DOCSLIB.ORG

Pediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies Pediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies Commissioned by The Inquiry into Pediatric Forensic Pathology Ontario, Canada (As amended, 15 February 2008) Authors: Stephen Cordner Jonathon Ehsani Lyndal Bugeja Joseph Ibrahim Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine November 2007 Paediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies i Title Page This paper was written by Stephen Cordner (1), Jonathon Ehsani (2), Lyndal Bugeja (3), and Joseph Ibrahim (4) from the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine in Australia for the Inquiry into Pediatric Forensic Pathology in Ontario, Canada. The authors thank Dr Jeffrey Hubbard, Albany, New York for his comments on this paper. Any faults are ours, however. Editorial decisions and the opinions expressed are the responsibility of the first author and do not represent those of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine or Monash University or of the Inquiry into Pediatric Forensic Pathology or the Commissioner. 1—Stephen Cordner AM MA MB BS BMedSc DipCrim DMJ FRCPA FRCPath Professor of Forensic Medicine, Monash University. Director, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Australia. 2—Jonathon Ehsani BMedSci, MPH (International), MH.Sci (Public Health) PhD Candidate, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Senior Research Officer, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Victoria, Australia. 3—Lyndal Bugeja BA (Hons - Criminology) PhD Candidate, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Senior Research Officer, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Victoria, Australia. 4—Joseph Ibrahim MB BS Grad Cert HE PhD MRACMA FAFPHM FRACP Consultant Physician, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Victoria, Australia. The authors acknowledge with thanks the assistance of Ms Kerry Johannes, Library Manager at the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine. Paediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies ii Soothsayer: In nature’s infinite book of secrecy A little I can read. —Antony and Cleopatra, Act 1, Scene ii Paediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies iii Abbreviations BAPP Beta-amyloid precursor protein CPR Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation CSF Cerebro-spinal fluid DAI Diffuse Axonal Injury FII Fabricated or Induced Illness (see also MSbP) HDN Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn IHT Inflicted Head Trauma ILO International Labour Organisation LQTS Long QT Syndrome MSbP Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (see also FII) NAI Non-accidental injury NAHI Non-accidental head injury NCIS National Coroners Information System NT Northern Territory QAP Quality Assurance Program SA South Australia SDH Subdural hemorrhage SBS Shaken Baby Syndrome SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SUDI Sudden Unexplained Death in Infancy UK United Kingdom USA United States of America VIFM Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine WA Western Australia WHO World Health Organization Paediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies iv Glossary and Definitions Acute Of recent origin. Anoxia Absence of oxygen in the blood or tissues. Ante-partum Before the beginning of labour. Anterior* Anatomical term: to the front (of). Anthropophagy The generally post-mortem phenomenon of animals, sea creatures or insects consuming human tissue. Artefact (artifact) Artificial product. In relation to autopsy, it is a sign or finding imitating pathology, disease, or injury occurring in life. Asphyxia A complex and confusing term used in varying ways by different authors. It is discussed in detail in this paper. The common notion of asphyxia is a mechanical interference of some sort with breathing. Atrial septal defect “A hole in the heart”; usually small and of little significance. Autopsy The post-mortem examination of a body involving its external and internal examination and incorporating the results of special tests. In a full autopsy, the internal examination involves, but is not limited to, examining the contents of the cranium, chest, and abdomen. Further dissection can and should occur in particular circumstances. Axon A nerve fibre. Bilateral Both sides (of the body). Biochemistry The chemistry of biology, the application of the tools and concepts of chemistry to living systems [1]. Born Complete expulsion of the baby from the mother. Born alive Complete expulsion from the mother and an independent existence from the mother (established breathing and circulation). Brainstem The connection between the brain and the spinal cord; an enlarged extension of the spinal cord attaching to the brain within the skull. Bruise, bruising Bleeding into tissues from damaged blood vessels, usually as a result of external injury. Most commonly understood as bruise in or under the skin, but