DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 9 TAXONOMY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 9 TAXONOMY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 269-306, 2018 Chapter 9 TAXONOMY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND PHYLOGENY OF OLIGOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE GLOBIGERINOIDES AND TRILOBATUS Silvia Spezzaferri1, Richard K. Olsson2, and Christoph Hemleben3 1Department of Geosciences, Earth Sciences, University of Fribourg, Ch du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Email: [email protected] 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Busch Campus, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] 3Department of Geoscience, Sand 6/7 Kernlabor und –Lager, D-72076 Tuebingen, FR Germany. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of late probably appeared in the late Miocene with the ap- Oligocene and early Miocene Globigerinoides and pearance of G. ruber s.s. The following species of Glo- Trilobatus is reviewed. Trilobatus and Globigerinoides bigerinoides are recognized as valid: G. altiaperturus are two long-ranging genera appearing in the late Bolli, G. bollii Blow, G. italicus Mosna and Vercesi, Oligocene and early Miocene, respectively. They di- G. joli Spezzaferri n. sp., G. neoparawoodi Spezza- versified within the range interval ofParagloborotalia ferri n. sp., G. obliquus Bolli, and G. subquadratus kugleri and are still present in modern oceans as some Brönnimann. The following species of Trilobatus are of the most abundant mixed-layer dwelling groups. recognized as valid: T. altospiralis Spezzaferri n. sp., The distinctive characteristic of the genera is the T. immaturus (LeRoy), T. praeimmaturus (Brönni- presence of one to several supplementary apertures mann and Resig), T. primordius (Blow and Banner), on the spiral side. Globigerinoides species possess a T. quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny), T. subsacculifer (Cita, ruber/sacculifer-type wall, Trilobatus possesses a sac- Premoli Silva, and Rossi) and T. trilobus (Reuss). culifer-type wall texture. The ruber-type wall texture INTRODUCTION understood, i.e. both Globigerinoides and Trilobatus), which includes several species that diversified around The late Oligocene and the Oligocene-Miocene transi- the Oligocene/Miocene boundary (Spezzaferri, 1994). tion are characterized by the appearance of planktonic However, the ancestry and early phylogeny of these foraminiferal forms characterized by the presence of forms has been unclear for a long time. Several authors one to several supplementary apertures on the spiral have explained the large variety of “Globigerinoides” side (e.g., Bolli, 1966; Blow, 1969) and a spinose mac- morphologies, the uncertain morphological limits be- roperforate and cancellate wall texture (e.g., Hemleben tween species, and the different types of wall textures, and others, 1989). These forms represent the most as a result of their polyphyletic origin (Takayanagi and abundant group of planktonic foraminifera still present Saito, 1962; Keller, 1981; Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983; in the modern oceans. They were originally lumped into Jenkins, 1985). Blow and Banner (1962) proposed “Glo- the genus “Globigerinoides” (quotation marks are here bigerinoides” primordius as the first representative of used to indicate the concept of the genus as formerly the genus “Globigerinoides” evolving from Globigerina Spezzaferri, Olsson, and Hemleben praebulloides occlusa. Takayanagi and Saito (1962) wall texture possibly originated and diversified only in distinguished two different groups of Globigerinoi“ - the late Miocene. des” based on the position of the primary aperture: one A recent joint effort of the Paleogene Planktonic with the aperture placed above the sutures between the Foraminiferal Working Group (PPFWG) and the Sci- three earlier chambers (“Globigerinoides” bollii, “G.” entific Committee on Oceanic Research/International conglobatus, “G.” immaturus, “G”. obliquus, “G.” Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (SCOR/IGBP) sacculifer and “G.” trilobus) and the second with the Working Group 138 “Planktonic foraminifera and ocean aperture placed above the sutures between the penul- changes” has confirmed the long-standing view that timate and antepenultimate chambers (“G.” elongatus, modern “Globigerinoides” is polyphyletic. “G.” cyclostomus and “G.” ruber). These studies did Merging genetic and fossil evidence of “Glo- not take into account wall textures but were based only bigerinoides” in a new approach to trace their “total on morphological features. Kennett and Srinivasan evidence phylogeny” since the beginning of their (1983) also described two groups of “Globigerinoides”, range, Spezzaferri and others (2015) demonstrated the one originated from Globigerina sensu stricto with a existence of two independent lineages appearing at the bulloides-type wall texture, and the second evolved Paleogene-Neogene transition that evolved independent- from Zeaglobigerina woodi (now Globoturborotalita) ly. One group includes “Globigerinoides” trilobus and with a spinose and cancellate wall texture. Kennett and its ancestor and descendants: “G.” primordius and the Srinivasan (1983) stated that the observation of several extant “Globigerinoides” sacculifer, Orbulina universa species of “Globigerinoides” evolving from different and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens. The second group in- ancestors demonstrates that the genus is polyphyletic and cludes the Globigerinoides ruber clade with the extant therefore “artificial”. A similar conclusion was reached G. conglobatus and G. elongatus, and their ancestors. by Keller (1981), who identified three lineages, but These two groups both evolved supplementary aper- again with different component species. One originated tures on the spiral side approximately concomitantly, from Globigerina praebulloides, the second from Glo- but independently, as they descended from different bigerina woodi (now Globoturborotalita), and the third species of Globoturborotalita. Therefore, they amended from Globigerina connecta (now Globoturborotalita). A the generic concept of Globigerinoides (type species G. polyphyletic origin for this group was also proposed by ruber) and established the new genus Trilobatus Spez- Jenkins (1985), Spezzaferri and Premoli Silva (1991), zaferri, Kucera, Pearson, Wade, Rappo, Poole, Morard and Spezzaferri (1994). and Stalder (type species T. trilobus). In the new con- According to Hemleben and Olsson (2006) cept, the genus Trilobatus is paraphyletic and gave rise “Globigerinoides” as originally understood possesses to the Praeorbulina/Orbulina and Sphaeroidinellopsis/ three types of wall texture: a sacculifer-type, typical of Sphaeroidinella lineages (Spezzaferri and others, 2015). the modern species “Globigerinoides” sacculifer. This The two genera can be traced down to their last common wall texture is characterized by a markedly cancellate ancestor G. paracancellata Olsson and Hemleben n. sp. pattern, strongly symmetrical (honeycomb), with spines in the lower Oligocene, which in turn originated the T. having a circular or slightly triangular cross-section trilobus group on one side and the G. ruber group on the placed at the intersection of the ridges. The ruber-type other side within the range of Paragloborotalia kugleri wall texture is present in the modern species Globige- (Chapter 8, this volume). rinoides ruber. It is characterized by a more irregular Here we present a refined morphological frame- cancellate and asymmetrical wall texture, bearing thin- work that will aid the diagnosis of the genera Globi- ner spines that are less regularly distributed with respect gerinoides and Trilobatus near the beginning of their to the sacculifer-type. Finally, the ruber/sacculifer range. The main characters which differentiate the two -type possesses a marked honeycomb and symmetrical genera are 1) the wall texture, which is sacculifer-type texture