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Metos, Merik the Vanishing Pope.Pdf
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY THE VANISHING POPE MERIK HUNTER METOS SPRING 2009 ADVISOR: DR. SPOHNHOLZ DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS Honors Thesis ************************* PASS WITH DISTINCTION JOSI~~ s eLf" \\)J I \%\1 )10 dW JOJ JOS!Ape S!SalH· S\;/ :383110J S~ONOH A.1IS~31\INn 3H.1 0.1 PRECIS Pope Benoit XIII (1328-1423), although an influential advocate for reforms within the Catholic Church in the middle ages, receives little attention from modem historians. Historians rarely offer more than a brief biography and often neglect to mention at all his key role in the Great Schism. Yet, the very absence ofPope Benoit XIU from most historical narratives of medieval history itself highlights the active role that historians play in determining what gets recorded. In some cases, the choices that people make in determining what does, and what does not, get included in historical accounts reveals as much about the motivations and intentions of the people recording that past as it does about their subjects. This essay studies one example of this problem, in this case Europeans during the Reformation era who self-consciously manipulated sources from medieval history to promote their own agendas. We can see this in the sixteenth-century translation ofa treatise written by the medieval theologian Nicholas de Clamanges (1363-1437. Clamanges was a university professor and served as Benoit XIII's secretary during the Great Schism in Avignon, France. The treatise, entitled La Traite de fa Ruine de f'Eglise, was written in Latin in 1398 and was first distributed after Clamanges' death in 1437. -
Royal Government in Guyenne During the First War of Religion
ROYAL GOVERNMENT IN GUYENNE DURING THE FIRST WAR OF RELIGION: 1561 - 1563 by DANIEL RICHARD BIRCH B.R.E., Northwest Baptist Theological College, i960 B.A., University of British Columbia, 1963 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 1968 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his represen• tatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date March 21, 1968 - ABSTRACT - The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the principal challenges to royal authority and the means by which royal authority was maintained in France during the first War of Religion (1561-1563). The latter half of the sixteenth century was a critical period for the French monarchy. Great noble families attempted to re-establish their feudal power at the expense of the crown. Francis II and Charles IX, kings who were merely boys, succeeded strong monarchs on the throne. The kingdom was im• poverished by foreign wars and overrun by veteran soldiers, ill- absorbed into civil life. -
Catherine De' Medici: the Crafting of an Evil Legend
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2020 Apr 27th, 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM Catherine de' Medici: The Crafting of an Evil Legend Lindsey J. Donohue Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, History Commons, and the Italian Language and Literature Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Donohue, Lindsey J., "Catherine de' Medici: The Crafting of an Evil Legend" (2020). Young Historians Conference. 23. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2020/papers/23 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. CATHERINE DE’ MEDICI: THE CRAFTING OF AN EVIL LEGEND Lindsey Donohue Western Civilization February 18, 2020 1 When describing the legend of the evil Italian queen, Catherine de’ Medici, and why Medici has been historically misrepresented, being credited with such malediction and wickedness, N.M Sutherland states that she has been viewed as a, “. .monster of selfish ambition, who sacrificed her children, her adopted country, her principles - if she ever had any - , and all who stood in her way to the satisfaction of her all-consuming desire for power.”1 The legend of the wicked Italian queen held widespread attraction among many, especially after Medici’s death in 1589. The famous legend paints Medici inaccurately by disregarding her achievements as queen regent as well as her constant struggle to administer peace during a time of intense political turmoil and religious feuding, and it assumes that Medici was a victim of circumstance. -
Historical Calendars, Commemorative Processions and the Recollection of the Wars of Religion During the Ancien Régime
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for the Study of French History. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected] doi:10.1093/fh/crn046, available online at www.fh.oxfordjournals.org Advance Access published on October 8, 2008 DIVIDED MEMORIES? HISTORICAL CALENDARS, COMMEMORATIVE PROCESSIONS AND THE RECOLLECTION OF THE WARS OF RELIGION DURING THE ANCIEN RÉGIME PHILIP BENEDICT * Abstract — In the centuries that followed the Edict of Nantes, a number of texts and rituals preserved partisan historical recollections of episodes from the Wars of Religion. One important Huguenot ‘ site of memory ’ was the historical calendar. The calendars published between 1590 and 1685 displayed a particular concern with the Wars of Religion, recalling events that illustrated Protestant victimization and Catholic sedition. One important Catholic site of memory was the commemorative procession. Ten or more cities staged annual processions throughout the ancien régime thanking God for delivering them from the violent, sacrilegious Huguenots during the civil wars. If, shortly after the Fronde, you happened to purchase at the temple of Charenton a 1652 edition of the Psalms of David published by Pierre Des-Hayes, you also received at the front of the book a twelve-page historical calendar listing 127 noteworthy events that took place on selected days of the year. 1 Seven of the entries in this calendar came from sacred history and told you such dates as when the tablets of the Law were handed down on Mount Sinai (5 June) or when John the Baptist received the ambassador sent from Jerusalem mentioned in John 1.19 (1 January). -
