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Chapter 10 TAXONOMY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 307-330, 2018 Chapter 10 TAXONOMY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND PHYLOGENY OF OLIGOCENE SUBBOTINA Bridget S. Wade1, Richard K. Olsson2, Paul N. Pearson3, Kirsty M. Edgar3,4, and Isabella Premoli Silva5 1Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K. Email: [email protected] 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Busch Campus, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] 3School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K. Email: [email protected] 4School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Aston Webb Building, Block A, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K. E-mail: [email protected] 5Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Subbotina eocaena (Gümbel), Subbotina gortanii Oligocene Subbotina is discussed and reviewed. (Borsetti), Subbotina linaperta (Finlay), Subbotina We include forms that have teeth extending minima (Jenkins), Subbotina projecta Olsson, into the umbilicus. A total of nine species are Pearson, and Wade n. sp., Subbotina tecta Pearson accepted as distinct, namely Subbotina angiporoides and Wade, and Subbotina utilisindex (Jenkins and (Hornibrook), Subbotina corpulenta (Subbotina), Orr). INTRODUCTION we incorporate some cancellate spinose forms that have a tooth and/or teeth extending into the umbilicus. Subbotina is characterized by a cancellate Previously these forms have frequently been included spinose wall texture, globular chambers, an intra- in Dentoglobigerina, however, their rounded, globular extraumbilical aperture, which commonly has a chambers (particularly in spiral view), lobate periphery distinct lip. The genus contains most globigeriniform and more distinctly cancellate spinose wall texture planktonic foraminifera from the Paleogene. In the places them in Subbotina. The tooth in such forms also original description, Brotzen and Pozaryska (1961) tends to be more symmetrical than in Dentoglobigerina. distinguished the genus from Globigerina by its Subbotina evolved in the early Danian and reticulate / cancellate wall. The diagnosis was emended was a significant element of Paleocene and Eocene by Olsson and others (1999) to include the spinose assemblages (see, for example, Olsson and others, wall texture and was subsequently reviewed by Olsson 1999, 2006; Koutsoukos, 2014). Geochemical studies and others (2006). In our review of Oligocene taxa, show that most species lived in subsurface thermocline Wade, Olsson, Pearson, Edgar, and Premoli Silva BKSA, 1995 = Berggren and others, 1995; K&S, 1983 = Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983; WPBP, 2011 = Wade andothers,2011. Wade = 2011 WPBP, andothers,1995;K&S,1983=KennettSrinivasan, 1983; BKSA, 1995=Berggren FIGURE 10.1.Stratigraphicranges andinferredphylogeneticrelationshipsofOligocenespecies of 308 34 33 35 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 GPTS Age (Ma) Cande & Kent (1995) EOCENE OLIGOCENE Epoch LATE EARLY LATE P22 P16 P18 P19 P20 P17 P 21 N4 Former P Zones (Sub) a b (BKSA, 1995) & tropical a N Zones (K&S, 1983) E15 E16 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O1 E, O and M Zones (Sub) (WPBP, 2011) tropical AE10 Huber & Quillévéré Antarctic AE9 AO1 AO2 AO3 AO4 (2005) jacksonensis yeguaensis linaperta tecta Subbotina angiporoides minima utilisindex corpulenta eocaena gortanii projecta jacksonensis corpulenta Subbotina eocaena tecta Subbotina projecta discussed in this chapter. discussed inthischapter. yeguaensis gortanii utilisindex linaperta angiporoides minima Chapter 10 - Subbotina environments (Douglas and Savin, 1978; Boersma and globigerina by its globular chambers, lobate outline others, 1987; and many more recent studies). Several and spinose wall texture. In spiral view, Subbotina distinct taxa survived into the Oligocene and can be chambers always appear more rounded, whereas abundant, particularly in the lower Oligocene. The Dentoglobigerina chambers appear subrectangular. species level range-chart and phylogenetic relationships Subbotina is distinguished from Globoturborotalita by of Oligocene Subbotina are shown in Figure 10.1. its generally larger size, less compact test, and more The species Globigerina senilis Bandy has globular chambers. been commonly reported from Oligocene sites (e.g., Quilty, 1976; Krasheninnikov and Basov, 1983). This DISCUSSION.— See Olsson and others (2006:125) for species was considered a junior synonym of Subbotina a discussion of the genus. The genus is emended here to jacksonensis Bandy by Olsson and others (2006). include some forms with an apertural tooth. However, the high-spired S. jacksonensis seems to be restricted to the Eocene and has not been found in PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.