The German-Tunisian Project at Dougga. First Results of The
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C a Se Stud Y
This project is funded by the European Union November 2020 Culture in ruins The illegal trade in cultural property Case study: Algeria and Tunisia Julia Stanyard and Rim Dhaouadi Summary This case study forms part of a set of publications on the illegal trade in cultural property across North and West Africa, made up of a research paper and three case studies (on Mali, Nigeria and North Africa). This study is focused on Algeria and Tunisia, which share the same forms of material culture but very different antiquity markets. Attention is given to the development of online markets which have been identified as a key threat to this region’s heritage. Key findings • The large-scale extraction of cultural objects in both countries has its roots in the period of French colonial rule. • During the civil war in Algeria in the 1990s, trafficking in cultural heritage was allegedly linked to insurgent anti-government groups among others. • In Tunisia, the presidential family and the political elite reportedly dominated the country’s trade in archaeological objects and controlled the illegal markets. • The modern-day trade in North African cultural property is an interlinked regional criminal economy in which objects are smuggled between Tunisia and Algeria as well as internationally. • State officials and representatives of cultural institutions are implicated in the Algerian and Tunisian antiquities markets in a range of different capacities, both as passive facilitators and active participants. • There is evidence that some architects and real estate entrepreneurs are connected to CASE STUDY CASE trafficking networks. Introduction The region is a palimpsest of ancient material,7 much of which remains unexplored and unexcavated by Cultural heritage in North Africa has come under fire archaeologists. -
Algeria Romana
Algeria romana Dal 24 aprile al 1 maggio 2021 | 8 giorni - 7 pernottamenti in hotel UN VIAGGIO A RITROSO NEL TEMPO NELLE ANTICHE MAURETANIA E NUMIDIA, ALLA SCOPERTA DI DUE DELLE PROVINCE ROMANE D’AFRICA PIÙ BELLE DEL MEDITERRANEO, DOVE SI NASCONDONO CITTÀ ANTICHE DI STRAORDINARIA BELLEZZA IMMERSE IN MERAVIGLIOSI PANORAMI, TRA VERDI MONTAGNE E SUGGESTIVI CANYON. Itinerario di viaggio ALGERI | CHERCHELL | TIPASA | CONSTANTINE | TIDDIS | LAMBESE | TIMGAD | DJEMILA 1° GIORNO - 24 APRILE 2021 - ROMA/ALGERI delle mura romane con torri e sei porte, il grande decumano, tre grandi Partenza da Roma-Fiumicino con volo di linea Air Algerie. Arrivo ad Algeri basiliche, i quartieri di abitazione che si estendevano lungo il porto, con il nel pomeriggio e sistemazione all’hotel New Day 4****. Cena. Foro al centro. Si visitano il teatro, l’anfiteatro, il circo, due impianti termali ed un settore dell’abitato con case lussuose, ricche di mosaici e sculture. 2° GIORNO - 25 APRILE 2021 - ALGERI (LA CASBAH) Durante la visita, alla maestà delle vestigia, si aggiunge l’incantevole Giornata dedicata alla visita di Algeri. Al mattino si inizia con il museo paesaggio mediterraneo che sembra sposarsi con il mare e l’azzurro del nazionale del Bardo che custodisce collezioni archeologiche ed cielo. In serata rientro ad Algeri. Hotel New Day 4****. Pensione completa. etnografiche. Nel pomeriggio, passeggiata nella città vecchia. La casbah, costruita sulle rovine della vecchia Icosium, ne costituisce il cuore storico, 4° GIORNO - 27 APRILE 2021 - ALGERI/CONSTANTINE con i suoi gioielli architettonici e d’arte moresca. La cittadella si presenta Continuazione della visita di Algeri. -
Revisiting Byzantine Africa Historical Geography Through Medieval Arabic Sources
