aung-tha 31 -- ib ib ib. Aing-she ib. A-nauk-taw ib ib. Aing-tha ib ib ib. Aing-ya ib. A-nauk-yat ib. -
Towards Universal Education in Myanmar's Ethnic Areas
Strength in Diversity: Towards Universal Education in Myanmar’s Ethnic Areas Kim Jolliffe and Emily Speers Mears October 2016 1 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all of the ethnic basic education providers that have worked for many years to serve their communities. In particular, the Karen Education Department, Karen Teacher Working Group, Mon National Education Committee and Department, and the Rural Development Foundation of Shan State and associates, all gave their time, resources, advice and consideration to make this report possible. Additionally, World Education, Myanmar Education Consortium, UNICEF, Child’s Dream, Save the Children, and all at the Education Thematic Working Group have been instrumental in the development of this work, providing information on their programs, making introductions, discussing their own strengths and challenges, providing feedback on initial findings, and helping to paint a deeper picture of what international support to ethnic basic education looks like. In particular, big thank yous to Dr. Win Aung, Aye Aye Tun, Dr. Thein Lwin (formerly worked for the Ministry of Education), Craig Nightingale, Amanda Seel, Catherine Daly, and Andrea Costa for reviewing early drafts of the paper and providing invaluable feedback, which has helped the report grow and develop considerably. About the Authors Having worked in Southeast Asia for over eight years, Kim Jolliffe is an independent researcher, writer, analyst and trainer, specializing in security, aid policy, and ethnic politics in Myanmar/Burma. He is the lead researcher on the Social Services in Contested Areas (SSCA) research project. Emily Speers Mears is a researcher and policy adviser specializing in education and conflict in fragile states. -
Institution of Kachin Du-Waship (1852-1930)
INSTITUTION OF KACHIN DU-WASHIP (1852-1930) PhD DISSERTATION KAW NAN DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MANDALAY MYANMAR NOVEMBER 2013 INSTITUTION OF KACHIN DU-WASHIP (1852-1930) University of Mandalay INSTITUTION OF KACHIN DU-WASHIP (1852-1930) A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Mandalay In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History Department of History Kaw Nan 4 PhD- Hist-5 Mandalay, Myanmar November 2013 Abstract The objective of writing this dissertation is to present the fact that before and during the British occupation, old administrative system of Kachin Du-waship gradually waned away under the colonial administration and new set up of administrative system took place. Organizational formation of Kachin administrative pattern, different nature of judicial administration, different classification between criminal cases and civil suits are also discussed. The laws, regulations, rulings and judgments of some important orders were issued by senior Kachin elders. Before colonial administration was well set up, there appeared three Kachin administrative systems: Gumchying Gumtsa, Gumsa and Gumlau . Pros and cons of this local ruling system was the most complicated in nature. During the Colonial Period, Kachin administrative pattern was dominated by the customary law. This dissertation also examines the continuities and changes of legal administration, status of ruling class and society. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract iv List of Appendices vi List of Maps vii List of Photographs viii List of Tables ix List of Abbreviations x Glossary xv Introduction xviii Chapters 1. Kachin before the British Rule (1852-1885) 1 2. Kachin under the British Rule (1885-1930) 46 3. -
Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14: Tibeto-Bvrman Languages of the Himalayas
PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series A-86 PAPERS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS NO. 14: TIBETO-BVRMAN LANGUAGES OF THE HIMALAYAS edited by David Bradley Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bradley, D. editor. Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14:. A-86, vi + 232 (incl. 4 maps) pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1997. DOI:10.15144/PL-A86.cover ©1997 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics specialises in publishing linguistic material relating to languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Linguistic and anthropological manuscripts related to other areas, and to general theoretical issues, are also considered on a case by case basis. Manuscripts are published in one of four series: SERIES A: Occasional Papers SERIES C: Books SERIES B: Monographs SERIES D: Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: S.A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: M.D. Ross and D.T. Tryon (Managing Editors), T.E. Dutton, N.P. Himmelmann, A.K. Pawley EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender KA. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University University of Hawaii Michael G. Clyne P. Miihlhausler Monash University Universityof Adelaide S.H. Elbert G.N. O'Grady University of Hawaii University of Victoria, B.C. K.J. Franklin KL. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W.Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W.Grace Gillian Sankoff University of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K. -
Where the Change Has Yet to Reach Exposing Ongoing Earth Rights Abuses in Burma (Myanmar)
