África.Es Ministerio De Asuntos Exteriores Y De Cooperación Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation

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África.Es Ministerio De Asuntos Exteriores Y De Cooperación Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation áfrica.es Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Ministra de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooper ación Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Trinidad Jiménez Secretaria de Estado de Cooperación Internacional Secretary of State for International Cooperation Soraya Rodríguez Director de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo Director of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation Francisco Moza Director de Relaciones Culturales y Científicas Director of Cultura l and Scientific Relations Carlos Alberdi Jefe de Departamento de Cooperación y Promoción Cultural Head. Department of Cultural Cooperation and Promotion Miguel Albero Organiza y edita Organized and edited by Agradecimientos: Acknowledgments: Embajadas de España en Cabo Verde, Etiopía, Guinea Ecuatorial, Kenia, Mozambique, Senegal Consulado Honorario de España en Uganda Centros Culturales de España en Malabo y Bata Casa África Círculo de Bellas Artes de Madrid Nelly Ruiz Aranibar de Petrangeli, Paloma Serra, Nicolás Cimarra, Tada Bastida, Sergio Román Carranza, Héctor Castañeda, Antonio Pérez Hernández, Carlos Contreras, Myriam Martínez Elcoro, Patricia Picazo, Lucía García, María Morgado, Federico Olivieri, Alba Martín, Nadia de Valentín, Javier González Manso, Antonio Lozano, Beatriz Romero, Asunta Lombarte, Fernando García, Juan Jaime Martínez, Elisa Silió, Fernando Aguirre áfrica.es 7 escritores españoles en África Juan Bonilla Olvido García Valdés Luis Goytisolo Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón Ignacio Martínez de Pisón Eduardo Mendoza Clara Sánchez El libro que el lector tiene entre las manos representa el segundo eslabón de un proyecto de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) que lleva el nombre de África.es. La primera entrega fue África.es. 7 miradas africanas sobre España, exposición que se presentó en el Círculo de Bellas Artes de Madrid el pasado mes de febrero, y que actualmente tiene dos itinerancias: una en España, con la colaboración de Casa África, en formato de exposición en la calle, y otra en diversos países africanos. En dicha actividad se muestran las fotografías de siete creadores que, habiendo pasado una temporada en diferentes ciudades españolas, nos ofrecen su visión particular de nuestros escenarios urbanos cotidianos. El objetivo de esta muestra es, por un lado, dar a conocer a los nuevos creadores africanos para que su trabajo goce de visibilidad en España y, por otro, reflejar su visión de nuestro país a través de sus fotografías. Este proyecto se enmarca en una línea de actuación de la AECID que denominamos “Arte inVisible” y que pretende ayudar a los creadores africanos a ser de verdad visibles, mediante su participación en eventos internacionales como ARCO, o mediante la publica- ción de sus trabajos en editoriales españolas. África.es es un proyecto de ida y vuelta, y si la ida —que en este caso era venida— la representaban los fotógrafos con su viaje a España, la vuelta es precisamente esta publi- cación, una especie de camino a la inversa en el que siete escritores españoles de nuestro panorama literario actual han pasado un periodo en siete países respectivos del África sub- sahariana, empapándose de su cultura e identidad, y gozando posteriormente de una liber- tad creadora total, para, a través de su obra, transmitirnos sus experiencias del viaje. El des- tino asignado a cada escritor y la organización de cada uno de los viajes se han hecho de una forma absolutamente independiente. De este modo, se han reflejado las distintas visio- nes y las diferentes formas de viaje de cada uno de ellos, enfatizando la idea de que cada viajero es un mundo. Es interesante subrayar los cambios experimentados por cada uno de los autores durante las diferentes fases de esta aventura: las ideas previas que cada uno tenía, la preparación no solo logística sino también intelectual antes del embarque, la experiencia propia de la estancia en unos escenarios al principio desconocidos pero que, a medida que pasaban las jornadas, se iban haciendo más “familiares” y, por último, la asi- milación de nuevas experiencias tiempo después del