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I r j : Ihe unchanging truth about :
1 dictators and appeasement
: BRITAIN’S FITST'AMt* 1 TT is-alarmi?? to _hear some Jke Falklands war. On the at South Georgia, does not alter "r------J1 1 A of the things that people whole most countries, apart from the argument. And there is an OUTPOSTS — T . 8aY wb*cb g^11 circulation Argentina and Soviet subordinates, absolutely stark lesson to be n— in Latin America over the South are bored with the Malvinas . learned here for unilateral dis- Atlantic problem. In Argentina ?au?e- But obviously the Organ- armers. Just look what happens if it is what the discredited IsatJ0n of American States had to when a deterrent, however small, military tyrants want to hear a p£bllc *Ksture in> suPP°rt is. withdrawn before an aggres- 'it is given banner headlines Fnr of .Argentina. Having done so, give military regime ! exmnDtein P?riianSnt A?‘ rw having Tn the United Provided Argentina and the rest 14 Mr TVmr ^^ament ^ec; Nations vote, honour may well of Latin America know that we 14, Mr 1 ony oenn said: Almost have been served for those who will always protect British citizens everyone except the Prime ^matter. It will not be served, and and territory, there will never be Minister realises that the exclu- r-they will not be off the hook, if another Argentine invasion. If sive sovereignty of Britain we continue to give signals that that is the case, all ' that -are over the Falkland Islands can- sovereignty could one day be necessary for effective* deterrence not survive much beyond this ner*a*ed with Argentina. are sophisticated early-warning decade.” Of course we have to recognise devices, the smallest trip-wire I would say that almost every- tfrat rf?111 s 1S- “J* tbe only vo!ce Presence as before in terms of one (except Anthony Wedgwood ra?v *.ut bon?e which troops, and immediate airborne Benn and a few trendies) realises t*S nation as a access, which was never available nothing of the sort. One would ** J?aK^omin/ trendy before. That will be enough. All think he had never heard of the tJ!^^J^S^h3h§l^fTltAmiTlorrt7 talk of blg garrisons and huge Daily Telegraph gateway to the Atlantic and the ^ toe Palklands opera- costs are far-fetched, and perhaps freedom of the sea lanes round the °D ‘ * We shou3d not have done deliberately far-fetched. 13th January Horn. But whatever he believes, —■=— — — Scaremongering is also being all Benn achieves by proclaiming t xl_ . .x indulged m reference to Exocet ^8 3 that sort of little Englander non- Whatever followg the Visit missiles and the danger of sudden sense is the propping up of mili- M,. Th » 1. .. . Argentine air attack. There is tary juntas in Argentina, because 01 IVirs 1 it is talk of possible nuclear bombs, what he said is the one thing „ _ . . should tell Argentina now they want to hear, and the only no 8ervice to either that if one single attack is made card they have left to Dlav in 17 11.1 j _ a «• a British vessel in the South seeking the support of the^n- Falkianders or Argentines Atlantic, by Exocet or anything fortunate Argentine people u-*# . . . ,S€’ w? Wl11 immediately sink an sea or sis rsa—.,, Lord BUXTON
tJsssjsSSStor. We are being watched all the «n iWhitehall, has one AndSJSJCS if there is eTer Tnuclear time in South America to see perceived any s,gn of repentance, threat to the Falkland^: we shnf.M whether the Task Force was just mdfe.d the grapevine indicates a posf^n missilesthere imZd Forpfen 'nffihe paffin'- rd Whether SS'oMra- 1 told ^ ’“direTedat Bu«« Foreign Office officials may one ^ , r T I should not like to be thought day revert to appeasement of a 0n the. Question of defence, I hogtile t the Argentine neonle corrupt regime which is now convinced, like most people I felt dewlyfor Argentine friend^ despised within its own borders. j" IN the Lords debate★ the Govern- Z'Jt r'etahSe^^ey^nev^ ^ “ftfe. ment made the right decision, challenge a determined ooixinent They suffered indeed through the and the Prime Minister and the What we have learned in^he^Falk- StUJ>I?hty of,their P°mPous regime Foreign Secretary have now said lands is that deterrence m M S thr°uSh our own misleading repeatedly that there will be no Entrance to onlv a and misgUlded policies over 18 negotiations on sovereignty. But critical factor, but that a deterrent yffaraS^„whlCh °°mP°unded the Hip03?16 fS 3 Sf0Ck t0 me when becomes a dubious factor unless it 1 * thp ^c kT °f f y.er^guty and implies that one will act decisively mnnAV .. .★ the possible negotiation of it when challenged. T0DAY have a Junta who seemed to be clearly implied, It is certain that the Argen- are fearful of handing over after all that had occurred, in tines would never have invaded P?'ye,r to civilians because they a letter from our United Nations if they had had to start by sinking shnnk frora disclosing what hap- representative to the Security a Royal Navy ship. They invaded Pened to 15,000 of their own citi- Counal on Aug. 22. This indi- believing that Endurance had left zens- c9ntemPtible it is that JvaJ?s ,that .tbc old tendency in the Falkland for home and for any°ne in this country could ever Whitehall is still there. “ Yes, good on March 20. John Nott was “ay« ^contemplated putting free Mimster used to be my favour- wrong when he said in Parliament Bntlf1h atizens under such a Jte television programme. Today on Dec. 14, in reply to a question ^epdlent rule, and it makes no I cannot watch it without nagging on deterrence, “May I remind dlfference whether their numbers disquiet. At home it is now re- the honourable gentleman that w^Le L800 or 18,000. ferred to as “The Falklands HMS Endurance was in the Falk- A The .time for talks with an Snow. ]antj islands when she was Argentine Government, about In October I was in New York attacked. Apparently the deter- eYer>Thin.g' except sovereignty, is during the United Nations “ Mai- rent value of HMS Endurance aft,erJ military dictatorship has vinas debate and took soundings was inadequate.” She was not in end?d> and n°t before. To refer of both North and South Amer- the Falkland Islands, and we the possibility now is a cynical lean opinion. The debate was, of must get this straight. The junta disserviceto all parties, including course, absurdly premature and believed that Endurance had left the maJonty of the Argentine nobody took it seriously. I wel- for home on March 20 and this P,eoP‘e- do so is to encourage ; . corned the vote against us was a crucial factor in convincing the, Junta to continue repression! because it got certain parties off them that they would be unop- and to ban£ on* I . the hook especially those coun- posed. The fact that she was, Further articles will deal with ’ •tries which had been embarrassed unknown to them, 800 miles away Hongkong and Gibraltar 1
The Times - 13th January 1983 ' Fighters escort Thatcher plane By Alan Hamilton Mrs Margaret Thatcher is due back home this evening after a carefully disguised getaway from her visit to the Falkland Islands. Yesterday, the last day of her five-day visit, the Prime Minis ter carried out a well-publicized tour of the battlefields of Mount Longden, Tumbledown and Mount Kent, and a flight to penguin and seal colonies on the western islands. But she threw journalists and potential Argentine intruders off the trail by beginning her Churchill and Falklands day’s “yomp” soon after dawn, and by 9.30am local time she from Prebendary G. A. Lewis Lloyd had taken off in an RAF Sir, I was much interested in Peter Hercules, escorted by Phantom Hennessy’s article, “The other fighters, for the 23 flying hours invasion scare” (January 3). But he home. She was due to take says, “The story begins in February, several hours’ rest at Ascension 1951”. Sir, it does not! It begins Island, where she will be briefed early in 1942. on the deteriorating economic In those war days, Churchill was situation at home, before very suspicious of the Argentines’ making the second, more intentions re the Falklands. They comfortable leg in a VC10 of not only wanted them for them RAF Transport Command. selves but also, as strong Axis Mrs Thatcher was involved sympathizers, they were anxious to in a scare before she left. Her provide German U-boats with bases Hercules was taxiing to take off from which to act against south when a fault was discovered in Atlantic shipping. So, early that one engine. She was transferred year, he sent a Falkland Islands to another Hercules, but her Force (one battalion infantry, Ja departure was delayed for 90 battery of anti-aircraft guns, ana minutes. ancillary arms) to occupy the During her early morning Falklands as a deterrent to invaders. excursion the Prime Minister It worked. We never saw a shot walked in driving rain for half a fired in anger. We were there for 18 mile over the rugged ground of months, returning home in time for Tumbledown to inspect former the invasion of Europe. Argentine positions. I have the honour to remain, Sir, Behind her she left 1,800 Your obedient servant, delighted Falklanders, at least G. A. LEWIS LLOYD half of whom had the chance to (Staff Chaplain, Falkland Islands see or meet her and her Force, 1942-44), husband Denis, but she has also 4 St Mark’s College, left doubt over the fate of 200 Audley End, Argentine war dead buried in Saffron Walden, temporary graves. Essex. Mrs Thatcher said during her January 3. visit that Britain would rebury them in proper war graves on the Falklands but opposition from some islanders has led to the suggestion that they may be buried at sea. Senor Nicanor Costa Men dez, Argentine Foreign Minister during the conflict, said yester day the Mrs Thatcher’s visit constituted “a real act of moral aggression, violating all norms of conduct.” Construction News reports today that three British civil engineering groups have sub mitted tenders to build the planned runway and associated airport buildings at Port Stan ley, which will allow access to aircraft at least the size of a Tristar. Daily Telegraph 14th January 1983 : i WAR STRAINS i . SURVEY FLEET ****** By DESMOND WETTERN Hunt urges .'.'-■■/■ay Naval Correspondent THE Falklands conflict r-4: : *■ V*- and the urgent need to Argentines to develop the islands’ eco- I i nomic potential have put a new burden on the Navy’s ‘grow up’ little-known survey fleet, whose activities range ■ By Andres Wolberg-Stok from the Channel to the In Buenos Aires ' '3^*7 Caribbean, South Georgia, gIR REX HUNT. Falk- " M?' ~ and Saudi Arabia. lands Civil Commis K* , ' . Three-quarters of the waters sioner, has told an Argen m the immediate vicinity of the tine magazine the solution Falklands have not been pro perly surveyed for 50 years or to the Falklands dispute is more, but two-thirds of Britain’s for Argentines to grow ? coastal waters have also still to up, become more mature, pm m be surveyed to modern • ®n.d stop claiming some- “ ^ standards. thing that does not belong to them and never did.” ' The South Atlantic is scienti rr «Cy fically one of the least-known In an interview published in * XTareas of the ocean, and the the weekly magazine Oete r Navy is working all the year D as Sir Rex also said the \ ** round measuring water depths, islanders were better off now ;• - . '<*■ -V tides, currents, and sea-bed than before the Argentine *: stability, vital for off-shore oil invasion on April 2. .? \V exploration and for setting up >7« V new port facilities in the Falk- 1 Intense destruction *
Daily Telegraph 14th January 1983 t ! I! :
MINEFIELDS FENCED
BUT FALKLANDERS Safety standards The difficult and dangerous task has reverted (to peacetime STILL FACE RISKS EOD “ Battle Area Clearance ” f in which normal safety stan dards apply. In principle areas By Maj.-Gen. EDJFARD FVRSDOIS essential to the life of the v Defence Correspondent community will, be cleared as l \LL the known Argentine minefields in East required. Clearance of the other areas ■^ and West Falkland have now been will await the results of the intensive trials, now being con •securely fenced off. ducted of various types of mine-clearing equipment. The immediate areas of the main battlefields— These include devices such as siich as Goose Green, Two Sisters and Tumbledown flail and other mechanical —are now surface cleared. techniques, but these are only practicable in places where The tracks leading south total break up of the ground is west from Stanley to Darwin, acceptable. and north-west to Estancia There is still a tremendous House, are now both cleared task ahead for the Army in the South Atlantic and for the for use, but only along their RAF experts. surfaces or between the safe The Royal Navy’s teams are lane marking pickets. hard at work doing the clear ance below the.high water mark : By early last month. Royal i Engineer teams working under for the large amounts of un- direction of the Tri-Service explodcd material lying under Joint Explosive Ordnance Dis water. It could continue for posal (E 0 D) Headquarters, had years. classified all the original areas of hazard into three. 1,141,000 rounds The outstanding minefield Danger areas work comprises the s outh-east Stanley area corner, Goose Category 1, or Green areas, Green in East Falkland and at are those which have been Fox Bay and Port Howard in exhaustively checked and are West Falkland. There are also believed to be safe. Argentine mines to be cleared These are now principally at Grvtviken and at Leith in Stanley itself, Stanley Common South Georgia. Iving immediately south of it, The EOD teams* score for the airport and its close environs clearances of British and Argen and a strip of coast by Port tine items up to last Saturday Harriet south-west of Sapper is formidable and commendable. Hill. It includes 83 bombs, 3,843 Category 2, or Blue areas, are rockets: 4,102 shells:-273 mis those for which there is no siles, 1,625 mines, 18,514 mortar evidence that they contain bombs, 3,620 grenades, 1,313 mines or booby traps, but may cluster bomblets. 57 booby traps of course contain unexploded and 596 pyrotechnic devices. bombs, missiles or ammunition. In addition 1,141,000 rounds Category 3, or Red areas, are of small arms ammunitions up those known to contain mines to 200 millimetre have been or booby traps, and for which disposed of and a total of 8,701 ' the rule is—“ Do not enter.” - hectares of ground searched.
