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Journal 16Th Issue
Journal of Indian History and Culture JOURNAL OF INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE September 2009 Sixteenth Issue C.P. RAMASWAMI AIYAR INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGICAL RESEARCH (affiliated to the University of Madras) The C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation 1 Eldams Road, Chennai 600 018, INDIA September 2009, Sixteenth Issue 1 Journal of Indian History and Culture Editor : Dr.G.J. Sudhakar Board of Editors Dr. K.V.Raman Dr. Nanditha Krishna Referees Dr. A. Chandrsekharan Dr. V. Balambal Dr. S. Vasanthi Dr. Chitra Madhavan Published by Dr. Nanditha Krishna C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar Institute of Indological Research The C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation 1 Eldams Road Chennai 600 018 Tel : 2434 1778 / 2435 9366 Fax : 91-44-24351022 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.cprfoundation.org ISSN : 0975 - 7805 Layout Design : R. Sathyanarayanan & P. Dhanalakshmi Sub editing by : Mr. Narayan Onkar Subscription Rs. 150/- (for 2 issues) Rs. 290/- (for 4 issues) 2 September 2009, Sixteenth Issue Journal of Indian History and Culture CONTENTS Prehistoric and Proto historic Strata of the Lower Tungabhadra Region of Andhra Pradesh and Adjoining Areas by Dr. P.C. Venkatasubbiah 07 River Narmada and Valmiki Ramayana by Sukanya Agashe 44 Narasimha in Pallava Art by G. Balaji 52 Trade between Early Historic Tamilnadu and China by Dr. Vikas Kumar Verma 62 Some Unique Anthropomorphic Images Found in the Temples of South India - A Study by R. Ezhilraman 85 Keelakarai Commercial Contacts by Dr. A.H. Mohideen Badshah 101 Neo trends of the Jaina Votaries during the Gangas of Talakad - with a special reference to Military General Chamundararaya by Dr. -
1 Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title South Indian kingdoms : pallavas and chalukyas Module Id I C/ OIH/ 15 Political developments in South India after Pre-requisites Satavavahana and Sangam age To study the Political and Cultural history of South Objectives India under Pallava and Chalukyan periods Keywords Pallava / Kanchi / Chalukya / Badami E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Introduction The period from C.300 CE to 750 CE marks the second historical phase in the regions south of the Vindhyas. In the first phase we notice the ascendency of the Satavahanas over the Deccan and that of the Sangam Age Kingdoms in Southern Tamilnadu. In these areas and also in Vidarbha from 3rd Century to 6th Century CE there arose about two dozen states which are known to us from their land charters. In Northern Maharashtra and Vidarbha (Berar) the Satavahanas were succeeded by the Vakatakas. Their political history is of more importance to the North India than the South India. But culturally the Vakataka kingdom became a channel for transmitting Brahmanical ideas and social institutions to the South. The Vakataka power was followed by that of the Chalukyas of Badami who played an important role in the history of the Deccan and South India for about two centuries until 753 CE when they were overthrown by their feudatories, the Rashtrakutas. The eastern part of the Satavahana Kingdom, the Deltas of the Krishna and the Godavari had been conquered by the Ikshvaku dynasty in the 3rd Century CE. -
I Year Dkh11 : History of Tamilnadu Upto 1967 A.D
M.A. HISTORY - I YEAR DKH11 : HISTORY OF TAMILNADU UPTO 1967 A.D. SYLLABUS Unit - I Introduction : Influence of Geography and Topography on the History of Tamil Nadu - Sources of Tamil Nadu History - Races and Tribes - Pre-history of Tamil Nadu. SangamPeriod : Chronology of the Sangam - Early Pandyas – Administration, Economy, Trade and Commerce - Society - Religion - Art and Architecture. Unit - II The Kalabhras - The Early Pallavas, Origin - First Pandyan Empire - Later PallavasMahendravarma and Narasimhavarman, Pallava’s Administration, Society, Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture. The CholaEmpire : The Imperial Cholas and the Chalukya Cholas, Administration, Society, Education and Literature. Second PandyanEmpire : Political