DOCSLIB.ORG

Establishment of Literacy Standards for an Oral Language: the Case of Nafara Discourse Patterns, Côte D'ivoire, West Africa Sidiky Diarassouba

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Establishment of Literacy Standards for an Oral Language: the Case of Nafara Discourse Patterns, Côte D'ivoire, West Africa Sidiky Diarassouba Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Establishment of Literacy Standards for an Oral Language: The Case of Nafara Discourse Patterns, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa Sidiky Diarassouba Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENT OF LITERACY STANDARDS FOR AN ORAL LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF NAFARA DISCOURSE PATTERNS, CôTE D’IVOIRE, WEST AFRICA by SIDIKY DIARASSOUBA A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Middle and Secondary Education In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2007 Copyright © 2007 Sidiky Diarassouba The members of the committee approved the Dissertation of Sidiky Diarassouba defended on March 2, 2007 __________________________(Signed) Pamela S. Carroll Professor Directing Dissertation ___________________________(Signed) Joseph Hellweg Outside Committee Member ___________________________(Signed) Deborah Hasson Committee Member ____________________________(Signed) Jeffrey Milligan Committee Member Approved:________________________(Signed) Pamela S. Carroll, Chair, Middle and Secondary Education The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii In Memory of Judy Kathryn Josserand Suddenly and violently snatched away from our earthly affection. May the Almighty have mercy on her and grant her peace and happiness in the hereafter. For Nnou Mêtanh Raissa Adja Gnima Issouf Who have borne the burden of loneliness, in addition to all the various and sundry emotions that have been caused by my prolonged absence from home. In remembrance of Madjuma Pitchiinh Sita Kapiéne Adama Tiohna Tiohdana Tiagnipilé Gnamangolo My beloved siblings and close relatives who passed away while I was away working on this project. May their souls rest in piece. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Dr. Josserand had a personal involvement in my project beyond the call of duty. She opened up her house and office and made herself available at any time. She proved very influential in my thinking and my development as a researcher in the field of discourse analysis and hardcore linguistics. She continued to guide me even after she was suddenly snatched away from this world. She was a true academic, devoted to the expansion of knowledge, a real friend and family. Words are not enough to express how I feel about her. Simply stated, I am utterly indebted to her for everything. May the Almighty have mercy on her and grant her peace and happiness in the hereafter. My children, Nnou Mêtanha Raissa, Adja Gnima, and my nephew Issouf who have borne the burden of loneliness in addition to all of the various and sundry emotions that have been caused by my prolonged absence from home. Being aware of the enormous sacrifice they conceded was a sound source of encouragement and inspiration for my work. I am grateful to them for their keen sense of understanding and forbearance, which have made it possible for me to have the right spirit to carry this project through. This section of my dissertation has proved the most daunting because of the magnitude of the population of academics, support personnel at FSU, and friends, in the US and other parts of the world, who have contributed in one way or another to make an effort such as this project come to fruition. To begin with, it seems hard to remember everyone and personally honor them here, the corollary being that those left out may rightly feel slighted. Then, it also seems to me that I cannot thank them enough for all their help and support in any way. Yet, keeping quiet about how I feel about what these numerous people have done for me would seem even worse. Thus was I prompted to write these few words by way of recognizing and acknowledging their beneficial actions, deeds, and thoughts that proved major incentives, instrumental in helping me stay afloat as I was working on this study, mainly during the many rocky moments I went through during my stay here. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my committee, whose foresight, guidance, and understanding helped pave the way for the completion of this present project. Special thanks iv to all of them for their keen sense of duty and commitment. I, hereby, individually thank each of them for everything. I am utterly indebted to my chair, Dr. Carroll for the many ways in which she has wholly influenced my academic and socio economic life, while I was working on my project. Dr. Carroll saw to it that the right conditions were created to allow me to pursue my program in the best way possible, in every sense of the word. She has had a pervading beneficence in my life, beyond what a student could expect from a major professor. She has always been there, wherever I turned, always offering her gracious help, be it academically, in