DOCSLIB.ORG

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 11, Issue, 11, pp.8323-8331, November, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.37321.11.2019 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE A SHORT REVIEW – ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN MEDICINAL PLANTS *Manisha R. Survase and Santosh D. Taware Mahatma Gandhi Mission, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Aurangabad-431003, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Medicinal plants are known to be used for centuries which are still being used for their health benefits Received 14th August, 2019 and are a valuable source for bioprospecting endophytes. These days medicinal plants are exploited Received in revised form for the isolation of plant-derived drugs as they are effective and have relatively less or no side effect, 18th September, 2019 due to which medicinal plants are getting exhausted. Endophytes are ubiquitous organisms found in Accepted 25th October, 2019 plant bodies that constitute an important component of microbial diversity. Endophytic fungi reside in th Published online 26 November, 2019 the host plant without causing apparent symptoms of infection. Endophytes are gaining attention as a subject for research, medicinal, agricultural potential and application in plant pathology due to their Key Words: benefits for the host plant in defense and development. The review reveals the importance of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants as a source of bioactive and chemically novel compounds. Endophytes, Medicinal plants transmission, Endophyte-Host interaction, Diversity. Copyright © 2019, Manisha R. Survase and Santosh D. Taware. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Manisha R. Survase and Santosh D. Taware. 2019. “A Short Review – Endophytic fungi in medicinal plants.”, International Journal of Current Research, 11, (11), 8323-8331. INTRODUCTION mutualistic, parasitic and antagonistic relationship with the host plant (Rodriguez et al., 2009). Some endophytes are found Overexploitation of forest resources has led to enormous loss to be co-evolved with their host plants and have developed the of species. Due to this exploitation of forest resources most ability to produce identical bioactive substances as their host existing medicinal plant species in India have become plants. They are known to affect the interaction of plants with endangered as they are used as raw material for herbal their environment to alter their interaction with plant pathogens industries thus creating a threat to natural populations of (Zabalgogeazcoa, 2008). Endophytic fungi play a particular medicinal plants (Zabalgogeazcoa, 2008). Endophytes are an role in their host such as defense from a pathogenic important component of microbial niche affecting the plant in microorganism, growth of plant body, solubilization of various forms. The term “endophyte” was first derived by De essential nutrients for host plants. The plant provides nutrients Barry (1866) (Sun and Guo, 2012). Many endophytic fungal to the fungi, while the fungi produce factors that protect the species inhabit the tissues of the plant body (Zabalgogeazcoa, plant from the attack by insects, animals or microbes and also, 2008). These endophytic fungi have been widely studied in it helps plants against herbivory from grazing animals various geographical and climatic zones and have been found (Raviraja, 2005). It is found that endophytes are mutualistic in to be associated with plants for over 400 million years (Krings nature, conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress et al., 2007). Since individual plants can harbor dozens of conditions in the host thus enhancing growth and survival of endophytic fungal species, assemblages of these endophytes plants in adverse conditions (Shubin et al., 2014). Based on are hence influenced by their geographic location, age, the their nature, endophytes are categorized into three groups: specificity of tissue colonization (Bhagat et al., 2012). Endophytic fungi belong to a poly-phyletic group, mostly Pathogens of another host that are non-pathogenic in their belonging to ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi. Endophytes endophytic relationship, are presumably ubiquitous in plants that reside in healthy Non-pathogenic microbes, tissues and organs such as roots, stem, leaves, branches and Pathogens that have been rendered non-pathogenic but exhibit complex interaction with the host body. According to are still capable of colonization by selection method or the study, the endophytic fungal species were found to have a genetic alteration (Gond et al., 2012). *Corresponding author: Manisha R. Survase, Mahatma Gandhi