History, Administration, Social Life, Art and Architecture. Unit - III Madurai Sultanate - Tamil Nadu under Vijayanagar Ruler : Administration and Society, Economy, Trade and Commerce, Religion, Art and Architecture - Battle of Talikota 1565 - Kumarakampana’s expedition to Tamil Nadu. Nayakas of Madurai - ViswanathaNayak, MuthuVirappaNayak, TirumalaNayak, Mangammal, Meenakshi. Nayakas of Tanjore :SevappaNayak, RaghunathaNayak, VijayaRaghavaNayak. Nayak of Jingi : VaiyappaTubakiKrishnappa, Krishnappa I, Krishnappa II, Nayak Administration, Life of the people - Culture, Art and Architecture. The Setupatis of Ramanathapuram - Marathas of Tanjore - Ekoji, Serfoji, Tukoji, Serfoji II, Sivaji III - The Europeans in Tamil Nadu. Unit - IV Tamil Nadu under the Nawabs of Arcot - The Carnatic Wars, Administration under the Nawabs - The Mysoreans in Tamil Nadu - The Poligari System - The South Indian Rebellion - The Vellore Mutini- The Land Revenue Administration and Famine Policy - Education under the Company - Growth of Language and Literature in 19th and 20th centuries - Organization of Judiciary - Self Respect Movement. Unit - V Tamil Nadu in Freedom Struggle - Tamil Nadu under Rajaji and Kamaraj - Growth of Education - Anti Hindi & Agitation. -
7Th Std Social 1St Term Book Back Questions with Answers in English
7th Social 1st Term Book Back Questions With Answers in English More Book Back Questions Check here - https://goo.gl/rSCNT8 7th Std – 1st Term History 1. The north Indian kingdoms – The Rajputs I. Choose the correct answer 1. The Middle Period or the medieval period extended from the _________ th century. a. 8 – 18 b. 1-8 c. 18- present d. none 2. The founder of the Pratihara dynasty was _______ a. Mahendrapala b. Mihirabjoja c. Nagabhatta I d. None 3. Dharmapala founded the famous University at _______ a. Nalanda b. Taxila c. Vikramasila d. none 4. The most important ruler of the Chauhan dynasty was ________ Chauhan. a. Jayapala b. Mahipala c. Prithviraj d. none 5. The capital of the Paramaras was at ________ a. Delhi b. Malwa c. Dhara d. none 6. The ancient Indian History comes to a close with the end of the rule of ______ a. Harsha b. Chandra Gupta 1 www.winmeen.com | Learning Leads to Ruling 7th Social 1st Term Book Back Questions With Answers in English More Book Back Questions Check here - https://goo.gl/rSCNT8 c. Asoka 7. Pratiharas ruled their kingdom with _______ as capital. a. Kanauj b. Bengal c. Bihar 8. Dharmapala was a staunch _______ a. Buddhist b. Jain c. Hindu 9. The city of Delhi was founded by the _________ a. Pratiharas b. Palas c. Tomars 10. Rana Ratan Singh was defeated by _______ a. Iltumish b. Sikandar c. Ala-ud-din-Khilji 11. The Bhakti Cult started during the period of the ________ a. Guptas b. -
A Study Onthe Rashtrakuta Dynasty
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Vol (3) Issue (2) (2021) Page 297-299 International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Journal homepage: www.ijrpr.com ISSN 2582-7421 A Study on the Rashtrakuta Dynasty B. G. MATH Professor, Department of History, CMM arts, Science and Commerce College, Sindagi, India A B S T R A C T The Rashtrakuta Dynasty controlled pieces of South India from the eighth to the tenth century CE. At its peak, their realm remembered the advanced territory of Karnataka for its aggregate alongside parts of the current Indian provinces of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Their significance can be measured from the works of numerous Islamic explorers and researchers, particularly Al-Masudi and IbnKhordadbih (tenth century CE), who composed that the wide range of various rulers of India around then appealed to the Rashtrakutas as a higher force and prostrated themselves in respect before them, such was their impact and impression Keywords: Evaporator , Efficiency of system, Refrigerant used, COP of system. Performance of Evaporator. 1. Introduction The birthplace of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty has been a questionable subject and has been bantered absurd a very long time by students of history. The shifting perspectives fundamentally rotate around issues, for instance, the home of the most reliable antecedents of the archaic Rashtrakutas and the connection between the couple of Rashtrakuta lines that administered little realms in Northern and central India and the Deccan in the 6th century - seventh century. The beginning of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty has been a questionable subject and has been bantered ludicrous a long time by history specialists. -
