Chapter 5 Human Environment Appendices
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Outline and Chart Lago Espanol.Ala.4.4.2015
The Spanish Navigations in the SPANISH LAKE (Pacific Ocean) and their Precedents From the Discovery of the New World (Indies, later America) Spanish explorers threw themselves with “gusto” into further discoverings and expeditions. They carried in their crew not only the “conquerors” and explorers, but also priests, public administrators who would judge the area’s value for colonization, linguists, scientists, and artists. These complete set of crew members charted the coasts, the currents, the winds, the fauna and flora, to report back to the crown for future actions and references. A very important part of the Spanish explorations, is the extent and role of local peoples in Spain’s discoveries. It was the objective of the crown that friendly connections and integration be made. In fact there were “civil wars” among the crown and some “colonizers” to enforce the Laws of Indies which so specified. Today, some of this information has been lost, but most is kept in public and private Spanish Museums, Libraries, Archives and private collections not only in Spain but in the America’s, Phillipines, the Vatican, Germany, Holland, and other european countries, and of course the United States, which over its 200 year existence as a nation, also managed to collect important information of the early explorations. Following is a synopsis of the Spanish adventure in the Pacific Ocean (Lago Español) and its precedents. The Spanish Navigations in the SPANISH LAKE (Pacific Ocean) and their Precedents YEAR EXPLORER AREA EXPLORED OBSERVATIONS 1492 Cristobal -
OB 15.1 1989 Spring
OREGON BIRDS is a quarterly publication of Oregon Field Ornithol• MEMBERSHIP IN OFO BRINGS YOU ogists. Oregon Birds is printed at the University of Oregon Press. Member• ship in Oregon Field Ornithologists is on an annual basis and includes a sub• • Oregon Birds — OFO's quarterly journal with news briefs of interest to scription to Oregon Birds. ISSN 0890-2313 Oregon birders • short notes and articles on status and identification of Oregon's birds • bird-finding guides to Oregon's better birding spots and Editor Owen Schmidt rarer species • reviews of printed material of interest to Oregon's birders. Assistant Editor Sharon K. Blair Associate Editor Jim Johnson • Proceedings of the Oregon Bird Records Committee — OFO members stay current on the rare birds of Oregon. OREGON FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS • Annual meetings — As a member, you are invited to participate in President Larry Thornburgh, North Bend (1989) OFO's birding meetings, held at some of Oregon's top Secretary Donna J. Lusthoff, Beaverton (1989) birding spots. Treasurer Kit Larsen, Eugene (1989) • Publications — OFO pub• Past President Alan Contreras, Jefferson City, MO lishes useful field cards and other Directors David A. Anderson, Portland (1988-90) field checklists accurate according Alice Parker, Roseburg (1987-89) to the Official Checklist of Oregon Bill Stotz, Ashland (1987-89) birds prepared by the Oregon Bird Tom Mickel, Eugene (1988-90) Records Committee. OREGON BIRD RECORDS COMMITTEE Secretary Clarice Watson, Eugene (1989) Members Tom Crabtree, Bend (1989-91) FOR USE IN 1989 ONLY Jeff Gilligan, Portland (1987-89) Steve Heinl, Eugene (1989-91) OREGON FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS David Irons, Beaverton (1987-89) APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP & Jim Johnson, Portland (1987-89) MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL Larry McQueen, Eugene 1988-90) Harry Nehls, Portland (1988-90) 1. -
2017-18 Olympic Peninsula Travel Planner
Welcome! Photo: John Gussman Photo: Explore Olympic National Park, hiking trails & scenic drives Connect Wildlife, local cuisine, art & native culture Relax Ocean beaches, waterfalls, hot springs & spas Play Kayak, hike, bicycle, fish, surf & beachcomb Learn Interpretive programs & museums Enjoy Local festivals, wine & cider tasting, Twilight BRITISH COLUMBIA VANCOUVER ISLAND BRITISH COLUMBIA IDAHO 5 Discover Olympic Peninsula magic 101 WASHINGTON from lush Olympic rain forests, wild ocean beaches, snow-capped 101 mountains, pristine lakes, salmon-spawning rivers and friendly 90 towns along the way. Explore this magical area and all it has to offer! 5 82 This planner contains highlights of the region. E R PACIFIC OCEAN PACIFIC I V A R U M B I Go to OlympicPeninsula.org to find more O L C OREGON details and to plan your itinerary. 84 1 Table of Contents Welcome .........................................................1 Table of Contents .............................................2 This is Olympic National Park ............................2 Olympic National Park ......................................4 Olympic National Forest ...................................5 Quinault Rain Forest & Kalaloch Beaches ...........6 Forks, La Push & Hoh Rain Forest .......................8 Twilight ..........................................................9 Strait of Juan de Fuca Nat’l Scenic Byway ........ 10 Joyce, Clallam Bay/Sekiu ................................ 10 Neah Bay/Cape Flattery .................................. 11 Port Angeles, Lake Crescent -