can occur in any tissue, e.g., muscle, heart, liver, etc. Calvarium The vault of the skull. Caput succedaneum Diffuse swelling of the scalp in a newborn caused by pressure from the uterus or vaginal wall during a head-first (vertex) delivery. Cardiac To do with the heart. Paediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies v Case series A study reporting observations on a series of individuals, usually all receiving the same intervention, with no control group [2]. Cardiopulmonary Compression of the chest and artificial respiration in attempts to restart the beating resuscitation of the heart and spontaneous breathing. Cerebellar tonsillar Protrusion, and consequently compression of, the cerebellum into the foramen herniation magnum as a result of raised pressure inside the skull. This is a very serious and often fatal development when associated also with compression of the brain stem (coning). Cerebral edema Swelling of the brain due to an extracellular accumulation of watery fluid. Cerebral Injury to the substance of the cerebral hemispheres (the largest part) of the brain parenchymal injury Cerebro-spinal fluid The clear fluid circulating around and within the spaces—ventricular system—of (CSF) the brain and spinal cord. Choking Internal obstruction of the larynx, laryngo-pharynx (i.e., the back of the throat), such as by a large piece of food. Sometimes colloquially used to equate with manual strangulation. Clinical Relating to patients. Computerized CT scanning computes multiple X-ray images to generate cross-sectional and other tomography (CT) views of the body’s anatomy. It can identify normal and abnormal structures and be scanner; used to guide procedures [1]. computerized axial tomography (CAT) Congenital Born with. Coning Compression of the brain stem in the foramen magnum because of raised pressure in the skull (or technically, raised intra-cranial pressure). Conjunctiva, -ae, -al The thin membrane lining of the inner aspect of the eyelids and covering the eyes. Contusion Bruise, bruising. Coronary Hardening of the arteries of the heart, heart disease, heart attack, myocardial atherosclerosis infarction. Cutaneous Relating to the skin. Cyanosis A bluish colour of the skin and the mucous membranes reflecting the absolute amount of insufficiently oxygenated blood. For example, the lips may show cyanosis. Cyanosis can be evident at birth, as in a "blue baby" who has a heart malformation that permits blood that is not fully oxygenated to enter the arterial circulation. Its significance as an observation post mortem (as opposed to a clinical observation in life) is minimal [1]. Dermis The leathery part of the skin, covered by the scaly epidermis. Duodenum The first part of the small intestine encountered by food as it leaves the stomach. It Paediatric Forensic Pathology: Limits and Controversies vi connects with the jejunum. Encephalopathy See hypoxic ischemic-encephalopathy Embolus, embolism See Thrombus Epicardium, The outer aspect of the heart. epicardial Epidermis The scaly outer layer of the skin overlying the leathery dermis. Extradural Outside the dura, the membrane lining the inner aspect of the skull, and between it and the skull. Usually used in reference to extradural hemorrhage accompanying head trauma in some circumstances. Extravasation The presence of blood cells in the tissues outside blood vessels; bleeding; hemorrhage. Filicide The killing of a child by a parent. Fontanel The fontanel is a "soft spot" of the skull between the skull bones that has not yet hardened into bone. There are normally two fontanels, both in the midline of the skull: the anterior and posterior fontanel. The posterior fontanel closes by the age of about 8 weeks in a full-term baby. And the anterior fontanel closes at 18 months of age on the average but it can close as early as nine months. If they are sunken or tense, that might indicate a problem [1]. Foramen magnum The hole at the bottom of the skull through which the spinal cord joins the brain stem and, thus, the brain. Forensic Relating to the courts, or more generally, the law. Forensic Medicine The application of the principles and practices of medicine to the needs of the law. The term (and not the practice) encompasses forensic pathology, clinical forensic medicine, forensic psychiatry and, in more recent times, the area of medical law and ethics. Forensic Pathology Part of pathology and is particularly concerned with the investigation of sudden and unexpected deaths from all causes. The discipline of pathology concerned with the investigation of deaths where there are medico-legal implications. Forensic Science The application of science to the needs of the law. Operationally, in the developed world, there are few forensic scientists. Rather, there are forensic biologists, forensic chemists, botanists, toxicologists,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Did Child Sexual Offending by Women Come to Be an Unthinkable Crime? a Critical Genealogy