Political and Cultural History of the Pallavas of Kanchipuram
Political and cultural history of the Pallavas of Kanchipuram Sources for the History of the Pallavas The sources for the history of the Pallavas may be classified as native and foreign sources. The native sources may further be classified as literary and archaeological sources. The literary sources for the study of Pallavas include both Tamil and Sanskrit literature. They provide a lot of information about the Pallavas. Tamil Literature The Tamil literature consisted of the songs composed by Azhalvars and Nayanmars. They had lived during the Paliava period. The compositions of Azhalvars are known as Nalayira Divya Prabhandam. The songs of Nayanmars are compiled into Panniru Thirumurais. These works describe the social and religious life of the people during the Pallava rule. The Periyapuranam written by Sekizhar is also another important literary source for this period. Sanskrit Literature The Sanskrit works Avani Sundari Katha written by Dandin and Loga Vibagam written by Sarva Nandi provide a lot of information about the importance of Simhavishnu and his rule, The famous Pallava monarch Mahendravarman I he wrote the Mathavilasa Prakasanam in Sanskrit language. It provides information regarding the social and religious condition during the Pallava period. Archaeological Sources Copper plates, inscriptions, monuments and coins remain the important archaeological sources: for the study of the Pallavas. The Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta mentions about the Pallava king Vishnu Gopa. The Aihole Inscription of the Chalukyan king, Pulakesin II gives details about the Pallava Chalukya conflict. The Kenthoor Stone Carving of Keethivarman also belonged to the Pallava period Apart from these popular inscriptions; there exist hundreds of Pallava inscriptions throughout South India. -
PG SEM-1 CC3 Political History of the Pallava, the Rashtrakutas and The
DR.MD.NEYAZ HUSSAIN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD PG DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MAHARAJA COLLEGE, VKSU, ARA(BIHARARA(BIHAR) PG SEMSEM----11 PAPERPAPER----CC:3 UNITUNIT----3333 POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE PALLAVAS, THE RASHTRAKUTAS AND THE CHOLAS PART-2 IMPERIAL PALLAVAS Simhavishnu (575 – 590 AD) : The first ruler of imperial Pallavas. Defeated the Kalabhras and laid foundation for the establishment of the “Age of the Imperial Pallavas”. Also defeated the rulers of Chola, Pandya and Chera kingdoms . Master of the entire region between the Krishna and the Kaveri. Worshiper of Vishnu and had the title Avanishimha (lion of the earth). According to a literary tradition, great poet Bharavi visited his court. IMPERIAL PALLAVAS Mahendravarman I (590 – 630 AD) : Simhavishnu was succeeded by his son Mahendravarman I. A versatile genius. He was not only a soldier and statesman, but also a religious reformer, an architect, a poet and a musician. Assumed the title of Mattavilasa, Chitrakarapuli, Vichitrachitta, Gundabhara and Lalitankura The long drawn Pallava-Chalukya conflict began during this period. Mahendravarman I was defeated by Pulakesin II at a place called Pullalur near Kanchi. Pulakesin II almost reached the Pallava capital, but Mahendravarman purchased peace by ceding their Northern provinces to the Pulakesin II. IMPERIAL PALLAVAS Mahendravarman I was a follower of Jainism but converted to Saivism under the influence of Tirunavukkarasu or Appar. He studied music under Rudracharya and composed exercises for the practice of students on a variety of Vina known as Parivadini. He has authored the Sanskrit work ‘Mastavilasa Prahasanam ’. He was a great builder of cave temples. The rock cut caves at Mandagapattu, Dalavanur and Tiruchirapalli were excavated during his time. -
Download Book