administrative procedures, or on a material and personal basis. I would like to expres my profound indebtedness to Dr. Carroll for always being there in the right place, at the right time. Dr. Joseph Hellweg’s sustained interest and active involvement in my work helped me look at my work from several perspectives, which undoubtedly helped improve the quality of my work. I am indebted to him for his unfailing friendship and care. Dr. Deborah Hasson deserves special mention by virtue of her constant encouragement and input; her scholarship in my major field was a valuabe asset. I have been impressed by her selfless moves ever since I enrolled the Multilingual and Multicultural program. I also owe her a great deal of gratitude. Dr. Jeffrey Milligan has impressed me with his willingness to share with me, devoting long hours during tutorials. I am grateful to him for all the input he gave and the judicious remarks he made. A special word of gratitude to Dr. Nicholas A. Hopkins, who guided my first steps in hardcore linguistics and discourse analysis, side by side with his beloved late wife, Dr. Judy Kathryn Josserand. Then, even though Dr. Hopkins was not an official member on my committee, he saw to it that necessary measures were taken to ensure the completion of my dissertation, when Dr. Josserand, his companion for over 30 years was suddenly and violently snatched away from our earthly affection. Despite the terrible times he went through after the demise of his wife, Dr. Hopkins spared no means to guide, and edit, the manuscript of my dissertation. I have been very impressed by his extraordinary show of resilience in the face of adversity and compelling trials of life. I would like to express my sincere indebtedness to him for his enlightened mentorship and unfailing friendship over the years since we met about four years ago. I am also grateful to him for his material support. v The study was initiated with Dr. Frank B. “Pete” Brooks, then my major professor, whose interest and enthusiasm prompted me to hold on tight to the project, even in times of truly baffling turbulence. I am grateful to him for being a real mentor and a friend. When my Fulbright grant ended, my dear friend Marsha Whitaker from the Dean’s Office introduced me to Dr. Barbara J. Edwards, Associate Dean at the College of Education, who offered a waiver that allowed me to continue my program of study. In the same line of thinking I would like to recognize Dr. David F. Foulk, formerly Chair of the Department of Middle and Secondary Education (MSE), and currently Associate Dean at the Dean’s Office, College of Education. My gratitude to these people can never be emphasized enough. Dr. Ethel Jones, over three years, offered me the position of graduate assistant on the ESOL project in his department, which not only allowed me to pursue my studies, but also to sustain myself. My consideration and gratitude to him for his generous moves and friendship. Other faculty members deserve special attention here too. Such ones are Dr Elisabeth Platt, Dr. Eleni Pappamiehel, Dr. Frederick L. Jenks, and Dr. Steven E. Humphries from the Multilingual Multicultural Education Program (MMed); Dr. Susan N. Woods, from English Education, Dr. Deborah Floyd and Dr. Diana Rice among many other faculty members that I was brought to interact with at the Child Education Reading and Disability Services (CERDS) department. My deepest consideration for all their helpful prods. I am grateful to my elder, Professor Valy Charles Tuho, for his active role as I was engaged in my project through the remittance of foundational materials on Nafara people and culture, and for his insightful comments on cardinal aspects of my dissertation. I would also like to thank the following for their precious contributions to my research. First and foremost, Hélène AffouéYao, a doctoral student from the Université de Abidjan-Cocody, Côte d’Ivoire, contributed a lot in the preparation and the realization of this project, owing to the multifaceted roles she played. Thanks to her I was able to have access to Senufo literature that ever existed in Côte d’Ivoire; she also introduced me to the right people, as far as literacy in Senufo languages and dialects is concerned. She is a genuine friend, the type of friend anyone would wish to have on their side. I am grateful to her for putting herself to so much trouble to help out. Mehérigué Coulibaly, a linguistic technician versed in Cebaara, guided, edited, supervised the transcription of the tales used in the methodological test, and later helped transcribe most tales that went into vi the study. He also served as a consultant in many respects regarding issues related to the Nafara project.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
    Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Endangered Languages of Ghana