in parts of the wall and asymmetrical in some in Trilobatus and ruber/sacculifer-type in Globigeri- other parts. Following the wall texture classification noides; 2) the aperture, which is generally low arched of Hemleben and Olsson (2006) we identify only the and asymmetrical in Trilobatus and high arched and ruber/sacculifer- and sacculifer-type wall texture for symmetrical in Globigerinoides. the early members of this genus. According to Aurahs Valid Oligocene to early Miocene Globigerinoi- and others (2011) the G. ruber lineage and the related des species are G. altiaperturus Bolli, G. bollii Blow, 270 Chapter 9 - Globigerinoides and Trilobatus and others, 1995; K&S, 1983 = Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983; WPBP, 2011 = Wade andothers, 2011. Wade = 2011 WPBP, and others,1995;K&S,1983=Kennett andSrinivasan,1983; FIGURE 34 33 35 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 GPTS Age (Ma) 9.1. Cande & Kent (1995) Stratigraphic ranges andinferredphylogeneticrelationships ofthelower Miocene Stratigraphic EOCENE OLIGOCENE MIOCENE Epoch LATE EARLY LATE EARLY P22 P16 P18 P19 P20 P17 N5 N7 N8 P 21 N4 N6 Former P Zones (Sub) a b (BKSA, 1995) & tropical a b N Zones (K&S, 1983) E15 E16 M4 M2 M3 M5 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 M1 E, O and M Zones (Sub) a b (WPBP, 2011) tropical AE10 Huber & Quillévéré Antarctic AE9 AO1 AO2 AO3 AO4 (2005) woodi Globoturbo rotalita neoparawoodi italicus Globigerinoides subquadratus joli bollii altiaperturus obliquus Globoturbo woodi rotalita Globigerinoides. subquadratus bollii Globigerinoides italicus BKSA, 1995 = Berggren Berggren = 1995 BKSA, neoparawoodi joli altiaperturus 271 obliquus Spezzaferri, Olsson, and Hemleben G. italicus Mosna and Vercesi, G. joli Spezzaferri n. and are placed at the intersection
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Article 57 (Protozoa 8)
    THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS ARTICLE 57 (PROTOZOA 8) LATE NEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERS IN THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND ITALIAN STRATOTYPES JAMES L. LAMB AND JOHN H. BEARD Esso Production Research Company, Houston, Texas The University of Kansas Paleontological Institute HAROLD NORMAN FISK MEMORIAL PAPERS Humble Oil & Refining Company THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS FEBRUARY 10, 1972 THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS Article 57 (Protozoa 8), 67 Pages, 25 Figures, 36 Plates, 2 Tables LATE NEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERS IN THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND ITALIAN STRATOTYPES JAMES L. LAMB AND JOHN H. BEARD Esso Production Research Company, Houston, Texas CONTENTS PAGE PAGE ABSTRACT 7 Sphaeroidinello psis sphaeroides Subzone 45 Pliocene 45 INTRODUCTION 7 Globorotalia margaritae Zone 45 Acknowledgments 8 Globorotalia multicamerata Subzone 45 PLANKTONIC SUCCESSION WITHIN STANDARD Pulleniatina primalis Subzone 45 REFERENCE SECTIONS 8 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata Zone 46 Italy 8 Pleistocene 46 General 8 Globorotalia truncatulinoides Zone 46 Tortonian Stage (late Miocene) 8 Globorotalia tosaensis Subzone 46 Messinian Stage (late Miocene) 11 Globo quadrina dutertrei Subzone 46 Tabianian, Plaisancian, and Astian Stages Pulleniatina finalis Subzone 46 (early, middle, and late Pliocene) 13 Holocene 46 Calabrian Stage (early Pleistocene) 17 Globorotalia tumida Zone 46 Le CasteIla section 20 Summary of Italian late Neogene planktonic SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 47 succession 25 Candeina D ' ORBIGNY 47 Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico 26 C. nitida D ' ORBIGNY 47 General 26 Globigerina D ' ORBIGNY 47 No. 1 Cubagua, Venezuela 28 G. bulloides D ' ORBIGNY 47 Coastal Group, Jamaica, West Indies 31 G. nepenthes TODD 47 Sigsbee Knolls core, central Gulf of Mexico 32 G.
    [Show full text]
  • The Planktonic Protist Interactome: Where Do We Stand After a Century of Research?