    How Did Child Sexual Offending by Women Come to Be an Unthinkable Crime? A Critical Genealogy Andrea Josipovic MCouns (University of Queensland), Magister Artium (German Philology, Art History and European History, Universität zu Köln) 0000-0002-8819-1029 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2020 School of History and Philosophical Inquiry Abstract My thesis seeks to investigate the historical dimension of modern concerns about child sexual abuse, with a particular focus on women as offenders. It attempts to redress conceptual oversights which are directly related to the single-minded view that child sexual abuse constitutes a gendered crime whereby women as agents of such abuse have been rendered almost completely absent. The assumption is that the very great majority of sexual offending is committed by men, not women, and not, for that matter, other children. Everyday encounters with this dominant narrative have prompted me to engage in a more detailed inquiry. Despite its ubiquity, time and again cases emerge where women have criminally engaged in sex with children. Since women and children often find themselves alone together within spheres of “privacy,” I will primarily be studying the domestic space of the family home as the site of its occurrence. I am interested to learn how women as possible offenders of child sexual abuse have vanished from sight, and along with them, their victims. Accounts of contemporary child protection practice do not often centralise history as their primary object of inquiry in order to deepen an understanding of present concerns. In contrast, I plan to demonstrate that there is indeed merit in investigating the genealogy of child sexual abuse as a gendered crime, not least because it can help to inform and adjust contemporary child protection assessments.
    [Show full text]
  • What You Lose When You Sign That Donor Card Giving Away Your Organs Sounds Noble, but Have Doctors Blurred the Line Between Life and Death?
    What You Lose When You Sign That Organ-Donor Card - WSJ.com http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204603004577269910... Dow Jones Reprints: This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers, use the Order Reprints tool at the bottom of any article or visit www.djreprints.com See a sample reprint in PDF format. Order a reprint of this article now LIFE & CULTURE Updated March 13, 2012, 10:11 a.m. ET What You Lose When You Sign That Donor Card Giving away your organs sounds noble, but have doctors blurred the line between life and death? By DICK TERESI The last time I renewed my driver's license, the clerk at the DMV asked if she should check me off as an organ donor. I said no. She looked at me and asked again. I said, "No. Just check the box that says, 'I am a heartless, selfish bastard.'" Becoming an organ donor seems like a win-win situation. Some 3.3 people on the transplant waiting list will have their lives extended by your gift (3.3 is the average yield of solid organs per donor). You're a hero, and at no real cost, apparently. But what are you giving up when you check the donor box on your license? Your organs, of course—but much more. You're also giving up your right to informed consent. Doctors don't have to tell you or your relatives what they will do to your body during an organ harvest operation because you'll be dead, with no legal rights.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Know If You're Dead
    How to Know If You're Dead Beating-heart cadavers, live burial, and the scientific search for the soul A patient on the way to surgery travels at twice the speed of a patient on the way to the morgue. Gurneys that ferry the living through hospital corridors move forward in an aura of purpose and push, flanked by caregivers with long strides and set faces, steadying IVs, pumping ambu bags, barreling into double doors. A gurney with a cadaver commands no urgency. It is wheeled by a single person, calmly and with little notice, like a shopping cart. For this reason, I thought I would be able to tell when the dead woman was wheeled past. I have been standing around at the nurses' station on one of the surgery floors of the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center, watching gurneys go by and waiting for Von Peterson, public affairs manager of the California Transplant Donor Network, and a cadaver I will call H. "There's your patient," says the charge nurse. A commotion of turquoise legs passes with unexpected forward-leaning urgency. H is unique in that she is both a dead person and a patient on the way to surgery. She is what's known as a "beating-heart cadaver," alive and well everywhere but her brain. Up until artificial respiration was developed, there was no such entity; without a functioning brain, a body will not breathe on its own. But hook it up to a respirator and its heart will beat, and the rest of its organs will, for a matter of days, continue to thrive.