    American Journal of Linguistics 2012, 1(2): 10-18 DOI: 10.5923/j.linguistics.20120102.01 Some Endangered Languages of Ghana Jonas N. Akpanglo-Narte y1,*, Rebecca A. Akpanglo-Narte y2 1Office of the Vice-President (Academic), Regent University College of Science & Technology, Accra, Ghana 2Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Abstract The phenomenon of language endangerment and, ultimately, language loss is considered in regard to indigenous Ghanaian languages. It is established that two languages, namely, Ghanaian English (GhE) and Akan, especially the Twi dialect, and to a small degree, Ewe, are slowly killing off the smaller Ghanaian languages. For instance, in 1970 almost all Winneba natives spoke Efutu (Ewutu) as their first language. By 2010, 40 years later, only approximately 50% of children born to the Winneba natives speak Efutu as a first language. About 30% of these children speak no Efutu at all. Interestingly, medium-sized languages such as Ga, Dangme and Nzema are also slowly losing grounds to the three languages cited. Meanwhile there are some dozen Ghanaian languages that have less than 1000 estimated speakers each but which have held their own for a century. It is concluded that the closer a language community is to the major urban centers, the more likely it is to be endangered. It is further concluded that the language policy of the Ghana Government is contributing to the loss of Ghanaian languages. Ke ywo rds Endangered, Languages, Language Loss, Ghana, Ghanaian, Ga, Dangme, GaDangme the world’s top 10, namely, Standard Chinese, English, 1. Introduction Spanish, Bengali, Hindi, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Japanese, and German.
    [Show full text]
  • A Grammar of Tiefo Gur Language Family
    A Grammar of Tiefo Gur Language Family Gnanfongo Dialect Abbie E. Hantgan Dogon and Bangime Linguistics email: [email protected] draft dated January 17, 2014 ii A Grammar of Tiefo I am grateful to Dongui Ouattara and her two sons, Lamine and Jina, for their patience and fortitude. The people of Gnanfongo are former warriors and blacksmiths, and it is because of their courage that their language will not be lost without a fight. iii iv A Grammar of Tiefo Contents Author's Note ................................. ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Tiefo, Gur Language Family ......................... 1 1.2 Tiefo Language ................................ 4 1.2.1 Multilingualism ............................ 5 1.2.2 Endangerment ............................ 6 1.2.3 Dialectology ............................. 6 1.3 Environment ................................. 6 1.4 Previous and Contemporary Work ...................... 7 1.4.1 Previous Studies ........................... 7 1.4.2 Fieldwork and Methodology ..................... 7 1.4.3 Acknowledgements .......................... 7 2 Phonology 9 2.1 Phonological Structure ............................ 9 2.1.1 Syllables ............................... 9 2.1.2 Metrical Structure .......................... 10 2.2 Consonant Inventory ............................. 10 2.2.1 Representations of Glides w and y .................. 10 2.2.2 Sibilants ............................... 10 2.2.3 Nasalized Sonorants ......................... 10 2.2.4 Nasals ................................. 10 2.2.5 Voiceless Labials ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande Languages
    Article details Article author(s): Dmitry Idiatov Table of contents: Introduction General Overviews Textbooks Bibliographies Journals and Book Series Conferences Text Collections and Corpora Classifications Historical and Comparative Linguistics Western Mande Central Mande Southwestern Mande and Susu- Yalunka Soninke-Bozo, Samogo, and Bobo Southeastern Mande Eastern Mande Southern Mande Phonetics Phonology Morphosyntax Morphology Syntax Language Contact and Areal Linguistics Writing Systems MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande languages are spoken across much of inland West Africa up to the northwest of Nigeria as their eastern limit. The center of gravity of the Mande-speaking world is situated in the southwest of Mali and the neighboring regions. There are approximately seventy Mande languages. Mande languages have long been recognized as a coherent group. Thanks to both a sufficient number of clear lexical correspondences and the remarkable uniformity in basic morphosyntax, the attribution of a given language to Mande is usually straightforward. The major subdivision within Mande is between Western Mande, which comprises the majority of both languages and speakers, and Southeastern Mande (aka Southern Mande or Eastern Mande, which are also the names for the two subbranches of Southeastern Mande), a comparatively small but linguistically diverse and geographically dispersed group. Traditionally, Mande languages have been classified as one of the earliest offshoots of Niger-Congo. However, their external affiliation still remains a working hypothesis rather than an established fact. One of the most well-known Mande languages is probably Bamana (aka Bambara), as well as some of its close relatives, which in nonlinguistic publications are sometimes indiscriminately referred to as Mandingo. Mande languages are written in a variety of scripts ranging from Latin-based or Arabic-based alphabets to indigenously developed scripts, both syllabic and alphabetic.