Violence in Reformation France Christopher M
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Maria Dittman Library Research Competition: Library (Raynor Memorial Libraries) Student Award Winners 4-1-2010 Quel Horreur!: Violence in Reformation France Christopher M. McFadin Marquette University, [email protected] Undergraduate recipient (Junior/Senior category) of the Library's Maria Dittman Award, Spring 2010. Paper written for History 4995 (Independent Study) with Dr. Julius Ruff. © Christopher M. McFadin 1 Quel horreur! : Violence in Reformation France By Chris McFadin History 4995: Independent Study on Violence in the French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 Dr. Julius Ruff November 9, 2009 2 Oh happy victory! It is to you alone Lord, not to us, the distinguished trophy of honor. In one stroke you tore up the trunk, and the root, and the strewn earth of the heretical vermin. Vermin, who were caught in snares that they had dared to set for your faithful subjects. Oh favorable night! Hour most desirable in which we placed our hope. 1 Michel de Roigny, On the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 1572 The level of sectarian violence that erupted in Reformation France was extraordinary. Otherwise ordinary Catholics tortured their Huguenot neighbors to death and then afterwards mutilated their corpses, sometimes feeding the disfigured remains to farm animals. Catholic children elicited applause from their coreligionists as they killed adult Huguenots by tearing them to pieces. Huguenots assaulted Catholic priests during the Mass, pillaged Catholic churches, and desecrated the Host. Indeed, as the sectarian duel increased in frequency and intensity, a man could be killed for calling someone a Huguenot; both sides used religion to rationalize the assassinations of dukes and kings. -
Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion Thomas E
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Summer 5-12-2017 Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion Thomas E. Shumaker University of New Mexico, Albuquerque Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Shumaker, Thomas E.. "Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion." (2017). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/176 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thomas Shumaker Candidate Graduate Unit (Department): History Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Charlie R. Steen, Chairperson Dr. Patricia Risso________________ Dr. Linda Biesele Hall____________ Dr. Marina Peters-Newell_________ i Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion BY Thomas Shumaker B.A. magna cum laude, Ohio University, 1998 M.Div., Concordia Theological Seminary, 2004 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2017 ii Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion By Thomas Shumaker B.A. magna cum laude, Ohio University, 1998 M.Div. -
Memory Before Modernity Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions
Memory before Modernity Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions Edited by Andrew Colin Gow, Edmonton, Alberta In cooperation with Sylvia Brown, Edmonton, Alberta Falk Eisermann, Berlin Berndt Hamm, Erlangen Johannes Heil, Heidelberg Susan C. Karant-Nunn, Tucson, Arizona Martin Kaufhold, Augsburg Erik Kwakkel, Leiden Jürgen Miethke, Heidelberg Christopher Ocker, San Anselmo and Berkeley, California Founding Editor Heiko A. Oberman † VOLUME 176 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/smrt Memory before Modernity Practices of Memory in Early Modern Europe Edited by Erika Kuijpers Judith Pollmann Johannes Müller Jasper van der Steen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 The digital edition of this title is published in Open Access. Cover illustration: Memorial tablet in the façade of the so-called ‘Spanish House’ in the Holland town of Naarden, located on the spot of the former town hall. In 1572 during the Dutch Revolt, 700 men from Naarden were gathered here and killed by Habsburg troops. The town hall was burnt down and rebuilt in 1615. (Photo Ralf Akemann). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Memory before modernity : practices of memory in early modern Europe / edited by Erika Kuijpers, Judith Pollmann, Johannes Müller, Jasper van der Steen. pages cm. — (Studies in medieval and Reformation traditions, ISSN 1573-4188; volume 176) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-26124-2 (hardback : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26125-9 (e-book) 1. Memory—Social aspects—Europe—History—16th century. 2. Memory—Social aspects— Europe—History—17th century. 3. Loss (Psychology)—Social aspects—Europe—History. 4. Social conflict—Europe—History. -
AHR Roundtable Ending the French Wars of Religion