Gaytan to Marin Donald Cutter the Spanish Legend, That
The Spanish in Hawaii: Gaytan to Marin Donald Cutter The Spanish legend, that somehow Spain anticipated all other Europeans in its discovery and presence in most every part of the New World, extends even to the Pacific Ocean area. Spain's early activity in Alaska, Canada, Washington, Oregon, and California reinforces the idea that Spain was also the early explorer of the Pacific Islands. The vast Pacific, from its European discovery in Panama by Vasco Nunez de Balboa, until almost the end of the 18th Century, was part of the Spanish overseas empire. Generous Papal recognition of Spain's early discoveries and an attempt to avert an open conflict between Spain and Portugal resulted in a division of the non-Christian world between those Iberian powers. Though north European nations were not in accord and the King of France even suggested that he would like to see the clause in Adam's will giving the Pope such sweeping jurisdiction, Spain was convinced of its exclusive sovereignty over the Pacific Ocean all the way to the Philippine Islands. Spain strengthened both the Papal decree and the treaty signed with Portugal at Tordasillas by observing the niceties of international law. In 1513, Nunez de Balboa waded into the Pacific, banner in hand, and in a single grandiose act of sovereignty claimed the ocean and all of its islands for Spain. It was a majestic moment in time—nearly one third of the world was staked out for exclusive Spanish control by this single imperial act. And Spain was able to parlay this act of sovereignty into the creation of a huge Spanish lake of hundreds of thousands of square miles, a body of water in which no other European nation could sail in peaceful commerce. -
National Register of Historic Places
Form No. 10-306 (Rev. 10-741 UNITtDSTATtSDhPARTMENTOHTHt INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLAGES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS __________TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS______ I NAME HISTORIC LIGHT STATION AND/OR COMMON Q LOCATION STREET & NUMBER U> f\ T 3 3* _NOTFOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT MLJKTLTEO — VICINITY OF 2nd STATE v. CODE COUNTY CODE W2\SHTJ^5TON 53 SNOHOMISH 061 CLASSIFI CATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT X-PUBLIC —iSXXUPIED _AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM jegUILDING(S) _PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —PARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS _OBJECT _IN PROCESS XXTES: RESTRICTED X.GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC _BEING CONSIDERED —YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL XXTRANSPORTATION —NO —MILITARY —OTHER: AGENCY U.S. COAST GUARD REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: THIRTEENTH COAST GUARD DISTRICT (flp) STREET & NUMBER 915 Second Avenue CITY. TOWN STATE Seattle VICINITY OF Washington 98174 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC Snohomish County Recorder STREET & NUMBER Courthouse CITY, TOWN STATE Washington REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE NOME KNOWN DATE —FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY __LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS CITY. TOWN STATE DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED jg<LINALTERED JOjORIGINAL SITE X-GOOD _RUINS —ALTERED —MOVED DATE_______ —FAIR _UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The structure consists of a tower and connected engine house, both of which are frame construction. The tower base is square, twenty feet on a side, and rises one story to a decorative parallel band. Above this band, triangular squinches effect a transition to an octagonal plan. -
Draft Environmental Assessment of Marine Geophysical Surveys by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth for the Southern California Collaborative Offshore Geophysical Survey
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF MARINE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS BY THE R/V MARCUS G. LANGSETH FOR THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COLLABORATIVE OFFSHORE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY Submitted to: National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 725 Arlington, VA 22230 Submitted by: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD 8675 Discovery Way La Jolla, CA 92023 Contact: Professor Neal Driscoll 858.822.5026; [email protected] Prepared by: Padre Associates, Inc. 5290 Overpass Road, Suite 217 Goleta, CA 93113 June 2012 Southern California Collaborative Offshore Geophysical Survey (SCCOGS) Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE AND NEED ................................................................................................... 1 2.0 ALTERNATIVES INCLUDING PROPOSED ACTION ...................................................... 6 2.1 PROPOSED ACTION ......................................................................................... 6 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION ........................................................................................ 6 2.3 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Mobilization and Demobilization .............................................................. 9 2.3.2 Offshore Survey Operations .................................................................... 9 2.3.2.1 Survey Vessel Specifications ..................................................... 10 2.3.2.2 Air Gun Description ................................................................... -