Mission, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, The accepted estimate of 1.5 million fungi on earth is primarily Aurangabad-431003, India. based on the ratio of vascular plants to fungal species of 1:6, 8324 Manisha R. Survase and Santosh D. Taware. A short review – endophytic fungi in medicinal plants but endophytic fungi have not been considered in the although there are some endophytic algae (Gimenez et al., estimation (Hawksworth, 1991). Furthermore, Petrini 2007) and oomycetes (Derevnina et al., 2016). Due to suggested that there could be more than 1 million species of extensive studies of such groups of endophytes, they were endophytic fungi still remaining to be discovered and further divided into different subgroups, such as, “obligate” or described based on ratios of vascular plants to fungal species “facultative” which are associated with all types of plants of 1:4 or 1:5 (Petrini, 1991). Endophytic fungi play an (Rosenblueth and Martínez-Romero, 2006). The endophytes important role in enhancing plant health and have been that depend on the plant for their survival, which is being recognized as an important resource of biocontrol agents to spread by any vector or by vertical transmission are termed suppress plant pests including insects and pathogens (Xiang et obligate endophytes (Hardoim et al., 2008). Whereas, the al., 2016). Medicinal plants, however, have been recognized as endophytes which stay outside the host body for certain period a repository of fungal endophyte with novel metabolites of of the life cycle and are associated with plants from its medicinal and pharmaceutical importance. It has been neighboring soil environment and atmosphere are termed as mentioned that compounds isolated from medicinal plants may facultative endophytes.Endophytes harboring plants produces not be plant metabolites but maybe from fungal metabolites secondary metabolites and synthesizes other chemicals which (Patil et al., 2015). Development in screening technologies make the plant more resistant to the nematode, insects, and portrays that endophytic microorganisms are an untapped livestock and also enables the plant to grow faster due to source of diverse metabolites, therefore microflora of production of phytohormones which make them become medicinal plants is considered as a new domain to be explored. competitive that they dominate in particular environment (Kaul Since medicinal plants are thought to provide a unique et al., 2012). environment for endophytes for the production of novel Redman et al. (1999) mentioned that endophytes may be a metabolites, they are considered to have great potential in single-gene mutant of a wild pathogenic type which makes it medicinal and agricultural applications (Sun et al., 2014). As unclear whether plant isolated fungi are actually endophytes or the contribution of endophytes in medicinal plants is unknown are latent pathogens. For example, Diaphorte phaseolorum is a it has thus created a platform for investigators to discover known pathogen causing pod and stem blight in legumes, but novel genes and compounds. also can live as an endophyte and produces spores once the host plant is dead (Schwarz et al., 2004). Endophytes may As per the study, plant pests and pathogens including viruses, produce abundant bioactive metabolites that may be involved nematodes, insects, fungi reduce plant yield by 30-50 % in host endophyte relations and may serve as a potential source globally (Mousa and Raizada, 2013). Thus, the host –fungal of novel natural products for exploitation in various fields such symbiosis may be beneficial to host conferring resistance to as medicine, agriculture, industry, etc. (Bacon and White, insects, pests, and herbivores(White et al., 1987). Different 2000). biosynthetic pathways synthesize different bioactive compounds belonging to different structural groups such as Transmission of Endophytes in the host plant: Endophytes terpenoids, phenols, quinones, steroids, coumarins, etc.(Kaul et may be transmitted either vertically or horizontally (Saikkonen al., 2012), exploration of these endophytes for such bioactive et al., 2015). Vertical transmission takes place when the seed compounds may add to the applied and ecological perspective gets infected by the fungal endophyte and then transmitted to of the endophytic community. the plant which is typically considered clonal and transmit via fungal hyphae penetrating the embryo within the What are endophytes: Endophyte refers to an organism that host’s seeds (e.g., seed transmitting forms of Epichloë (White lives within a plant body, where “endo” means “inside” and et al., 1993b).This transmission is considered to be a kind of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,267,975 B2 Strobe] Et A1