j I Daily Telegraph 14th January 1983
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
British Virtues Made Outcast .QIR-The visit of Mrs Thatcher to ~ wafreport^s CjS the Falkland Islands serves, being™armed not oniy with ;guns, but once again, to highlight the als^ jong.range guided missiles. She attitude adopted by Mr Tam Daiyeli probably represented the greatest single and other liberal/progressive politi- threat to the Task Force, dans when confronted by a national Having had four years in command of issue. submarines during the last war, may I -The Falkland Islands war was Mr ^Dalyell J^at^sumanne fought to free a small territory from necessity fleeting, and seldom occupation by an expansionist repeated. I had one myself, and it was Argentina governed by ben. unsuccessful. Galticri. Of Mr Dalyell’s statement that the This general (in his own land a ruth- Belgrano represented ‘‘no concmvable less military dictator, where thousands threat to the Task Force, .there is an of his political opponents were disposed old-fashioned expression to describe • of without trace) had, prior to the war, •• codswallop.” This expression ma be
persuasion. of the more vulgar sort. It was to be expected that the dic P. B. MARRIOTT tator’s subsequent overthrow would be Capt. a matter for rejoicing and congratula Thetford, Norfolk. tion for those who had accomplished it. However, in so far a$ Mr Tam Dalvell . , and many Church leaders are concerned Bevin S reaction the exact reverse is the case. Condemns!- Dalvell (Jan. 10) In tion is heaped on the liberator. Excuses ^Mr vendeUa against Prime made for the aggressor. Minister over the Falkland Islands, What is the reason ? It is not far to would do wen to consider the words of seek. The statutory military' dictator so _ t socialist Ernie Bevin. dele?]Uinvy “** Left 15 ”0t U 6 When Bevin, as Foreign Secretary In in villainy. *be Attlee Government, arrived in Berlin ' That role is permanently reserved for {“etake his place * the Potsdam Cm- any British leader who, upholding the ference be was met at the airport by ,,values of.a past generation, applies them.. Qenpra] jsmay. According to Isroav, in the present. Honour, chivalry ana Bevjn’s grst WOrds were: “ I'm not going courage, so conspicuously lacking in the have Britain barged about.” ^higher echelons of the mtellegentsia, Bevin admired Churchill. I am sure *re detested. Those who possess such he would have approved of Mrs virtues ere outcasts. ,, . Thatcher. He would not have thought Against this detestation all other on - Thatcher. Mr Da|yeI1. rage, by whomsoever committed, mili- CHRISTOPHER ROWAN-ROBINSON tary dictator or otherwise pales into insignificance, and in the South Atlantic Hove, Sussex. the dictator is exonerated and the liberator condemned. Provocative measures D. P. APTHORP STR—It is necessary to look at only the Darsham, Suffolk. Brst point in Mr Tam Dalyell’s letter to realise how one sided are -bis opinions. Rare encounter How can he describe the establishment r ‘.L 1 v . TUr Of the Exclusion Zone, a defensive mea- SIR—At the end of the last war Mr as .. provocatjve ” when Argentina, Tam Dalycll (Jan. 10) was about 13 and jj* had been really “provocative his entry in “ Who's Who gives no indi- "r ihv'ading Falklands ? cation that he has any experience of °y m d G. W. HEADON war at aea. Warlingham, Surrey. The Belgrano, although old, was a j / Daily Telegraph 14th January 1983
‘ > \ ij ; The Daily Telegraph, Friday, January 14, 1983 {J i g I % Tenders suEmitted for9,000ft
• •: •>birr Sub-surface -that .prevent It /• .1N flam being extended ‘lo '9.000ft. strategic runway Alternative' sites .have: been „ identified at Goose Green and at March Ridge; .near Fitzroy. vjr . :if ^approyatls.given—and fins' :'i v: v ; i by no .means, certain because at Port Staiiley of .the high cost of construction -ra separate decision will have By Air CdreG. S. COOPER Air Corresponded to be taken on whether the * runway and airfield facilities wijl be built by the military or ? DEFENCE study into building a by a civilian contractor. .Another .'problem .ibeing ; strategic runway git Port Stanley for studied by the R,A.F is thfe pay* the rapid reinforcement of the Falklands load capability of TriStars oper ating from Ascension’s relatively is nearing comple- • -.low. load-bearing runway- tion. ate diversion airfields for use TriSthrs have fewer wheels in: emergency. f“an the McDonnell-DOuglas British civil engineering The RAF gets over these two DC-1 Os to spread the weight of .mime r k j problems by Right "refuelling a maximum load, but the R A F groups nave submitted Hercules -transports that can may find it can operate the air* tenders to build the planned use Stanley’s .short runway. craft -successfully by reassessing - runwav and a;rnriPJ With tanker support, the- runway limitations at Wide*. , y nd Sirport1 Hercules .can get back' to Ascen- Ascension s airfield, of buildings. eion. if the crews' cannot land ?ytlTnf *5* TriStars with less than The Royal Engineers have Stanley. But on some .ful1 IoadSl been surveying several sites 1a?ircraf!1 .^a^e diverted & * 9.000* runway to takl ^FALKLANDS SHIP d • t .1 transports and the Argentina...... — British Airways TriStars. ^ - - TO BE SOLD which are to be converted Cut troop costs foT.S^ateniA tanker-freighters A longerWway would allow - j^aval 'c£r?!?hfiiiiW for the RAF. troops to be deployed quickly. ^ 3Val CorresP°ndent The military air bridge re- t’hus reducing long-term gar- The tfirst of the Navy’s ships quiremcnt is in addition to the nson costs but cutting down the *° P‘av a prominent part in the need to build an international need for a large Army presence. ‘‘Slklands conflict, the 36,500- airport for commercial use to lit .would also-allow. -Nimrod cpfJn^iryaI v.Fieet Auxiliary link the ‘Falklands with the maritime flights from the island Strom.nes$, which was converted outside world by air. IDe without Ibetag de^ndent oo }“ ship mid-air refuelting t0 :Royal, Marines Com- • Tu . . , mandos,. is to be sold the the Hercules answer i ne cost of the runway would American Navy i ne short-range air sendee .r^O-CoO million, .according to —— from Argentina has been sus- Whitehall sources, against the nended mdefinitely. £424 million garrison costs BIGNONE IN TALK The lack of a suitable run- forecast for next year * wav and the refusal by South But this would provide the ' WTTTT RHA7TT rKlenC2? ,ncluding ^ar,€St of facilities' and° not .■ y ; use mainland SJSm.01!?S"5 ,QCJude % of-DBW roads By Our Buenos Aim • SS-2SK hL ,stag' and an airport .terminal. .. . . Correspondent^ • range transport aircraft flying laid^t^•President Bifinone, of Argen- . to Stanley. tf.!d ?a?^ivSfca?J£y wjth Pat- t,na and President Fidueiredo
•engerenger aircraft need to nomm- problems of space and a soft- tries two ooun- Financial Times 14th January 1983 *
" • - - . I . / . v I ’.ss.w *:• v /; nt,J ,n tliini: ana re-tninK
Falklands lesson teaches Argentina to re-arm •F 3 •rV'r v--? r. j •' I 'TV '/;• . v ; BY A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT IN BUENOS AIRES \ 'j J : i Ju-V '• • - _• THE ARGENTINE armed forces The .first priority was to --^ « - ; ; - '';> ;* >-4*1 the° strategic vSue^of6 helicop- fronS^rtension with Chile over; which died1 to tfie have been re-arming fast since replace between 40 and 50 • J -•/ V ^ transports* and the Beagle Channel dispute in of San ( their defeat m the Falkland Mirage III and Skyhawk fighter ; M .. , airborne weapons platforms for 1978 and is now reaping the warships were moored. Islands six months ago. replac- bombers shot down by British attacking infantry and shipping, benefit of these orders. Improvements^ in personnel ing large amounts of lost equip- anti-aircraft defences and ^ ' The Argentine forces made The first of four frigates and. selection arid. training ai£ likely ment and buying the new Hamer jump jets, 4 feS > % little effective use of their own lW0 submarines ordered from jn all three services *s a result military hardware which their Last November, armsttadere 4; MM*,. W Wa ' mixed bag- of helicopters, how- West Germany are due to of experience gained .in. Argen- recem ba^e experience has were saying that Argentina had “ 2r of which were arrive later this year and ™>re ^Xs^war against a.foreign shown • to be indispensable for already purchased 10 second- • #-^-1 - destroyed according to the submarines and six corvettes ti™sjirx ar g modem warfare. hand Mirages from its close ally. y romminder- in - Chief are be ns built in Argentine enemy for more than years. If Argentina should ever con- Peru, and 22 to 24 Daggers, an f-VJ rnTtinn Nicolaides. ' shipyards2 with West German Barely-trained 18-year-oM re* skier going to war with Britain Israeli-built version of the same ;,C rhl Argentine military technical assistance. omits, however*,brave and de* • over the Falklands a second aircraft, from Israel. ; ’ dTely at buvins inflict*showed ■termined,- wer*,a*./match fur- time, its armed forces will be Another urgently needed *re piima transport The Falkland far more effec- Britain’s highly- trained^profes- ... better equipped and better replacement was a Lockheed French-b ,;are shon Argentina s ^ifonces The sionaL- troops..’: Several senior tabled to doTe job. C430 Hlmiles transport air- f hehcoptert tive ZttM."Officer* and, politicians. W 'oreign- military experts rfaftj purchased from the U.S: ping around wiS the p^foSiance- Called for an eikt/;t»
The Times 14th January 1983
/ Argentines helpless but
angry at Thatcher trip From Andrew Thompson, Buenos Aires resentmenHn Argentina^! Mrs °f
0 Oon^ L !tC know,edSe of Argentina’s post-war gez, of the Democratic Action =tte counter- measures. experienced diplomats under be. The visit is not one of the Within the military govern- difficult circumstances”. country’s most serious prob- ment Sehor Juan Aguirre The newspaper Clarin said: iems”. Lanari, who was responsible for “The support of the third world, But it still irked national giving the official response, had anc* above all of Latin America feelings. Sehor Nicanor Costa a hectic week. Mrs Thatcher's is moving, but is not enough to Mendez, the former Foreign surprise arrival in the islands llp the balance in our favour.” Minister, called the visit “im- caught him half-way to Nicara- There are some sectors of moral”; Senor Ernesto Sabato, a_ gua. where he was to attend a Argentine society which believe writer, said it was “pompous”, meeting of non-aligned foreign *n whal has been described as Senor Lorenzo Miguel, a trade I ministers. He made a statement different forms of “permanent unionist, called it “an insult” from Caracas branding the visit war •_ anc* Senor Francisco Manrique, as “an attempt to perpetuate Scnor Manfred Shonfeld, a the Federal Party leader said it ! British colonial dominatio- columnist for La Prensa. for was “an affront to all Argen- n”over the islands. example, believes Agentina's tines”. In his socech to the as firalf6>- sh(?^ld !Iic,Vde tlar^ss‘ The optimists, in private in his speech to the as- ment air raids and that the day conversation recognize that scmblcd ministers on Wednes- Argentina knew of Mrs Thatch- thev are setting their hopes on a tfVrPresence, “some key targets number of separate develop erforher belligerent attitude, ,n the occupied capita! of the ments over a period of yeai? and accused Britain of installing Malvinas should have been These include the return, of a military base on the islands smouldering in ruins". democracy to Argentina, equipped with nuclear weapons The left-wing Popular Left Another factor, which it is C which posed a grave threat to Front called for the nationaliza- hoped, will raise the chances of world peace and was a destab.- tion of British property, a a peaceful settlement, is the hzing element in the South unilateral moratorium on the high cost to Britain of maintain- Atlantic. foreign debt, and the intern- ing a garrison on the islands. Although there has been ment of British residents 0 MANAGUA: Despite widespread support within These remain, however, strong opposition from some Latin America and the non- minority voices. The general participants, the non-aligned aligned countries for Argenti- opinion, with many different foreign ministers meeting here na’s position, officials know nuances, remains that a diplo- are widely expected to de- that there has been no real matic struggle must be waged, nounce harshly the United advance towards answering the In this view there are too many States’ role in Latin America United Nations’ call for a other problems facing the (AFP reports).
Financial Times 14th January 1983
Mope for Belize ‘-t’readent Strain' Sins Montt -said Guatemala would drop its . claim to all the former-British • colony of Belize bln still wants a fifth of it.
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! Construction News 13th January 1983
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f © Fairclough to build
£16m RAF complex FAIRCLOUGH Inter tenders for the construction job This departure has already Again a tendering procedure is national has pulled off the being invited. been highlighted by a decision to understood to have been avoided Fairclough is to build an RAF ask six contractors to come with Sea and Land Pipe under first large civils award to camp complex on Ascension together and form three joint stood to be negotiating the job. come out of the Falklands Island, which is 6,300 km from ventures to bid for construction The units which would be the UK and aboui the same of a new airport outside Port shipped out to Stanley are similar conflict with a £16 million distance from the Falkland Stanley. This led to bids being to those used in the North Sea contract for work on mid- Islands. Work is understood to put in late last year from and would form a floating hotel Atlantic Ascension Island. include accommodation and Cementation with John Laing, in Stanley harbour. As with contracts let for work leisure facilities and some Costain with Tarmac and Last week about 40 firms con- ! 1 on the Falkland Islands, the runway alterations. Wimpey with Taylor Woodrow. tacted the Crown Agents in | Ministry of Defence (MoD) has Portakabin has won a contract response to a tender for the ' for the supply of site camp units Although the three joint departed from its normal ventures were asked to mpet a provision of labour for road I practice of inviting up to 15 firms and also for other accommodat improvements on the Falkland I ion facilities. Most units have tight bidding deadline no award to bid for defence contracts. has yet been made. Nor has there Islands. A large number of these Fairclough’s award is under already been shipped out. are understood to have been A demand from Whitehall that been any public commitment to stood to follow on from a cost go ahead with the project which recruitment agencies which have plus consultancy award without awards and lenders for Falklands been eliminated from the and Ascension be handled swiftly was seen by Lord Shackleton as the key to the islands’ future. running. The Crown Agents have by the Property Services Agency now shortlisted 12 contractors to is understood to be the main Another contract likely to be bid for the work. reason for the departure from awarded soon is one for up to An award is expected shortly normal MoD tendering pro £20 million worth of accommod as the Agents want the men to cedures. ation modules for East Falkland. move on site next month. r
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-j *« l Lord Barber, ‘ I :.v* -l .■"on^'wwt; e -)it: ■ l :jMr?7 i ■y.'.i n <;■" MEN WHO ij. m Carrington drew GAVE THE WARNINGS fire off FO YEARNINGS of the Argen By DAVID ADAMSON Diplomatic Correspondent tine invasion were given by Mr Anthony H E resignation of Williams, 59, Britain’s Lord Carrington as Ambassador to Argentina Foreign Secretary, and at the time of the crisis and Capt. Nicholas Barker, two other Ministers, drew 49, commander of the much of the fire that Endurance. was then being directed He arrived in Buenos Aires in February, 1980, to restore full at the Foreign Office. relations between the two But the senior officials r-i countries, ambassadors having concerned’ in' the ipi *.-/*) been mutually withdrawn in events . 