ABSTRACTS ____________________________________________________________________________ Revisiting Byzantine Africa historical geography through medieval Arabic sources Mohamed Benabbès This paper will revisit Byzantine Africa from the perspective of historical geography, and focus on the contribution of medieval Arabic sources to our understanding of the province’s history in this period. Since Charles Diehl’s publication more than a hundred years ago, few new textual sources have been made available. It is true that archaeological research has led to considerable progress that must be acknowledged. However in most cases these data cannot be interpreted outside the framework provided by literary sources. Today a major approach that can overhaul our vision of Byzantine Africa is historical geography. It can combine and superimpose multiple data from the various available sources. As regards Africa, it requires expertise in several complementary fields: sources about Ancient Africa (Latin and Greek texts, inscriptions, church documents and archaeological data), Arabic medieval sources considered through philological and palaeographical approaches, as well as the historical cartography of North Africa. Associating these various elements allows us to throw light on several still obscure or ambiguous aspects in the history of Byzantine Africa, especially in its last phase in the seventh century. Although considerable progress has been achieved in the use of ancient sources, the contribution of medieval Arabic sources to the history of Byzantine Africa has long been systematically disparaged, suffering from prejudice like the hagiographical sources for western medieval history. In fact when submitted to scientific critical scrutiny, they can yield information that other sources do not always provide. Most of these texts have been known and partially translated, notably into French, since the nineteenth century. -
In Tunisia Policies and Legislations Related to the Democratic Transition
Policies and legislations The constitutional and legal framework repre- sents one of the most important signs of the related to the democratic transition in Tunisia. Especially by establishing rules, procedures and institutions in order to achieve the transition and its goals. Thus, the report focused on further operatio- nalization of the aforementioned framework democratic while seeking to monitor the events related to, its development and its impact on the transi- tion’s path. Besides, monitoring the difficulties of the second transition, which is related to the transition and political conflict over the formation of the go- vernment and what’s behind the scenes of the human rights official institutions. in Tunisia The observatorypolicies and rightshuman and legislation to democratic transition related . 27 Activating the constitutional and legal to submit their proposals until the end of January. Then, outside the major parties to be in the forefront of the poli- the committee will start its action from the beginning of tical scene. framework for the democratic transition February until the end of April 2020, when it submits its outcome to the assembly’s bureau. The constitution of 2015 is considered as the de facto framework for the democratic transition. And all its developments in the It is reportedly that the balances within the council have midst of the political life, whether in texts or institutions, are an not changed numerically, as it doesn’t witness many cases The structural and financial difficulties important indicator of the process of transition itself. of changing the party and coalition loyalties “Tourism” ex- The three authorities and the balance cept the resignation of the deputy Sahbi Samara from the of the Assembly Future bloc and the joining of deputy Ahmed Bin Ayyad to among them the Dignity Coalition bloc in the Parliament. -
Building Materials and Techniqu63 in the Eastern
BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNIQU63 IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FRUM THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD TO THE FOURTH CENTURY AD by Hazel Dodgeq BA Thesis submitted for the Degree of'PhD at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne Decembert 1984 "When we buildq let us thinjc that we build for ever". John Ruskin (1819 - 1900) To MY FAMILY AND TU THE MEMORY OF J. B. WARD-PERKINS (1912 - 1981) i ABSTRACT This thesis deals primarily with the materials and techniques found in the Eastern Empire up to the 4th century AD, putting them into their proper historical and developmental context. The first chapter examines the development of architecture in general from the very earliest times until the beginnin .g of the Roman Empire, with particular attention to the architecture in Roman Italy. This provides the background for the study of East Roman architecture in detail. Chapter II is a short exposition of the basic engineering principles and terms upon which