    US007267975B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,267,975 B2 Strobe] et a1. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 11,2007 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS Chen, J ., et al. “Termites fumigate their nests with naphthalene,” RELATING TO INSECT REPELLENTS Nature. 392:558-559 (Apr. 1998). FROM A NOVEL ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS Daisy, B. H. et al. “Muscodor vitigenus, anam. sp. nov. an endophyte from Paullinia paullinioides, ” Mycotaxon 84:39-50. (2002). (75) Inventors: Gary Strobe], BoZeman, MT (US); Daisy, B. et a1 “Napthalene, an insect repellent, is produced by Bryn Daisy, Anchorage, AK (U S) Muscodor vitigenus, a novel endopythic fungus”, Microbiology (2002), 148, 3737-3747. (73) Assignee: Montana State University, BoZeman, Guarro, J. et al. “Developments in Fungal Taxonomy,” Clin MT (US) Microbiol Rev. 12(3):454-500, (Jul. 1999). ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Hawksworth, D. C. et al. “Where are the undescribed fungi?” patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Phytopath 87(9):888-891 (1987). U.S.C. 154(b) by 234 days. Heath, R. R., et al. “Development and evaluation of systems to collect volatile semiochemicals from insects and plants using a (21) App1.No.: 10/687,546 charcoal-infused medium for air puri?cation,” Journal of Chemical Ecology. 18(7):1209-1226 (1992). (22) Filed: Oct. 15, 2003 Mitchell, J. I., et al. “Sequence or Structure? A Short Review on the Application of Nucleic Acid Sequence Information to Fungal Tax (65) Prior Publication Data onomy,” Mycologist. (1995). US 2004/0185031 A1 Sep. 23, 2004 Morrill, W. L., et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Their Potential As a Biological Control Agent for Ganoderma Boninense, a Pathogenic Fungus of Elaeis Guineensis
    Characterization of new Muscodor padawan and Muscodor sarawak, isolated from Sarawak, Malaysia: evaluation of their potential as a biological control agent for Ganoderma boninense, a pathogenic fungus of Elaeis guineensis By Noreha Mahidi A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Swinburne University of Technology 2015 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to isolate endophytic Muscodor-like fungi that produces anti-Ganoderma volatile chemicals, from the rich biodiversity resources of Sarawak. These fungi were then examined for their potential to be developed as biological control agents to control Ganoderma boninense, a pathogenic fungus that causes basal stem rot disease in oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. Ten new isolates of endophytic Muscodor-like fungi were successfully obtained from leaves of different plants of Cinnamomum javanicum collected from the Padawan forest in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, using a co-culture technique with Muscodor albus as the selection organism. Two isolates, Muscodor padawan and Muscodor sarawak were selected for further investigation. Muscodor padawan, when grown on potato dextrose agar, exhibits poor production of aerial mycelia, a yellowish colour, with 20 to 28mm colony diameter after 10 days of incubation at 250C. Muscodor sarawak forms whitish colony with a diameter of 23 to 30mm after 10 days of incubation at 250C and produces moderate aerial mycelia on potato dextrose agar. Scanning electron micrograph of the aerial mycelia of M. padawan showed hyphal formed coiled-like structures, spider mat-like attachments on the surface of hyphae and occasionally the presence of chlamydospores and clumps of hyphae. Formation of new hyphae at lateral main hyphae, chlamydospores at intermediate hyphae, half coiled hyphae at the tip and a strip of hyphae attached by lateral hyphae that formed short bridge-like structure were found in M.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Muscodor Cinnamomi</I>, a New Endophytic Species from <I
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2010. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON doi: 10.5248/114.15 Volume 114, pp. 15–23 October–December 2010 Muscodor cinnamomi, a new endophytic species from Cinnamomum bejolghota Nakarin Suwannarach1, Boonsom Bussaban1, Kevin D. Hyde2 & Saisamorn Lumyong1* *[email protected] 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Abstract — Muscodor cinnamomi is described as a new species, endophytic within leaf tissues of Cinnamomum bejolghota (Lauraceae) in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand. Molecular analysis indicated differences from the five previously described Muscodor spp. Volatile organic compounds analysis showed that M. cinnamomi produced azulene (differentiating it from M. crispans) but did not produce naphthalene (differentiating it from