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/587352; this version posted May 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Bjorbækmo et al., 23.03.2019 – preprint copy - BioRxiv The planktonic protist interactome: where do we stand after a century of research? Marit F. Markussen Bjorbækmo1*, Andreas Evenstad1* and Line Lieblein Røsæg1*, Anders K. Krabberød1**, and Ramiro Logares2,1** 1 University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N- 0316 Oslo, Norway 2 Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain * The three authors contributed equally ** Corresponding authors: Ramiro Logares: Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Phone: 34-93-2309500; Fax: 34-93-2309555. [email protected] Anders K. Krabberød: University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Phone +47 22845986, Fax: +47 22854726. [email protected] Abstract Microbial interactions are crucial for Earth ecosystem function, yet our knowledge about them is limited and has so far mainly existed as scattered records. Here, we have surveyed the literature involving planktonic protist interactions and gathered the information in a manually curated Protist Interaction DAtabase (PIDA). In total, we have registered ~2,500 ecological interactions from ~500 publications, spanning the last 150 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Capítulo 6 Foraminíferos Planctónicos: Globigerinina
    Micropaleontología (E. Molina, ed., 2004) 127 Capítulo 6 Foraminíferos planctónicos: Globigerinina Eustoquio Molina 6.1. Introducción Globigerinina constituye un suborden de foraminíferos calcíticos hialinos perforados muy abundante en el ecosistema del plancton marino desde el Cretácico, si bien aparecieron en el Jurásico. Al morir, sus pequeñas conchas caen a los fondos oceánicos, conservándose relativamente bien y contribuyendo en gran medida a la formación de rocas sedimentarias pelágicas. La morfología de su concha es muy diagnóstica y, junto a su excelente registro, ha permitido realizar estudios bioestratigráficos muy precisos. Además, en las últimas décadas se ha puesto de manifiesto su gran interés en estudios paleoecológicos y evolutivos. Las primeras descripciones significativas fueron realizadas entre 1826 y 1839 por d'Orbigny, quien los encontró en las arenas de playa y sedimentos marinos de las Islas Canarias, Cuba y América del Sur, pero no descubrió su tipo de vida pelágico. Asimismo, otros naturalistas del siglo XIX, tales como Ehrenberg, Carpenter, Parker y Jones, estudiaron los foraminíferos de sedimentos del Atlántico y asumieron erróneamente que vivían en los fondos oceánicos. Pero en 1867 Owen descubrió su modo de vida planctónico, lo cual fue ignorado hasta que la expedición Challenger (1872-1876) pudo confirmar su descubrimiento. En 1884 Brady, en su informe sobre los foraminíferos dragados en dicha expedición, dio detallada información de la amplia distribución y abundancia de una veintena de especies, aunque pensaba que alguna podía vivir en el fondo. A finales del siglo XIX, Murray analizó más en detalle su distribución latitudinal y muchos rasgos básicos de su biología y ecología. Desde entonces muchos investigadores han precisado la distribución latitudinal y batimétrica de las especies actuales y de la mayor parte de las fósiles, lo cual ha sido de gran utilidad para las reconstrucciones 128 Foraminíferos planctónicos (E.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Oligocene−Lower Miocene Larger and Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Kahramanmaraş Basin (Southern Anatolia, Turkey)
    Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences (Turkish J. Earth Sci.),U. IŞIKVol. 20,& A. 2011, HAKYEMEZ pp. 185–212. Copyright ©TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/yer-1001-43 First published online 13 July 2010 Integrated Oligocene−Lower Miocene Larger and Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Kahramanmaraş Basin (Southern Anatolia, Turkey) UĞRAŞ IŞIK1 & AYNUR HAKYEMEZ2 1 Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO), Research Center, Söğütözü, TR−06100 Ankara, Turkey 2 General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Geological Research Department, Balgat, TR−06520 Ankara, Turkey (E-mail: [email protected]) Received 27 January 2010; revised typescript receipt 10 July 2010; accepted 13 July 2010 Abstract: An integrated biostratigraphical analysis based on the larger and planktonic foraminifera from three sections provides a well-defi ned zonal scheme of the Oligocene–Lower Miocene successions in the Kahramanmaraş Basin. Th e planktonic foraminiferal zonation is based on a combination of standard (P) and Mediterranean (MMi) zonal schemes and consists of Turborotalia ampliapertura (P19), Globigerina angulisuturalis-Paragloborotalia opima opima (P21), Globigerina ciperoensis (P22) biozones spanning the Upper Rupelian–Chattian interval and Globoquadrina dehiscens-Globigerinoides altiaperturus (MMi 2a), Globigerinoides altiaperturus-Catapsydrax dissimilis (MMi 2b) and Globigerinoides trilobus (MMi 3) biozones in the Upper Aquitanian–Burdigalian interval. Th e larger foraminiferal zonation of the studied successions has been established by means of European shallow benthic foraminiferal zonation (SBZ). Th is zonal scheme consists of SB 22B-23 Zone and SB 23 Zone in the Chattian, SB 24 Zone in the Aquitanian and SB 25 Zone in the Burdigalian. By integrating the established foraminiferal zonal schemes, the stratigraphical ranges of some larger foraminifera with planktonic foraminiferal zones have been calibrated.