1976 leading up to the Falklands Mr Williams, an experienced Jfisis remained in place and diplomat who had also been the extent of their respon- ambassador to Cambodia and sibility, as advisers to the Libya, complained bitterly to ministers, has been a matter the Argentine Foreign Ministry 0f debate ever since, in March when a party of so- called scrap metal dealers At the time of the invasion t landed illegally on South Sir Michael Palliser was Per Sir Michael Palliser manent Under-Secretary of Georgia. f State, the most senior official might have been expected if Subsequently, messages ot in the Foreign Office. the Prime Minister had found growing urgency were sent in The post was one of consider- his advice seriously lacking in * ,, v able prestige and influence. He elementary foresight. v is not only an administrator, Instead she brought him back -,v' Hi Jj§! was not only an administrator, as a special adviser on the Falk- P Ifiwl but the chief adviser to the lands attached to the Cabinet m Foreign Secretary. Office. Pie has access to all the in- The man who succeeded Sir || formation, secret or otherwise, Michael at the Foreign Office H || flowing through the department was Sir Antony Acland. At 52 I l| and he was a member of the he was regarded as young for m §§ Permanent Secretaries Commit- the post. || tee on the Intelligence Services. At the time of the invasion he j Relations between the Per- was in what turned out to be a §§ manent Under-Secretary and vulnerable job—chairman of the mm J§ ; politicians have not always been Joint Intelligence Committee, ■ .V, i happy or exactly respectful. Unlike the Permanent Secre- & « Sir Alexander Cadogan, an taries Committee, it does not p| earlier holder of the post, said ^fP0.1^ direct t0 Ffime I of politicians: “They embody Minister. everything that my training has But it is the collecting point taught me to eschew —ambition, for information from two im- prejudice, dishonesty, self-seek- portant sources. The Secret Capt Nicholas Barker ing light-hearted irresponsi- Intelligence Service and th® bility, black-hearted mendacity.” Defence Intelligence Staff, code from the embassy to Whatever intelligence there London warning that the Clash with Owen was on Argentine intentions rcafv^attTc'k ^ gettlDS The urbane and patient Sir ^nd preparations was channeled ^c/ptVrklfwas command- Michael, by contrast, usually anal^d * ^ inn officer of the Royal Navy’s got on well with his politicians, committee. Antarctic ice patrol Ship, En- His relations with Lord Car- 1 he names of two other offi- durance 3600 tons which rington were happy and Mr c.als have been mentioned in was due to be scrapped before Healey, Labour’s foreign affairs speculation about where respon- the Falklands crisis spokesman, charged to his sibility lies for the Govrnmnt Capt Barker said he and his rescue when Mrs Thatcher being taken by surprise by the men realised what was happen- denied him the usual automatic invasion. jn CONSTRUCTION NEWS Fairclough to build A'" complex Again a tendering procedure is This departure f&s already A IRC LOUGH Inter- tenders for the construction job I understood to have been avoided being invited. been highlighted by a decision to with Sea and Land Pipe under ^national has pulled off the Fairclough is to build an RAF ask six contractors to come stood to be negotiating the job. camp complex on Ascension together and form three joint ) first large civiis award to ventures to bid for construction The units which would be Island, which is 6,300 km from shipped out to Stanley are similar come out of the Falklands the UK and about the same of a new airport outside Port to those used in the North Seafl conflict with a £16 million distance from the Falkland Stanley. This led'to bids being! and would form a floating hotel,, Islands. Work is understood to put in late last year from contract for work on mid- Cementation with John Laing,; in Stanley harbour, include accommodation and f Last week about 40 firms con-[ Atlantic Ascension Island. facilities and sbnie Costain with Tarmac and-' leisure Wimpey with Taylor Woodrow.jI tacted the- .Crown Agents in As with contracts let for work runway alterations response .to., a tender tor the i on the Falkland Islands, the Portakabin has won a contract Although the three joint provision "of labour tor road Ministry of Defence (MoD) has for the supply ol sue camp units ventures were asked to meet a improvements on the Falkland Idepartcd from its normal and also for other accommodat tight bidding deadline no award Islands. A large number of these Ipractice of inviting up to 15 firms ion facilities. Most units have \ has i^t/ljeen made. Nor has there are understood to have been to bid for defence contracts. already been shipped out. \ been ahy public, commitment to recr uitment agencies which have Fairclough’s award is under I A\ demand from Whitehall that go ahead with the project which been eliminated trom the stood to follow on from a cost awards and tenders for Falklands was ..seen .by Lord Shackleton.-as running. The Crown Agents have plus consultancy award without and Ascension be handled swiftly the key.to the islands’ future,- ; now shortlisted 12 contractors to by the Property Services Agency likely to'be bid for the work. is understood to be the main Another contract awarded soon is one for up to An award is expected shortly reason for the departure from as the Agents want the men to normal MoD tendering pro £20 million worth of accommod ation modules tor East Falkland. move on site next month. cedures. ■ ; ilkSands award IT HAS been confirmed that Sea and Land Pipes has been awarded a rushed contract by the Ministry of Defence for accommodation on the ^The^rra’s^osts are to be assessed halfway through the job and a final figure will be worked out on that basis. Completion is due by A TThe award is understood to owe much to the of ^JP Jim Prior whose constituency contains the East Anglia S&LP yards. Work involves the fabrication of 308 containers measuring 13 m by 2 5 m bv 2 5 m to be arranged in a five-storey structure'on a barge sthearcr^ lower floor will contain catering facilities. *&0S£T- L A j number, and all seem to have told proached the prospect of a national Falklands: How Britain their intelligence case-officers what strike is typical of its attitude to the the British government cared to water industry. The National hear. That message was that the Water Council has repeatedly ) missed the boats junta really did not mean business. criticised lack of capital funding, For that reason, priorities for ALTHOUGH Lord Franks’s re ‘normal exercises’ is not explained. necessary to locate leaks (estimated* GCHQ and other agencies to in port deals with one monumental Similar incongruities abound in by some at 30 per cent of all water tercept signals or gather data were failure of judgment by the Cabinet the report. Franks says that ‘no supplied), mend drains and reno- not increased. So, when an assistant Office’s Joint Intelligence Organi satellite photography was available vate sewers. Capital funding has rushed into John Nott’s office late sation, it sidesteps many other in on the disposition of the Argentine fallen by half in real terms over the telligence failures during the period on 31 March with the decrypt that past ten years. forces’. However, according to Air revealed the time and date of the V before Argentina’s invasion of the Commodore Frow, maritime forces The House of Lords committee Falklands. invasion of Port Stanley, it was far was especially critical of ‘the re ‘around the globe’ are under con too late. Chief among them was the failure laxed attitude of the Department of tinuous scrutiny, but the usual Duncan Campbell of the Assessments Staff to read means of satellite reconnaissance of the Environment, which accords Argentinian newspaper repons and the sea is radar, infra-red scanning badly with the collapse data’. Of public comments, which reliably or signals intelligence - not die estimated 210,000 km of sewers predicted what would happen and ‘photography’. It is, in fact, incon Sewers may in Britain, about 15 per cent are were couched in explicitly warlike more than 100 years old; in Man ceivable that information was not terms - unlike the words used in available from the rings of radio c@llapse if water chester, it is 80 per cent. previous moments of tension over direction-finding stations which strite g®e§ ahead Oddly enough, many water the islands. One former member of surround each ocean. authorities do not even know where the Jomt Intelligence Staff, Air In reply to claims that Argentine DOUBLE-DECKER buses may their sewers are. The Anglian Commodore Brian Frow, calls the intentions might have been de fail through the streets and into the Water Authority, for instance, Franks repon a ‘whitewash’. He duced from the sudden movement sewers if next week’s water strike knows the whereabouts of only 8 says: 'It’s ridiculous to say that the of an acknowledged $500 million of goes ahead. This is not some lurid per cent of its 22,000 km of sewers. indicators were not there and were Argentine funds out of London in prediction of the tabloid press but According to Eddie Newall, not being read.’ the ‘period running up to the inva the more measured view of the leader of 30,000 water workers, the Air Commodore Frow himself sion’, Franks argues that the Bank House of Lords select committee threat of an all-out strike from next read the indicators while heading of England would not normally re on science and technology, whose Monday cannot now be lifted with the London-based Falkland Islands ceive reports of such an outflow report on the water industry was out the intervention of environment Office. In September 1981, he held until weeks later. He totally fails to published last month. secretary Tom King. Newall claims a press conference to announce that mention the existence of the Econo The committee argued that the that the National Water Council, an Argentine invasion was now, for mic Intelligence Organisation and government was leaving the which negotiates on behalf of the 10 the first time, quite certain if nego Committee (see NS 19 Nov 1982), sewerage renewal programme £100 water authorities in England and tiations failed. which does for financial intelligence million a year short of capital Wales, had planned to raise its 4 In October 1981 the Jomt Intelli what JIC does for foreign and investment. If the programme was per cent offer to 6 per cent last gence Committee (JIC) increased diplomatic information. not speeded up, hydraulic overload November, but the government its priority for intelhgence on Ar Secret intelligence on the move was increasingly likely, leading to vetoed the increase. During a gentina. This message was passed ment of money is easily available the weakening of external support debate on the Water Bill (which to GCHQ, the Secret Intelligence from GCHQ’s intercepts on all the for sewer pipes and, eventually, abolishes the National Water Coun Service and the Defence Intelli normal commercial communica massive ground collapses. cil), Denis Howell MP asked King gence Staff. Nothing was done. tions channels in and out of Britain. One of the teams that will be on three times if he would deny this Franks doesn’t say why. The Economic Intelhgence staff strike from next Monday deals with story; King refused. He does say that extra intelli could have obtained the informa repair equipment, so the possibility But it is not certain that even an gence resources might not have tion in time - if they had been of fixing old sewers will be reduced. offer of 6 per cent would satisfy the helped to predict Argentina’s inten asked A former director of Econo The threat of ground collapse is unions, who have been insisting for tions, Predicting intentions is in mic Intelligence at the Ministry of only one of many potential horrors over a year that their position in the deed tricky (although the Argentine Defence, Edward Radice, said this ahead, including polluted rivers, earnings league table should be newspaper repons made it easier); week that such operations had been water rationing and blocked drains. raised to the upper quartile of male but monitoring actual military de successfully mounted to follow The apparent insouciance with manual workers’ earnings. ployment is comparatively simple Rhodesian finances and Biafran which the government has ap- This claim was not resolved in and easy to arrange through satel funds in the late 1960s, ‘once we Burst water mains: the shape of thing* to come? lite reconnaissance and signals in had a political direction’. telligence. Critical days of warning This question of political direc could certainly have been provided. tion lies at the heart of the intelli Franks also says that warning gence failure. Franks’s guilty par could have been given if the British ties — the Joint Intelligence defence attache could have pro Committee and its subordinate vided ‘direct coverage of military groups consistently misinter- movements in Argentina’. Alleg preted information, and ‘missed a edly, he didn’t — a claim dismissed great deal more through lack of in by former intelligence staff as ‘ridi terest. JIC has, for the moment, a culous’. Foreign Office chairman, and its The Franks repon adds that it Current Intelhgence Groups (CIGs) would still have been ‘difficult to are drawn largely from Foreign evaluate such information because Office and MoD staff with exper of the absence of knowledge about ience in the geographical region. the normal pattern of Argentine Both the JIC and the CIGs often military activity.’ Yet the repon bias their work to the political then says that ‘there was no intelli evaluations and priorities of either gence, from American sources or their parent departments or the otherwise, to show that the force at government as a whole. sea before the invasion was in That happened with intelhgence tended other than for the normal on the Falklands time and time naval exercises’. How Britain could again. SIS’s agents and informants know nothing about ‘normal pat in the Argentine foreign and de tern’ of activity and yet recognise fence ministries were few in 4 ' isiisagwgBi Our exclusive pat-fern, with it* back - to - nature styling, is per fect for chilly Febru ary days. If is knitted in pure Falklands wool, and has a low- buttoning front with panels of cable as decoration. Picture by KENNETH MASON Sketch by BERYL HARTLAND m J rTHE Falkland Islands enter our lives The wool, an Aran gauge, comes at 75p a 50 gram ball in just five natural 1 in a gentler way with the arrival , :■' - " ft here of their knitting wool, all from colours: natural white, beige, brown, pale fine sturdy sheep who are now back to grey and deep grey.. You will find it, by ss doing their own peaceful thing: growing mid-February, in Ries Wools of 243 High r: their wool. Holborn, London WC1 and also ‘ at Self ridges. We have commissioned an exclusive a; —fill The Vildng people have prepared & pattern to knit in this attractive wool, some knitting pattern booklets and you n ;\ j which takes perfectly to a slightly Aran, can obtain one by sending 65p, plus sae, M ti: cabled, back-to-nature styling. to Viking Wools, Hawkshead, Cumbria. Falkland Islands’ wool has, curiously Each booklet contains eight knitting enough, not been sold here before in its patterns using the new yarn. pure state although it has been blended In the meantime consider our own by Hayfield into a mixture yarn (no longer cardigan with its low buttoning and sharp available). Now Viking are importing the cabling. It ta.kes eight balls for bust size . raw knitting wool of the TalkTands and 34in, also eighf for'the size 36in. having it spun in Yorkshire in its pure . > r--; - WHb state. Serena Sinclair * ^ r THE STANDARD. TUESDAY. JANUARY 26. 1983—19 and launches the Falklands Sweater WITH classic hand-knits like Guernseys and Arans back in the ■ fashion limelight, where. I have been asking myself, is the Falk- m lands Sweater? The islands send 2-25 million kilos H of high-quality Falklands wool each year to Britain. But most of it ends V-STITCH for valour and victory . . . Nancy up on the open market in Bradford, 'ale's design for The Standard’s Falklands where it is blended with other wool and dispersed -around the world. Sweater. No one — not even Betty ------Miller who runs the local cottage industry shop in Port Stanley—has pro duced a sweater in pure Falklands wool to challenge Britain’s traditional knit-s. Now The Standard is put ting that right. I have com missioned from one of our foremost knitwear designers an exclusive pattern for a Falklands Sweater which we can wear, and even knit, with pride. Nancy Vale, whose 1000- strong team of home knitters produces the best British >3 classics in thousands for a world-wide market, as well as high fashion numbers for New York designer Ralph Lauren, has used a combination of highly symbolic stitches to create The Standard’s Falk lands Sweater. m Central to her design is a chunky calble, representing the link between the islands and put Britain- On either side are bands of V-sti/tch, for valour and victory. Da- IS] Delightful Rugged moss stitch, for the 42 land itself, makes up the background, and weaving its way between the patterns, cut ting right through the welts $ and neckband, is a tough rope stitch for strength. What makes the Falklands Sweater extra-special is the a sheer quality of the wool itself. '1. Because there are no trees or bushes on the islands, no vegetable matter rubs into the sheep’s fleece, So Falklands wool is clean, strong and, 1 above all, silky. Spinners in Bradford swear I they can pick Falklands wool 1 \ <0 ^Gjnzi »xo». Falkland veto risks conflict* it§i warn By Ian Aitkcn, the debate with an announce- Political Editor i {• ment that she was taking the rru n ■ ,*• • 4 advice of Lord Franks and his The Prime Minister was chal- _ and intended lenged in the Commons yester- appoi^ing a full-time chairman day to justify her Fortress “ , Jo“int intelligence Com- Falklands policy in the South mittee from her slaft in the Atlantic and warned that her determination to give the 1,800 Cabinet Office. inhabitants of the islands a vir- The report suggested that tual veto over British diplo- the committee had not suc- macy could lead to a repetition cessfully processed warnings of of last April’s catastrophe. J possible invasJ5Jn’P3**/ . . - . . __ because it was under the con- This issue founded on Mrs , r full.time official of Thatchers reiteration of the the Foreign Office. principle of paramountcy for Mrs Thatcher followed her the wishes of the islanders announcement with a tribute emerged as the crucial fact in to the efficiency of the Foreign “ We commissioned a Franks the first day of the Commons Report on the Labour Party’s debate on the Franks report on showing in the polls and the causes of the Falklands FO loses key security chair, you’ll be delighted to know affair. hack page; Parliament, page it absolves you oj any blame.” It now seems likely to over 8 ; Letters, page 12 take the more backward-look ing issues raised by the Franks Office in general, and to the analysis of the events that led performance of Lord Carring up to the Argentine invasion. ton and his fellow ministers The Prime Minister opened who resigned as a result of the _____ Argentine invasion. In the Lords the former For eign Secretary said that nine months after the event he still did not believe that lie could have acted differently. Prime Minister warned that veto Although Mrs .Thatcher paid a tribute to the work of the Ministry of Defence,- it, was risks new Falkland conflict noticeable .that she added no personal praise jorf-.Sinr John Nott. who..stayed^okjs as De Continued from page one the Opposition, developed his he said, was a phrase which fence Secretary when Lord argument that the Franks might be substituted for the Carrington resigned- ! islands and, if possible, the de Report had demonstrated a Resolute Approach- pendencies, too. No solution breakdown in Cabinet govern- Mrs Thatcher •.'concdded that which satisfied their demand there hack-been -.mtfbh criticism could possibly be reconciled of the Foreign Office; and with the wishes of the Labour MPs promptly re- islanders or of Parliament. minded her that many of the She was challenged