218 Part 522—Implantation Or Injectable Dosage Form
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Pharmaceutical Starting Materials/Essential Drugs
BULLETIN MNS October 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL STARTING MATERIALS MARKET NEWS SERVICE (MNS) BI -MONTHLY EDITION Market News Service Pharmaceutical Starting Materials/Essential Drugs October 2009, Issue 5 The Market News Service (MNS) is made available free of charge to all Trade Support Institutions and enterprises in Sub-Saharan African countries under a joint programme of the International Trade Centre and CBI, the Dutch Centre for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries (www.cbi.nl). Should you be interested in becoming an information provider and contributing to MNS' efforts to improve market transparency and facilitate trade, please contact us at [email protected]. This issue continues the series, started at the beginning of the year, focusing on the leading markets in various world regions. This issue covers the trends and recent developments in eastern European pharmaceutical markets. To subscribe to the report or to access MNS reports directly online, please contact [email protected] or visit our website at: http://www.intracen.org/mns. Copyright © MNS/ITC 2007. All rights reserved 1 Market News Service Pharmaceutical Starting Materials Introduction WHAT IS THE MNS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL STARTING MATERIALS/ESSENTIAL DRUGS? In 1986, the World Health Assembly laid before the Organization the responsibility to provide price information on pharmaceutical starting materials. WHA 39.27 endorsed WHO‟s revised drug strategy, which states “... strengthen market intelligence; support drug procurement by developing countries...” The responsibility was reaffirmed at the 49th WHA in 1996. Resolution WHA 49.14 requests the Director General, under paragraph 2(6) “to strengthen market intelligence, review in collaboration with interested parties‟ information on prices and sources of information on prices of essential drugs and starting material of good quality, which meet requirements of internationally recognized pharmacopoeias or equivalent regulatory standards, and provide this information to member states”. -
Division of Analytical Laboratories
Michael SWERLOWYCZ 1 Brett FLETCHER 2, Roger JACKSON 2 1 Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Division of Analytical Laboratories, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2 Drugs & Driving Toxicology Laboratory, Division of Analytical Laboratories, Sydney, NSW, Australia Division of Analytical Laboratories COWS ON COKE Levamisole: A livestock de-wormer in cocaine Introduction Recent DDL specimens (January 2009 onwards) were examined in Levamisole ((S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-B][1,3]thiazole) order to oBtain comparison levamisole data from a range of living has gained attention overseas suBjects. These were mostly cocaine-positive “drug/drive” in recent years as a cutting cases, as well as a numBer of fatal accident, sexual assault and agent for illicit cocaine. murder cases. Interestingly, levamisole appears to Be more common Levamisole, or ( l) -Tetramisole, in samples from living suBjects, But generally at lower concentrations is a drug used in the treatment than the coronial samples. of colon cancer, But primarily it has a veterinary use as an anthelmintic, to PrevalenceofLevamisoleinCocaine-positiveCases(DDL) control parasites in livestock. January2009-June2010 25 70 60 20 50 Levamisole in drug/drive Levamisole around the world and other police 15 40 specimens (DDL). Recently the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) reported a 30 2009 – 2010 10 Percentage(%) significant increase in the prevalence of the drug. In late 2008 the DEA NumberofCases 20 found as much as 30% of illicit cocaine hydrochloride exhiBits contained Mean concentration in 5 levamisole, and By mid-2009 this figure had risen to 70%. This trend has 10 Blood = 0.035mg/L Been seen in other countries around the world and is reflected in illicit 0 0 cocaine exhiBits received By Australian laBoratories. -
Optum Essential Health Benefits Enhanced Formulary PDL January