    [Show full text]
  • Eocene-Pliocene Planktonic Foraminifera Biostratigraphy from the Continental Margin of the Southwest Caribbean
    Eocene-Pliocene planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy from the continental margin of the southwest Caribbean Daniel A. Rincon1*, Jose E. Arenas1, Carlos H. Cuartas1'2, Andres L. Cardenas1, Carlos E. Molinares1'2'3, Claudia Caicedo1 and Carlos Jaramillo3 Biostratigraphy Team, Colombian Petroleum Institute, ICP-ECOPETROL, km. 7 via Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia Departamento de Geologial \ Universidad EAFIT, Carrera 49 No. 7sur-50, Medellin, Colombia Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama email: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Biostratigraphy in northern Colombia has traditionally been done using foraminifera. Quantitative biostratigraphic tech- niques could improve the zonations that have been proposed for the region. We analyze the biostratigraphic information from 190 planktonic foraminifera species, and 1961 ditch-cutting samples from 26 oil wells in northern Colombia to produce a zonation for the region. A quantitative biostratigraphic technique known as Constrained Optimization was used to analyze the data. The proposed zonation relies exclusively on last occurrences, which are readily applied to petroleum exploration. It has thirteen zones and eight subzones for the Eocene to Pliocene interval. Three zones and two subzones are defined for the Eocene, three zones for the Oligocene, six zones and six subzones for the Miocene, and one zone for the Pliocene. The zonation reveals three major unconformi- ties: (1) a late Eocene - early Oligocene hiatus;
    [Show full text]
  • The Planktonic Protist Interactome: Where Do We Stand After a Century of Research?
    The ISME Journal (2020) 14:544–559 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0542-5 ARTICLE The planktonic protist interactome: where do we stand after a century of research? 1 1 1 1 Marit F. Markussen Bjorbækmo ● Andreas Evenstad ● Line Lieblein Røsæg ● Anders K. Krabberød ● Ramiro Logares 1,2 Received: 14 May 2019 / Revised: 17 September 2019 / Accepted: 24 September 2019 / Published online: 4 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019. This article is published with open access Abstract Microbial interactions are crucial for Earth ecosystem function, but our knowledge about them is limited and has so far mainly existed as scattered records. Here, we have surveyed the literature involving planktonic protist interactions and gathered the information in a manually curated Protist Interaction DAtabase (PIDA). In total, we have registered ~2500 ecological interactions from ~500 publications, spanning the last 150 years. All major protistan lineages were involved in interactions as hosts, symbionts (mutualists and commensalists), parasites, predators, and/or prey. Predation was the most common interaction (39% of all records), followed by symbiosis (29%), parasitism (18%), and ‘unresolved interactions’ fi 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: (14%, where it is uncertain whether the interaction is bene cial or antagonistic). Using bipartite networks, we found that protist predators seem to be ‘multivorous’ while parasite–host and symbiont–host interactions appear to have moderate degrees of specialization. The SAR supergroup (i.e., Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Rhizaria) heavily dominated PIDA, and comparisons against a global-ocean molecular survey (TARA Oceans) indicated that several SAR lineages, which are abundant and diverse in the marine realm, were underrepresented among the recorded interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 OLIGOCENE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
    Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 29-54, 2018 Chapter 2 OLIGOCENE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY: HISTORICAL REVIEW AND CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART William A. Berggren1,2, Bridget S. Wade3, and Paul N. Pearson4 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Busch Campus, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] 3Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K. Email: [email protected] 4School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT We review past and recent advances in Oligocene from Chron C13r.0.14 to Subchron C6Cn.2n(o), chronostratigraphy (and its internal subdivisions) corresponding to astronomical cycles 84Ol-C13n to 58Ol- and geochronology, the so-called “missing” Oligocene C6Cn. It is currently subdivided into two (Rupelian and debate of the 1960s, and planktonic foraminiferal Chattian) ages/stages. The planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphies of (sub)tropical and austral biostratigraphy is characterized by a 7-fold (sub) biogeographies. The Oligocene spans the interval tropical and 4-fold austral zonation, respectively. INTRODUCTION work) incorporates coverage of planktonic foraminiferal We present an overview of Oligocene taxa that extend above/beyond the Oligocene/Miocene chronostratigraphy and planktonic foraminiferal boundary we include the zonal biostratigraphy from biostratigraphy. We have divided this paper into mid-Miocene Zone M5/N8 to upper Eocene Zone E15. two parts: Part 1: in view of the rather complex and This paper has been accordingly prepared to serve as a colorful history that has characterized the Oligocene we background to, and framework for, the data presented consider it appropriate, and opportune, to provide an in this Atlas of Oligocene Planktonic Foraminifera.