    [Show full text]
  • From Modern to Postmodern Medicine: the Case of Organ Transplants
    FROM MODERN TO POSTMODERN MEDICINE: THE CASE OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY NİHAN BOZOK IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY FEBRUARY 2015 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Ayşe Saktanber Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Yıldırım Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Ş. Halil Turan (METU, PHIL) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şen (METU, SOC) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Yıldırım (METU, SOC) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nedim Karakayalı (Bilkent U, POL. SCI) Asst. Prof. Dr. Çağatay Topal (METU, SOC) PLAGIARISM I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Nihan Bozok Signature : iii ABSTRACT FROM MODERN TO POSTMODERN MEDICINE: THE CASE OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS Bozok, Nihan Ph.D., Department of Sociology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Yıldırım February, 2015, 240 pages This thesis investigates the constituent tendencies of postmodern medicine, concentrating upon the organ transplantation therapy.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain Death S34 (1)
    BRAIN DEATH S34 (1) Brain Death Last updated: December 19, 2020 CRITERIA FOR BRAIN DEATH .................................................................................................................. 1 APNEA TEST (S. APNEA CHALLENGE) ...................................................................................................... 5 ANCILLARY STUDIES ............................................................................................................................... 6 CARE OF ORGAN DONOR .......................................................................................................................... 9 ORGAN DONATION AFTER CARDIAC DEATH .......................................................................................... 11 PEDIATRIC ASPECTS ............................................................................................................................... 12 Diagnosing brain death must never be rushed or take priority over the needs of the patient or the family BRAIN DEATH (BD) or DEATH BY NEUROLOGICAL CRITERIA (DNC) – permanent loss of brain function* (cerebrum nor brain stem nor cerebellum) (i.e. no clinical detection at bedside).** *vs. brain activity (such as laboratory detection of cellular-level neuronal and neuroendocrine activity) is compatible with brain death, e.g. osmolar control - some patients develop diabetes insipidus only after clinical signs of brain death (i.e. diabetes insipidus is not required for BD diagnosis). **vs. VEGETATIVE STATE - brain stem is intact. It is suggested
    [Show full text]
  • In a Time of Torture
    IN A TIME OF TORTURE The Assault on Justice In Egypt's Crackdown on Homosexual Conduct Human Rights Watch Copyright © 2004 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1564322963 Cover photo: © 2002, Norbert Schiller Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: 1-(212) 290-4700, Fax: 1-(212) 736-1300 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel:1-(202) 612-4321, Fax:1-(202) 612-4333 [email protected] 2nd Floor, 2-12 Pentonville Road London N1 9HF, UK Tel: 44 20 7713 1995, Fax: 44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] Rue Van Campenhout 15, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: 32 (2) 732-2009, Fax: 32 (2) 732-0471 [email protected] 8 rue des Vieux-Grenadiers 1205 Geneva Tel: +41 22 320 55 90, Fax: +41 22 320 55 11 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Listserv address: To receive Human Rights Watch news releases by email, subscribe to the HRW news listserv of your choice by visiting http://hrw.org/act/subscribe-mlists/subscribe.htm Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law.
    [Show full text]
  • Bea2017.Pdf (3.251Mb)
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. No Heroics, Please Mapping Deceased Donation Practices in a Catalan Hospital Sara Bea PhD in Science Technology and Innovation Studies The University of Edinburgh 2016 Declaration I declare that the thesis has been composed by myself and that the work presented is my own, except where explicitly indicated otherwise in the text. (Sara Bea) ii iii Abstract This thesis presents an in-depth ethnographic mapping of deceased donation in a Catalan hospital. A unique site in terms of leading edge technoscientific practices, high rates of donation and its consolidated specialised team of transplant coordinators (TCs). The thesis situates donation as an embedded medical practice and traces the practicalities and specificities of making donation a possibility at the hospital. The empirical accounts offer a distinctive contribution that complements and challenges existing social sciences literature about donation.