Where the Change Has Yet to Reach Exposing Ongoing Earth Rights Abuses in Burma (Myanmar) Voices from the EarthRights School Burma 2010-11 Each year, students of the EarthRights School Burma venture into the field and collect stories and information about human rights and environmental issues in their home communities. Their fieldwork provides practice in skills such as interviewing, map making, report writing and research planning, but it also raises the voices of local people in Burma so that they may be heard globally. These are voices which speak of land confiscation, the perils of dams and mines, the impacts of armed conflict and other earthrights abuses which might otherwise remain invisible. These are true stories. Find out more about the Burma School and EarthRights International at www.earthrights.org. Where the Change Has Yet to Reach Exposing Ongoing Earth Rights Abuses in Burma A collection of reports by students of the EarthRights School Burma Where the Change Has Yet to Reach Copyright © 2012 EarthRights International www.earthrights.org US Office Southeast Asia Office 1612 K St. NW P.O. Box 123 Suite 401 Chiang Mai University Washington, DC Chiang Mai 50202 20006 Thailand tel: +1 202 466 5188 tel: +66 81 531 1256 [email protected] [email protected] Printed in Thailand Cover photos courtesy of EarthRights School Burma alumni Project Sites 4 WHERE THE CHANGE HAS YET TO REACH Table of Contents Education & Child Rights 10 The Defenselessness of Street Children in the Townships of Yangon by Lay New 26 The Social -
Detailed Poverty and Social Impact Analysis
Resilient Community Development Project (RRP MYA 51242-002) Detailed Poverty and Social Impact Analysis October 2019 MYA: Resilient Community Development Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 1 July 2019) Currency unit – Myanmar Kyat (MK) MK1.00 = $0.000656 $1.00 = MK1,520.00 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ART - Antiretroviral therapy CBD - community-based development CF - community facilitators DBA - Department of Border Affairs DHS - Demographic Health Survey DRD - Department of Rural Development ERLIP - Enhancing Rural Livelihoods and Incomes Project CEDAW - Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women GESIAP - Gender Equity and Social Inclusion Action Plan HHM - Household Methodologies HIV/AID - Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome IHLCA - Integrated Household Living Conditions Assessment KAP - Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices LIFT - Livelihood and Food Security Trust Fund MICS - Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MOHS - Ministry of Health and Sport MOPF - Ministry of Planning and Finance MPLCS - Myanmar Poverty and Living Conditions Survey NCD - non-communicable diseases NGO - Nongovernmental organization NHP - National Health Plan NTPF - on-timber forest products NSAZ - Naga Self-Administrative Zone ORT - oral rehydration therapy PMTCT - prevention of mother to child transmission RCDP - Regional Community Development Project SDG - Sustainable Development Goal SP - subproject TB - tuberculosis TF - technical facilitators TRTA - transaction technical assistance TVET - technical and vocational education and training UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNICEF - United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund VDP - Village Development Plan VDSC - Village Development Support Committee NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars. CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I A. BACKGROUND 2 1. Methods of Poverty Assessment in Myanmar 2 2. -
This Thesis Has Not Been Digitised by the British Library. for Any
This thesis has not been digitised by the British Library. For any enquiries regarding the digitisation of this thesis contact the awarding institution directly. THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL NAMING A PEOPLE: BRITISH FRONTIER MANAGEMENT IN EASTERN BENGAL AND THE ETHNIC CATEGORIES OF THE KUKI-CHIN: 1760-1860 being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Hull by SOONG CHUL RO, MA.(Hull) MAY 2007 CONTENTS Page LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS ...................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................... vi PREFACE ................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... viii ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... ix GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 1. The Ethnic Categories of the Kuki-Chin People ......................................... 1 2. The History of the Kuki-Chin People in the Nineteenth Century ............ 19 3. Scope and Structure of the Thesis ............................................................. 31 CHAPTER 2 THE BEGINNING OF THE BRITISH -
Examining the Empowerment of Woman Activists in the Women's
The Power To ‘Shake The Ground’: Examining the Empowerment of Woman Activists in the Women’s Movement at the Burma-Thailand Border by Meaghan Anderson A Thesis Presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Sociology and International Development Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Meaghan Anderson, October, 2014 ABSTRACT THE POWER TO ‘SHAKE THE GROUND’: Examining the Empowerment of Woman Activists in the Women’s Movement at the Burma-Thailand Border Meaghan Anderson Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Professor Lisa Kowalchuk This thesis explores the capacity of woman activists at the Burma-Thailand border to influence the sources of their gendered marginalization. These woman activists are part of an expanding women’s movement comprised of political exiles, documented refugees, undocumented refugees and migrant workers from Burma, living in exile communities along the Burma-Thailand border. Feminist researchers have pointed to the gendered marginalization women experience in regions of conflict and displacement, arguing that conflict affects women differently than men. Further, researchers in peace-building and refugee studies have highlighted the important role exile communities play in addressing the roots of their displacement, fostering stability in their communities, and promoting positive social change in their exile communities and country of origin. I conducted individual interviews, focus groups, and participation observation with woman activists working for women’s organizations in Mae Sot and Chiang Mai, Thailand, to explore the constraints and opportunities for activism that they experience in their daily lives. My research indicates that the experience of ‘social flux’ that characterizes exile communities facilitates expanded opportunities for women to be involved in activism.