PENICILLINS ketorolac tromethamineQL GENERIC mefenamic acid amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium nabumetone amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium ER naproxen January 2016 ampicillin naproxen sodium ampicillin sodium naproxen sodium CR ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS ampicillin-sulbactam naproxen sodium ER ENHANCED PREFERRED DRUG LIST nafcillin sodium naproxen DR The Optum Preferred Drug List is a guide identifying oxacillin sodium oxaprozin preferred brand-name medicines within select penicillin G potassium piroxicam therapeutic categories. The Preferred Drug List may piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sulindac not include all drugs covered by your prescription sodium tolmetin sodium drug benefit. Generic medicines are available within many of the therapeutic categories listed, in addition piperacillin sodium/tazobactam Fenoprofen Calcium sodium to categories not listed, and should be considered Meclofenamate Sodium piperacillin/tazobactam as the first line of prescribing. Tolmetin Sodium Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium LOW COST GENERIC PREFERRED For benefit coverage or restrictions please check indomethacin your benefit plan document(s). This listing is revised Augmentin meloxicam periodically as new drugs and new prescribing LOW COST GENERIC naproxen kit information becomes available. It is recommended amoxicillin that you bring this list of medications when you or a dicloxacillin sodium CARDIOVASCULAR covered family member sees a physician or other penicillin v potassium ACE-INHIBITORS healthcare provider. GENERIC QUINOLONES captopril ANTI-INFECTIVES -
Levamisole.Pdf
8/20/2018 Levamisole | UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Levamisole About This Drug Levamisole is used to treat cancer. This drug is given orally. Possible Side Effects Bone marrow depression. This is a decrease in the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Bone marrow depression usually occurs three to 10 days after the drug is given and may increase your risk of infection, fatigue, and bleeding. Raised, red rash on your arms, legs, back, or chest Abdominal pain or cramping Bitter taste in the mouth Decreased appetite Nausea and vomiting Drowsiness Irritability Sexual problems and reproduction concerns may occur. In men and women both, this drug may temporarily or permanently affect your ability to have children. This cannot be determined before your therapy. In men, this drug may interfere with your ability to make sperm, but it should not change your ability to have sexual relations. In women, menstrual bleeding may become irregular or stop while you are receiving this drug. Do not assume that you cannot become pregnant if you do not have a menstrual period. Women may experience signs of menopause like vaginal dryness or itching. This drug may have harmful effects on the unborn child, so effective methods of birth control should be used during your cancer treatment. genetic counseling is available to you to discuss the effect of this drug therapy on future pregnancies. In addition, a genetic counselor can review the potential risks of problems in the fetus due to this medication if an exposure during pregnancy has occurred. http://hillman.upmc.com/patients/community-support/education/chemotherapy-drugs/levamisole 1/2 8/20/2018 Levamisole | UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Treating Side Effects Ask your doctor or nurse about medication that is available to help you prevent or lessen nausea and vomiting. -
Pediatric Pharmacotherapy
Pediatric Pharmacotherapy A Monthly Review for Health Care Professionals of the Children's Medical Center Volume 1, Number 10, October 1995 DIURETICS IN CHILDREN • Overview • Loop Diuretics • Thiazide Diuretics • Metolazone • Potassium Sparing Diuretics • Diuretic Dosages • Efficacy of Diuretics in Chronic Pulmonary Disease • Summary • References Pharmacology Literature Reviews • Ibuprofen Overdosage • Predicting Creatinine Clearance Formulary Update Diuretics are used for a wide variety of conditions in infancy and childhood, including the management of pulmonary diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)(1 -5). Both RDS and BPD are often associated with underlying pulmonary edema and clinical improvement has been documented with diuretic use.6 Diuretics also play a major role in the management of congestive heart failure (CHF), which is frequently the result of congenital heart disease (7). Other indications, include hypertension due to the presence of cardiac or renal