Grays Harbor Juvenile Fish Use Assessment: 2012 Annual Report
Grays Harbor Juvenile Fish Use Assessment: 2012 Annual Report Prepared for the Chehalis Basin Habitat Work Group February, 2013 Prepared by: Todd Sandell, James Fletcher, Andrew McAninch and Micah Wait Setting the net in Half Moon Bay, Grays Harbor Estuary, 2012 Sculpin displaying in a Wild Fish Conservancy “photarium”, April 2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Section 1: Introduction ................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Purpose and Objectives ................................................................................................7 1.2 Study Area ...................................................................................................................8 Specific Hypotheses: ......................................................................................................... 10 Section 2: Methods ................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Habitat Inventory/ Sample Site Selection.................................................................... 12 2.2 Field Sampling Methodology ....................................................................................... 15 Data Recording/Water Quality Measures ............................................................................................ 17 2.3 Age Class Assignments .............................................................................................. -
Draft CCP, Chapters 3-6, November 2012 (Pdf 3.0
Physical Environment Chapter 3 © Mary Marsh Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Environmental Human Biological Physical Alternatives, Goals, Introduction and Appendices Consequences Environment Environment Environment Objectives, and Strategies Background Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Draft CCP/EA Chapter 3. Physical Environment 3.1 Climate and Climate Change 3.1.1 General Climate Conditions The climate at Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is a mild, mid-latitude, west coast marine type. Because of the moderating influence of the Pacific Ocean, extremely high or low temperatures are rare. Summers are generally cool and dry while winters are mild but moist and cloudy with most of the precipitation falling between November and January (USDA 1987, WRCC 2011a). Annual precipitation in the region is low due to the rain shadow cast by the Olympic Mountains and the extension of the Coastal Range on Vancouver Island (Figure 3-1). Snowfall is rare or light. During the latter half of the summer and in the early fall, fog banks from over the ocean and the Strait of Juan de Fuca cause considerable fog and morning cloudiness (WRCC 2011a). Climate Change Trends The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that assists in regulating and warming the temperature of our planet. Just as a glass ceiling traps heat inside a greenhouse, certain gases in the atmosphere, called greenhouse gases (GHG), absorb and emit infrared radiation from sunlight. The primary greenhouse gases occurring in the atmosphere include carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. CO2 is produced in the largest quantities, accounting for more than half of the current impact on the Earth’s climate. -
USFWS Outreach/Education FY2005 Protected Salmonid Survey/Angler Outreach Project Progress Report
USFWS Outreach/Education FY2005 Protected Salmonid Survey/Angler Outreach Project Progress Report Cooperative Agreement # 134104 Report Date: March 24, 2008 Reporting Period: November 1, 2005–December 5, 2007 Project Rationale and Objectives In recent years, Wild Fish Conservancy has received reports from recreational anglers of observed violations of no-harvest rules for trout, salmon and char in the marine waters of Washington State. Such illegal take may be significantly compromising conservation efforts, and may stem in part from confusion about the geographic range of the fishery regulations or from misidentification of protected species as harvestable salmonids. To assist in the protection of the anadromous life-history forms of these fishes, this cooperative project has developed educational signage that alerts the public about state and federal harvest restrictions on at-risk salmonids and illustrates diagnostic features to facilitate species identification in the field. The signs, installed throughout coastal Washington State, target Washington’s recreational nearshore anglers. To assess recreational fishing pressure on selected species, the project has implemented a 12-month harvest survey. The objective of the survey is to collect quantitative and qualitative information volunteered by anglers, which Wild Fish Conservancy will analyze and provide to USFWS and WDFW as feedback to assist with refinement of biologically based fishing regulations that are accessible and understandable by the public. Methods The regulatory signage utilized in this project focuses on anadromous bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and sea-run coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) and were developed by the USFWS’s Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (Fig. 1). At all posting sites, the regulatory sign was accompanied by an advertisement (Fig. -