regreso. Se demuestra, de esta forma, la capacidad de cambio existencial que un viaje puede tener en cada uno de nosotros. El objetivo de este segundo capítulo de África.es es también doble: dar a conocer la realidad africana a través de nuestros escritore s y mostrar de nuevo el trabajo de fotó- grafos locales, pues cada obra literaria se ilustra con fotografías tomadas por artistas de cada país que acompañaron a los autores durante los viajes, reforzando, con la fuerza visual de la imagen, la aventura experimentada. Esta idea de hacer que el continente africano sea conocido por nuestros creadores y por nuestra sociedad a través de ellos está presente en otro proyecto que organizamos junto con La Fábrica y que lleva por nombre Creo en África. Para completar textos y fotografías, en este volumen se han incluido también dos ensayos introductorios acerca de la literatura y su relación con África. El primero de ellos, de Javier Reverte, escritor y viajero que siempre ha plasmado en su obra un profundo cono- cimiento del continente africano. El segundo, del escritor senegalés Boubacar Boris Diop, sin duda un buen exponente del panorama literario del África de nuestros días. Por último, queremos manifestar nuestro sincero agradecimiento a la colaboración de las Embajadas de España en cada uno de los países africanos del proyecto, que nos han aportado su inestimable ayuda a través de sus consejos y experiencia, y han brindado una calurosa acogida a cada uno de los viajeros. Son muchas también las personas que desin- teresadamente han colaborado en la gestación de este libro en cada uno de los pasos dados y a los cuales igualmente les mostramos nuestra gratitud por su aportación en la lista de agradecimientos. Y como no hay dos sin tres, ya estamos preparando la tercera entrega de África.es, una muestra de videoarte africano que seguirá el espíritu de las anteriores y nos servirá para dar un paso más en esta tarea tan grata de profundizar en nuestro conocimiento de la cultura africana y de sus creadores. Dirección de Relaciones Culturales y Científicas Departamento de Cooperación y Promoción Cultural AECID Javier Reverte África: territorio literario ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Boubacar Boris Diop La literatura africana: una ambigua aventura... ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19 Juan Bonilla SENEGAL ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dakar, la lucha por la vida 31 Olvido García Valdés MOZAMBIQUE ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Friso de Mozambique 45 Luis Goytisolo ETIOPÍA ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Regreso a Etiopía 71 Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón GUINEA ECUATORIAL ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Viaje al español de Guinea 85 Ignacio Martínez de Pisón CABO VERDE ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dietario caboverdiano 97 Eduardo Mendoza UGANDA ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Viaje de ida y vuelta al exotismo 119 Clara Sánchez KENIA ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Entre kikuyus y matatus 145 English texts ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 159 Perfiles / Profiles __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 269 Javier Reverte ÁFRICA: TERRITORIO LITERARIO Graham Greene, uno de los escritores europeos que más páginas escribió sobre África, la calificó en cierta ocasión como “el inexplorado continente vacío en forma de corazón hu- mano”. Es tan sólo una bonita metáfora, desde luego; pero, como sucede a veces con las metáforas, casi tan a menudo como con los tópicos, algo de verdad encierra. Quienes he- mos viajado por África con la intención de escribir sobre ella sabemos que su forma de co- razón humano acaba por penetrar con hondura nuestro corazón de hombres. No son pocos los escritores que han puesto los pies en el continente y han sentido, de súbito, una nece- sidad imperiosa, animada por la fascinación, de escribir sobre ello. Es uno de los síntomas de esa enfermedad, al parecer incurable, que llaman “el mal de África”. Antes de verter algunas opiniones sobre la pasión literaria que despierta nuestro continente vecino, no está de más acotar un poco el territorio de este prólogo. Los estupen- dos escritores que han prestado sus plumas para las visiones de África agrupadas en este trabajo se han circunscrito a geografías
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