on the criticisms had come from her. point by Dr David Owen, the fv?,SSifor some 15 months before the stsannouncj ng“ the as® vessel’s with- fc Undeterred7; Mr£. Thatcher former ‘Labour Foreign Secre- declared that': these; criticisms tary who is now Foreign invasion- drawal. had been quite'' unjustified. Affairs spokesman for the He insisted that Mrs Mrs Thatcher claimed that a “ That needed saying, and I’m Social Democrats. Thatcher had a duty to draw previous Labour government glad to say it,” she declared, in In a ferocious speech casti sensible lessons from the ex- had also SOUght to withdraw the tone of someone swallow gating the Prime Minister he perience of the Falklands Endurance, which had ing some rather nasty medicine. affair, and to re-establish the now she announced, been re She told MPs that Argentina said : “ This House has a duty principle of collective minis- prjeved once and for all. to say to the British people terial responsibility through was interested in only one that we fought against aggres Cabinet discussion. Otherwise This statement brought pre- thing—sovereignty over the sion and not for a flag. The the same kind of mistakes dictable laughter from the Turn to back page, col. 5 sooner the Prime Minister for would be made again. Opposition benches, and when gets the word paramountcy in Winston Churchill terms of the wishes of the Mr Foot ironically expressed ^attemptedIr to suggest that the islanders the better.” the, thanks for Mrs Thatcher’s Labour government had only Dr Owen’s onslaught, brought the Prime Minnister EFK »it1wf FoTt to her feet more than once. She a foreign6 See- tTy accused Dr Owen of ignoring the fact that the Commons itself retary to resign. m^ke the failings oL t$e Tory had committed itself to the He asked how long Lord government even more serious. paramountcy of the wishes of Carrington’s successor, Mr . But one question last night the islanders. . Francis Pym, was likely to sur- was the Commons':would Dr Owen would not be intimi vive. be able to sustain an entire dated. “ Speak for yourself.” he Mr Foot recalled that the s'econd,day for . a debate which said, "I have never used that Franks Report had recorded tvas already flagging yesterday, word.” Ancl he went on to point out that the 1,800 Falk- the comment of a British Many MPs regarded it as a landers represented less than a ambassador defining British tedious exercise in historical parish council in terms of policy on the Falkland Islands analysis rather than a contribu- numbers. before the invasion as “ a lion to the formulation of Mr Michael Foot, leader of general Micawberism.” That, future policy. '\ 'N-e ^'xeJy/\_ .. Anniversary plans for the By JENNY SHIELDS 3£K TIMOTHY RAISON, Minister for Overseas Development,, is likely to head a list of V I Ps at the Falkland Islands’ I50th anniversary celebrations next month. Also on the guest list arc Lord Shackleton who has prepared two reports on the islands’ economy, the first in 1976, and Lord Ruxlon. ITN HLJ| chairman, and his film-maker WMm daughter t Cindy. who was trapped in a remote part of §W' South Ceorgia by the Argen- IP' tine invasion. W_ Although Tan 5 was the | Falkland?’ 150lh anmversarv as a British Crown Colony, the celebrations have been post- ff poned until the last week in l! February because of the dis- if ruption caused by the invasion. U Mr Reginald Williams, assistant civil commissioner, said yesterday from Port Stanley: “By the time the week of celebrations starts on Feb 20 the farmers will have finished the sheep shearing and hopefully the -racecourse 'S&i K will have been repaired.” .J The Ministry of De*fcftce ’hds- I confirmed it will be responsible | for the guests' travelling f arrangements. Thfi.u’ patient, 83 a flies home ; FALKLANDBR Mrs Ethel * Ferguson, 83, was given a VIP send off when she left hospital for home today t after being flown to Britain & for an operation. Mi's Ferguson, who broke her hip in a fall, had to be treated in Britain because of limited hospital facilities in rj the Falklands. Medical aid, once available in Argentina, has stopped since the con flict. The little grey-haired grand mother, who was given a red carnation, waved to doc tors and nurses as she left the military hospital in Wrougton, Wiltshire, before her marathon RAF flight back to Port Stanley. “It has just been wonderful here,” she said. “It's such a nice friendly hospital.” i* i • i Peace signal out If- A\ . O : ■■ % ¥ e. ‘iff*.;. of Buenos Aires & A FTER a week of conflict- ..... in* the Swedish carao vessel ing reports about Argon* By TONY ALLEN-MILLS that tried to visit Argentina after delivering goods to the tine military intentions in the in Buenos Aires South Atlantic, the Foreign Falkland®. ; ^ Ministry in Buenos Aires has Swedish Embassy source* sgid lit issued a remarkably placa- the Linne, 5,551 tow’bMr'fefeB. toiy communique committing several conflicting points of refused permission :to JW[2S PI ArppnHna tn a nparpful solu- V1CW m the- “PPer echelons of Buenos Aires to take eri board - ^ the Buenos A^s ^«6me on a consignment of -fruitw for rf tion of the Falklands ques wbat strategy Argentina should Europe. • •- ! lion. ad2P.t !“ ®ritain to The Buenos Aires Who The ministry denied “ inter- negotiating table. arranged shipment is Ukid^T- 1 .• ratioual journalistic versions” Some hardliners evidently feel stood not to have realised that of a recent increase in military that Britain would soon tire of the Argentine port authorities I* activity, and said Argentina was being under constant military might not welcome aveswd. scrupously observing the de pressure in the Falklands even a non-British ship, that /iicto cessation of hostilities The Foreign Ministry seems had been delivering goods to currently in effect. to be convinced that a dipio- the FalkUnds. The communique continued: matic initiative with the sup- The Swedish Embassy said Argentina is firmly committed P°rl °f the* rest of the South the Linne put to sea again (o search for a peaceful solution American continent and the without incident after permis- to tee controversy over the Third Woric had the best sion to dock was refused* sovereignty of the Malvinas, ennnee. South' Georgia «nd the South Sandwich Inland-.-, in keeping Thalc: solute with the relevant U'so’Mtions of £40m runway the United Nai’k sue! the Other rnencan ccun* Organisation k.meriean tries ctz • : :o be opposed % State?, and win of to c •Eruptive out- for Falklands the Kon-Aligm-.- "'C.'LTUS. break ss in :he South The Ministry ierated Al‘a“t;' By Our Diplomatic Staff Argentina’s i . ..e readi- ' *c' -’-vi.;xustrys state- Flans to build a now runway ness to renew -> nations with ment ■ir,s'y nave been aimed at for the Falkland*, costing Britain. reassuring other governments ne*rty £40 nvilUon, which wW It said the sole oh,ect of the wJTfn the ?,Uow recent «.*, » Pros, Srf r"K ^ fee reports had neen to justify eressinn & Vjowrnu&eM eaai> next the huge O.-ilish) military *’"S“00' «“»*• But with Mrs. Thatcher re- presence in the South Atlantic solutely determined to give The new airstrip will either and London’s refusal lu nothing away as far as the Ckreplace , the ex istingc Port.. . negotiate.” Falklands are concerned, the Slan1^ ranway, or b* sited The moderate tune of the situation in the South Atlantic ne*r xttMoy setwment. An communique contrasted with remains tense, and it is not out extension 0l,. TunwAy at recent aggressive pronounce- of the question that the Argen- . be a complete nients by individual govern- tine military could once again iebuucimg project f* ment officials, notably Senor take matters into their own as a second awfield laid Martinez Vivot, the Defence hands. across the uat rock at Fitiroy. • Minister. Details began to emerge yes Th® P.oiSfed out There appears now to be terday of u new incident invoiv- 1“° advisability ot a civilian air port away from the military * operations at Port Stanley *• f***'f' I'vneri a aouadron af Pita atom * ' \ l fighter-bombers is based. .’ft ^5 / $ Wide-bodjed TriSUr jets vtfil All right for" l refuel Hercules transporters flying to tbe Falkland^ from O fi 11 Ascension Island. There - \ some in Stanley ■ . •*’ & I Britain with, stopover facilities 1 n a Falkland^, air link. 1 By PATRICK WATTS in Port Stanley 1. T3ic problems of supplying OMPLAINTS are begin- out of canvas by the time the. he Falklands by air and overall \ nina tn ho hoard about 'viator winds and snovy arrives, Foreign Office policy for the c ning o r a floating accommodation block, future of the islands were dis ■ t the living conditions of ;'h"0‘"CobaSiel,- was offieially cussed last week at a closed British troops on the Fa k- 0 d Uvo davs ago bv Mi- meeting of British Ambassadors lands, . particularly at the Jerry wiggin. Parliamentary from South America who fl$w contrast bf?tvveen the best Under Secretary for the Armed to London. and the worst. Forces. This will accommodate Sir Anthony Acland, head of A captain from the Royal about 1,000 men. the Diplomatic Service, presided CorpscondUions of Transport were ''simi claimedlar lob thateinfi doe^crc^in Aprif and^evcril | at the consultations. It was on$ of the regular meetings of the on exercise in Germany,” but ships at anchor in Stanley har- ambassadors held about every tben admitted that he personally hour provide bunks for several two years, but was of particular t had the luxury of living with a hundred Servicemen. ; importance this time in .view I family in-Pottin Port Stanley. \ non-commissioned officer of the growing urgency in ( He bad enough hot water for explained to me that there were London or settling the future I administration of the Falklands. a daily batfi; and the woman of video shows and films available t the house insisted on washing daily. Nevertheless fie felt as The present thinking in i his clothes. “ I try to pay but though he was “ returning to a Whitehall is that the Fnikknds ( she will not accept a penny,” prison every evening, must lose the cdonkl Manage said the captain contentedly. ]n the town of Stanley many which has drawn heavy attack On the other hand, troops at private houses are being rented in the United Naticas. Instead Ajax Bav have to walk about out to the military who con* tihe islands wlil probably to a mile once’a week to a lonelv tinually advertise on the radio turned Into some fesr-ui of pro farmhouse at “ Wreck Point ” for further space. There, are aO tectorate or associated ^Saie, in order to take their baths, troops living in one large house, with Bri&aia responsible for At one position at S.rn Carlos and 50 in n smaller building, defence and foreign affairs. troops have their daily drink- ].ood js plcntilul. M increascjiT^^P- ^ been an TJ> . i '• I Q?vx Atgerfaa I ) TJS team impress - From Jackson Diehl ««?ic rs« ^ r i SXSffSmghifinithat they would 0PPAdininis- KSyCar SU& » -» “ Mr Barnes, and Miss Barbara Siles I Nation3 to cerliiy ^g^^ina'^and Mikulski (Democrat, Wai> member of the thathuman said in Argentina snifessisVW; operation while tne »— rights conditions' Lefl Government remameo £emoc. appeared to hi £ early years i ? l"r ,n T< .fen I ^According 1° ^nrmufri? «« [ration ican^nnsa»S - hv 1 the dele0aUon, savely consider- under cons\d^_atioT1 0f Argen-1 l6tw to istratl0n-^Swithin the coming involve cerUfic £ where s ' jSShSrSf meemeetht the congres- tintinaa but not <*0*1*___ rights Virement of the progress <>" d in 'iongres- i Piously 1 ^e°pn0ft certifyingifving improvement iSSUes specified .i less clear. rights in Argentina^ sional 10 tification of Fro r’ afpk on human 1~ —Reaganu*e must de- However the“ ukely be in ft week, president\ certifications on Argentina would substantial aw La Pa/- 11 jVeu suchm, to congress for followed by any 0 sarales es l she leSrom- human rights to —d chile package of arms aiu Her ln other both ‘Vi? nnlitary aid and and could he ^n ^fore tbe m,iua V tnes. offic,als have The 5 rnu" p sales to those*- carter lon Post, taun nocratic , d during tne adds • Argentina haslshe o-\. pj ration, can he Reuter that it re* start for talks with stor; peaceful ing. ted a mg seaL;d of the Argentine t0 Work out a El deC1' military administration in a »,ution l0 thcdispu • look f MsImeetf^witbAmerican corres linet mon itions /r strai ’S. brought to boil for have Cocoa •V shots l autln the , o darted and some inci-t oo— he- Fla * Crowds pelted fit rep0rted during one ^• I »Cl• I J IIV- WV.UI 1 IVr I ^ -wiCihptcd to enter the lists a - r\> >1: uy. ib MKJi' 0 * r-. uthor » !-C* litical m acted lcnoias Snakespea \ last <3} iKLV&L&t^ j \\n( ? Co, The man who would be nt 1982 slips King (of Patagonia) cn at ss, he This century has rather cropped the Patagonia. My father always held- ’ four divinity which used to hedge a king. the title Prince of the Falklands to l any Today his touch is just as likely to assert this reclamation. But l really that transmit scrofula as to cure it, for we haven’t done anything about it.” ^ the know now wc are all made of the Though the flame he lit flickers same clay; also that, like cream-jugs on, Orelic did not rule for long. He ■mbi- and chamber pots, we tend to get minted some coins, he designed a Idrcn used for different purposes. Not flag, he was imprisoned and car, even a monarch is immune from the repatriated several times, and he <• ego, realities of modern life, “There’s a died in penury in a village near La ainst lot of unemployment in my Chcze. We followed the signposts to \ e. r. profession”, Albert I of the Belgians his tomb. In the graveyard, above .. uing once said, and royal. redundancies the inscription, there was an odd . and have been especially bad of late, looking crown. man with two world wars claiming the “The mason didn't have a model •vhen thrones of four emperors and 1 1 to go on so he used one from a pack the kings. According to the corpulent of cards, the King of Hearts. The; ssen- King Farouk, there will be only five actual crown was stolen about 20! ix of monarchies left by the year 200*0: the years ago.” As 1 paid my homage, I r the four kings in a pack of cards, and the asked Philippe Boiry if he felt it , ; and King of England. important to maintain the family o*l he Philippe Boiry, who runs a public tradition. “The answer is simple. 5 ry. relations firm, hopes to reverse the When a monarchy is set up. so are rung, trend. He is a monarch-in-waiting. A some rights which remain perma- ; whis- pleasant, precise Frenchman in his nent.” His two aims were to , ow it mid-fifties, he sports a grey mous disseminate the history of his 1 rward tache and smokes a pipe. As \thc dynasty, and to fight for the rights of *ck on hereditary Prince of Araucania-:(in the Indians who remain in that part | out a southern Chile) and Patagonia, he is of South America. He has never yet alien heir to a kingdom five times the size been to the area, but says he is still enfold of France - a kingdom, more recognized there and recently re i brace. interestingly, which includes the ceived a letter of tribute from the Is the Falkland Islands. main Argentine tribal leaders. Not kes off. A few days after the Task Force long ago he discovered some slicks : vn sign sailed I visited his small chateau of of maize beside Orclic's mossy ’n that La Chczc in Pcrigord, the birthplace tomb, and a mesage in Indian with voyager of the first King. Orelie-Antoinc de the words: “Don't forget us.” X shall be Touncns. Anticipating my scepti There is little fear of that. In the shall be cism the current claimant had evening I attended a reception in his produced some impressive docu- honour along with members of his I ments: the original constitution, court in exile.“It*is hard to make is the letters of appreciation from Pcron, decisions alone.” he confessed, ** ou nters Franco, Allendc and Eisenhower, engulfed in pipe smoke. The men he ascribes and a copy of the national anthem, relied on were an eccentric bunch , ^ )f both composed in 1864. which he hoped who carried Araucanian titles like of the to have recorded. How, though, had the Maquis de Qucilcn-Cura. ndeed, it all began? Obviously a lot of money had been / as any “Orclie’s ambition”, the Prince spent oniimedals; the Chancellor of : explained, “was to set up a the kingdom was Christmas-treed •cpt ye monarchy in South America. As a with them: He wore silver cuff-links me as lawyer he confirmed that Araucania with Philippe’s face (“only ten have t enter was independent from Chile and these”), a large Order of the cavcn. Patagonia did not belong to Southern X?r<5*ss (“only thirty have hum Argentina - these regions, you sec, these”) atid^a tie-pin (“only three id. the were inhabited by Indians who had have ihcs&W lgdom never submitted either to the Needier *'io say the Falklands ' shall Spanish or the Creole republics formed a largq;lopic of conversation. in my which followed. In 1860 he entered After a loaslj;tp the Prince, and to : V vhoso the territory, where he was accepted “L’Arauqaniefivlibre”, I was taken r little and elected King. The amazing thing aside by another member of the • were is how a white man could persuade court. He was, he explained, a > stone these natives to elect him.” I had to cousin of the Comte de Bougain- > , and agree. “Well, there was a tradition villc, a descendant of the first settler ! the dating back to the Aztec and Inca on the Falklands. He had, he said, ! eras according to which a white man the only solution to the problem. > • for would come and liberate the Indians Philippe had to go out, raise his ture from their Spanish oppressors.” white, blue and green flag and toss a ensc Looking at the map on the wall I coin on an annual basis as to who >*; noticed beneath a clutch of familiar would govern. {l ition • if ; the islands, the words: “Parts of the The trouble was, he meant it. ment kingdom occupied by foreigners but claimed for the kingdom for Philippe Boiry is among the subjects : %' ill the of a BBC) Documentary next j!? )ition. geopolitical reasons”. The Prince elaborated: “They are the natural Wednesday called “The Men who ' I to us. would be King". extension of the Andes, gcographi- iicd. 1983 cally speaking, and therefore of © Times Newspapers Limits*, 1983 / V ■ y**L' .TETPFERSTOTHE E .r •’.34 $QSI ■ Lessons for the future over past Falklands dilemma Consumers still From Mr E H. St G. Moss and is far from self-evidently mav vindicate the Government. unprotected Sir, You write (leading article, Jus'ifl«d- , . . r History will not do the same. January 19) that '•Successive Perhaps there are lessons here for Yours faithfully, From Professor R. M. Goode governments wanted to give away *1C futurc- R. EDEY, Sir, Next. year will, see the lapse.t fhe Falkland islands, but could not Yours faithfully. 