    [Show full text]
  • Planktonic Foraminifera from Deep-Sea Cores Off Eniwetok Atoll
    Planktonic Foraminifera From Deep-Sea Cores off Eniwetok Atoll By RUTH TODD BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 260-CC Age interpretations of samples of Globigerina ooze from an ad;"oining guyot southwest of Eniwetok Atoll UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 1~· UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas :s: Nolan, Director CONTENTS Page Page Abstract __________________________________________ _ 1067 The problem of subspecies-Continued Introduction ______________________________________ _ 1067 Variability in tht;l Globigerinoides elongatus-ruber- Geographic background _____________________________ _ 1067 conglobatus complex __________________________ _ 1074 Core descriptions __________________________________ _ 1068 Variability in the Sphaeroidinella complex _________ _ 1074 Benthonic population ______________________________ ·_ 1068 Age of Foraminifera species _________________________ _ 1075 Analysis of planktonic species ________________________· 1070 Age of core samples ______ ------ ____________________ _ 1076 Problems related to use of planktonics for age determina- Correia tion _______________________________________ _ 1076 tion ____________________________________________ _ 1071 Systematic descriptions _____________________________ _ 1077 The problem of subspecies- _________________________ _ 1071 Family Globigerinidae __________________________ _ 1078 Variability in Globigerinella aequilateralis __________ _ 1072
    [Show full text]
  • Globigerina Ooze from Sylvania· Guyot
    Lower Eocene Phosphatized Globigerina Ooze from Sylvania· Guyot By EDWIN L. HAMILTON and ROBERT W. REX BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 260-W A study of the mode of occurrence, mineralog;, and paleontolog; of fossil Globigerina oozes from Sylvania' Guyot ·.. ·,·. UNITED ST.ATES GOV.ERNMENT. PR{NTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1959 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director This P,Ublication has been cataloged by the U.S. Geological Survey Library as follows: Hamilton, Edwin Lee, 1914- Lower Eocene phosphatized Globigerina ooze from Syl­ vania Guyot, by Edwin L. Hamilton and Robert W. Rex. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1959. iii, 785-797 p. 5 plates, map. 30 em. (U. S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 260-W) "Bikini and nearby atolls, Marshall Islands." Bibliography: p. 794-798. 1. Globigerinidae, Fossil. 2. Deep-sea deposits. 3. Paleontology­ Marshall Islands-Sylvania Guyot. I. Rex, Robert W., 1929- joint author. II. Title. (Series: U. S. Geological Survey. Pro­ fessional paper 260-W) 563.1 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Pnge Page Abstract------------------------------------------- 785 Discussion and conclusions __________________________ _ 788 Age and affinitie's of the fossil faunas _____________ _ 788 Introduction ______ ------- __ ------------------------ 785 Mid-Pacific station 43 A ____________________ _ 788 Occurrence of fossilife.rous
    [Show full text]
  • For a Better Characterization of the Fossil Pelagic Record: Molecular, Biogeographical and Ecological Diversity of Planctonic Fo
    For a better characterization of the fossil pelagic record : molecular, biogeographical and ecological diversity of planctonic foraminifers cryptic species Raphaël Morard To cite this version: Raphaël Morard. For a better characterization of the fossil pelagic record : molecular, biogeographical and ecological diversity of planctonic foraminifers cryptic species. Paleontology. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. English. NNT : 2010LYO10213. tel-00708217 HAL Id: tel-00708217 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708217 Submitted on 14 Jun 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre 213 - 2010 Année 2010 THESE DE L‘UNIVERSITE DE LYON Délivrée par L’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 ECOLE DOCTORALE DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT (arrêté du 7 août 2006) 9 Novembre 2010 par M Raphaël MORARD Pour une meilleure caractérisation du registre fossile pélagique : Diversité morphologique, biogéographie et écologie des espèces cryptiques de foraminifères planctoniques Directeurs de thèse : Gilles Escarguel & Frédéric Quillévéré JURY : M. J. Pawlowski Pr. Université de Genève Rapporteur M. R. Schiebel Pr. Université d’Angers Rapporteur M. C. J. Douady Pr. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Examinateur M. T. De Garidel-Thoron CR CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Examinateur M.