M. albus, M. roseus, and M. vitigenus). Key words — sterile ascomycete, cinnamon, endophytes, volatile compounds Introduction Plants are reservoirs of untold numbers of endophytic organisms (Bacon & White 2000). By definition, these microorganisms (mostly fungi and bacteria) reside in the tissues beneath the epidermal cell layer and cause no apparent harm to the host (Azevedo et al. 2000, Hyde & Soytong 2008). Endophytes from rainforest and medicinal plants have been studied for their volatile antibiotic and other medicinal characteristics (Strobel et al. 2003, Huang et al. 2008, 2009, Mitchell et al. 2008, Tejesvi et al. 2009, Aly et al. 2010). Five endophytes characterized by sterile mycelium that have recently been described as novel fungi are Muscodor albus isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) in Honduras (Worapong et al. 2001), M. roseus from Grevillea pteridifolia (Proteaceae) in the Northern Territory of Australia (Worapong et al.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction of Fungi Fungi Are One of the Most Diverse Life from on Earth and Predicting Number
    CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction of fungi Fungi are one of the most diverse life from on earth and predicting number of fungal species is considered important among mycologists (Hyde, 2001). Fungi are a group of organism that are classified within their own kingdom, the fungal kingdom, as they are neither plants nor animals. The fungi are fact, an ancient lineage that first appear in the fossil recode as spores in conjunction with the first appearance of land plants, about 500450 million years ago (Cairney, 2000). Fungi are eukaryotic and heterotrophic, lacking chlorophyll (Moncalvo, 2005). Most of fungi have an alternating haploid/diploid lifecycle, as seen in other sexual organism, but they also have an anamorphic lifecycle that persists without sexual recombination (Bidochka and De Koning, 2001). Most fungi are saprobic living on dead organic matter, in the soil or as pathogens and endophytes of plant and animal. The six fungal phyla accepted include the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Microsporidia and Zygomycota (Kirk et al., 2008). Currently about 80,060 species are known. Rossman (1994) estimated the number of fungal species in the world was just over 1 million (Table 2.1) based on information in the US National Fungus Collection database, an All Taxon Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) of tropical site, and the literature. Recent studies suggested that fungal diversity is greater in the tropics than in temperate regions, and might prove to be hyper-diverse, 7 and as a consequence 1.5 million species will eventually be discovered (Fröhlich and Hyde, 1999; Arnold et al., 2000). Table 2.1 Major groups of fungi and estimated world species number (Rossman, 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Endophytes: a Novel Source for Bioactive Molecules
    Endophytes:Proc Indian Natn A Novel Sci Acad Source 74 No.2 for Bioactivepp. 73-86 (2008)Molecules 73 Review Article Endophytes: A Novel Source for Bioactive Molecules VIJESHWAR VERMA*, PANKAJ SUDAN and AMARDEEP KOUR Dean College of Sciences, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMVDU), Katra (J&K State) Fast track postal address: PRO Office of SMVDU,15-C (2nd Ext.) Gandhi Nagar, Opp. Bahu Plaza, Jammu 180 003 (Received 15 Feb 2008; Accepted 7 may 2008) Endophytes inhabit theoretically every plant on the earth. They have gained increased importance after these have been reported as a novel source of potentially useful bioactive molecules e.g., anticancer, immunosuppressive and anti-viral compounds, alkaloids, antibiotics, anti-oxidants, cytochalacins etc. This has raised the hope that medicinally important plants might escape the wrath of mankind in their over exploitation for extraction of bioactive molecules from them and might survive the danger of getting extinct in near future. One of the major problems facing the future of endophyte biology is the rapidly diminishing rainforests, which hold the greatest possible resource for acquiring novel microorgan- isms and their products. The present review is to consolidate the data available on the role of endophytes producing various important bioactive molecules of therapeutic importance. Key Words: Endophytic Microorganisma; Bioactive Molecules; Life Cycle; Isolating Endophytes; Eco-friendly; Torreyanic Acid; Cytochalacine; Antibiotics; Alkaloids; Pesticides; Biodiversity. 1 Introduction plant species inhabiting the world, each individual plant The term endophyte refers here to microorganisms is a host to these unique microorganisms (Strobel, mostly fungi inhabiting plant organs without causing unpublished data).