1 18 Sandgate High Street, decade since the enactment ven- find how to do so without stubbing E H. St G. MOSS. . Sandgate. C°"STf£A i' h'J? not and their toes on the boulders of the -9 Guildown Avenue, Folkestone, par Ahnnt every six ailed British democratic tradition”. This Guildford, Kent. ^roug c nr- thp' r 1074 the ac- is one. not unreasonable, way of Surrey. January 20. of Tr«df and ftrsl Puui,n8il-, A"°!'’frp'VBn,TLdoveCrn° ^ " From DameAlix Meyncll predecessors have announced their :ner- Vhat ments recognized that the British From Sir Duncan Watson Sir No doubt we can maintain the i me mi on to lay regulations conce J war, .,national interest would be best sir As one who, for a while, shared Falkland islands against attack by . JP & crcdll aprcCments Every only lrserved by relinquishing the Falk- parl ofthc responsibility for keeping n ^/ wM happent The'1 lime they have failed to do so, with glands commitment, but they were balance on that tricky tightrope over B 11 v,l\al ^ 'r .StILv h°av^ J "J one excuse after another consul- ^prevented from doing to because the lhc Falkland islands may 1 . through islanders way of life They have I, > - f Government, it is “right" of 1.800 Falkland islanders vou pray lhal in lhe debate on the understand, been accustomed to rely , tat.on change ot Change of' is de .to keep the territory under British 'Franks rcport Parliament may find OIL Ar&eI*l,na *or a l lhc; gra^_"°^s * £ • f, chaneeofmind lSlSt- Jvcrc.gu.y, If .hey so wished, was ,ls way 10Pdiscuss the issue for what o hfe from hospitals to boarding- m-«eGudgmen. wouid Govern- stern Regarded as paramount. lt 1S _ an intractable problem that ^cnoois, to tncaircs ana snopping. j & nrivale-sector from '•"“This did no. flow from the faccs our nation and has done so for and these can hardly be replaced mem pself pass on Pn™”'ntly bjec- application of any accepted principle a !ong umc as successive govern- 'rom 8,000 mdcs away ... 8 ■ own Pshort-term as- S!!anSaif nowT much' mo°r°e - ~m. tion. ±^«ro.tr^ ““ 0f ,he Ar8Cn"ne CdublLsX,ngStoHd » conFs°urmerfLvaendbecan « raFs him lTtcr “required "to ‘nTakFa Vlcr '^nUing' p^icularlv of those The life of the large Engl,sh ».<*£; ^at^rharnemres^ the patriotic sacrifice) - though demon- who. after wc fell oil the tightrope. •" ^"^1,01^1^0 s 'he emotivi'' granting institutions have had their the .siles TStpFs »»” »»“r“ Bauusausdtxsxrjrjsvrt ;ome esssp? “ ss.» sws. sjsc msu» ssas >n ol Fo=.eo’fpresr^ ^ TdSSAfA *>, its at it by the l the i the day. appealing to national pride. lake some time and who knows what ^ theirs ml he o,ag term tulure percentage rate of charge .and probably supported by many n Government may be in power when on'> ldc> wa“, ,0 an calculated in accordance with chez Iwtai°y°havcTcfeatedd next it comes to the crunch. agrccmcn, ,0 transfer sovereignty regulations made.under the Act. On^F" urse, ^crtaini> naxcacicaieaii. Yours faithfully, Jr. os V£.ars* hence followed bv a the other hand, there being as yet nc» own •Yeflcctcdwhat would ha^ been the DUNCAN WATSON, icase'-back agreemeni for another 25 -regulations as to the content of theV. . bul ^ciicticci wnat ouia na C o Sconce, vr.,rs ,hus |cavme the present loan agreement itself, this is stilllEJ> ■and 4nd1Cpcoplf Bm fhere i little Steels Lane, generation of islanders time to live required to conform to the Money-^f norc evidenceThat iruhe years following ?xshou- out their 'lives there or move (/.lenders Act 1927, which prescribes .*.§ )t in evidence tnat in me scars ioiio g Surrey. .k(,.v|.[,rp-> . an entirely diflcrenl rate formula, so i rt of ••fared VnC ilf fulfTmp'ii'cations and JanUary 19 It should surely be possible for -.'.That the rate staled in the agreement >1 ome dcarlv put to he naion by any two Christian and civilised countries may bear no resemblance to that' our ■ government or political partv If U From Mr R. Edey to agree together on some such staled ,n the advertisement Yet the That had. what would the national Sir. In 1981 the Falkland islanders terms and thereafter to normalise Consumer Credit Act makes it an king reaction have been*' rejected the lease-back arrangement relations between us. the Falkland- ^offence to publish false or mislead- s. We do not know and never shall, put to them by the Government. In ers and t,hc Argentine mainland. ing advertisements. But. Whatever the answer might view of the fact that the islanders Yours faithfully. ' "'It'afdccided to caU in all the Nato have been, we should not deceive wishes were to be paramount, ALIX MEYNELL, drev^ ewthe draft regulations is to ourselves about what happened in serious negotiations to introduce a The Grey House, a l For tow I h ?“°"Sry?t r of the event. The Argentines, irralio- lease-back arrangement with the Barn Street, far^ ntnen ^p eoTed “o ha&l ng is nallv. criminally, but not altogether Argentinians could not be meaning- Lavenham, W rated bF the inertia not unprcdictably. launched an in- ful. They were never intended to Sudbury, frustrated o> tne inertia and •n his vasion. The Government had no come to fruition. Suffolk. Vacillation ol the department re- rrand option but to respond. The Armed lt should have been realised that January 20. sponsible for implementing its Forces, taking enormous risks and at the Argentinians could not be stalled _ tjegislaiion ? ith a Yours faithfully, \ an considerable cost, heroically re- indefinitely by spurious talks and From Mr Andrew Moberlv ‘conquered the islands. Fortune, this that sooner or later they would lose „ , . . . , . . R. M. GOODE, tout time favoured the brave. But we patience and be prepared to take the Sir, Surely it is time that the Centre for Commercial Law Studies mi- now have for the indefinite future an islands by force unless deterred from Government, having been bold Queen Mary College enough to go to war to save a 339 Mile End Road, El. *cn cxtremelv expensive additional doing so by superior countcr-lorcc. worthwhile principle, now took the January 17. nd defence commitment, which parado- Had this been done war would not equally bold step of disposing of a xicallv is a major political liability to have ensued. The fact is it could and worthless and expensive millstone. the position of the West in Latin should have been prevented The “Fortress Falklands” may be the America islands should have been defended Flatford at risk All this on the basis of a theory of against invasion from the moment it ^?;nr"puotpo,icy> bul 11 ,s « the paramountcy of the wishes of became clear that the wishes of the Yours faithfully §MF» John Constable (January 14) 1 800 islanders which docs not seem islanders left no room (or political ANDREW MOBERLY. concludes that F.atford _is a prime to have been formally debated as a manoeuvre with the Argentinians, example of the need for careful matter of principle (lei alone applied Fortress Falklands has become a 38 Lingficld Road, SW19. legislation if its beauty is to be i 4elsewhere, eg, over Diego Garcia) .reality loonlate. „The Franks report JanpAfy 19 protected. Let me hasten to assure / , <■' t 1 - • • I ------, , , ... hint and your other readers that the constituency showed that 1 dealt SufToIk County Council and other Tassino destruction Speechless MPs with over 3,000 leltcis during the joca| planning authorities are well From the Chancellor of the previous year and attended more avvarc 0f ihe gap in the present ’ Tuker than 500 meetings, both inside and legislation which permits the con- * j: oo l0 Exchequer 1 was dismayed to sec your back outside the House. struction of “agricultural reservoirs” on Tuesday (January On December 3, I98_, 1 had to without the need for a specific nrotest to the Speaker al not being ninnning Permission in most cir- >: ______nf mv mnnv nllcmnK 1 m 23 JANUARY 1983 •••'. ' ' The Franks report: was the government really blameless over the Falklands? rHE SEEKER after truth needs to read between the lines of the Franks report as well as the lines themselves. For the conclusion - that the committee does not feel justified in t 'Tt thjj absence of defence committee meetings was most criticising or blaming the present government for the odd. ‘Officials,” the report says, “were looking to ministers Argentine aggression against the Falklands - is in striking to review the outcome of the contingency planning they had contrast with many details revealed in the body of the done. That they were disappointed can only be read as a ofPihe Vnn!uCtHFrmkS Su0Uld be seen as not just a" account serious criticism of the judgment of the person directly and tA ° ' MrkThd,S,?fL-lr' but as 3 piece of damaSing evidence THE SUNDAY TIMES ultimately responsible for the defence committee: the prime about Mrs Thatcher s personal style of leadership ■BaaBB BWBmI B minister. i rhere ,s no doubting the dilemma (the word occurs again Lord Carrington, one of the most popular and successful 1 0 and again in the report) which faced successive British toreign secretaries for many years, is accused by Franks of j gpvcrnments over the Falklands. This consisted of the fact two major errors of judgment. The first was to reject a plan 1 j“* eaf* Sldc~ London and Buenos Aires - held y his junior minister, Mr Ridley, to educate public opinion 5 irreconcilable views. Argentina, rightly or wrongly, firmly both in the Falklands and in Britain about the dangers of i lxlie\ed aad still does believe that its claim to sovereignty ett tailing to negotiate a settlement with Argentina, and the k o\er the Falkland Islands is absolute. Successive British positive advantages to be gained from a scheme of lease governments, while ready intermittently to broach the uY 0 back. This decision effectively left Britain with no question of sovereignty with Argentina, have never J negotiating policies. As the British ambassador in Buenos * departed from the principle that any solution must have the Aires put it in a telling phrase, this meant that all that was • ! consent of the islanders. left of British policy was “a general Micawberism” Franks I The word paramountcy. with which Mrs Thalcher made U W B 0 ^ W of itTeffecl'^ Carring,0n arrived at this decisi°"- and % invention own°K Treslatemem ofVlong" redSc.Tori'nTrit'aln's'commitmenl wLTSw * fanf\?he WOtCh must make contingency plans.” nYfCa™ngton himself was hamstrung by the commit- ' X standing commitment. Franks was no. asked to say whether this prediction was borne out he pleaded ieam ^ M f ^ 00 promp> response 10 ,hls udeed ,n,he’s,anders- and by what b' this was a wise or feasible commitment. (If he had been he John Non the defence secretary forthesh,n ^ Mr cgh m'nlsl,cnal directive. But the truth is that since Jadged to be the opposition within the cabinet and in the might have commented that a similar pledge was noticeably service, suggesting a discussion NosThdkePT Sep,cmber 14- l98>- 'he chiefs of staff had had a paper lj°use of Commons to any such policy. Tory hawks were untorlhconung to the wretched denizens of Diego Garcia^ As the crisis drew towards a climax in ! " cnsafd- read>' whlch outlined the military options open in the event p! 1 'ncensed about what they saw as a Carrington sell-out in >1 Add to this two-sided dilemma a third element ihc vear. the prime $ ^tr****^ of ArSen"nian aggression. This paper could have been Rh?des,a: and there 15 sood reason to think, though Franks reluctance, hardening into refusal, of the islanders to telegram from Buenos Aires in earlv i os?gerS' °n 3 considered at any time by the defence committee, but no ™~es"° referenceto this that Carrington had initially had i contemplate a change in their status, and the result was a a newspaperan“clc which araued th^ r^ r ' W? SUCh mee,lng 10 discuss ,he Falklands wa* called. ^i"**™!3*"* ,Mrs ThatCher t0 address herself at dangerously intractable situation. 35 3 P P Wh,Ch argUCd lhe Case for seiz,n? lhe There is no doubt that Franks thinks as well he should al'Tu Falk'ands problem’ , The officials at the Foreign Office, and I nrd rarrin.,„„______The second_ error occurred at a vital Foreign Office the toreign secretary, were well aware of its DotenfiallO mam«■& meeting on March 5. 1982. Here the foreign secretary, explosive nature. Indeed, one thing that emeries clear v informed of the Labour government’s decision in 1977, at a from the report is that the much-maligned Foreien Office I ,__ , ,___^ ‘,me of Anglo-Argentine tension, to send a small naval task i often accused of wishing to “give away the Falklands” vs-,: ' r°rce 10 the Falklands area, decided not to pursue the guilty of no such thing. Between the moment when the matter- d,d npt recommend to ministers at the Conservative government took office in Mav T979 and XX meeting that they should consider a naval deployment.” j February. 1982. Lord Carrington sent members of the ^ Why not? !t is at least arguable and Franks argues it, that ttefence committee nine minutes on the Falklands The first the dcspalch of sucb a force- 31 the same time as a warning economic development of the our negotiating position with deal w,th the failure of 43S< sMss,Bfsas» trasr; nsrarrs islands will remain stultified; Argentina. But any course of governments to tackle this and Britain will be saddled action would have been fundamental nlllm r. . . deemed 'ur'me^thm f°r ?°melimc «he invasion. For the moment, therefore. X™,l»SnT, m“‘T !Cf”t ." .d m n,"“ “ ar'S ef™i^nrminister'^New J^"8, of Ihc round. Bui. country wc lend to think that would not reSct wilhforce"^ move man military resources: The fate of the l°“s; !l records 1,131 m m,d- York laier in the month and to \ °d "1porlanl- HMG never ^hcr people act as vve do and conviction based on ihcir view ease up at all on the mflfin™ succeed(u) No unlesTihe’Arpem" ,eaSeback Option cd‘ ,haf o^y Tas, bt hef®”1 the Argemmiinswerc j ^ h. has'always* been'ihe of ihe.r "own “bSi H^S'woV'Wem'^ oTtTTJLdl "iT mans get some satisfaction on the problem would have been an^ducatlo^^am^'^ ^ l°l m3ke conslruclive pressingfoTchanges3 and^0" havc^'ofte'r^' been ^kd' 7° C.°U,d or» wou,d resP°nd in Argentinians who ^have sovereignty; and while British solved years ago: and when in both ni e , , . who hale UmXo shek m mismdgmems afov^Cz^ lh‘* ^ „ brought about a fortress in the governments of both parties the end the talks collapsed as and ai linme" i ? report draws the con- ihe status quo k choslovakia in’1967 Khnmv From the talks he had had Falklands by making the place have accepted the possibility they were bound to do if C h elusion that the ellect of this Usqua niandA^hanisnn mioio ?,lh lhc'Junla in BucnosAires a battlefield. 8 P ol a sovereignty negotiation sovereignty was not included, rhn ,|1Pr<, g n * c0nvmccd decision uas to pass the • I have one other personal Let me in mssmo PYn , ^ durmgthcshuitle, Haig had de- . . involving, for instance, lease- the true reason for the cHt.no , s no piospcct ol initiative to the Argentinian comment on the report, which doubt wheihVr r cxprc;ss 3 duced. so lie tells me, that they . 1 do not think, however, back, this has not’ been breakdown was burked in the eaher8 n^ TTT"1” Now 1 do Plausibility of fcrSency deeded upon attack some we should underestimate « acceptable to the islanders or ugly rush to find a scapegoat. j10mc deruWl i d lhmk l,iat international aft- Franks s judgment that insuf- redressed bv new michin^ l,me in advance and that the Jhc international d/fticuilics to opinion on either side of the Nor is it surprising that the 7 no ‘t on 1n/,. Seplembcr «,rs c«n be conducted on the ficienl allowance was made for Focwino « Ti ^ SCrap merchanls were d.s- *hat ,,e ahead 'or us. The House ot Commons. Finger of blame was pointed at neon hm m lhJS course°f basis only of formal proposals; the possibility ol Argentina's responsibifitv n f SVl? guiscd service personnel deli- Europeans will be providing action, but to discuss the there has to be informal military government acting oTl, h plh Bnl,sh berately sent to South Georgia lbc Argentinians with plenty Hnpc nrii 1'r C cranks report as agents provocateurs. of the most modern arms — fhi not, of course, analyse includmg exoects. Washington the role ol the US government &, .. . will be fortifvine relatione ®UsS*B*^ 7 whetl’er the invasion might NO diplomatic With Buenos A,res We will be NEmm faW # have been prevented had mOV0 is fea«sihfp l,ndcr Pressure from our ill m Washington acted differently. TeaSIDie Community partners and ere are, to be sure, some This does not tally wih the from the USA to negotiate At interesting relcrenees on the Franks view that the decision lhe non-aligned summit due reidd© simp!]© ty key factors. subject. 