    [Show full text]
  • BP Gulf of Mexico Neogene Astronomically- Tuned Time Scale (BP GNATTS)
    BP Gulf of Mexico Neogene Astronomically-tuned Time Scale BP Gulf of Mexico Neogene Astronomically- tuned Time Scale (BP GNATTS) J.A. Bergen1, S. Truax III2, E. de Kaenel3, S. Blair4, E. Browning5,†, J. Lundquist6, T. Boesiger7, M. Bolivar5, and K. Clark5 1Paleo at the Hill Country, Brenham, Texas 77833, USA 2Houston, Texas 77070, USA 3DeKaenel Paleo Research, Mont-sur-Rolle, Switzerland 4Blair Biostratigraphy, Cypress, Texas 77429, USA 5BP America, 200 Westlake Park Blvd., Houston, Texas 77079, USA 6Lundquist Stratigraphic, LLC, Houston, Texas 77065, USA 7Nebraska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Sidney, Nebraska 69162, USA ABSTRACT This step change in Neogene resolution, now sponse to exploration focus (Martin, 2013). To- at the level of cyclostratigraphy (the orbital day, planktonic foraminifera and nannofossils This paper introduces an integrated Neo- periodic ity of eccentricity) and the magneto- are the primary groups used for time correla- gene microfossil biostratigraphic chart de- stratigraphic chron, demonstrates the poten- tion in deep water wells and the construction of veloped within post-merger BP for the Gulf tial for calcareous microfossil biostratigraphy global Cenozoic timescales. Integrated Gulf of of Mexico Basin and is the first published to more consistently reinforce correlations of Mexico (GoM) industrial biostratigraphies and industrial framework “fully-tuned” to or- these time scale parameters. The integration published global biozonations utilizing these bital periodicities. Astronomical-tuning was of microfossil disciplines, consistent taxono- two planktonic groups date back half a century, accomplished through a 15-year research mies, and rigorous analytical methodologies near the inception of a research coring program program on the Ocean Drilling Program’s are all critical to obtaining and reproducing in the world’s deep-sea basins (Deep Sea Drill- (ODP) Leg 154 sediments (offshore NE Bra- this new level of biostratigraphic resolution.
    [Show full text]
  • A Note on Globigerina Helicina (D Orbigny) a Rare Deep-Sea Planktic Foraminifer from the Bay of Bengal
    ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 2 Number 11 (November-2014) pp. 74-85 www.ijcrar.com A note on Globigerina helicina (d Orbigny) A rare deep-sea planktic foraminifer from the Bay of Bengal N. Rajeshwara Rao* and P. Kamatchi Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600 025, India *Corresponding author KEYWORDS A B S T R A C T Weather parameters, Planktic foraminifera constitute a significant component of the deep-sea trend pattern, sediment and are of great utility for various applications in oceanographic and people paleoceanographic studies. Although there are only ~40 extant planktic perception, foraminiferal species in the present-day oceans and seas, only some of them climate change are relatively more abundant. A few are very rare, with sporadic records over the last two centuries and more; one such taxon is Globigerina helicina (d Orbigny) and is reported for the first time from deep-sea sediments from the Bay of Bengal. Two short cores were retrieved from off Chennai at water depths of 2,004 m and 3,042 m, respectively, and analysis of planktic foraminiferal content revealed the presence of G. helicina only in the latter core, suggesting its comparatively deeper abyssal habitat. Introduction Foraminifera are found in all marine thread-like extensions of the ectoplasm, environments, and they may be planktic or often including grains or tiny particles of benthic in mode of life. The generally various materials). Bi-directional accepted classification of the foraminifera is cytoplasmic flow along these pseudopodia based on that of Loeblich and Tappan carries granules which may consist of (1987).
    [Show full text]