to base subsequent despriptions. The third chapter is concerned with the main materials in use in the Eastern Mediterranean - mudbrick, timber, stone, mortar and mortar rubble, concrete and fired brick. Each one is discussed with regard to manufacture/quarrying, general physical properties and building uses. Chapter IV deals with marble and granite in a similar way but the main marble types are described individually and distribution maps are provided for each in Appendix I. The marble trade and the use of marble in Late Antiquity are also examined. Chapter V is concerned with the different methods pf wall construction and with the associated materials. -
Hydraulics of Roman Aqueducts : Steep Chutes, Cascades and Dropshafts." American Jl of Archaeology, Vol
CHANSON, H. (2000). "Hydraulics of Roman Aqueducts : Steep Chutes, Cascades and Dropshafts." American Jl of Archaeology, Vol. 104, No. 1, Jan., pp. 47-72 (ISSN 0002-9114). Hydraulics of Roman Aqueducts : Steep Chutes, Cascades and Dropshafts H. CHANSON Abstract This paper examines the archaeological evidence for steep chutes, cascades and drop shafts in Roman aqueducts. It also presents comparative data on steep descent water flow in aqueducts based on physical model tests. It is suggested that the Romans were aware of the hydraulic problems posed by supercritical water flows, and that the technological solutions they imposed were rudimentary but sound. For example, they understood the need for energy dissipation devices such as stilling basin and dropshaft.* The Roman aqueduct remains one of the best examples of hydraulic expertise in antiquity. Many aqueducts were used, repaired and maintained for centuries and some, such as the aqueduct of Carthage (Tunisia), are still partly in use today.1 Most aqueducts consisted of long, flat sections interspersed by shorter steep drops. Despite arguments suggesting that Roman aqueducts maintained a fluvial flow regime 2, the present study suggests that these steep drops produced supercritical flows requiring a technical response to ensure normal water flow. It is argued that the Romans employed three methods to address this problem: chutes followed by stilling basins, stepped channels, and dropshafts. STEEP CHUTES AND STEPPED CASCADES : HYDRAULIC CONSIDERATIONS A chute is characterized by a steep bed slope associated with torrential flow (fig. 1 and 2). This chute flow may be either smooth (fig. 2A) or stepped (fig. 2B). Roman designers used both designs as well as single drops along aqueducts (Tables 1 and 2). -
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'zab Valley 2022
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M’Zab Valley 2022 13 MAR – 2 APR 2022 Code: 22203 Tour Leaders Tony O’Connor Physical Ratings Explore Ottoman kasbahs, Roman Constantine, Timgad & Djemila, mud-brick trading towns of the Sahara, Moorish Tlemcen, & the secret world of the Berber M'Zab valley. Overview Join archaeologist Tony O'Connor on this fascinating tour which explores Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'Zab Valley. Explore the twisting streets, stairs, and alleys of the Ottoman Kasbah of Algiers and enjoy magnificent views across the city from the French colonial Cathedral of Notre-Dame d'Afrique. Wander perfectly preserved streets at the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Roman Djémila and Timgad, empty of visitors and complete with stunning mosaics, full-size temples, triumphal arches, market places, and theatres. At Sétif gaze upon one of the most exquisite mosaics in all of the Roman world – The Triumph of Dionysus. Engage with Numidian Kings at the extraordinary tombs of Medracen and the 'Tomb of the Christian' along with the ambitions of Cleopatra and Mark Antony at their daughter’s former capital of Caesarea/Cherchell. Explore the Roman 'City of Bridges', Constantine, encircled by the dramatic gorge of Wadi Rummel. Wander the atmospheric ruins of the Roman towns of Tipaza and Tiddis: Tipaza overlooks the Mediteranean, while Tiddis perches on a hillside, overlooking the fertile lands of Constantine. Walk the Algerian 'Grand Canyon' at El Ghoufi: a centre of Aures Berber culture, Algerian resistance to French colonial rule, inscriptions left behind by the engineers of Emperor Hadrian himself, and photogenic mud-brick villages clustering along vertiginous rocky ledges. -
