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A Study on Conflicts and Defense Mechanisms in Haruki Murakami's PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STUDY ON CONFLICTS AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S KAFKA ON THE SHORE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By CONNIE KRIS AVIARI Student Number: 144214078 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STUDY ON CONFLICTS AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S KAFKA ON THE SHORE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By CONNIE KRIS AVIARI Student Number: 144214078 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI “Just like Yeats said: In dreams begin responsibilities. No power to imagine, no responsibility can arise.” -Haruki Murakami, Kafka on the Shore. vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI I, wholeheartedly, dedicate this thesis to: My lovely Mother, Father, and big Brother. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to state my gratitude towards Jesus Christ for His grace and endless blessings so that I could finish my undergraduate thesis. For the paths that I have faced make me even stronger. Second of all, I would like to thank my advisor, E. Arti Wulandari, M.A.,Ph.D., who willingly shares her knowledge to help me finish this undergraduate thesis. I would like to thank my co-advisor, Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum., for his correction and suggestion. Without his help, I would not be able to complete this undergraduate thesis. I would also like to say thank to my parents, my brother, and also my big family who give me their perpetual loves to encourage me to finish this undergraduate thesis. I would also like to thank my best friends Sarah, Stevi, Jeje and Neira who are always there through my ups-and-down. Thank you for always giving your best to understand me and my ego. I am also grateful to my friends in English Letters Department batch 2014 in Sanata Dharma University especially Dewi, Yustina, Caca, Patricia Nadia, Jovan, and Wilma. I would like to thank my friends Andep and to all my close friends in Yogyakarta especially Aulya, Melya, Renora, Mikha, Ellen, Putri, Vesa, Tito, Bapil, Hakim and others who I cannot mention one by one. Thank you for your companion so that my life in this city feels much better. Connie Kris Aviari ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………… ii APPROVAL PAGE…………………………………………………….. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE…………………………………………………. iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH………………………………………………………… v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY……………………………………. vi MOTTO PAGE………………………………………………………….. vii DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………………………… viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………….. x ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………… xi ABSTRAK……………………………………........................................... xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……………………………………… 1 A. Background of the Study…………………………………….. 1 B. Problem Formulation………………………………………… 6 C. Objectives of the Study………………………………………. 6 D. Definition of Terms………………………………………….. 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………… 8 A. Review of Related Studies……………………………………….. 8 B. Review of Related Theories……………………………………… 12 1. Theory of Conflict…………………………………………… 12 2. Theory of Defense Mechanisms……………………………... 14 C. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………… 18 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY…………………………………… 19 A. Object of the Study………………………………………………. 19 B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………… 20 C. Method of the Study……………………………………………… 20 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS……………………………………………. 22 A. Conflicts Experienced by Kafka Tamura………………………… 22 B. Types of Self-Defense Mechanisms Shown by Kafka Tamura….. 38 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION………………………………………… 46 REFERENCES…….……………………………………………………. 49 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………... 51 Appendix 1: Summary of Haruki Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore…... 51 Appendix 2: Biography of Haruki Murakami…………………………. 