Leben Und Werk Des Jüdischen Wissenschaftlers Und Kinderarztes Erich Benjamin

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Leben Und Werk Des Jüdischen Wissenschaftlers Und Kinderarztes Erich Benjamin Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin der Technischen Universität München (Vorstand: Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. C. Wilmanns) Leben und Werk des jüdischen Wissenschaftlers und Kinderarztes Erich Benjamin * 1880 in Berlin † 1943 in Baltimore Susanne Oechsle Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Medizin der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Medizin genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. D. Neumeier Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. C. Wilmanns 2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. A. Neiß 3. Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Arnold Die Dissertation wurde am 30.06.2003 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Medizin am 17.03.2004 angenommen. III Je weiser und besser ein Mensch ist, umso mehr Gutes bemerkt er in den Menschen. B. Pascal Diese Arbeit widme ich meiner lieben Schwester Sabine. V Abbildung 1: Erich Benjamin, etwa Mitte der 1930er Jahre. Quelle: Jäckle (1988) S. 52. Verzeichnisse VII Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Einleitung.......................................................................................................... 1 II. Quellenlage....................................................................................................... 3 1. Stand der Forschung.................................................................................... 3 2. Spurensuche ................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Spuren zu Benjamins beruflichem Werdegang ........................................................... 4 2.2 Spuren zu Benjamins Privatleben ............................................................................... 6 III. Frühe Jahre....................................................................................................... 8 1. Vorfahren und Familie Erich Benjamins ....................................................... 8 2. Schul- und Studienzeit................................................................................ 12 IV. Klinische Ausbildung..................................................................................... 16 1. Volontärassistent in Wien........................................................................... 16 1.1 Veröffentlichungen der Wiener Zeit.......................................................................... 17 1.1.1 Die Auswirkungen von Röntgenbestrahlungen ............................................ 17 1.1.2 Hämatologische Untersuchungen................................................................. 20 1.1.3 Stoffwechseluntersuchungen........................................................................ 24 1.1.4 Beachtung von Benjamins Wiener Arbeiten ................................................. 24 1.2 Unterricht in Wien ...................................................................................................... 26 2. Weitere klinische Ausbildung in Berlin und Düsseldorf............................... 27 V. Erich Benjamin in München .......................................................................... 29 1. Die erste Zeit an der Universitäts-Kinderklinik............................................ 29 1.1 Die Universitäts-Kinderklinik München...................................................................... 29 1.2 Erich Benjamin als junger Assistent an der Universitäts-Kinderklinik München ....... 32 1.2.1 Münchener Arbeiten in der Hämatologie ...................................................... 34 1.2.1.1 Leukämie und Pseudoleukämie.................................................. 34 1.2.1.2 Die großen Mononukleären ........................................................ 36 1.2.1.3 Anämie und Rachitis................................................................... 37 1.2.1.4 Hämatologische Diagnostik ........................................................ 39 1.2.1.5 Das Benjamin-Syndrom.............................................................. 40 1.2.2 Arbeiten über Scharlach ............................................................................... 41 1.2.3 Röntgendiagnostik des Säuglings ................................................................ 48 1.2.4 Ernährungsstörungen beim Säugling ........................................................... 49 1.2.5 Die Betreuung von Doktoranden .................................................................. 57 1.2.6 Praktische Fragen der Säuglingsbetreuung ................................................. 59 1.2.7 Erich Benjamins Habilitationsverfahren........................................................ 60 2. Erich Benjamin im Ersten Weltkrieg ........................................................... 61 3. Nach Benjamins Rückkehr von der Front................................................... 65 VIII Verzeichnisse 3.1 An der Poliklinik der Universitäts-Kinderklinik München............................................65 3.1.1 Von Benjamin betreute Arbeiten über Ernährung und Hämatologie ............65 3.1.2 Kongenitale Syphilis......................................................................................66 3.1.3 Späte Arbeit zur Rachitis...............................................................................68 3.1.4 Mitarbeit am Handbuch von Pfaundler und Schloßmann .............................69 3.2 Kurzzeitige Niederlassung in München .....................................................................73 4. Privatleben in München .............................................................................. 73 5. Außerordentlicher Professor ....................................................................... 75 6. Benjamins Vorlesungstätigkeit an der Universität München ....................... 76 VI. Erich Benjamin in Zell-Ebenhausen.............................................................. 80 1. Das Kindersanatorium in Zell-Ebenhausen................................................. 80 1.1 Kauf und Geschichte des Anwesens Zell Hausnummer 20 ......................................80 1.2 Gebäude und Lage ....................................................................................................81 1.3 Das Kindersanatorium unter der Leitung von Erich Benjamin...................................82 1.3.1 Die Patienten.................................................................................................83 1.3.2 Der Tagesablauf der Kinder..........................................................................85 1.3.3 Der Kontakt zu den Eltern.............................................................................87 1.3.4 Das Personal.................................................................................................88 1.3.5 1932: Schwerpunktverlagerung auf neurotische Kleinkinder........................89 1.3.6 Behandlungsmethoden und -erfolge.............................................................90 1.3.7 Das Zusammenleben der Benjamins mit den Kindern .................................91 1.3.8 Szenen aus dem Kindersanatorium..............................................................93 2. Veröffentlichungen ab 1921 ........................................................................ 95 2.1 Allgemeine Themen ...................................................................................................96 2.2 Behandlung von Gewichtsproblemen ........................................................................98 2.3 Heilpädagogische Veröffentlichungen .......................................................................99 2.3.1 Der Weg zur Monographie Grundlagen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der kindlichen Neurose von 1930 ...............................................................100 2.3.2 Die Monographie Grundlagen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der kindlichen Neurose von 1930......................................................................102 2.3.3 Vorträge basierend auf der Monographie Grundlagen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der kindlichen Neurose........................................108 2.3.4 Erich Benjamin und die Gesellschaft für Heilpädagogik .............................110 2.3.5 Schwerpunktverlagerung auf Vorbeugung, Früherfassung und Frühbehandlung der kindlichen Neurose....................................................113 2.3.6 Erich Benjamin wendet sich an die Allgemeinbevölkerung ........................122 2.3.7 Erich Benjamins Beitrag zur Kindererziehung ............................................123 2.3.8 Die Ausbildung der Kinderschwestern und Kindergärtnerinnen .................126 2.3.9 Pädagogische Betreuung chronisch kranker Kinder...................................129 2.3.10 Neurosenforschung mit Hinst......................................................................131 2.3.11 Die Krankheit der Zivilisation.......................................................................134 2.3.12 Medizinstudenten im Kindersanatorium......................................................140 Verzeichnisse IX 2.3.13 Grünebergs Arbeiten aus dem Kindersanatorium Zell-Ebenhausen.......... 141 2.3.14 Das Lehrbuch der Psychopathologie des Kindesalters.............................. 143 3. Das Leben in Zell-Ebenhausen ................................................................ 146 3.1 Privatleben............................................................................................................... 146 3.2 Öffentliches Leben................................................................................................... 149 VII. Unter der NS-Diktatur..................................................................................
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