Thubursicum Numidarum, Aujourd'hui Khamissa, Près De La Source
029 Thubursicum Numidarum, aujourd’hui Khamissa, près de la source de la Medjerda, est entourée d’un territoire fertile et bien arrosé. La ville primitive devait occuper un mamelon aux pentes rapides ; plus tard, elle s’étendit au nord sur une longue croupe, située au-dessous de ce mamelon, mais dominant la vallée de la Medjerda ; elle descendit même dans la plaine. Cité numide, comme son nom l’indique, Thubursicum Numidarum fut érigée en municipe romain au IIe siècle de notre ère, vraisemblablement sous Trajan ; dans la seconde moitié du siècle suivant, elle portait le titre de colonie. Les habitants, presque tous d’origine indigène, gardèrent longtemps l’empreinte de la civilisation carthaginoise, qui s’était imposée à leurs pères : les noms phéniciens abondent sur les épitaphes de Khamissa. Cependant, ils adoptèrent peu à peu les mœurs latines. Sauf un sanctuaire de style punique qui borde la « vieille place » (platea vetus) — nous en avons déjà parlé — les monuments de Thubursicum ont un aspect tout romain. Cette vieille place se trouve dans le quartier oriental de la ville. Elle est creusée en partie dans le roc et formée d’une série de terrasses étagées qui communiquent par des marches. Divers bâtiments la bordaient; le temple seul se distingue avec netteté. Le véritable forum de Thubursicum, devenue commune de droit romain, était sans doute de l’autre côté, à l’ouest. Un arc à trois ouvertures y donnait accès. Auprès, on reconnaît des vestiges de plusieurs édifices, parmi lesquels il y avait probablement des thermes. D’autres thermes s’élevaient peut-être au sud-est, au delà de la platea vetus. -
© in This Web Service Cambridge University
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05527-8 - The Punic Mediterranean: Identities and Identification from Phoenician Settlement to Roman Rule Edited by Josephine Crawley Quinn and Nicholas C. Vella Index More information Index Abdera, 235–8, 242 Arados, 285–6 Abela, G. F., 26–7 archaeological evidence, 181, 199, 207, 213, access pits, 158–9, 166 257, 264, 268, 276, 279 acculturation, 97, 104, 165, 288, 296 Archaic period, 60, 116–17, 260, 289 afterlife, 74, 163 architecture, 60, 150, 154, 168 Agathocles, 176, 223, 292 houses, 124, 129, 145, 215–16, 248, 252–3, Agenor, 295–6 271, 303 Agnelli, Gianni, 25 courtyard houses, 248 agriculture, 71, 205, 251–3, 263, 269–75, 279 see also funerary architecture Alboran Sea, 217 Argos, 286, 295, 299 Albufereta, 250 Arharbi, R., 206, 213 Alcúdia d’Elx, 250 Aristotle, 16, 46 Alexander, 283–9, 291, 295, 302 armies, 16, 169, 176, 283 conquests, 284–7, 297 Arrian, 285–8, 291 as liberator, 284, 286 Arsa, 225–31 Alexandropoulos, J., 197–8, 235, 238 art historians, 25, 29–30, 32 Alfaro Asins, C., 217, 225, 228, 235–40 ashlars, 123, 126, 128 Algeria, 48–9, 72, 183, 196, 200, 203, 205, 238 Asido, 221, 225–30, 233, 237, 240 Alicante, 191, 245, 247 assimilation, 55, 97, 101, 233 alliances, 63–4, 157, 181 Assyrians, 31–2, 282 Almería, 225, 247–9 Astarte, 29, 131, 207 Alonai, 247 Athenians, 17, 284 alphabet, 37, 45, 219, 221, 225–7, 236, 283, 288, Atlantis, 57 295 Automalax, 173 altars, 171–2, 176–7, 233 Avienus, 222 of the Philaeni, 169–79 Azemmour, 204 Althiburos, 161, 183 Amathus, 32–4 Baal Hammon, 130, 218, -
Analysis of the Tunisian Tax Incentives Regime
Analysis of the Tunisian Tax Incentives Regime March 2013 OECD Paris, France Analysis of the Tunisian Tax Incentives Regime OECD mission, 5-9 November 2012 “…We are working with Tunisia, who joined the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters in July 2012, to review its tax incentives regime and to support its efforts to develop a new investment law.” Remarks by Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General, delivered at the Deauville Partnership Meeting of the Finance Ministers in Tokyo, 12 October 2012 1. Executive Summary This analysis of the Tunisian tax incentives regime was conducted by the OECD Tax and Development Programme1 at the request of the Tunisian Ministry of Finance. Following discussions with the government, the OECD agreed to conduct a review of the Tunisian tax incentive system within the framework of the Principles to Enhance the Transparency and Governance of Tax Incentives for Investment in Developing Countries.2 As