    [Show full text]
  • Possessive Constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe Dialect Promise Dodzi Kpoglu
    Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect Promise Dodzi Kpoglu To cite this version: Promise Dodzi Kpoglu. Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect. Linguistics. Université de Lille; Universiteit Leiden (Leyde, Pays-Bas), 2019. English. NNT : 2019LILUH003. tel-02453932 HAL Id: tel-02453932 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02453932 Submitted on 24 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE LILLE CONSTRUCTIONS POSSESSIVES EN TONGUGBE, UN DIALECTE DE L'ÉWÉ POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN TONGUGBE, AN EWE DIALECT Promise DODZI KPOGLU Soutenue le 28 Février 2019 Directeurs de thèse: Prof.dr. A. Carlier (Université de Lille, Lille) Prof.dr. M.P.G.M. Mous (Université de Leyde, Leyde) Co-encadrant: Dr. F.K. Ameka (Université de Leyde, Leyde) Membres du jury: Prof.emer. D. Creissels (Université Lumière, Lyon) Prof.dr. M. Vanhove (Inalco & LLACAN CNRS, Paris) Prof.dr. J.E.C.V. Rooryck (Université de Leyde, Leyde), Président Dr. P.K. Agbedor (Central University, Accra) Dr. C. Patin (Université de Lille, Lille) POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN TONGUGBE, AN EWE DIALECT Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Berkeley Linguistics Society
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 18-20, 2005 SPECIAL SESSION on LANGUAGES OF WEST AFRICA Edited by Rebecca T. Cover and Yuni Kim Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright © 2006 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 0363-2946 LCCN 76-640143 Printed by Sheridan Books 100 N. Staebler Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS A note regarding the contents of this volume ...................................................... iv Foreword............................................................................................................. v SPECIAL SESSION Interpreting Yorùbá Bare Nouns as Generic......................................................... 1 OLADIIPO AJIBOYE Divergent Structure in Ogonoid Languages ....................................................... 13 OLIVER BOND and GREGORY D. ANDERSON A Fixed Hierarchy for Wolof Verbal Affixes..................................................... 25 LESTON BUELL and MARIAME SY S-O-V-X Constituent Order and Constituent Order Alternations in West African Languages ......................................................................................................... 37 DENIS CREISSELS Nupe Coordinate Structures: A Syntactically Heterogeneous Class.................... 53 JASON KANDYBOWICZ Emai’s Aspect-Causative Interaction ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Ewe Unification Movement in the United States
    HOME AWAY FROM HOME: A STUDY OF THE EWE UNIFICATION MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BY DJIFA KOTHOR THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in African Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Master’s Committee: Professor Faranak Miraftab, Chair Professor Kathryn Oberdeck Professor Alfred Kagan ABSTRACT This master’s thesis attempts to identity the reasons and causes for strong Ewe identity among those in the contemporary African Diaspora in the United States. An important debate among African nationalists and academics argues that ethnic belonging is a response to colonialism instigated by Western-educated African elites for their own political gain. Based on my observation of Ewe political discourses of discontent with the Ghana and Togolese governments, and through my exploratory interviews with Ewe immigrants in the United States; I argue that the formation of ethnic belonging and consciousness cannot be reduced to its explanation as a colonial project. Ewe politics whether in the diaspora, Ghana or Togo is due to two factors: the Ewe ethnonational consciousness in the period before independence; and the political marginalization of Ewes in the post-independence period of Ghana and Togo. Moreover, within the United States discrimination and racial prejudice against African Americans contribute to Ewe ethnic consciousness beyond their Togo or Ghana formal national belongings towards the formation of the Ewe associations in the United States. To understand the strong sense of Ewe identity among those living in the United States, I focus on the historical questions of ethnicity, regionalism and politics in Ghana and Togo.
