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Systematic Review of the Mastacembelidae Or Spiny Eels of Burma and Thailand, with Description of Two New Species of Macrognathus

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Systematic Review of the Mastacembelidae Or Spiny Eels of Burma and Thailand, with Description of Two New Species of Macrognathus Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol. 33, No. 2 1986 33巻2号1986年 Systematic Review of the Mastacembelidae or Spiny Eels of Burma and Thailand, with Description of Two New Species of Macrognathus Tyson R. Roberts (Received September 20, 1985) Abstract Burma and Thailand are inhabited by 14 species of Mastacembelidae, eight Macro gnathus and six Mastacembelus. Two new species of Macrognathus are described from Thailand, one with rostral toothplates and one without. Mastacembelus dayi, known only from Burma, is a valid species related to M. alboguttatus; Mastacembelus favus, from Thailand and Western Ma laysia, is distinct from its close relative M. armatus. Mastacernbeloids or spiny eels are a distinct and Mastacembelus unicolor do not occur there. group of percomorph fishes restricted to fresh On the other hand, it appears that Mastacembelus waters of Africa and Asia. The suborder has favus, known only from Thailand and Western recently been divided into two families, Chaud Malaysia, is distinct from the more widely dis huriidae and Mastacembelidae, and the Masta tributed Mastacembelus armatus, with which it is cembelidae into two subfamilies, Afromastacem sometimes sympatric. belinae (restricted to Africa) and Mastacembelinae Methods and materials (restricted to Asia) (Travers, 1984a, b). Thus understood, Mastacembelinae comprise the genera Descriptions given for some species, including Macrognathus and Mastacembelus. The 14 species those Macrognathus treated in my revision of these two genera found in Burma and Thailand (Roberts, 1980) are quite brief; more detailed are reviewed in this paper. accounts are given of the two new species and of This study began when Sven Kullander of the poorly known species such as Mastacembelus dayi Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm sent 17 and M. oatesii. The only species known from lots of mastacembelids collected in Burma prior Burma and Thailand for which material is not to WW II to me for identification. The material reported on are the relatively well known included specimens of two rare and poorly known Mastacembelus erythrotaenia and Macrognathus species, Mastacembelus dayi and M. oatesii. Sub caudiocellatus, known only from the type speci sequently, I spent several months of 1985 in mens. I examined several lots of M. erythrotaenia Thailand, collecting fresh material and examining in Thailand but did not take data on the specimens specimens in museum collections, including ex and thus they are not included in this report. tensive collections from the poorly known Salween This study is based on specimens deposited in River and its tributaries collected by Sompote the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm), Ukkatewewat of the National Inland Fisheries NRM ; Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Institute and others in recent years. Thus I am Belgique, IRSNB; California Academy of Sciences, able to report on the rare species Mastacembelus CAS, including material formerly at Stanford alboguttatus collected in the Salween as well as University, CAS-SU; British Museum of Natural on two new species of Macrognathus. One new History, BMNH; Philadelphia Academy of Nat Macrognathus is known only from a single collec ural Sciences, ANSP; Kasetsart University Muse tion, taken in the Meklong River basin of West um of Fisheries, Bangkok, KUMF; National ern Thailand, but the other new species occurs in Inland Fisheries Institute of Thailand, Bangkok, the Meklong, Chao Phrya and Mekong basins NIFI; Thailand National Research Council, Bang and is perhaps the commonest species of the kok, TNRC; University of Michigan Museum of mastacembelids in Central and Eastern Thailand. Zoology, UMMZ ; and Museum National d'His Having examined extensive material from Thai toire Naturelle, Paris, MNHN. land, I conclude that Macrognathus maculatus Fully detailed locality data, including collector ―95― 魚類学雑誌 Japan. J. Ichthyol. 