1 he report states that to invade was a last-minute lo be held in New Delhi in the wnen on March 31 I outlined one and that the incident of sPrm8 and at the next United COMMUNICATIONS to Mr Haig the intelligence the scrap-merchants was Nal,ons general assembly we Internal - No site in Newport is more than -jiTieS A totalof450acres is available. reports on Argentina’s inten- seized on to escalate the musl expect awkward resol- Birmingham O ja>©qj ten minutes from a motorway, railway or dock. MAIN RAIL LINKS Factory, storage and office facilities from 750 to nons to invade, he had been situation rather than the first- Lll,ons calling for renewed 40,000 square feet. OR undeveloped plots from unaware of their significance, stage of a scenario leading to negotiations. It will no doubt Read - London is just two and a half hours MOTORWAYS down the M4. Bristol is half an hour away, and /? to 24 acres Private and Council developments this account hardly does the invasion of the Falklands be pointed out that HMG has I the M50 North/South connection is fifteen' are constantly in progress. Rents are extremely justice to the extraordinary Haig thinks that the Argen- gone about the world for years minutes from central Newport. low in comparison with other conurbations. meeting we had. Having linians may have rccevcd false urSmg everyone to settle Rail - Newport is just'93 minutes from discussed the episode with signals from Washington differences by negotiations Paddington, 111 minutes from New Street AID A full time Industrial Development mm this Iasi week, I know that about their attitude in the and we can expect to be asked Birmingham. NEWPORT team offers a unique blend of business skills. And lie will not mind if I record event of invasion, though 10 Follow our own advice, here that his reaction to my certain)v not from him He h ic nr ^ , Air - From Rhoose airport you can fly local knowledge about site availability, planning mformationwnsd^ric. thinks ihai the confusion of eal 10 L i L«!Ch ‘,00 clearance, finance, health and safety details. i d/rea to Amsterdam and most UK centres. The high-ranking officials signals may have become form the negotiations^ mi’im Heathrow is a consistent two hours drive. Newport is a Development Area. This means that there are numerous opportunities who were with him remained more pronounced after the lake or whm kS T ghl Sea - We have container facilities, plus sceptical about the threat, invasion than before. He is AlthouRh I regular import/export links around the world. They had just had an assur- convinced. I should add, that role now whatever 3 F •< A. At, irsa EB E3 gm PEOPLE The people you take will like ance from the Argentinian without his efforts at nego- that in some w™ m ™ 0 For a 16 Pa9? colour brochure ring Gareth Isaac n Foreign Minister that the nations in the shuttle between stage the problem ^ Newport. There's superb countryside to live in Argentinians were not con- Washington/London/Buenos be imerSn^ised Othe? not just visit. And all the other things that make Exeter A *T~. - & y , i ' 7^ jubinfosq^ sem I sau.,—^ . OU 3AEH I ’HOAX SE m\ UIOJJ . T jMMsVqf pBq OW'XHxGTxT^r d0U3 I» •UBLUSSIBIS Wr . N 5 _- 7 . . (mm pggt\lll AVQNHS 3H1 »•»*■••» -{V*» • ~ ¥ •a- «? PAGE 13 ,: ».i , >• 5-:i 4 o'- ■ Daily Mail, Monday, january 17, 1983 1 Spy men shake-up the Joint Together with criticism of the Britain probably could not have pre the Argentine threat on Foreign Office over the handling of A MAJOR shake-up in Bri vented the islands’ invasion because Intelligence Committee. , talks with Argentina last February, tain’s Intelligence network is the final Argentino decision was The committee, which Foreign Office Minister Richard likely to be the main recom taken only a fow days boforo the heads of civil and military intern Luce, who resigned with Lord Car attack. genco agencies and various cmeis rington, is blamed for the appar- mendation of the Franks of staff, will be accused of failing to Mrs Thatcher will emerge with u Buenos ent lack of understanding of the Committee report on the Falk- her reputation intact and there will read the alarm signals from signs of increasing belligerence. lands crisis. be little ammunition for Opposition Aries. The Ministry of Defence also It will be Lord Franks’s team will call for loaders to fire at her and her More significantly. - . -in. faces criticism for the strength of big changes in the way top-levol colleagues. accused of failing to predict an in Its fight to withdraw the ice-breaker vasion even after Argentine com- intelligence is gathered, processed As expected, the report, to be pub South HMS Endurance, from the Soutn and laid before the Cabinet. lished tomorrow lays the main blame niandos had landed Atlantic to cut costs. But its overall conclusion is that for the failure to alert Ministers to Georgia. This was wiltely se,n,K! was not committed to retaining the Mrs Thatcher ... no blame Falklands. Labour leader Michael Foot made it clear yesterday he will has claimed he sent off two frigates and a submarine to deal with a threat in 1977. that I think it better to get rid of By ROBERT PORTER the uncertainty.’ bitterly PDeaded The Prime Minister was Political Correspondent Labour’s But Mr Callaghan's initla- critical of Of the pound, tiva Is played down In the drastic devaluation had on panic which raises doubts as MRS THATCHER said and the effect this If wheThTr the Argentines yesterday that she does knew British ships were there. MRS THATCHER told Falk- not want an early elec nrnblemsthat they were ready anciPre- •anders they were ‘preaching tion. to the converted’ when they Minister’s personal preference, all freely I do not want an early elec- oleaded with her not to nego But she conceded that ‘un options were open and there could tion—tout I am not going to close tiate with Argentina over certainty’ could affect the be an election any time between any options. sovereignty. this June and spring next year. ‘There comes a time when uncer- She told Tory trade union Government’s performance— Mrs Thatcher, speaking on Lon- tainty can tell, and it can affect the UnSe“nofse?retaJy Michael Hesd- and if that happened she ists in Bristol at the weekend don Weekend Television's Weekend current Government’s performance. tino said last night that disari the islanders told her they might go to the country ahead World, said she was too busy fulfill- At such times, one has to consider ing.her programme to have thought what is the best date for a General wanted a better life for their of time. abou't an election date yet. - Election. children which would be a The view in Westminster last ‘My personal preference is to run ‘It may be in the face of that we memorial to those who died. I night was that desDite the Prime the whole way” she said. ‘I admit shall run the whole way. It may be power in Britain By GORDON GREIG and ROBERT PORTER eign Office and Intelligence experts Is caned for not responding swiftly enough THE Franks Commit to a sudden chill in the diplomatic climate In Bueno? Aires. Mrs Thatchecite expected to announce tee cleared the British next week a shake-up in the way the Cabinet’s intelligence-gathering machine Government yesterday is run. In the Commons yesterday she made over the Argentine It quite clear that the union jack will fly over the Falklands for the foreseeable junta’s invasion of the future. At one point she exclaimed : ‘We have no option but fortress Falklands, If we Falkland Islands. are to continue—and I believe we should —to honour the wishes of the Falklandere Mrs Thatcher and her Min themselves.' isters could not have been The 106-page report gives the Opposi expected to foresee the invasion tion remarkably little to bite on In its scrutiny of the Falklands story. nor could they have prevented But one of the most astonishing dis it. closures Is that Lord Carrington"! authority at the Foreign Office was so That is the verdict of the indepen unchallenged that the Cabinet did not dent committee after a six-month discuss the Falklands question from January 1981 until the day before Argen tine troops went ashore at Port Stanley. Warning Lord Carrington-' kept , the . subject tightly in his own grip and, apart'from investigation into Whitehall archives a series of minutes he circulated to Mrs Thatcher and other colleagues, the Falk and intelligence reports and vigorous lands were never formally on a Cabinet questioning of the individuals con- agenda. cerned. Would it have made any difference if Merlyr? I'eTs^TorV they had been ? Franks suggests that ‘it could have been advantageous for every one to have got together.' But in the last weeks there was only fe ™ae.eaMi af „ SSeedWlS one moment—fjn March 3, still with Plans to counter ArgEentirnoCtStlnlency time to act—wfteii'Ahere v%as a flurry of Secretary until this njjjnth s Cabinet re alarm about Argentina’s intentions. It the Falklands long befoleethoreHats t0 signal to the Argentines, convincing them involved two women. was apparent to most o?hers danger shuffle, when He was knighted. that Britain's commitment to the There are criticisms of Lord Carring Falklands was weakening. The Franks In MontevI&^/Jttie British Ambassa Lord Carrington^lfo rp^rsal)01 fortune' ton on specific questions but there is no Committee reveals how Lord Carrington dor to Uruguav, Miss Patricia Hutchin- Secretary ^r ’ what h?ed a? ForeI&n judgment that he or any other central and the Foreign Office fought the m. telegraitfiyieft’ * a warning that figure failed in their duty Endurance decision while Mr Nott and Argentina might .t^ke military action. SiKon- The .major criticism of the Govern- his Defence team wanted the ship And in Downing Street, Mrs Thatcher ^erAhaatnchJe°rhn N°M' °ut ment is over its decision to scrap the ice scrapped. saw another telegram which alerted her T3 to 7 S'g=:§i?S^SS.S.2-s|pS^g^5^ Sgfc^- .g 5jg5f5S-°2-S ■§ £ .a 3 ®s ;vi cs^g«r§1?II1*18p|i"I|aI ^fiOJi!!0 "fall l^Wali-I^^f s | ! 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The Prime Minister is ap- SS'SWS > parently determined to act - >'■ / following the Franks Inqujgp^ : iharp criticism of the wa ' e^ ; i Joint Intelligence mad iry n ; ■ ' reacted to the Falklands crisis. r »« Franks makes two principal sug P:W gestions which the Prime Minister is r iffm ready to accept: m ms L There should he an Immediate ' m- review of the workings of the Joint el mmit: j w Intelligence Organisation, whicli' liv*-" based on the Cabinet Office and •dvlses Ministers and their officials on the basis of intelligence and diplo &Li matic reports. 1 The Joint Intelligence Committee, HMS 'Endurance on patrol in the South Atlantic The South Georgia whaling station where Which brings together the security and intelligence agencies, the Foreign Joint Intelligence Committee assess before the invasion Whitehall had no Office, Defence Ministry and Treasury, ments over the past two decades. Intelligence cover on military move fhould be chaired by someone appoin In the late Sixties, annual JIC ments inside Argentina. 6 ted by the Prime Minister. The assessments suggested that military There was no intelligence from chairman should work from the action by Argentina over the Falk- American sources—or any other Cablnet Office, not the Foreign Office lands was ‘unlikely'. . source—to show that the Argentine A mistake aa at present. - ,v -.In:.the early''1970s, the assessment Navy at sea intended any more than The Franks Report’s main criticism 'was' that‘direct military action could naval exercises. ti that the Falklands—and AxHatina actually be ’discounted,’ but towards And Franks stresses : 'If, as we be --were considered a low priority the end of 1973, it was that that lieve, the decision to Invade was ksue and that there was Inadequate Argentina's attitude was ’hardening', taken by the junta at a very late liaison between the agencies con- In 1974- the JIC assessment was stage, the intelligence agencies couid •emed. that ‘adventurist’ operations by Endurance not have been expected to provide 'We are concerned here with the ^entina were ‘more likely’ - in earlier warning of the actual invasion fcfects in thp Tnint- other words, unofficial occupation lands . . . ••fects m the Joint Intelligence without the fuii authority of the on 2 April.’ comfort to But the report adds : 'It might have . : Argentine Government. The d been possible to give some warning : >1- A. A HE Government yas In 1975, the JIC prepared a new Endurance of the military preparations preceding wrong to announce of Royal ] assessment v hich warned that a the invasion if there had been direct planned invasion could not be wholly the withdrawal/ of Defence R coverage of military movements pulled out ruled out. within Argentina.’ HMS E n d u r ain c e But most enlightening was the But on J assessment of July 9, 1981. from the Sc/uth pressed Jg. Less than a year before the inva British torpedo on Atlantic, says the vice, warr The Argentine cruiser General Belgrano, sunk by c April 25, with the loss of 348 lives would be s sion, the JIC reported, in the words report. of the Franks Report, that ‘there was There was gloom in the intelli and Argen H gence Organisation, which puts and the CIA, and finally, signals and need dozens of operatives in the field ernment n no sign of 'dimUmtion in Argentina’s, , verseas and Defence Com- satellite intelligence provided, for gence world last night that they But an even bigger mistake was Assessment Staff to work on intelli Defence Secretary John Nott’s fending th determination^eventually to extend its i mittee of the Cabinet, gence reports coming into Whitehall example, by the Government Com are again being blamed for a lapse SatelUteS D6r' refusal sovereignty nver th6 Falkland Islands - | chaired by the Prime munications HQ. —this time in failing to get and —even under pressure from foreign On June from all over the world. The Secretary Lord Carrington—to Ireverse Whitehall area, but that it would prefer to I Minister, is at the top or The JIO oversees Current intelli The chairman of the JIC before assess information, rather than for Tnfoin °?cials working for the Joint achieve this 'objective by peaceful £ the Intelligence informa- letting it leak. ti?enc6 Organisation who must that decision. was inforn gence Groups — based on regions the Falklands invasion when not be rev means and would turn to forcible I tion ladder. around the world. The Latin Intelligence assessments were vital— The security agencies and military ? on V^°fU?h the masses of informa- The reason; it gave Argfoitine’s action only as a last resort.’ One step down is the 10nnffnt 111 to them arsue that they military rulers the impression that When t America group will have been respon was Sir Antony Acland. He has intelligence organisations who are Councils 1 SIR ANTONY ACLAND In March 1982—one month before Joint Intelligence Com sible for Argentina. since been appointed head of the actually collect the information CEen, given too much unimportant the British Government was ready to the Invasion—it was decided that mittee, which works out of the Cab claim that they have always been anni* T,hlch is sent up to them abandon its commitment to defend and then s Former intelligence Chief These groups pull together reports Diplomatic service. rington se there should be a new assessment of inet Office. Its job is to assess reports drawn principally from five sources : His successor — who was in the starved of sufficient cash to do their apparently to justify the existence of the Falklands. \ machinery as we have seen It work- Argentina’s threats. Work was started and advise Ministers and senior Job properly, especially in a large Falkland military intelligence, diplomatic chair at the time of the Invasion — beheevpg?iherin’g agency. And they This Is the Franks Inquiry’s qiear- strongest in# in an area of low priority ... we on it, but was never completed. . . . officials. sources, open sources such as news is one-time ambassador Patrlck country such as Argentina where to that it would take a near- cut verdict on Endurance, the\ ice believe that, in dealing with Argen Franks points out that immediately Below the JIC is the Joint Intelli- papers, security sources such as M18 check up on military moves would nrniUS,i Working in the stress of war, draw HM' Wright. p operiy to interpret every nuance. .skiP which became a svmbol ’They tina and the Falkland Islands, it was or British sovereignty over the Faik- o passive in operation to respond that Brits Quickly and critically to a rapidly Changing situation which demanded Iffgent attention.’ Franks complains that the Joint Intelligence Organisation failed to review developments in the final months before ihe April invasion last Countd year. *We were surprised that events In our task required us to focus ex- Erora Page 19 Argentina as evidence of a decreas all the circumstances at the time.’ economic and diplomatic measures. second visit in March 1982. Ministers deterrent etc the first three months of 1982 . . . did ing BritlsYi commitment to tVie dc- clusively on the Government’s lence ol the ISlanOu, however BUonu\v adds cuttingly : ‘In the event ‘Sufficient allowance was not mad would have been better able to deal diplomatic 1 not prompt the Joint Intelligence Office pointed out that white the tnsit commitment was publicly noF.'Tn'&to be a misjudgment, but for the possibility of Argentina responsibilities for the Falkland with the landing on South Georgia tingency pi? Organisation to assess the situation evidence of Argentine Intentions to milltary Government, subject to ll Islands and the Dependencies, asserted.’ should be attached'to any tern when it occurred.’ One issui •treslx attack the next day was highly sug The report stresses other signals lai political and economl whereas those concerned, both The Report focuses on three pressures, acting unpredictably if Ministers and officials, had to deal The biggest target for criticism is ance is cl “We consider that the assessment gestive it was not yet entirely con casting doubt on British intentions. a assessment that machinery should be reviewed . . . Important factors in the misjudg- any time they became frustrated a with many other major and pressing the Ministry of Defence. Committee clusive and diplomatic action was ‘These included the Government’s ment: the course 0f negotiations. preoccupations.’ would not The decision to order the first officials pu we think it should look at two being taken to prevent an attack.’ preparedness subject to certain res The action before rnpects in particular. Tne first is the 'First in underestimating the July 1981 intelligenc One significant assessment is on nuclear-powered submarine to sail own to get Franks highlights the Insidious trictions to continue arms sales to assessment had warned that in thos the conduct of Ministers and officials and economic was taken on Monday, March 29 — less of Min arrangements for bringing to the danger brought about by the way Argentina (and to provide training importance that Argentina attached Joint Intelligence Organisation’s facilities in the UK for Argentine to its timetable for resolving he dis circumstances there was a high risl at the Foreign Office in handling the meSSSS. dlWoo“,ti° less than four days before the The conn Argentina interpreted what it saw as pute by the end of the year ; that Argentina would resort to mor swift moving developments after the Invasion. have founc attention information other than signals from the British Government. military personnel) ; the decision not forcible measures swiftly and withou intelligence reports. The second is to implement some of the recommen New York talks between Britain and Hostile The report states : ‘We consider this dama 'Argentina’s growing military power warning.’ Argentina on February 26 and 27 that there was a case for taking this believe it the composition of the JIC. On this, coincided with an increasing concen dations of Lord Shackleton’s 1976 re Bellicose 1982. port, notably that relating to the ex Clouding the judgment at th The lack or naison is also under action at the end of the previous foundation. consideration should be given to the tration on the part of the United The Franks Committee pays tribute scored in th* l!Srt in one particu position of the chairman of the tension of the airport; and the ‘Secondly, in being unduly Foreign Office was one overrldin' week in the light of the telegram of ‘On ever Kingdom on Its NATO role and the failure in the British Nationality Act belief which the report says wa to the skill shown by Mr Richard lar aspecuithreP5urveiUance of the March 24 from the Defence Attache Govemmen Committee ; to the desirability that progressive restriction of its other influenced—understandably and per Luce—the Junior Foreign Office be cr she should be full-time, with a to extend British citizenship to those haps inevitably—by the long history borne out by intelligence : 'That n scrap merchant men's landings fol- in Buenos Aires and the report of came into c defence commitments. inhabitants of the Islands who either action, let alone invasion of th Minister who resigned with Lord lowmg the vfl t of their employer March 25 that Argentine ships had options wa: more critical and independent role ; ‘As the Argentine threat grew, In of the dispute in which Argentina islands, would take place before th Carrington—and by his officials in Senor DavirW: qouth Georgia in and. in recognition of the Committee’s were not themselves patrial or did not had Previously made threatening been sailed for a possible interception ‘In every deciding to maintain only a token have a UK-born grandparent.’ second half of the year.’ New York. December fe? t0 mere is forceful of HMS Endurance. independence in operation from the presence in the area in the form of noises, accompanied by bellicose decision of Government Departments principally The verdict on the Foreign ana At the same time the Franks Cora But there is no disguising the criticism p The attempts to deter the Argen a negotiate! a small detachment of Royal Marines Commonwealth Office assessment of Press comment and indeed backed up mittee makes two important reserve impression that officials were far too •If tines were not adequate in the constituting it, to the chairman’s and, in the summer months, HMS Its threats with aggressive actions optimistic in their view that the New Senor DavS^^perX^had been corn- acceptable being appointed by the Prime how the problem would evolve is tlons about sitting in judgment: mittee’s view. islanders. Endurance, successive British Gov without tne dispute developing into a ‘In our review we have taken pai York talks had gone ‘somewhat better Minister and being a member of the ernments had to accept that the among the harshest In the whole serious confrontation. than they feared’. ‘We believe that there would have ‘Without Cabinet Office.’ islands could not be defended against report. ticular care to avoid the exercise o been advantage in the Government’s the altern At present the chairman is a sudden invasion. It acknowledges that the view Third y, in believing, on the basis hindsight in reaching Judgments ol In cuttng terms the Franks Com better liau^avc*s ® nan the Foreign giving wider consideration at this 0f evide ce. that Argentina would mittee admonishes the Whitehall lands”, wt aenior official from the Foreign Office. These decisions were taken in the taken by the Foreign and Common the development of policy and on th and CommonwPbfm Office, the British stage to the question whether the the isolati The Franks Report highlights one light of wider strategic Interests but wealth Office was ‘one which could follow n orderly progression in actions of Ministers and officials. experts : ‘The evidence we received Embassy in ^ ^s Aires, and the potentially more threatening attitude consistent theme running through escalatmt the dispute, starting with suggested to us that Foreign and Argentina i it is likely that they were seen by reasonably be taken in the light of ’We have also borne in mind tha Governor ^B^Saratlon for the by Argentina required some form of of Latin A m 'Mi I , ie to shake unJSk the JLjymasters • • mn t '••••§1 Ji§| & 1 ' •• ' ' ;h- £• <-; H S- 1 VW.- ’• , r~ ~. TJ0;V~ '"~ *'*v~ • TT'"% m m V>.;.:-: 1 ^1S|Sr '.: SlPf^ !-> * ■ '.A':, K £r~SS m r '■ ■;;;Svr..., Us v-r \ ,r(;■ " '>: i-i: J p;iaSa-:;£; __J SB ■ urance on patrol in the South Atlantic ~”*»SSS25*i§^?! t 'l«|t ■i . ■ ^ ">/ niitee assess- before the invasion Whitehall had no mm The South Georgia whaling station where Argentine scrap merchants landed. o decades, Intelligence cover on military move annual JIC ments inside Argentina. ***** that military There was no intelligence from ?W*li er the Falk- American sources—or any other w. source—to show that the Argentine B assessment m action could Navy at sea intended any more than U ‘A mistake to announce naval exercises. but towards And Franks stresses : ‘If, as we be e. ls that that ; A->; hardening’, lieve, the decision to Invade was issment was taken by the junta at a very late irations by stage, the intelligence agencies'could m not have been expected to provide 8m 'BBhKm likely’ — in earlier warning of the actual invasion MM m e- ‘ g- * ■“ ' Endurance withdrawal’ occupation on ■■ ' -■ c * * k rity of the 2 April.’ IVMBU i i.:. lands . . . and a source of immense But the report adds : Tt might have comfort to the islanders themselves. ing its defence of British interests In ared a new been possible to give some warning m ^ .. Jf ■ -v^- ■ v ’ ■ . I The decision to withdraw the South Atlantic and Antarctic at led that a of the military preparations preceding HE Government was Endurance, with its small contingent a time when other powers - T-re* ot be wholly the invasion if there had been direct f'. - wrong to announce of Royal Marines, followed the 1981 strengthening their position in thesl tti tfclo. coverage of military movements : the withdrawal/ of Defence Review. The ship was to be g was the within Argentina.’ pulled out of service in March 1982 'They feel that such m; HMS E n d u r aii c e will further a withdrawal L But on June 5, 1981 Lord Carrington weaken British e the inva- from the Sc/uth pressed John Nott to keep her in ser sovereignty in this The Argentine cruiser General Belgrano, sunk by 0 British torpedo on April 25, with the loss of 348 li Atlantic, says/ the vice warning that her withdrawal not only of islandersabutaoA^worW ves would be seen by both the islanders They urge that all possible endeav’ gence Organisation, which puts and the CIA, and finally, signals and There urns gloom in the intelli report. and Argentina as the action of a Gov ours be made to secure a i verseas and Defence Com Assessment Staff to work on intelli satellite intelligence provided, for gence tuorld last night that they JreeJ:Jjz,enf of operatives in the field But an even bigger mistake was of this decision.’ eveisal mittee of the Cabinet, gence reports coming into Whitehall example, by the Government Com 01 hign-defiiution spy satellites per- T ernment no longer interested in de are again being blamed for a lapse chaired by the Prime manently in position. Defence Secretary John Nott’s! refusal fending the Falklands. In July, the British Embassy tn from all over the world. munications HQ. —this time in failing to get and —even under pressure from Foreign On June 10, following a meeting of Buenos Aires warned the Minister, is at the top or The JIO oversees Current intelli The chairman of the JIC before assess information, rather than for IntelliP-p?oThe Cla,i worklng for the Joint Secretary Lord Carrington—to Reverse Office that Argentine newl°^ the Intelligence informa gence Groups — based on regions letting it leak. Whitehall officials, the Foreign Office tion ladder. the Falklands invasion when sift thrnn t ?rgamSafci°n Who must that decision. was informed that the decision would were reporting British pIai??P around the world. The Latin intelligence assessments were vital— The security agencies and military tion sent fh*the masses of informa- to Chie step down Is the America group will have been respon The reason • it gave Argentine’s not be revei‘sed. abandon the Falklands. nth beiore Joint Intelligence Com- was Sir Antony Acland. He has intelligence organisations who are—°n_rfnt ln to them argue that they military rulers the impression that When told, the Falkland Islands And in September, the Intellifrenr* sible for Argentina. since been appointed head of the actually collect the information trun« 1enJ.lven too much unimportant :ided that mittee, which works out of the-Cab- These groups pull together reports the British Government was ready to Councils held a meeting on June 26 services reported that Argentine dinM Diplomatic service. claim that they have always been anna HhlCh is sent up to them abandon its commitment to defend and ^ben sent a telegram to Lord Car- mats were taking precisely that view ;ssment of inet Office. Its job is to assess reports drawn principally from five sources : His successor — who was In the starved of sufficient cash to do their apparently to justify the existence of ras started and advise Ministers and senior military intelligence, diplomatic the Falklands. 1 rmgton saying : ‘The people of the On January 22, 1982, Lord Carring leted- ... officials. chair at the time of the Invasion — Job properly, especially in a large beliM/pgathering agency. And they This is the Franks Tnonlwc Falkland Islands deplore in the ton again warned John Nott about sources, open sources such as news Is one-time ambassador Patrick country such as Argentina where to penfnc that it would take a near- unediztely Below the Jic ls the Joint Intelli- papers, security sources such as M16 cut verdict on Endurance * theA?^ strongest terms the decision to with- the growing protests in Parliament Wright. check up on military moves would proieri w°rkjng ln the stress of war, Patrol ship which became ’a symbol HMS EncJurance from service, over the decision. He asked for talks v^uptny to interpret every nuance. of British sovereignty over fhe Fate thP«y,f express extreme concern But on February 3, Mr Nott rented ■35! /r © @ ^ 116 * ik that Bntaln appears to be abandon- that the decision was final—a-'diffl cult decision, Mrs Thatcher „told the Commons days later, butjOHhe same, The Franks ^Inquiry’s verdict: although Endurance could never repel a^firff-scale Argentine invasion, intdown .ahe—hSd become a symbol of British and misjudgment’ bv FO defence policy. Argentina. e.s evidence of a decreas ing Bntir. to em- all the circumstances at the time.'* economic and diplomatic measures. our task required us to focus ex------^But it adds cuttingly : Tn the event 'Sufficient allowance was not mad clusively on the Government’s r»2?mi)nweaUh Office officials aid not second visit In March 1982. Ministers deterrent action, ln addition, to Cite Vent ccromi'un.enx w a a pWollciy notT'Wf’d to be a misjudgment, but for the possibility of Argentina* responsibilities for the Falkland Ministers to consider detenett would have been better able to deal diplomatic initiatives and the con That was clearly home out hy the •entions to asserted.’ xrvvwtarv Government, subiect to it Islands and the Dependencies, ainer than cLipl°ma^lc , COuntei- with the landing on South Georgia ,Ighly . sug- The report stresses other signals should 6? tingency planning already in hand.’ Press and Intelligence reports of ^ The Report focuses on three polAical and economt. whereas those concerned, both S,e.a?,ures or prompt the Joint when it occurred.* One issue of fundamental import Argentine reactions to the decision to rely con- casting doubt on British Intentions, Important factors in the misjudg 5S?BtKSS’ Actm? unPredictably if a Ministers and officials, had to deal 1,tJelligence oreanisation urgently to The biggest target for criticism ls ance is cleared up by the Franks tlon was "These included the Government’s fhP became frustrated a! with many other major and pressing 2Pdate its Jmv 1981 assessment that the Ministry of Defence. pay her off,’ says the report. ‘We tack.’ ment : "seo/ negotiations. | preoccupations.' P K they belieVpSlyArgentina would not Committee : Were the Foreign Office conclude . . . that it was inadvisable preparedness subject to certain res The decision to order the first officials pursuing a policy of their Insidious trictions to continue arms sales to ‘First in underestimating the p-icplmonfhE 1981 intelligence .0116 significant assessment is on fef°rt to military action bejore nuclear-powered submarine to sail for the Government to announce a he wav Argentina (and to provide training importance that Argentina attached ES -d that in those tbe conduct of Ministers and officials initiating diSnmatic and economic own to get rid of the islands regard decision to withdraw HMS Endur was taken on Monday, March 29 _ less of Ministers’ views ? ance and that, in the light of the > saw as facilities in the UK. for Argentine to its timetable for resolving he dis there, was a high ris) at the Foreign Office in handling the ^easurei.- lpl°m less than four days before the mment. military personnel) ; the decision not pute by the end of the year; # iui r^en ina would resort to mori swift moving developments after the Invasion. The committee is unequivocal: *We developing situation in the second 7 power to implement some ot the recommen forcible measures swiftly and withou New York talks between Britain and The report states : have found no evidence to support half of 1981, they should have concen- dations of Lord Shackleton’s 1976 re warning. Argentina on February 26 and 27 Hostile ,, . .. ‘We consider this damaging allegation and we rescinded their decision to Pa/ 0lt Bellicose that there was a case for taking this believe it to be totally United port, notably that relating to the ex Clouding the judgment at thj iS82- ‘ The lack of liaison is also under- action at the end of the previous without HMS E/durance at the end of her and the tension of the airport; and the ‘Secondly, in being unduly Foreign Office was one overridini The Franks Committee pays tribute scored in the report. In one particu- foundation. 1981/82 tour.’ 5 other failure in the British Nationality Act influenced—understandably and per belief which the report says wa the ski11 shown by Mr Richard lar ^Pect-JhS surveillance of the "eek lnJbe Ilght of the telegram of ‘On every occasion that a new In fact battles between the Minis to extend British citizenship to those borne out by intelligence : ‘That ni Luce—the Junior Foreign Office March 24 from the Defence Attache Government—or try of Defence and the Foreign Office inhabitants of the islands who either haps inevitably—by the long history scrap merchSS men’s landings fol- A1?8 and the report of „ , new- Ministers— Tew, in of the dispute in which Argentina action, let alone invasion of th* Minister who resigned with Lord ^wing the vfjt of their employer March 25 that Argentine ships had came into office a full range of policy over the cost of keeping HMS BJ*® were not themselves patrial or did not Islands, would take place before thi Carrington—and by his officials in Senor Davifioff L South Georgia in ance in the South Atlantic vrent un i, token have a UK-bom grandparent.’ had Previously made threatening second half of the year.' New York. been sailed for a possible interception options was put before them. form of noises, accompanied by bellicose of HMS Endurance. . 3-n. every case Ministers made a until just a few days before tne The verdict on the Foreign and At the same time the Franks Com , But fchere ls no disguising the invasion. otrnl Marines Ccxnmonwealth Office assessment of Press comment and indeed backed up &u3£r i9^there is The attempts to deter the ^ decision of policy and chose to seek s, HMS Its threats with aggressive actions mittee makes two important reserva hnpression that officials were far too tines were not adequate in theArgen- J ”®gJtiated settlement that would be Lord Carrington needed the Pa h Ggy- how the problem would evolve Is fcions about sitting in Judgment: optimistic in their view that the New Sen^r DavS^^operSffhaVbeen com- ship to evacuate the Argentine»- g among the harshest in the whole without the dispute developing into a mittee’s view. acceptable to Argentina and to the iat. the aerious ^nfrontation. ‘In our review we have taken pai York talks had S°ne 'somewhat better Islanders. merchants on South Georgia against report. tlcular care to avoid the exercise o than they feared’, We believe that there would have wanted it to be retained. At It acknowledges that the view fa believing, on the basis hindsight In reaching Judgments oi In cuttng terms the Franks Com- been advantage in the Government’s ‘Without exception they rejected 1 in the taken by the Foreign and Common of evidence, that Argentina would the development of policy and on tin mlttee admonishes the Whitehall better liaison ?ween the Foreign giving wider consideration at this ialternative of "Fortress Falk- ests but wealth Office was ‘one which could follow orderly progression in actions of Ministers and officials. experts : ‘The evidence we received and Common^p^ffh Office, tlie British stage to the question whether the thelands which would have involved seen by reasonably be taken in the light of escalating the dispute, starting with ‘We have also borne In mind tha *uggested to us that Foreign and Embassy inAires, and the potentially more threatening attitude ArJSti0n, or the Elands from Governor in^B preparation for the by Argentina required some form of of8LatoaAmer|Pca0l5abIy fr°m the rest not US Ministry of Defence ^, not justify paying for jpl»8is of Ihe Frant, Beptrt by JOmi DICKIC BiBIH OftKlEY, JOHK HABBISOW, and j m I l «S® 3glgS afeaSg m&g &V 1 m III! !llJ;ll|| MI; lit I l <-1 • VA3 p - - -1c life iiln HS’lpiKi as sisii » rt CTJ £2 aa-i g >» W OJ £ isSi°sl?K:5E °r a ^§'§>3 5 I sri«2 tn O SHUii!insili ifi! 