Dr. B. R. AMBEDKAR )PEN UNIVERSIT (J fj- AUTHOR : Jclfc V6*U- TITLE : Dr. B. R. AMBEDKAR OPEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY HYDERABAD-500033 Dr. B. R. AHBEDKAR OPEN UNIVERSITY LI B RA R Y - Call No. Accession No. W <$ ^. -fa ( I/ Author: ^fcU l/y~u. - Title : P^ This book should be returned on or before the date last marked below. N08631 THE PALLAVAS BY G. JOUVBAU-DUBBEDIL Doctor of the University of Paris, Professor, College, Pondicherry. TRANSLATED FROM FRENCH BY V. S. SWAMINADHA DI^SHITAR, B.A., L.T., Officier d'Acadtmie Professor of English, Colonial College, Pondicherry. PONDICHERRY : SOLD BY THE AUTHOR, 6, DUMAS STREET. 1917 CHAPTER I: THE ROMAN ORIGIN OF PALLAVA ART. I do not know if any author has so far attempted to ascertain what kind of art flourished at the time of the first kings of the Pallava dynasty. That is what we shall try to determine in this chapter. There is a document which is particularly important for a study of the early history of the Pallavas; it is the Viripara plates discovered at Mayidavdlu, a village situated at a distance of 12 miles from Narasar&opet in the Gunttir district which lies on the southern bank of the Krishna. From his capital, K&nchfpura, and in the 10th year of the reign of his father whose name is not given, the heir-apparent (Yuva-Mah&rftja) Sivaskandavarman, of the Pallava dynasty and of Bhfiradvfija Gdtra, sent to the governors of Dhafifiakada an order concerning the village of Viripara, situated in the Ind. Vol. -
The Book Was Drenched
THE BOOK WAS DRENCHED TEXT CROSS WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY TEXT LITE WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY < c W ^ fc ^ B]<OU 168462 5m > Ct nn TI 7 99 i _l J Major His Highness Raj Rajeshwar 5ramad Rajai Hind Maharajadhiraj Sri Sir Umaid Singhji Sahib Bahadur, G.C.I.E., K. C.S.I., K.CV.O., Maharaja of Jodhpur. HISTORY OF^THE RASHTRAKUTAS (RATHODAS) (From the beginning to the migration of Rao Siha ioicards Maricar.) HISTORY OF THE RASHTRAKUTAS. (RATHODAS) From th bcfinninff to the migration of Rao Stha towardi Marwar, BY PANDIT BISHESHWAR NATH REU, Superintendent, AHCH^OLOGICAL DEPARTMENT & SUMER PUBLIC LIBKAKV, JODHPUR. JODHPUR: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAU DEPARTMENT. 1933. Published orders of the Jodhpur Darbar. FIRST EDITION Price Rs. :2'i- Jodhjr.tr: Printed at the Marwar State Press PREFACE. This volume contains the history of the early RSshtrakutas (Rathotfas) and their well-known branch, the Gahatfavalas of Kanauj up to the third-quarter of the 13th century of Vikrama era, that is, up to the migration of Rao Slha towards Marwar. In the absence of any written account of the rulers of this dynasty, the history is based on its copper plates, inscriptions and coins hitherto discovered. Sanskrit, Arabic and English 1 works, which throw some light on the history of this dynasty, however meagre, have also been referred to. Though the material thus gathered is not much, yet what is known is sufficient to prove that some of the kings of this dynasty were most powerful rulers of their time. Further, some of them, besides being the patrons of art and literature, were themselves good scholars. -
Chronological
ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 5, Issue 7, July 2016 Chronological - Sculptural – Structural Distinctions of Three Perumal Temples [Fresh Interpretations on Thiruvehka - Thiruppāḍagam – Thiruvūragam temples through the songs of Āḻvārs and Historical sources – never told] Dr. S.A.V. Elanchezian Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT: This paper tries the scattered nodes of a forgotten axis of the Pallava architecture. They have axial distinction being abodes to special forms of deity known with familiar postures of ninṛa (standing) iruṅtha (sitting) kiḍaṅtha (sleeping). In Sanskrit they have known as sthanaka, asana, and sayana respectively. Therefore; 1.Thiruvehka – Yathokthakari temple, 2. Thiruppāḍagam – Pāṇḍavathūtha Perumal temple 3.Thiruvūragam – Ulagaḷantha Perumal temple are such specific temples, which on the research has been covered. A first attempt on this particular hypothesis and the effort took to brighten the hidden degrees as much as possible but the result came