    [Show full text]
  • History in Complexartworks Could Be, How They Were Both Intellectualand Visceral, Dramaticand Subtle
    tA7 - PHOTO: THE UNIVERSITYOF IOWAMUSEUM OF ART I was an early Arnold student, the result of his three non-Westernsurvey courses. As an undergraduate Is There senior I had taken classes in Easternand all sorts of Westernart, but I had never thought about or really even lookedat the arts of Africa, the Americas,or Oceania. Arnold was electrifying.For me he showed how History in complexartworks could be, how they were both intellectualand visceral, dramaticand subtle. He made art's importanceevident, and I appreciatedthat Horizontalimmensely. By then I had takenseveral studio courses, and I was nearly committedto graduate school in design. Arnold convertedme. As a first-year graduate student with him, I Masks? rememberour lively and provocativeseminars, and all the special speakershe broughtfor us to experience.But I also rememberafternoons and weekends,going with A Preliminary him to used-bookstores and a gun shop where wonderfulAfrican iron workshad ended up for sale. We went to a giant warehouseof old booksin Long Beach.I Response grew up in L.A. but had never gone to the place. He on the other hand had arrivedfrom the Midwest and made a beelinefor it, and so could takehis graduate students to the Dilemma directly to the spot where some six copies of The Secret Museum of Mankind sat patiently. These sorts of things, combinedwith my time with Arnold on campus, of Form madebeing his student especiallymemorable. PATRICKR. McNAUGHTON 40 The contemplation of forms has elements in their social realities, this of the horizontal mask into the northern inspired this essay, causing me to unity prompts a question worthy of fur- savanna of Central Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Lexical Evidence for Kordofanian
    KORDOFANIAN and NIGER-CONGO: NEW AND REVISED LEXICAL EVIDENCE DRAFT ONLY [N.B. bibliography and sources not fully complete] Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Answerphone/Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 E-mail [email protected] http://homepage.ntlworld.com/roger_blench/RBOP.htm TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms and Terminology............................................................................................................................ i 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Is there evidence for the unity of Kordofanian?....................................................................................... 3 2.1 Languages falling within Kordofanian.................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Kordofanian Phonology .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Kordofanian noun-class morphology...................................................................................................... 3 3. The lexical evidence for Niger-Congo affiliation...................................................................................... 4 3.1 Previous suggestions ............................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 New and amended proposed cognate sets
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Linguistic Diversity
    The Evolution of Linguistic Diversity Daniel Nettle Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD University College London 1996 ProQuest Number: 10044366 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10044366 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the causes and consequences of diversity in human language. It is divided into three sections, each of which addresses a different aspect of the topic. The first section uses computer simulations to examine various mechanisms which may produce diversity in language: imperfect learning, geographical isolation, selection on the basis of social affiliation, and functional selection amongst linguistic variants. It is concluded that social and functional selection by speakers provide the main motive forces for the divergence of languages. The second section examines the factors influencing the geographical distribution of languages in the world. By far the most important is the ecological regime in which people live. Seasonal climates produce large ethnolinguistic groups because people form large networks of exchange to mitigate the subsistence risk to which they are exposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Tungusic Languages