requested by the Tunisian authorities, the objective of this review was to understand the current system’s bottlenecks and to propose changes to improve efficiency of the system in terms of its ability to mobilise revenue on the one hand and to attract the right kind of investment on the other. The key findings are based on five days of intensive consultations and analysis. Key Findings and Recommendations A comprehensive tax reform effort, including tax policy and tax administration, is critical in the near term to mobilize domestic resources more effectively. The tax reform programme should include, but not be limited to, the development of a new Investment Incentives Code, aimed at transforming the incentives scheme. -
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YOUR O.A.T. ADVENTURE TRAVEL PLANNING GUIDE® New! Tunisia: From the Mediterranean to the Sahara 2022 Small Groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! (average of 13) Overseas Adventure Travel ® The Leader in Personalized Small Group Adventures on the Road Less Traveled 1 Dear Traveler, At last, the world is opening up again for curious travel lovers like you and me. And the O.A.T. New! Tunisia: From the Mediterranean to the Sahara itinerary you’ve expressed interest in will be a wonderful way to resume the discoveries that bring us so much joy. You might soon be enjoying standout moments like these: Venture out to the Tataouine villages of Chenini and Ksar Hedada. In Chenini, your small group will interact with locals and explore the series of rock and mud-brick houses that are seemingly etched into the honey-hued hills. After sitting down for lunch in a local restaurant, you’ll experience Ksar Hedada, where you’ll continue your people-to-people discoveries as you visit a local market and meet local residents. You’ll also meet with a local activist at a coffee shop in Tunis’ main medina to discuss social issues facing their community. You’ll get a personal perspective on these issues that only a local can offer. The way we see it, you’ve come a long way to experience the true culture—not some fairytale version of it. So we keep our groups small, with only 8-16 travelers (average 13) to ensure that your encounters with local people are as intimate and authentic as possible. -
Atlas of the Ornamental and Building Stones of Volubilis Ancient Site (Morocco) Final Report
Atlas of the ornamental and building stones of Volubilis ancient site (Morocco) Final report BRGM/RP-55539-FR July, 2008 Atlas of the ornamental and building stones of Volubilis ancient site (Morocco) Final report BRGM/RP-55539-FR July, 2008 Study carried out in the framework of MEDISTONE project (European Commission supported research program FP6-2003- INCO-MPC-2 / Contract n°15245) D. Dessandier With the collaboration (in alphabetical order) of F. Antonelli, R. Bouzidi, M. El Rhoddani, S. Kamel, L. Lazzarini, L. Leroux and M. Varti-Matarangas Checked by: Approved by: Name: Jean FERAUD Name: Marc AUDIBERT Date: 03 September 2008 Date: 19 September 2008 If the present report has not been signed in its digital form, a signed original of this document will be available at the information and documentation Unit (STI). BRGM’s quality management system is certified ISO 9001:2000 by AFAQ. IM 003 ANG – April 05 Keywords: Morocco, Volubilis, ancient site, ornamental stones, building stones, identification, provenance, quarries. In bibliography, this report should be cited as follows: D. Dessandier with the collaboration (in alphabetical order) of F. Antonelli, R. Bouzidi, M. El Rhoddani, S. Kamel, L. Lazzarini, L. Leroux and M. Varti-Matarangas (2008) – Atlas of the ornamental and building stones of Volubilis ancient site (Morocco). BRGM/RP-55539-FR, 166 p., 135 fig., 28 tab., 3 app. © BRGM, 2008. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior permission of BRGM. Atlas of the ornamental and building stones of Volubilis Synopsis The present study titled “Atlas of the ornamental and building stones of Volubilis” was performed in the framework of the project MEDISTONE (“Preservation of ancient MEDIterranean sites in terms of their ornamental and building STONE: from determining stone provenance to proposing conservation/restoration techniques”) supported by the European Commission (research program FP6-2003-INCO-MPC-2 / Contract n° 015245).