— “Subbotina Oligocene sediments, and most illustrated specimens evolved from Eoglobigerina eobulloides in the lower of ‘G. senilis’ from the Oligocene are now considered part of Zone Pα. Globoturborotalita and Globigerina as species of Globoturborotalita (see Chapter 8, this have their origin in the genus Subbotina” (Olsson and volume). others, 2006:125). SYSTEMATIC TAXONOMY STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.— The earliest subbotinid S. trivialis appears in the middle of lower Paleocene Order FORAMINIFERIDA d’Orbigny, 1826 Zone Pα (Olsson and others, 2006) or P1a (Koutsoukos, 2014). Our youngest recorded specimens are from the Superfamily GLOBIGERINOIDEA upper Oligocene Zone O7. Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, 1862 Family GLOBIGERINIDAE Carpenter, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.— Global in low to Parker, and Jones, 1862 high latitudes in northern and southern hemispheres. Genus Subbotina Brotzen and Pozaryska, 1961; Subbotina angiporoides (Hornibrook, 1965) emended Olsson, Hemleben, Berggren and Huber, 1999; herein emended Plate 10.1, Figures 1-8 TYPE SPECIES.— Globigerina triloculinoides Globigerina angipora Stache.—Finlay, 1939:125 [not Plummer, 1926. illustrated]. [Not Stache, 1865 = nomen dubium.] Globigerina angiporoides Hornibrook, 1965:835-838, text- DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.— Low trochospiral, figs. 1a-i, 2 [uppermost Eocene, Campbells Beach, South tripartite test consisting of 10-12 chambers, with 3-4 Island, New Zealand].Quilty, 1976:637, pl. 1, figs. 5, rapidly inflating, globular chambers in the ultimate 6 [lower Oligocene Zone P19, DSDP Site 321, Nazca whorl. Aperture interiomarginal, umbilical to slightly Plate, southeast Pacific Ocean].Loubere, 1985, pl. 4, fig. 4 [lower Oligocene Zone P20, DSDP Hole 549A, extraumbilical in most species, commonly with a low northeast Atlantic Ocean].Poore, 1984, pl. 2, figs. 5, arch. Apertural lip varies from narrow to fairly broad 6 [lower Oligocene Zone OL2, DSDP Site 522, Angola with a distinct apparatus extending over the umbilicus, Basin, South Atlantic Ocean].van Eijden and Smit, may have a projecting umbilical tooth in some species. 1991:109-110, pl. 2, fig. 8 [lower Oligocene Zone P20, Umbilicus small and nearly closed by tight coiling. ODP Hole 756C, eastern Indian Ocean]. Wall cancellate and spinose; spines set at juncture of Globigerina (Subbotina) angiporoides angiporoides the cancellate ridges with or without spine collars. Hornibrook.Jenkins, 1971:160-161, pl. 20, figs. 588- Cancellate texture varies from weak to very strong and 594 [upper Eocene-lower Oligocene, Earthquakes Marl, from moderate to very coarse or distinctly honeycombed South Island, New Zealand]. (modified from Olsson and others, 2006). Globigerina angiporoides angiporoides Hornibrook.Poore and Brabb, 1977:255, pl. 1, figs. 1-4 [lower Oligocene, Subbotina is distinguished from Dento- San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz Mountains, California]. 309 Wade, Olsson, Pearson, Edgar, and Premoli Silva Subbotina angiporoides angiporoides (Hornibrook).Blow, and others, 2006:126-129, pl. 6.6 (partim), fig. 5, SEM of 1979:1250-1252, pl. 12, fig. 3 [metatype; uppermost paratype of Globigerina angiporoides [middle (not upper, Eocene, Campbells Beach, South Island, New Zealand], as stated) Eocene, Campbells Beach, South Island, New fig. 4 [lower Oligocene Zone P19, Lindi, Tanzania]. Zealand], figs. 9-11, SEMs of holotype of Globigerina Subbotina angiporoides (Hornibrook).—Huber, 1991:440, angiporoides minima Jenkins [middle (not upper, as pl. 5, fig. 5 [lower Oligocene Zone AP13, ODP Hole stated) Eocene, Hampden Beach, South Island, New 738B, Kerguelen Plateau, South Indian Ocean].— Zealand] (= Subbotina minima). Spezzaferri and Premoli Silva, 1991:257, pl. XV, fig. 3 [Subzone P21a = Zone O3-O5, DSDP Hole 538A, Gulf DESCRIPTION. of Mexico], fig. 4 [lower Oligocene Zone P20 = Zone Type of wall: Spinose, normal perforate, O1, DSDP Hole 538A, Gulf of Mexico].—Gallagher and moderately cancellate, often thickened by addition of Holdgate, 2000, fig.14 [lower Oligocene Zone P18-P21a gametogenetic calcite, ruber/sacculifer-type wall. = Zone O1-O4, Otway Basin, Australia].—Li and others, 2003, pl. 2, fig. 15 [lower Oligocene, ODP Hole 1134A, Test morphology: “Test small to moderate size, Great Australian Bight].—Olsson and others, 2006:126- non-umbilicate, spherical, quadrilobate, axial periphery 129, pl. 6.6 (partim), figs. 1-3 [SEMs of holotype of rounded; chambers inflated, increasing moderately in Globigerina angiporoides, upper Eocene, Campbells size, 11-13 coiled in 3 whorls, usually 4 chambers in the Beach, South Island, New Zealand], fig. 4 [upper final whorl that are often elongated along
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