    641 TUNGUSIC LANGUAGES he last Imperial family that reigned in Beij- Nanai or Goldi has about 7,000 speakers on the T ing, the Qing or Manchu dynasty, seized banks ofthe lower Amur. power in 1644 and were driven out in 1912. Orochen has about 2,000 speakers in northern Manchu was the ancestral language ofthe Qing Manchuria. court and was once a major language ofthe Several other Tungusic languages survive, north-eastern province ofManchuria, bridge- with only a few hundred speakers apiece. head ofthe Japanese invasion ofChina in the 1930s. It belongs to the little-known Tungusic group Numerals in Manchu, Evenki and Nanai oflanguages, usually believed to formpart ofthe Manchu Evenki Nanai ALTAIC family. All Tungusic languages are spo- 1 emu umuÅn emun ken by very small population groups in northern 2 juwe dyuÅr dyuer China and eastern Siberia. 3 ilan ilan ilan Manchu is the only Tungusic language with a 4 duin digin duin written history. In the 17th century the Manchu 5 sunja tungga toinga rulers ofChina, who had at firstruled through 6 ninggun nyungun nyungun the medium of MONGOLIAN, adapted Mongolian 7 nadan nadan nadan script to their own language, drawing some ideas 8 jakon dyapkun dyakpun from the Korean syllabary. However, in the 18th 9 uyun eÅgin khuyun and 19th centuries Chinese ± language ofan 10 juwan dyaÅn dyoan overwhelming majority ± gradually replaced Manchu in all official and literary contexts. From George L. Campbell, Compendium of the world's languages (London: Routledge, 1991) The Tungusic languages Even or Lamut has 7,000 speakers in Sakha, the Kamchatka peninsula and the eastern Siberian The mountain forest coast ofRussia.
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section V
    V (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) V2 Class (Steam locomotives) Vaca family UF Ryan, Valerie (Fictitious character) USE Class V2 (Steam locomotives) USE Baca family Valerie Ryan (Fictitious character) V838 Mon (Astronomy) Vaca Island (Haiti) V-1 bomb (Not Subd Geog) USE V838 Monocerotis (Astronomy) USE Vache Island (Haiti) UF Buzz bomb V838 Monocerotis (Astronomy) Vaca Muerta Formation (Argentina) Flying bomb This heading is not valid for use as a geographic BT Formations (Geology)—Argentina FZG-76 (Bomb) subdivision. Geology, Stratigraphic—Cretaceous Revenge Weapon One UF V838 Mon (Astronomy) Geology, Stratigraphic—Jurassic Robot bombs Variable star V838 Monocerotis Vacada Rockshelter (Spain) V-1 rocket BT Variable stars UF Abrigo de La Vacada (Spain) Vergeltungswaffe Eins V1343 Aquilae (Astronomy) BT Caves—Spain BT Surface-to-surface missiles USE SS433 (Astronomy) Spain—Antiquities NT A-5 rocket VA hospitals Vacamwe (African people) Fieseler Fi 103R (Piloted flying bomb) USE Veterans' hospitals—United States USE Kamwe (African people) V-1 rocket VA mycorrhizas Vacamwe language USE V-1 bomb USE Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas USE Kamwe language V-2 bomb Va Ngangela (African people) Vacanas USE V-2 rocket USE Ngangela (African people) USE Epigrams, Kannada V-2 rocket (Not Subd Geog) Vaaga family Vacancy of the Holy See UF A-4 rocket USE Waaga family UF Popes—Vacancy of the Holy See Revenge Weapon Two Vaagd family Sede vacante Robot bombs USE Voget family BT Papacy V-2 bomb Vaagn (Armenian deity) Vacant family (Not Subd Geog) Vergeltungswaffe Zwei USE Vahagn (Armenian deity) UF De Wacquant family BT Rockets (Ordnance) Vaago (Faroe Islands) Wacquant family NT A-5 rocket USE Vágar (Faroe Islands) Vacant land — Testing Vaagri (Indic people) USE Vacant lands NT Operation Sandy, 1947 USE Yerukala (Indic people) Vacant lands (May Subd Geog) V-12 (Helicopter) (Not Subd Geog) Vaagri Boli language (May Subd Geog) Here are entered works on urban land without UF Homer (Helicopter) [PK2893] buildings, and not currently being used.
    [Show full text]