dysfunction. Hypertension in children is often resistant to therapy, requiring the use of multidrug regimens for optimal blood pressure control (8). Control of fluid and electrolyte status in the pediatric population remains a therapeutic challenge due to the profound effects of age and development on renal function. Although diuretics have been used extensively in infants and children, few controlled studies have been conducted to define the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diuretics in this population. Nonetheless, diuretic therapy has become an important part of the management of critically ill infants and children. This issue will review the mechanisms of action, monitoring parameters, and indications for use of diuretics in the pediatric population (1-5). Loop Diuretics Loop diuretics are the most potent of the available diuretics (4). -
Outcome of Different Therapeutic Interventions in Mild COVID-19 Patients in a Single OPD Clinic of West Bengal: a Retrospective Study
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.08.21252883; this version posted March 12, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license . Title page Outcome of Different Therapeutic Interventions in Mild COVID-19 Patients in a Single OPD Clinic of West Bengal: A Retrospective study Running Title: Mild COVID-19 and the Buffet of Treatments: A case series Sayak Roy1, Shambo Samrat Samajdar2, Santanu K Tripathi3, Shatavisa Mukherjee4, Kingshuk Bhattacharjee5 1. Consultant Physician, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Medica Superspeciality Hospital, Kolkata; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6185-9375 2. Senior Resident, Dept of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. 3. Dean (Academics) and Head, Dept of Pharmacology, Netaji Subhash Medical College & Hospital, Bihta, Patna 4. PhD Research Scholar, Dept of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-1525 5. Independent Biostatistician, Kolkata Corresponding Author: Dr. Sayak Roy 609, G.T.Road, Battala, Serampore, Hooghly, WB, India; PIN – 712201 Email: [email protected] Words: 1906 Tables: 2 References: 20 Informed Consent and Institutional ethical clearance: Taken Conflicts of interest: None Funding: None Acknowledgement: None Data availability: Available on request with the corresponding author NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. 1 medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.08.21252883; this version posted March 12, 2021. -
Non-Steroidal Drug-Induced Glaucoma MR Razeghinejad Et Al 972
Eye (2011) 25, 971–980 & 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-222X/11 www.nature.com/eye 1,2 1 1 Non-steroidal drug- MR Razeghinejad , MJ Pro and LJ Katz REVIEW induced glaucoma Abstract vision. The majority of drugs listed as contraindicated in glaucoma are concerned with Numerous systemically used drugs are CAG. These medications may incite an attack in involved in drug-induced glaucoma. Most those individuals with narrow iridocorneal reported cases of non-steroidal drug-induced angle.3 At least one-third of acute closed-angle glaucoma are closed-angle glaucoma (CAG). glaucoma (ACAG) cases are related to an Indeed, many routinely used drugs that have over-the-counter or prescription drug.1 Prevalence sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic of narrow angles in whites from the Framingham properties can cause pupillary block CAG in study was 3.8%. Narrow angles are more individuals with narrow iridocorneal angle. The resulting acute glaucoma occurs much common in the Asian population. A study of a more commonly unilaterally and only rarely Vietnamese population estimated a prevalence 4 bilaterally. CAG secondary to sulfa drugs is a of occludable angles at 8.5%. The reported bilateral non-pupillary block type and is due prevalence of elevated IOP months to years to forward movement of iris–lens diaphragm, after controlling ACAG with laser iridotomy 5,6 which occurs in individuals with narrow or ranges from 24 to 72%. Additionally, a open iridocorneal angle. A few agents, significant decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer including antineoplastics, may induce thickness and an increase in the cup/disc ratio open-angle glaucoma. -
Exploring the Activity of an Inhibitory Neurosteroid at GABAA Receptors