    [Show full text]
  • Jain Digest Dec 2015.Pdf
    A Publication of the Federation of Jain Associations in North America (JAINA) email: [email protected] JAINA is an umbrella organization of local Jain Associations in U.S.A. and Canada. The purpose of the organization is to preserve, practice, and promote Jain Dharma and Jain Way of life. JAINA Headquarters: 722 S Main St, Milpitas, CA 95035 Tele: 408-262-6242, email: [email protected], Web: www.jaina.org JAINA Executive Committee JAIN DIGEST Editorial Team 310-721-5947 President Ashok Domadia email: [email protected] [email protected] Jain Digest Committee Chairman First VP: Gunvant Shah Mahesh Wadher [email protected] Editors Treasurer: Rita Sheth Dilip Parekh [email protected] Sanjay Bhandari Yogendra Bobra Secretory: Shobha Vora Reena Shah [email protected] Art and Design VP Northeast: Dr. Mamta Shaha Jayana Shah [email protected] Rishita Dagli Pooja Shah VP Mideast: Prakash Mehta [email protected] IT Support Giriraj Jain VP Midwest: Hemant T. Shah [email protected] Advertisements Mahesh Wadher VP Southeast: Rajendra Mehta Shobha Vora [email protected] VP Southwest: Pradeep Shah [email protected] VP West: Mahesh Wadher [email protected] VP Canada: Raj Patil [email protected] Past President: Prem Jain [email protected] YJA Chair: Puja Savla Disclosure [email protected] The Editorial Team endeavors to publish all the materials that are submitted but reserves the right to reduce, revise, reject, or edit any article, letter, or YJA Chair: Sunny Dharod abstract for clarity, space, or policy reasons. The views [email protected] expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Editorial YJP Co-Chair : Neal Daftary Team.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Physiological Decapitation' As a Heuristic for Understanding
    The Signs of Death Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Scripta Varia 110, Vatican City 2007 www.pas.va/content/dam/accademia/pdf/sv110/sv110-shewmon.pdf MENTAL DISCONNECT: ‘PHYSIOLOGICAL DECAPITATION’ AS A HEURISTIC FOR UNDERSTANDING ‘BRAIN DEATH’ *,1 D. ALAN SHEWMON 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The important task entrusted to this Conference by Popes Benedict XVI and his predecessor John Paul II has been clearly articulated by Bishop Chancellor Sánchez Sorondo: ‘The Academy is thus faced with the task of seeing whether the criterion of brain death (according to its full definition) indicates the biological state of death of an individual …’ (Conference Brochure, p. 4, ‘The Purpose of the Meeting’). It is remarkable that in the last decade or so, the various position state- ments and official commentaries on brain death by neurological and other medical societies have failed to state why brain death should be regarded as death of the individual. The same can be said for many recent books and chapters by neurologists on the subject. The equivalence is simply taken for granted as common knowledge, and the discussions focus rather on such aspects as diagnostic criteria for determining that the brain is dead, con- troversies over how much of the brain must be destroyed for the brain as a whole to be dead, etc. The American Academy of Neurology, for example, in its ‘Practice Parameters for Determining Brain Death in Adults’ (1995), which still remain the gold-standard diagnostic criteria in the United States, did not offer a single reason why it considers death of the brain to be death.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Some Jain Responses to Non-Jain Religious Practices, by Phyllis Granoff 1 2
    THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUDDHIST STUDIES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 93-^.M Roger Jackson Dept. of Religion Carleton College Northfield, MN 55057 V''-, W=:- ..- '• / USA cT£ . O"". °^ EDITORS Peter N. Gregory Ernst Steinkellner University of Illinois University of Vienna Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA Wien, Austria Alexander W. Macdonald Jikido Takasaki University de Paris X University of Tokyo Nanterre, France Tokyo, Japan Steven Collins Robert Thurman Concordia University Columbia University Montreal, Canada New York, New York, USA Volume 15 1992 Number 1 CONTENTS L ARTICLES 1. The Violence of Non-Violence: A Study of Some Jain Responses to Non-Jain Religious Practices, by Phyllis Granoff 1 2. Is the Dharma-kaya the Real "Phantom Body" of the Buddha?, by Paul Harrison 44 3. Lost in China, Found in Tibet: How Wonch'uk Became the Author of the Great Chinese Commentary, by John Powers 95 U. PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS Some Observations on the Present and Future of Buddhist