55 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ASBTRACT AVIARI, CONNIE KRIS. (2018). A Study on Conflicts and Defense Mechanisms in Haruki Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Every human must have a conflict in his or her life. Everyone cannot live without the existence of conflict, even it is a small one. It depends on the person how he or she wants to overcome the problem. This study discusses the conflicts that happen within the main character’s life in Kafka and his defense mechanism in order to see how the main character overcomes each conflict. In this study, there are two objectives. The first objective observes the conflicts that the main character, Kafka Tamura, deals with in his life. Secondly, the study identifies the defense mechanisms that are shown by Kafka to face the conflicts. Library research is applied in order to find reliable theories in this study. There are two sources that are used to finish the study. The first is Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami and the second is theory books, articles, and journals. To analyse the conflicts and the defense mechanisms, this study employed the psychoanalytical approach. From this study, it is proven that Kafka faces conflicts which are internal conflicts. The first conflict occurs because of his parents’ divorce. The second conflict occurs between Kafka against his lack of confidence. The third conflicthappens between Kafka against his lack of trusting himself. The next conflict happens between Kafka against his sexual desire towards Miss Saeki. The fifth conflict is Kafka against his thought to kill his own father. The last conflict occurs between Kafka and his feeling of not being loved back by Miss Saeki. From the first analysis about the conflicts that Kafka faces, it is revealed to deal with his conflicts Kafka performs five types of defense mechanisms. Kafka shown repression to repress the sadness because of his parents’ divorce and also to repress the hatred to kill his own father. To conceal his lack of confidence to trust his society, heperforms rationalization. Following to this conflict, Kafka makes the character the boy named Crow to be his projection so that he can depend himself on Crow. Then, he shown sublimation to shift his mind from his own sexual desire towards Miss Saeki. Lastly, Kafka performs denial in order to conceal the feeling of not being loved back by Miss Saeki. xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK AVIARI, CONNIE KRIS. (2018). A Study on Conflicts and Defense Mechanisms in Haruki Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Setiap manusia pasti memiliki konflik dalam kehidupanya. Semua orang tidak dapat terhindar dari keberadaan konflik, bahkan konflik yang terkecil sekalipun. Semua itu tergantung dari bagaimana seseorang tersebut menyelesaikan masalahnya. Seseorang dapat menggunakan mekanisme pertahanan diri untuk menghadapi masalahnya. Skripsi ini membahas tentang konflik-konflik yang terjadi dalam kehidupan tokoh utama dan mengaitkan mekanisme pertahanan diri dalam rangka melihat bagaimana cara tokoh utama dari cerita tersebut menyelesaikan konfliknya. Dalam skripsi ini, terdapat dua tujuan. Pertama, bertujuan untuk mengamati konflik yang terjadi pada kehidupan Kafka. Yang kedua, skripsi ini mengidentifikasi tentang pertahanan mekanisme yang Nampak oleh Kafka di dalam menyelesaikan konflik-konfliknya. Studi pustaka digunakan dalam mencari teori-teori terkait dalam skripsi ini. Terdapat dua sumber yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Pertama, novel karya Haruki Murakami yang berjudul Kafka on the Shore dan kedua teori- teori dari buku, artikel dan jurnal yang terkait. Dalam penelitian konflik dan mekanisme pertahanan diri, skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan psikologi. Dari skripsi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kafka menghadapi beberapa konflik yaitu konflik dalam diri. Konflik pertama terjadi karena perceraian orang tua Kafka. Konflik kedua, terjadi pada diri Kafka yang memiliki ketidakpercayaan diri terhadap sosial. Konflik ketiga terjadi antara Kafka melawan ketidakpercayaan diri terhadap dirinya sendiri. Konflik selanjutnya terjadi antara Kafka melawan hasrat seksualnya terhadap Miss Saeki. Konflik kelima terjadi pada pikiran Kafka untuk membunuh ayahnya sendiri. Konflik terakhir konflik yang terjadi pada perasaan Kafka yang tidak dicintai oleh Miss Saeki. Dari analisis mengenai konflik tersebut, dapat dibuktikan bahwa Kafka menunjukkan lima tipe mekanisme pertahanan diri untuk menghadapi berbagai konfliknya. Kafka menggunakan represi untuk menghadapi konflik yang terjadi antara dirinya dan orang tuanya yang telah berpisah. Mekanisme ini juga digunakan Kafka untuk menekan pikirannya yang ingin membunuh ayahnya sendiri. Untuk menyembunyikan perasaannya yang tidak percaya diri akan sosial, Kafka menggunakan mekanisme rasionalisasi. Mengikuti konflik yang sama, Kafka membuat karakter Crow untuk memproyeksikan keinginan-keinginannya sehingga Kafka bisa memiliki seseorang yang dapat diandalkan. Lalu, Kafka menggunakan mekanisme sublimasi untuk mengalihkan
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