    [Show full text]
  • Paraconiothyrium: IDENTIFICATION, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL and TROPICAL FORAGE GRASS
    NATÁLIE MARTINS ALVES Paraconiothyrium: IDENTIFICATION, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND TROPICAL FORAGE GRASS PERFORMANCE LAVRAS - MG 2018 NATÁLIE MARTINS ALVES Paraconiothyrium: IDENTIFICATION, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND TROPICAL FORAGE GRASS PERFORMANCE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola, área de concentração Microbiologia Agrícola, para obtenção do título de Doutora. Profa. Dra. Patrícia Gomes Cardoso Orientadora Prof. Dr. Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de Medeiros Coorientador LAVRAS – MG 2018 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração de Ficha Catalográfica da Biblioteca Universitária da UFLA, com dados informados pela própria autora. Alves, Natálie Martins. Paraconiothyrium: identification, biological control and tropical forage grass performance / Natálie Martins Alves. - 2018. 80 p. Orientadora: Patrícia Gomes Cardoso. Coorientador: Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de Medeiros. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2018. Bibliografia. 1. Controle biológico. 2. Germinação de sementes. 3. Taxonomia molecular. I. Cardoso, Patrícia Gomes. II. de Medeiros, Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos. III. Título. O conteúdo desta obra é de responsabilidade do (a) autor(a) e de seu orientador(a). NATÁLIE MARTINS ALVES Paraconiothyrium: IDENTIFICATION, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND TROPICAL FORAGE GRASS PERFORMANCE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola, área de concentração
    [Show full text]
  • Instituto De Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio De Janeiro Escola Nacional De Botânica Tropical Programa De Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu
    Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu Dissertação de Mestrado O gênero Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae) no Acre, Brasil Herison Medeiros de Oliveira Rio de Janeiro 2014 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu O gênero Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae) no Acre, Brasil Herison Medeiros de Oliveira Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, do Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Botânica. Orientadora: Dra. Rafaela Campostrini Forzza Co-orientador: Dr. Pedro Acevedo Rodríguez Rio de Janeiro 2014 ii O gênero Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae) no Acre, Brasil Herison Medeiros de Oliveira Dissertação submetida ao corpo docente da Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro - JBRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do grau de Mestre. Aprovada por: Profª. Drª. Rafaela Campostrini Forzza (Orientadora) ________________________ Profª. Drª. Genise Vieira Somner ________________________ Prof. Dr. Vidal Masano de Freitas ________________________ Em 28/02/2014 Rio de Janeiro 2014 iii Oliveira, Herison Medeiros de. O48g O gênero Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae) no Acre, Brasil / Herison Medeiros de Oliveira. – Rio de Janeiro, 2014. xvii, 88 f. : il. ; 28 cm. Dissertação (mestrado) – Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro / Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, 2014. Orientadora: Rafaela Campostrini Forzza. Co-orientador: Pedro Acevedo Rodríguez. 1. Sapindaceae. 2. Paullinia. 3. Taxonomia vegetal.
    [Show full text]
  • Ricardo De Nardi Fonoff
    1 Universidade de São Paulo Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura Maria Carolina dos Santos e Silva Bioprospecção e caracterização de microrganismos endofíticos de isolados de sementes de guaranazeiro e o controle da antracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) Piracicaba 2015 1 MARIA CAROLINA DOS SANTOS E SILVA Bioprospecção e caracterização de microrganismos endofíticos de isolados de sementes de guaranazeiro e o controle da antracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de energia Nuclear na Agricultura da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Área de Concentração: Biologia na Agricultura e no Ambiente Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Lúcio de Azevedo Piracicaba 2015 2 AUTORIZO A DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Seção Técnica de Biblioteca - CENA/USP Silva, Maria Carolina dos Santos e Bioprospecção e caracterização de microrganismos endofíticos de isolados de sementes de guaranazeiro e o controle da antracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) / Maria Carolina dos Santos e Silva; orientador João Lúcio de Azevedo. - - Piracicaba, 2015. 76 p.: il. Dissertação (Mestrado – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências. Área de Concentração: Biologia na Agricultura e no Ambiente) – Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura da Universidade de São Paulo. 1. Biotecnologia 2. Controle químico 3. Enzimas 4. Guaraná 5. Microbiologia I. Título CDU 579.6 : 582.746.46 3 Dedico e ofereço A meus pais Pedro e Sônia pelo incentivo, paciência, dedicação e muito amor dado e recebido. 4 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Á Deus pela vida! Ao Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology of Endophytic Fungi
    Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology Doi 10.5943/cream/2/1/3 Biology of Endophytic Fungi Selim KA1,*, El-Beih AA1, AbdEl-Rahman TM2 and El-Diwany AI 1 1Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. 2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Selim KA, El-Beih AA, AbdEl-Rahman TM, El-Diwany AI. 2012 – Biology of Endophytic Fungi. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 2(1), 31–82, Doi 10.5943/cream/2/1/3 Endophytic fungi that are residing asymptomatically in internal tissues of all higher plants are of growing interest as promising sources of biologically active agents. This review focuses on the biology of endophytic fungi, their discovery, isolation, identification, and diversity and their biological activities in environmental and agricultural sustainability. It also considersand their medicinal applications especially in the production of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral compounds. Endophytic fungi are one of the most creative groups of secondary metabolite producers that play important biological roles for human life. They are potential sources of novel natural agents for exploitation in the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and in environmental applications. Key words – Biological Roles – Ecology – Endophytic Fungi – Identification – Isolation – Secondary Metabolites Article Information Received 30 January 2012 Accepted 4 May 2012 Published online 20 June 2012 *Corresponding author: Khaled A. Selim – e-mail – [email protected] Introduction actinomycetes, and fungi). The discovery of natural products involves isolation, structural Natural Products as Important Sources in elucidation and establishing the bio-synthetic the Drug Discovery Process pathway of the secondary metabolites.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas Escola De Ciências Da Saúde Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia E Recursos Naturais Da Amazônia
    UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS ESCOLA DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOTECNOLOGIA E RECURSOS NATURAIS DA AMAZÔNIA ALINE OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS ESTUDO QUÍMICO E BIOLÓGICO DO FITOPATÓGENO Fusarium decemcellulare E DE UM NOVO ENDÓFITO Arcopilus amazonicus ISOLADOS DO GUARANAZEIRO MANAUS 2020 ALINE OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS ESTUDO QUÍMICO E BIOLÓGICO DO FITOPATÓGENO Fusarium decemcellulare E DE UM NOVO ENDÓFITO Arcopilus amazonicus ISOLADOS DO GUARANAZEIRO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos naturais da Amazônia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de mestre em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen MANAUS 2020 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central da Universidade do Amazonas S237e Santos, Aline Oliveira dos. Estudo químico e biológico do Fitopatógeno Fusarium decemcellulare e de um novo endófito Arcopilus amazonicus isolados no guaranazeiro/ Aline Oliveira dos Santos . –Manaus : [S.n.], 2020. 99 p.: il., color; 30 cm. Orientador: Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen Dissertação (Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia)-Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, 2020. Inclui bibliografia 1. Arcopilus amazonicus. 2. Fusarium decemcellulare. 3. Oosporina I. Koolen, Hector Henrique Ferreira. II. Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. III. Título CDU 581.2(811.3) Dedico este trabalho a minha mãe, pelo incentivo e apoio, pois a ela devo todas as minhas conquistas. “A menos que modifiquemos a nossa maneira de pensar, não seremos capazes de resolver os problemas causados pela forma como nos acostumamos a ver o mundo”. Albert Einstein AGRADECIMENTOS À Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, pelo espaço laboratorial para a realização do Mestrado.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Muscodor Cinnamomi</I>, a New Endophytic Species From
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2010. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON doi: 10.5248/114.15 Volume 114, pp. 15–23 October–December 2010 Muscodor cinnamomi, a new endophytic species from Cinnamomum bejolghota Nakarin Suwannarach1, Boonsom Bussaban1, Kevin D. Hyde2 & Saisamorn Lumyong1* *[email protected] 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Abstract — Muscodor cinnamomi is described as a new species, endophytic within leaf tissues of Cinnamomum bejolghota (Lauraceae) in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand. Molecular analysis indicated differences from the five previously described Muscodor spp. Volatile organic compounds analysis showed that M. cinnamomi produced azulene (differentiating it from M. crispans) but did not produce naphthalene (differentiating it from M. albus, M. roseus, and M. vitigenus). Key words — sterile ascomycete, cinnamon, endophytes, volatile compounds Introduction Plants are reservoirs of untold numbers of endophytic organisms (Bacon & White 2000). By definition, these microorganisms (mostly fungi and bacteria) reside in the tissues beneath the epidermal cell layer and cause no apparent harm to the host (Azevedo et al. 2000, Hyde & Soytong 2008). Endophytes from rainforest and medicinal plants have been studied for their volatile antibiotic and other medicinal characteristics (Strobel et al. 2003, Huang et al. 2008, 2009, Mitchell et al. 2008, Tejesvi et al. 2009, Aly et al. 2010). Five endophytes characterized by sterile mycelium that have recently been described as novel fungi are Muscodor albus isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) in Honduras (Worapong et al. 2001), M. roseus from Grevillea pteridifolia (Proteaceae) in the Northern Territory of Australia (Worapong et al.
    [Show full text]