Great Washington State Birding Trail OLYMPIC LOOP
OLYMPIC LOOP INDEX Sites Page Sites Page INFO KEY 1 1 Nisqually National 2 32 Morse Creek 8 Wildlife Refuge 33 Dungeness National Wildlife 2 Tumwater Historical Park Refuge 3 Capitol Lake 34 Dungeness River Audubon 4 Grass Lake Refuge Center 5 McLane Creek Nature 3 35 Dungeness Bay Trail 36 John Wayne Marina 6 Kennedy Creek 37 Jimmycomelately Creek 9 7 Friends Landing 38 Protection Island National 8 Grays Harbor National Wildlife Refuge Wildlife Refuge 39 Kah Tai Lagoon Park 9 Humptulips Estuary 4 40 Fort Worden State Park 10 Damon Point 41 Chimacum Creek Estuary 11 Ocean Shores North Jetty 42 Fort Flagler State Park 12 Point Grenville 43 Big Quilcene River 10 13 Campbell Tree Grove Estuary 14 Lake Quinault 44 Mt. Walker 15 Kalaloch Creek 5 45 Dosewallips State Park 16 4th Beach 46 Hamma Hamma Beaver Pond 17 Hoh Rainforest 47 Potlatch State Park 11 18 Anderson Homestead 48 Skokomish Delta 19 La Push 49 Twanoh State Park 20 Quillayute River Estuary 50 GeorgeAdamsSalmon 21 Lake Ozette 6 Hatchery 22 Hobuck Beach 51 Panhandle Lake 4H Camp 23 Cape Flattery 52 Oakland Bay 24 Clallam Bay Park 53 Jarrell Cove State Park 25 Pillar Point County Park 54 Theler Wetlands 12 26 Salt Creek County Park 7 27 Elwha River Estuary CREDITS 12 28 Lake Crescent 29 Whiskey Bend Trail 30 Hurricane Ridge © Ed Newbold, Tufted Puffins 31 Ediz Hook The Great Washington State Birding Trail 1 OLYMPIC LOOP INFO KEY MAp Icons LocAl SERVices And Highlights Best seasons for birding( spring, summer, fall,winter) Overall Washington: www.experiencewashington.com Olympic BirdFest: First weekend in April, Developed camping available, including restrooms; fee required. -
Tribal Perspectives Teacher Guide
Teacher Guide for 7th – 12th Grades for use with the educational DVD Tribal Perspectives on American History in the Northwest First Edition The Regional Learning Project collaborates with tribal educators to produce top quality, primary resource materials about Native Americans and regional history. Teacher Guide prepared by Bob Boyer, Shana Brown, Kim Lugthart, Elizabeth Sperry, and Sally Thompson © 2008 Regional Learning Project, The University of Montana, Center for Continuing Education Regional Learning Project at the University of Montana–Missoula grants teachers permission to photocopy the activity pages from this book for classroom use. No other part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. For more information regarding permission, write to Regional Learning Project, UM Continuing Education, Missoula, MT 59812. Acknowledgements Regional Learning Project extends grateful acknowledgement to the tribal representatives contributing to this project. The following is a list of those appearing in the DVD Tribal Perspectives on American History in the Northwest, from interviews conducted by Sally Thompson, Ph.D. Lewis Malatare (Yakama) Lee Bourgeau (Nez Perce) Allen Pinkham (Nez Perce) Julie Cajune (Salish) Pat Courtney Gold (Wasco) Maria Pascua (Makah) Armand Minthorn (Cayuse–Nez Perce) Cecelia Bearchum (Walla Walla–Yakama) Vernon Finley -
Clallam County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Clallam County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Clallam County Community Wildfire Protection Plan December 2009 Developed by Shea McDonald and Dwight Barry, Peninsula College Center of Excellence. Contributions and developmental assistance: Chris DeSisto, Tiffany Nabors, Erin Drake, and Aaron Lambert; Western Washington University-Peninsulas; Bill Sanders and Bryan Suslick, Washington Department of Natural Resources; Al Knobbs, Clallam County Fire District 3; Jon Bugher, Clallam County Fire District 2; Phil Arbeiter, Clallam County Fire District 1; Larry Nickey, Olympic National Park; Clea Rome, USDA-NRCS; and Dean Millett, US Forest Service. GIS analysis by Shea McDonald, Chris DeSisto, and Dwight Barry. Cartography by Shea McDonald. Project funded under Title III of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000. 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Policy Context ............................................................................................................................. 7 Healthy Forests Restoration Act ........................................................................................................... 7 National Fire Plan .................................................................................................................................