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SgS|-N S, sS§r“°°2l si g 33 3 c 2, Sl'S" , ^ fei§iiB sg & |i £ 2co° 2 STS ?S3 | &$*>£*%„ m s§8-so|sg tasgg §g l - °S to > rt O CJ ^ 'O 1“ 3 I — rtJ fl S ^-Q S3 ^ P|sp£ ^ g^Sgol Jp! si I;- — t- — to o K ill! If © I plllfll# .1! fcf" if _isj y!«p l3fll.?!3afl cd lf;i H '“* SSg||»S|p|2?lIpifijirnsiSiof s-» Ms! 51 . s »•.’ *! | II -J3 ? g « s 35So s3 C"* CD ci s - g3 pH I ? S § £ fp' 5 I” 2|°” ,3J rt P W 11 O to ** Xi ” I I i ! s | S £ £ 2 2 'oi'zxZ'Zu □ “3 z&as'z s rj Sg -s^| fPHi ft! III*.-•> G ^ ,Q" O'' PgSS| §.S § 2 St'Scaj^ o-fl. cf« ^ cs W f-l a .rt oi 3 " ai&S £ CO p M • - P I L s\ } I) lift I I ! 1 rgentme raider £ od s- 1 •w U face ‘ bloody ?(:<], l nose’mo.* By JOHN HARRISON. t >3 V l, Political Reporter ..>V. b ■m$c h Baily Wail THE Argentines would t •zv/i/ss get a ‘bloody nose’ if they r ir- attacked the Falkland 3 ng Islands again, the Foreign irs, it, Argentines Secretary, Mr Francis arp □an Pym, warned yesterday. O' ‘harass ship’ He said : ‘If the Argentines 53. THE Foreign Office is ... were really going to mount last in in vestigating reports that a another military operation, the Swedish ship which de they’d score the biggest own two livered pre-fab housing to goal there’s been for years.* tne Falkland Islands was ^ou1(* a well-prepared □oth de 2enJ bythe Argentines. Bri.isn defence force waiting for Loncion has asked the them and the world would condemn will Swedish Government for an^/ra^ac^ as ‘absolutely monstrous.’ ' he details after reports that Mr Pym was asked on BBC Radio «™?J0rn Johan6Son of Four s World at One programme how the 2,800-ton cargo ship Linne fenously he took American reports was held in Buenos Aires for that Argentina might be planning a questioning. series of hit-and-run raids on the Foreign office officials could islands. not say when the incident oiled, look place but confirmed that Protection o the the Swedish ship was carrying He replied : 'I have been watch cargo to Port Stanley on' a ing this very carefully and there a cut one-way charter. are indications and the possibility I not Pym’s warning—Page FOUR of these raids and harassment. The i 3 cen- Americans have made public.this possibility, but I have known about it all along. I hope it is not true, but if they were to try to carry out something like that I predict they will get a bloody nose.’ Mr Pym said Britain’s forces would repel any enemy attack. Mrs Thatcher told MPs this week X that Britain had no option but to have a Fortress Falklands. . But Mr Pym — now speaking on LBC Radio — said he thought 'fortress' was a 'misdescription'. The islands would be given the same protection as mainland Britain. ‘Britain is not a fortress,’ he.... said,. ‘but it is protected militarily. If someone was mad enough to attack they would be met with a pretty sharp response. • Argentine Defence Minister Julio Martinez Vivot yesterday dis missed reports of impending Argen tine raids on the Falklands as scaremongering. J .Daily Mai Mi! 0 who starter ipnsi lalcoi BY TED OLIVER Reporting from Buenos Aires anent six months In Amerlci there be THE cigarette is never far from shirts and slacks. The uniform from his presidential days, with the pounds of developed tils taste for Scot*-Glen- his lips and the whisky glass is braid and medals, is In mothballs. flddlch when he can get it. rarely far from his right hand. One of his former friends said : He began his Army career Wte Engi neer Corps and a former f:l.lendsaid.He a 'Galtierl is a man of the past. The pre The man with the inapt middle sent junta want to have him around to can scarcely claim aea.ciem.ictt name, Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri, is remind people that they are not to tual brilliance. He got to the top,, not living out his uneasy enforced retire- blame because of brains or flair, butbecause ne ment in Argentina. ‘Leopoldo was the man to blame for was a dull, but ambitious, plodder. The Franks report, published today the Falklands fiasco and the new bosses Galtierl spends a lot of ttae m hW would never have been necessary if It want to make sure that the scapegoat balcony, smoking and looking out across had not been for Galtieri’s pride, stub sticks around/ , . the roof-tops to the elegant paras witn bornness and downright stupidity. Galtieri rose from relatively humble statues of national heroes. Now he Is paying for those failures. backgrounds. His wile Lucy comes from He has no date for sitting with the He has armed bodyguards, burly men one of the best families in Buenos Aires sculptor. Abject failure does not rate even with guns, not so much to protect him as and was happy to bask In her husband s a bust, not even in Argentina wre tney glory. will put up statues to just about any to make sure he doesn’t embarrass the There are rumours that now all Is current regime. not well with the marriage. Lucy, say thing. acquaintances, is not happy about being Umife™ m in disgrace, spurned because of her hus The faiSure V; band’s actions. , _ Galtieri is not badly off financially. He ' moffhhaiEs has a pension of about £750 a month, ©f ©frheirs inflation-proofed against the world’s Outings are few. Recently on holiday craziest economy. That puts him in the at the seaside resort of Mar del Plata he top income bracket in Argentina. The sound of the cheers and th & was spotted. Passers - by hurled abuse, And few, if any, of Argentina’s dicta adulation of vast crowds still ling to".1., tors have failed to salt away a sizeable ears. An intensely vain man, &e wu im. i insulting him and his family. Pie was spat at and fists were shaken but it sum from ‘presents’ in Brazilian or Uru- savour those sounds for ever. fh« m stopped just short of physical assault. guayan banks. He may remember the words one oi M The man who has addressed crowds His 22nd floor apartment is In Avenue aides whispered in his ear : ‘Enjoy ^ of almost one million from the balcony Sucre, at Belgrano. the most fashionable now, boss, while it lasts.’ . hv mum of the pink presidential palace in Buenos suburb of Buenos Aires. Galtieri ac- Conversations with him W- Aires finds it wiser to send his maid to quired it when he was head of the Army. long embarrassing silences as hese£tcne * \ replenish drink and tobacco supplies. ‘It’s amazing how easy generals can for words. He will offer to getc0,e„fi_ Once he hosted a barbecue for 1,500 find the best apartments,’ said one Junta- another drink to give himself time t0 co “ people, who consumed 11,000 quarts of watcher. lect whatever thoughts he inight nav wine, 5,0001b. of beef and sausages. Now Galtierl is said to be co-operating on he rarely dines out, although there are a book about the war, The Names of He retains his obstinate view that be dozens of fashionable restaurants near Defeat, but projected publishing dates was right to order the invasion, his apartment. have come and gone. the deaths of so many young men on D0W His usual dress is casual open-necked His English is limited, despite having sides Failure for everything connected v?ith the war was down to someone else he. says. The identities of the men he are to blame may well be In the book ana that could be tb.e reason for its h.om ofi adulation from days at the pSnk palace Unhappy wifie tu«y Overflowing asl o# obliv|O0 and balcony scene -Daily Mail, Tuesday, January 18, 1983 PAGE 17 Hi i a pnaiisr kalctffi? BY TED OLIVER Reporting from Buenos Aires THE cigarette is never far from shirts and slacks. The uniform from his spent six months In America where he presidential days, with the pounds of developed his taste for Scotch - Glen- his lips and the whisky glass is braid and medals, Is In mothballs. flddich when he can get it. rarely far from his right hand. One of his former friends said : He began his Army career In the Engi The man with the inapt middle ‘Galtieri is a man of the past. The pre neer Corps and a former friend said : ‘He name, Leopoldo Fortimato Galtieri is sent junta want to have him around to can scarcely claim academic or intellec remind people that they are not to tual brilliance. He got to the top, not living out his uneasy enforced retire blame. because of brains or flair, but because he ment in Argentina. ‘Leopoldo was the man to blame for was a__ dull, but ambitious, plodder.’ The Franks report, published today the Falklands fiasco and the new bosses Galtieri spends a lot of time on hls would never have been necessary if it want to make sure that the scapegoat balcony, smoking and looking out across had not been for Galtierl's pride, stub sticks around.' the roof-tops to the elegant parks with bornness and downright stupidity. Galtieri rose from relatively humble statues of national heroes. Now he Is paying for those failures. backgrounds. His wife Lucy comes from He has armed bodyguards, burly men one of the best families in Buenos Aires He has no date for sitting with the with guns, not so much to protect him as and was happy to bask in her husband’s sculptor. Abject failure does not rate even to make sure he doesn’t embarrass the glory. a bust, not even in Argentina where they current regime. There are rumours that now all is will put up statues to just about any- not well with the marriage. Lucy, say thing. UrDSfe™ era acquaintances, is not happy about being in disgrace, spurned because of her hus The feaSyre band's actions. Galtieri Is not badly off financially. He m®ftihlba8Hs has a pension of about £750 a month inflation-proofed -against the world’s ©f ©frltaeo's Outings are few. Recently on holiday craziest economy. That puts him In the mm3 d at the seaside resort of Mar del Plata he top income bracket in Argentina. Tire sound of the cheers and was spotted. Passers - by hurled abuse, And few, if any, of Argentina's dicta adulation of vast crowds still ring In *yS Insulting him and his family. He was tors have failed to salt away a sizeable ears. An intensely vain man, he wifi spat at and fists were shaken but it sum from ‘presents’ in Brazilian or Uru- savour those sounds for ever. , stopped just short of physical assault. guayan banks. He may remember the words one of njs The man who has addressed crowds His 22nd floor apartment Is in Avenue aides whispered in his ear : 'Enjoy it of almost one million from the balcony Sucre, at Belgrano. the most fashionable now, boss, while it lasts.’ of the pink presidential palace in Buenos suburb of Buenos Aires. Galtieri ac Conversations with him aremar^ecvy Aires finds It wiser to send hls maid to quired it when he was head of the Army. long embarrassing silences as he searches replenish drink and tobacco supplies. It’s amazing how easy generals can for words. He will offer to get coffee or Once he hosted a barbecue for 1,500 find the best apartments,’ said one junta- another drink to give himself time to coi- people, who consumed 11,000 quarts of watcher. lect whatever thoughts he might have wine, 5,0001b. of beef and sausages. Now Galtieri Is said to be co-operating on left. 'M he rarely dines out, although there are a book about the war, The Names of He retains hls obstinate view that he dozens of fashionable restaurants near Defeat, but projected publishing dates was right to order the invasion, despite his apartment. have come and gone. the deaths of so many young men on botm His usual dress is casual open-necked His English is limited, despite having sides. ?/ Failure for everything connected with the war was down to someone else he ...... says. The identities of the men he says are to blame may well be in the book and 1 that could be the reason for its non- jP-uJaJ “s®3-But they live with him ? Ifehappy wiSe Lucy Overflowing ashtray, smokescreen over blame •morjrt Galtieri on baleony of oblivlon-and balcony of adaalatloaa from days at the ptak palace iders (lour. rran- e to bates ?n, it Argentina bars as?? U in- the ship's captain e un- From Bernardo KucVnsK obeved orders from Brasilia ie new in Sao Paulo . fusing to comply and altered il and c ready The Argentine navy has in- ^s COurse. I Brazil’s Antarctic There was bitter rsacUpn in \ tereepted Barao de Brasilia to the .ncide-lF which expedition ship, returning to happene o* ^ Argentina <( Tcffe, which was 1 Punta Arenas m Chile. t0 expiain why it interceptc , ’ The Argentinians demanded vessel, which was on its s BUgRentina and Chile lay claim, several ports on l „ ------ terday ; with 1 take ' • Feb-1 US economy me in loo i <• Lai Jardine SStlsSC"’ ST*“ Vu .uum o.i rol murder !f:d • con -M Falklands garrisoB;‘ .•li.urrior! ■Til •i I • o u . alsc IS . witi assc .'W'! cell. Argentine ■«£»***■ ffthelaSlgand’s.garmon were being taken senousl> c mi enough troops to Ministry of Defence yesteidav just not c , r0llnd a 11 houeh British sources the cims i 0 WWBK ® ou^e ah-SOI onn to Bonn tacit re- Thatcher summons her t . cst Ger- guard, because the Argentines Cabinet, page l t that have never said that hostilities ) option have ceased-the general com- ---- as the manding our garrison is bound ces ar0und pdrt Sta Soviet- he limi- to bear that in mind. far better than, the nuclear CBS television netwoik f (lefences. It Jiad r ouoted US Intelligence sources wen-sitcd #?W1' ould re- as saving there was evidence t£nes ancl long range. Phai n to eli- of unusual training and piepa- fighlers> with Iheic, own um-range j ration for commando-stjlL op down radar, msl^}ckr° e condition rations, with British* and more limited carner:Rorne don its communications cejiUes ‘ Harriers. la Rapier anti-aircraft ™,ss}lc® In Buenos Aires yestc batteries consideied likely « diplomatic sources «said ision iu gets. It also suggested that he air ^rce-had n* 5 Argentinean* force was ^ squadrons nf Mirage uise and *s. The Sceptors to1’challenge the land Islands. The jets"K had fused to vhich, it olve the c^'UaffcUaA. ^/,( Y ^ nge mis- Falklands More cash likely as oves into front line economy m Thatcher calls % in War Cabinet after ‘Argentine raids’ warning the Foreign Seen^Mr^ra^ E,«f=r apsawfe 4,ih,. Ptn em"cy meeting of «he ^^since Ration .of yeste. «Ul — is ^of M Argen* I * Mrs Thatcher calWtogetlmr ^criticisms JU*- Wer^T rfc ggSK^ EXCheq ; SS5g demand S The me^ngnWaSNatirasure sense J n^tiations with Bn- ?ie Government ™ ta'"' action" against ^British forces m SisCXie-p-r.® an, S8»bS~,:SKff3toBThe She deputy cWrmMjh}p ^ j already .^nt0 much cru- held by the J m^ttee re-1 to commit nsei m the Falk- fence apd the /- the Cahinet cial new spend g u of the ports direct^ ^ is not IrSS^tre^ »&«- ° development Tlis jS islands economy m yesterdays wra«£le took SI Mht .1 >K »*"“ JS •“ »S;fV'K fc«! . ~a,»”, kSu-sb-s*«■ ,r., i> srss^3i!ar» s» s’SoWSs rts =?»:*fff&isr "rl sssslight of the“ loss'“ PffSoS " s dented“S?Si in®{8'v*%g~t government has Wties in AJfS io enable machinery of g®™ion that radical steps , i Minister exploded lhe and advice ^"nmv'stuping the i»P«- "t^omm.tt^ ministers cations of theseT"edrS- now must remain secret ^ ^ But , ¥*L that a new It is doubtful. ^ wMch the acknowledges thaJslanders — degree of detail nonnally danger faces the is will be report goes °Jje even under the possibility that they have been a™rW0Verning swamped tof f '[$ maxi- the 30-year rule S°^‘nargUent “SS'pSSS 0«» 5S"S "st” i J|r TT s — *o s TO "O . p ^ ~ ^ C ^ t3 TO _* « q t m u ^ >1 a S? ------o o-~ « £ ra J2 So 5"g^ of c C E^ I 2 ? a> l2f|^|5c^ iiluf •5-of w *- fa © c S).5 O c . ««i,lllllBl^ 3 .<• $ 1: . li;IBIMli II® OS **-< lllw■=£»!?_ EfS^ofSi "2 |. 0> ! fa 53 M & i«BS_c a IMlriiUPi § ll g -o*J2 * d S -C £? e3 •g|SIf: yglO^ : i^ « s r s H i^^fc|*lfl«ii= lg^f-^s 2i2S - | £o^ : gfa C.S.H s':-1 : 53 •-a =g S MI£ S5t_=sH=£! |i|if] LSI fc - =£ 2 - - W'ifflsiiiiiiill p .<= ! “ililiiiH}! ! 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Si;Q ■*< .2 zt-sZj ~]£ § g f 11: ^ ^^u,,OLO, o -a >> rt u oo ^ o c J- c 5: figiisi g5^°si!!“if!ilfio-sf S’s^l’ii •§.«!”*si.i~^'s| - e »«« mwSSMWA C 5. c H31-; -sv||.r!|ls*| ■=?gl|8 s4g’!-Sf-4g°«| o! FaiklandsVq^ O-fife ■ a^?uT7 jobs offer An urgent Invitation for the stamp of Government Whitby men to fly out to House, Falkland Islands. their twin town of Stanley A spokesman at Whitby's and help rebuild the war- Employment Office stressed tom Falkland Islands has that no official approach has yet been sent to the town by been made to them. Civil Commissioner Sir Rex However, he added: “It is Hunt. hopeful and there should be Sir Rex has written to former applicants — it just hinges on Whitby Town Mayor, Councillor the conditions, whether locals Richard Wastell, who himself would have to sever links with served as a bricklayer in the Whitby or not.” Royal Engineers in the islands, The spokesman revealed that during the Second World War. a total of 60 joiners and brick- During the next few months, Sir Bex - “bricklayers and ^ers' are registered unem- Sir Rex writes, a Falkland carpenters needed urgently” ployed in. Whitby at present, but Islands Government Office will there are'.'more than 100 semi- r> in i/mHnn ~ We cannot invite ^e many skilled workers who might be be s- o in London to interview would-be immigrants from the interested. 8 and ureenUv”tarMa^ansd F‘° come ,out' Latest unemployment figure hj-ir'irio“most urgenry • Masqps, , We are already bursting at in Whitby is 23.4% and one of the fall iVto that^t carpenters:?J1 ^ seams in Stanley and the worst in the country He sayS SOnr‘ <”• new blood that we so badly want The spokesman said: “The “If vou know of anvnnp whn will have little chance of a roof scheme is very interesting. isinte^“W,beWhfryeaSl: mlddleofthis ^ “f • 0^“mes through the I suggest you ask them to get in < ssslj" '“>* “ St, untiTwe geCtC^re°tf ti°n lettGr is Signed by Sir Rex couId ^ write to Mr Monk at un we get more houses up, and bears the Royal crown and the address given. d o£ o a>Grt^ 2 ^ § fl _ h H ' sSa| -sl^ as«§ 85 I - ® a.iiiili cm UhlKh*i Kim s-ysaE^ 2i;8ir 0ge miitii *- ra 5 r: -2 ■o.s S ^■■IPffTrunrW^ Mid the GermaiUlcws agenc> - p:,i“ Illia'moSrnSf^ p,|L|SS*SSS2,-'£ laie the S^dere'- was President from 1963 to 1966. up its Obituary, page 12 ure on [.ndude I Topless slip- [nuclear I Washington ( AP) - The*US * I Slates- Air Force has diseiph ntv L | several officers. sma | [Argentine ^officers 6did 9 '•-v