amazingly. A very early temple and two medieval ones are sequentially kept at their axis and found their original, transformational changes and advancements periodically. However, assigning their chronology made me mad, though minute observations rendered logical essentially through the sources that granted success on what we sought. Therefore, this paper play with much meritable interpretations and magnifies the greatness of art and architectural over eventful concepts. KEYWORDS: Āḻvārs, Thiruvehka, Thiruppāḍagam, Thiruvūragam, Ulagaḷaṅtha Perumal, Nandivarman III. I. INTRODUCTION - I The three Perumal temples we taken to study are situated in Kanchipuram. -
Unit 6 Early Medieval Polities in Peninsular India 6Th To
Early Medieval Polities in UNIT 6 EARLY MEDIEVAL POLITIES IN Peninsular India 8th to PENINSULAR INDIA 6TH TO 8TH 12th Centuries A.D. CENTURIES A.D. Structure 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Major Kingdoms and their Territorial Expansion 6.3 Monarchical Polity 6.4 Administrative System 6.5 Political Processes between the 6th – 8th Centuries A.D. 6.6 Summary 6.7 Exercises 6.1 INTRODUCTION Peninsular India refers to the region south of the Vindhyas, roughly covering present Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (the Deccan), Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Orissa, which is not included here, was also a regional polity of the post-Gupta period developing as a major political region of the peninsula. The other major polities were those of the Deccan in the Malaprabha-Krishna, Krishna-Tungbhadra and Godavari valleys, viz., the Chalukyas of Vatapi (6th-8th centiuries A.D.), the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta (8th –10th centuries A.D.), the Chalukyas of Kalyani (10th – 12th centuries A.D.), the Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra/Halebid and Kaktiyas of Warangal (12th – 14th centuries A.D.). The major powers of Tamil Nadu were the Pallavas of Kanchipuram (Palar-Cheyyar valley) and the Pandyas of Madurai (Vaigai-Tamraparni valleys) (6th – 9th centuries A.D.) and the Cholas of Tanjavur (Kaveri valley) (9th – 13th centuries A.D.). The Cholas, the most powerful of the peninsular polities, with the Kaveri valley as the nucleus of their power, succeeded in establishing the most enduring regional state in the Tamil macro-region. The Tamil region developed its distinctive politico-cultural features under them. In other words, the Tamil regional state and regional culture evolved simultaneously. -
Unit 5 the Pallavas, the Pandyas and the Kalachuris*
Kingdoms in the Deccan and UNIT 5 THE PALLAVAS, THE PANDYAS AND the South THE KALACHURIS* Structure 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Pallavas 5.3 Pandyas 5.4 The Pallava-Pandya Conflicts 5.5 Interregnum and Downfall 5.6 Kalachuris 5.7 Administration 5.8 Economy 5.9 Society 5.10 Religion 5.11 Literature 5.12 Art and Architecture 5.13 Summary 5.14 Key Words 5.15 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 5.16 Suggested Readings 5.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to learn about: the political history of Pallavas, Pandyas and Kalachuris and their rise and fall; administration and the social, economic and religious conditions under these three dynasties; and their cultural activities in the fields of literature and art and architecture. 5.1 INTRODUCTION Earlier in this Course we read about different kingdoms in Deccan and south India from the post-Satavahana period. In this Unit we will look at three significant dynasties from the region viz. the Pallavas, Pandyas and Kalachuris in some detail. Ancient Tamil region was denoted by the term Tamilakam or Tamilaham which can be identified with present-day Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Lakshadweep and southern parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Dominant Tamil kingdoms of the region were Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas during the Sangam age which roughly spans from 300 BCE to 300 CE. In this Unit we will read about Pandyas during the Sangam age and the period of discontinuity in *Dr. Richa Singh, Ph.D. from the Centre for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.