1 Exploring the activity of an inhibitory neurosteroid at GABAA receptors Sandra Seljeset A thesis submitted to University College London for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology University College London Gower Street WC1E 6BT 2 Declaration I, Sandra Seljeset, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I can confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Abstract The GABAA receptor is the main mediator of inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Its activity is regulated by various endogenous molecules that act either by directly modulating the receptor or by affecting the presynaptic release of GABA. Neurosteroids are an important class of endogenous modulators, and can either potentiate or inhibit GABAA receptor function. Whereas the binding site and physiological roles of the potentiating neurosteroids are well characterised, less is known about the role of inhibitory neurosteroids in modulating GABAA receptors. Using hippocampal cultures and recombinant GABAA receptors expressed in HEK cells, the binding and functional profile of the inhibitory neurosteroid pregnenolone sulphate (PS) were studied using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. In HEK cells, PS inhibited steady-state GABA currents more than peak currents. Receptor subtype selectivity was minimal, except that the ρ1 receptor was largely insensitive. PS showed state-dependence but little voltage-sensitivity and did not compete with the open-channel blocker picrotoxinin for binding, suggesting that the channel pore is an unlikely binding site. By using ρ1-α1/β2/γ2L receptor chimeras and point mutations, the binding site for PS was probed. -
268 Part 522—Implantation Or Injectable Dosage Form
§ 520.2645 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–18 Edition) (ii) Indications for use. For the control 522.82 Aminopropazine. of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus 522.84 Beta-aminopropionitrile. larvae). 522.88 Amoxicillin. 522.90 Ampicillin injectable dosage forms. (iii) Limitations. The drug should be 522.90a Ampicillin trihydrate suspension. fed early in the spring or fall and con- 522.90b Ampicillin trihydrate powder for in- sumed by the bees before the main jection. honey flow begins, to avoid contamina- 522.90c Ampicillin sodium. tion of production honey. Complete 522.144 Arsenamide. treatments at least 4 weeks before 522.147 Atipamezole. main honey flow. 522.150 Azaperone. 522.161 Betamethasone. [40 FR 13838, Mar. 27, 1975, as amended at 50 522.163 Betamethasone dipropionate and FR 49841, Dec. 5, 1985; 59 FR 14365, Mar. 28, betamethasone sodium phosphate aque- 1994; 62 FR 39443, July 23, 1997; 68 FR 24879, ous suspension. May 9, 2003; 70 FR 69439, Nov. 16, 2005; 73 FR 522.167 Betamethasone sodium phosphate 76946, Dec. 18, 2008; 75 FR 76259, Dec. 8, 2010; and betamethasone acetate. 76 FR 59024, Sept. 23, 2011; 77 FR 29217, May 522.204 Boldenone. 17, 2012; 79 FR 37620, July 2, 2014; 79 FR 53136, 522.224 Bupivacaine. Sept. 8, 2014; 79 FR 64116, Oct. 28, 2014; 80 FR 522.230 Buprenorphine. 34278, June 16, 2015; 81 FR 48702, July 26, 2016] 522.234 Butamisole. 522.246 Butorphanol. § 520.2645 Tylvalosin. 522.275 N-Butylscopolammonium. 522.300 Carfentanil. (a) Specifications. Granules containing 522.304 Carprofen. 62.5 percent tylvalosin (w/w) as 522.311 Cefovecin. -
Review Article
REVIEW ARTICLE COLLAGEN METABOLISM COLLAGEN METABOLISM Types of Collagen 228 Structure of Collagen Molecules 230 Synthesis and Processing of Procollagen Polypeptides 232 Transcription and Translation 233 Posttranslational Modifications 233 Extracellular Processing of Procollagen and Collagen Fibrillogenesis 240 Functions of Collagen in Connective rissue 243 Collagen Degradation 245 Regulation of the Metabolism of Collagen 246 Heritable Diseases of Collagen 247 Recessive Dermatosparaxis 248 Recessive Forms of EDS 251 EDS VI 251 EDS VII 252 EDS V 252 Lysyl Oxidase Deficiency in the Mouse 253 X-Linked Cutis Laxa 253 Menke's Kinky Hair Syndrome 253 Homocystinuria 254 EDS IV 254 Dominant Forms of EDS 254 Dominant Collagen Packing Defect I 255 Dominant and Recessive Forms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta 258 Dominant and Recessive Forms of Cutis Laxa 258 The Marfan Syndrome 259 Acquired Diseases and Repair Processes Affecting Collagen 259 Acquired Changes in the Types of Collagen Synthesis 260 Acquired Changes in Amounts of Collagen Synthesized 263 Acquired Changes in Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine 264 Acquired Changes in Collagen Cross-Links 265 Acquired Defects in Collagen Degradation 267 Conclusion 267 Bibliography 267 Collagen Metabolism A Comparison of Diseases of Collagen and Diseases Affecting Collagen Ronald R. Minor, VMD, PhD COLLAGEN CONSTITUTES approximately one third of the body's total protein, and changes in synthesis and/or degradation of colla- gen occur in nearly every disease process. There are also a number of newly described specific diseases of collagen in both man and domestic animals. Thus, an understanding of the synthesis, deposition, and turnover of collagen is important for the pathologist, the clinician, and the basic scientist alike. -
Sample Chapter
LCMS_Chap09 (JB-D) 8/5/06 3:14 pm Page 193 9 LC-MS in doping control Detlef Thieme Introduction adjacent fields with similar analytical prospects, like veterinary residue control (predominantly dealing with identification of growth promoters Definition of doping in various matrices), forensic sciences (the major- ity of doping-relevant substances are scheduled Doping analysis comprises a diversity of sub- as controlled substances in most countries), stance classes with different pharmaceutical and environmental analysis (e.g. steroids in waste chemical properties. Therefore, the discussion of water) or clinical chemistry (e.g. due to the the suitability of liquid chromatography-mass increasing relevance of steroid hormone replace- spectrometry (LC-MS) in doping analysis needs ment therapy). to distinguish various categories. This chapter describes the key fields of appli- According to its formal definition, a doping cation of LC-MS in routine doping control (i.e. violation in sports can be caused by various screening analysis, confirmation and quantifica- events, e.g.: tion of positive results) extra to particular • the detection of a prohibited substance or research activities. The latter are focused on the metabolites or markers of that substance (as intended technical improvements (e.g. extension defined by the recent document [1] of the of detection time windows, reduction of turn- World Anti-Doping Agency [WADA]) in the around times and costs) of conventional analyti- athlete’s specimen cal procedures and, in particular, on the detection • the use of prohibited substances or methods of prohibited substances that cannot be ade- • possession or trafficking prohibited substances quately identified so far (e.g. -
Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care/2017/Volume 15 100 September 2017 Critical Care Case of the Month James T. Dean
September 2017 Critical Care Case of the Month James T. Dean III, MD Tyler R. Shackelford, DO Michel Boivin, MD Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM USA A 73-year-old man presented with a three-day history of diffuse abdominal pain, decreased urine output, nausea and vomiting. His past medical history included diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension and chronic back pain. The patient reported being started on hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, pregabalin and diclofenac within the last week in addition to his long-standing metformin prescription. Initial vitals were significant for tachypnea, tachycardia to 120 bpm, hypothermia to 35ºC and hypotension with a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. Physical exam was remarkable for bilateral lung wheezing and significant respiratory distress. Laboratory examination was concerning for a pH of 6.85, pCO2 of < 5mmHg, serum lactate of 27mmol/l, WBC of 15.6 x106 cells/cc and a serum creatinine of 8.36 mg/dl. A chest X-ray showed evidence of mild pulmonary edema and a CT of the abdomen did not show any acute pathology. What is the most likely etiology of the patient’s severe acidosis? 1. Diabetic ketoacidosis 2. Ethylene glycol poisoning 3. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis 4. Septic shock Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care/2017/Volume 15 100 Correct! 3. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis The most likely cause of the acidosis in this situation is metformin-induced lactic acidosis (1). The patient was intubated for respiratory failure secondary to severe non- compensated metabolic acidosis and shortly thereafter was started on maximal pressor support with norepinephrine, vasopressin, epinephrine and phenylephrine.