33(2), 1986 and date of collection, if known, are given only perience (including examination of radiographs for new species. In general, I have refrained from of several hundred specimens of Asian and modifying the spelling or wording of localities African mastacembelids), this spine is invariably obtained from labels accompanying specimens. present. It is included in the counts given here. The description of some localities may include Counts of anal fin spines are not recorded for each ambiguities, but it seems better to admit them species because Macrognathus and Mastacembelus rather than to risk introducing erroneous locality invariably have 3 anal fin spines. citation. Definitions of vertebral counts are as follows: In studying mastacembelids radiography is in total vertebrae=all vertebrae with complete and dispensable because meristic characters (including separate centra, including urophore as one; dorsal and anal fin ray counts) are important and predorsal vertebrae =vertebrae with neural spines cannot readily be obtained in other ways. Pub lying anterior to first pterygiophore of spiny lished counts of dorsal and anal fin rays obtained dorsal fin (whether or not first pterygiophore directly from whole specimens which have not bears a dorsal fin spine); abdominal vertebrae= been cleared and stained are often unreliable. all vertebrae lying anterior to anteriormost anal There is also the problem that specimens may be fin pterygiophore; caudal vertebrae =vertebrae anomalous (teratologically or due to mechanical posterior to anteriormost anal fin pterygiophore injury), producing abnormal counts of fin rays (including urophore as 1). In instances where and vertebrae. Such specimens may appear anteriormost anal fin pterygiophore lies exactly normal to casual or even detailed examination of on the hemal spine of a vertebra, that vertebra is external features, but the anomaly is readily ap arbitrarily counted as an abdominal vertebra. parent in radiography. In gathering meristic data on mastacembelids I routinely scan the Key to Mastacembelidae of Burma and Thailand radiograph of each specimen for anomalies in the axial skeleton (mainly vertebral fusions). If 1a. Dorsal fin spines 32 or less; total vertebrae anomalies are present, data are not taken. To usually 84 or less; rostrum relatively large, include data from such specimens would not in some species concave ventral surface serve any useful purpose, and would greatly lessen lined with toothplates; rim of tubular the utility of meristics in defining taxa. While anterior nostril with six fingerlike projec there is an element of subjectivity in determining tions except in one species; adductor arcus whether a specimen is normal, most of the speci palatini muscle attached to first infraorbital mens thus discounted are grossly abnormal. bone (Macrognathus) 2 Thus in the series of 3 specimens of Mastacembelus 1b. Dorsal fin spines 33 or more; total vertebrae armatus from the Tapi River basin, one specimen 79 or more: rostrum relatively small, never has only 68 dorsal fin rays, 69 anal fin rays, and concave ventrally or with rostral tooth 40+44=84 vertebrae. The specimen, including plates; rim of anterior tubular nostril with caudal fin, appears normal externally, but the two fingerlike projections and two broad radiograph reveals that the posteriormost vertebra based flaps; adductor arcus palatini muscle and caudal fin skeleton are anomalous. The not attached to first infraorbital bone other two specimens from this locality have 91 (Mastacembelus) 9 vertebrae, 74 dorsal fin rays, and 76 anal fin rays. 2a. Rostrum with concave ventral surface lined The lowest vertebral count known in M. armatus with paired toothplates; preorbital and is 88 (Roberts, in press). preopercular spines absent ; dorsal fin spines The number of specimens for which data has 13-23 ; predorsal vertebrae 11-21; dorsal been disallowed is relatively few. and anal fins separate from caudal fin 3 Most counts used for mastacembelids are com 2b. Rostrum rounded in cross section, without parable to those generally taken by fish sys toothplates; preorbital spine always and tematists. It should be noted that the spinous preopercular spines usually present; dorsal dorsal fin invariably ends in an enlarged penul fin spines 27-32; predorsal vertebrae 4-8; timate spine, and that the last spine is greatly dorsal and anal fins separate from or joined reduced and often difficult to detect. In my ex tocaudalfin 6 ―96― Roberts: Review of Mastacembelidae 3a. Rostrum relatively small, rostral tooth dorsal and anal fins; caudal fin rays 12-20 plates 7-14 4 ..10 3b. Rostrum relatively large, rostral tooth 9b. Dorsal and anal fins separate from caudal plates 14 or more 5 fin, or joined to caudal fin only near its 4a. Dorsal fin base with series of large, perfectly base, caudal fin outline entirely or almost formed ocelli; an ocellus often at base of entirely separate from that of dorsal and caudal fin; dorsal and caudal fins without anal fins; caudal fin rays 21-27 12 fine dark striations or dots............... 10a. Soft-rayed portions of median fins and ...............Macrognathus siamensis pectoral fins usually with relatively faint or 4b. Dorsal fin base and caudal peduncle with indistinct markings; body usually with zig out ocelli (small dark round spots may be zag longitudinal marks (sometimes broken present); dorsal and caudal fins with fine up into isolated spots) or with a well dark striations or dots................... formed network of broad dark marks 11 .......Macrognathus meklongensis sp. nov. 10b. Soft-rayed portions of median fins and 5a. Rostral toothplates
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