Studies, by D. Seyfort Ruegg 104 HL AN EXCHANGE The Theatre of Objectivity: Comments on Jose Cabezon's Interpretations of mKhas grub rje's and C.W. Huntington, Jr.'s Interpretations of the TibetaV Translation of a Seventh Century Indian Buddhist Text, by C W. Huntington, Jr. 118 On Retreating to Method and Other Postmodern Turns: A Response to C. W. Huntington, Jr., by Jos6 Ignacio Cabezdn 134 IV. BOOK REVIEWS 1. Choix de Documents tibttains conserve's d la Bibliotheque Nationale compliti par quelques manuscrits de I'India Office et du British Museum, by Yoshiro Imaeda and Tsugohito Takeuchi (Alexander W. Macdonald) 144 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime-Scene-Technician-Curriculum-Guide
    © A Curriculum Guide for Contextualized Instruction in Workforce Readiness Crime Scene Technician The Literacy Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center 3600 W Broad St. Ste 112 Richmond, VA 23230 www.valrc.org Southwest Virginia Community College 724 Community College Road Cedar Bluff, VA 24609 1 www.pluggedinva.com This work by Virginia Commonwealth University is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. PluggedInVA© is a project of the Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center at Virginia Commonwealth University. PluggedInVA© has received funds from the Governor's Productivity Investment Fund, The Chancellor's Elearning Enhancement & Development Grant, the Virginia Department of Education Office of Adult Education & Literacy, the Virginia Community College System, the Virginia Employment Commission, and the Department of Labor. This curriculum guide was developed as part of a Department of Labor Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training grant to Southwest Virginia Community College. 2 October, 2013 Table of Contents I. PluggedInVA Introduction and Project Rationale II. PluggedInVA Curriculum Framework III. Instructional Schedules Monthly Objectives Weekly Instructional Template IV. Capstone Project Project Description Project Planning Template V. Instructional Approaches and Strategies VI. Materials and Resources Appendices i. Sample Instructional Activities ii. College Survival Resources iii. Online Collaboration Tool Example v. Phlebotomy Classroom Activities and Resources A. Career Assessment B. Ethics and Justice C. Mythbusting in Forensic Science D. What is Leadership? And What is Its Value? Information about the PluggedInVA project, including resources for planning and implementation, are available on the PluggedInVA website. 3 I. Introduction PluggedInVA is a career pathways program that prepares adult learners with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in postsecondary education, training, and high-demand, high-wage careers in the 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Bioethical Issues in Jain Perspective Dr. N.L. Kachhara And
    National Seminar on Engaging Jainism on Modern Issues, Ladnun, Feb 2017 Some Bioethical Issues in Jain Perspective Dr. N.L. Kachhara and Dr. I.L. Jain Abstract Advances in biology and medicine have raised issues of new types of ethics and has forced various religions to express their views on these developments. These developments are being introduced with the aim of passing the benefits of scientific advancements for the well being of humans and other living beings. Study of these biological and medical advancements from moral point of view has given rise to the new discipline of bioethics. Bioethics today is concerned with life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law and philosophy. Some of the important recent biological and medical practices are abortion, euthanasia, cloning, artificial insemination and infertility, blood transfusion, body modification, human enhancement, contraception and population control, life extension, organ donation and organ transplant, surrogacy, etc. No Jain scholar or religious leader is known to have expressed views on these practices in scientific community. The principle of non violence forms the foundation of Jain religion. The life in Jain philosophy is characterized by jiva (soul) or atman which is non-corporeal and eternal and cannot be destroyed by any means. The worldly soul is embodied and occupies the body (gross) according to his karma. The body is supported by vital powers in the form of prana in its existence. Killing in Jainism is defined as depriving the body of prana , pranaatipaata , so that the material body is no longer sustained and death occurs. There are ten pranas which exist in two forms one as power of the soul, bhava prana , and the other as vital powers, dravya prana .
    [Show full text]