AHR Roundtable Ending the French Wars of Religion ALLAN A. TULCHIN ONE OF THE STRIKING PECULIARITIES ABOUT early modern wars is how intractable they were. Designations like “the Thirty Years’ War” and “the Eighty Years’ War” surely makethepointadequately.Oneofthemostextremecasesinthisregardisthe French Wars of Religion (1562–1598), in which the later Valois kings fought Protes- tants and radical Catholics.1 Historians have struggled to find a conceptual frame- work to clarify this complex narrative. The wars have traditionally been divided into eight numbered conflicts, which can be mind-numbing even for specialists.2 The wars are also famous for their horrifying massacres and assassinations, including the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572), the most iconic act of religious violence in early modern Europe.3 Some of the older scholarship has portrayed the wars as a series of largely identi- cal clashes that continued to reignite because France’s Catholics simply refused to accept the existence of an organized Protestant movement in the country. As Pierre Miquel put it, “The Wars of Religion were not a civil war ...[Theconflict] was mer- ciless, pitting man against man. Its goal was not to dominate the adversary, but to This article began as a paper delivered at the 2012 Western Society for French History conference in Banff, Alberta. My thanks to Jill Fehleison and Amanda Eurich, who invited me to be on the panel; to Bill Sewell for some bibliographic suggestions; and to Paul Cohen (especially), Phil Hoffman, Brian Sand- berg, Rob Schneider, and the AHR’s anonymous referees for reading and commenting on the manuscript at various stages. -
Middmunc 2020
MiddMUNC 2020 MiddMUNC 2020 JCC: The War of the Three Henry’s Background Guide MiddMUNC 2020 Table of Contents Letter from the Secretary General .............................................................................................................................................1 Letter from the Crisis Director .....................................................................................................................................................2 Letter from the Chairs ..........................................................................................................................................................................3 Background ....................................................................................................................................................................................................5 The Reformation ..............................................................................................................................................................................................5 French Wars of Religion Begin .................................................................................................................................................................5 The Massacre of Wassy and Its Aftermath ..........................................................................................................................................6 Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre .......................................................................................................................................................7 -
Letters from the Queen of Navarre with an Ample Declaration
JEANNE D’ALBRET Letters from the Queen of Navarre with an Ample Declaration • Edited and translated by KATHLEEN M. LLEWELLYN, EMILY E. THOMPSON, AND COLETTE H. WINN Iter Academic Press Toronto, Ontario Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tempe, Arizona 2016 Iter Academic Press Tel: 416/978–7074 Email: [email protected] Fax: 416/978–1668 Web: www.itergateway.org Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tel: 480/965–5900 Email: [email protected] Fax: 480/965–1681 Web: acmrs.org © 2016 Iter, Inc. and the Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State University. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jeanne d’Albret, Queen of Navarre, 1528–1572, author. | Llewellyn, Kathleen M., editor and translator. | Thompson, Emily E., editor and translator. | Winn, Colette H., editor and translator. | Jeanne d’Albret, Queen of Navarre, 1528–1572. Ample déclaration. Title: Jeanne d’Albret : letters from the Queen of Navarre with an ample declaration / edited and translated by Kathleen M. Llewellyn, Emily E. Thompson, and Collette H. Winn. Other titles: Correspondence. English. | Ample déclaration. Description: Tempe, Arizona : Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies ; Toronto, Ontario : Iter Academic Press, [2016] | Series: The other voice in early modern Europe ; 43 | Series: Medieval and renaissance texts and studies ; volume 490 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015042129 (print) | LCCN 2015047111 (ebook) | ISBN 9780866985451 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780866987172 () Subjects: LCSH: Jeanne d’Albret, Queen of Navarre, 1528–1572.--Correspondence | Queens--France-- Correspondence. | France--Kings and rulers--Correspondence. | France--History--Charles IX, 1560-1574--Sources. -
Chapter 1 – Storms and Stress
1 The Religion of king and kingdom in 16th century France In early 1560, the French monarchy suddenly entered a long period of crisis and diminished authority, of which an early casualty was the policy of repressing heresy that it had pursued with increasing intensity during the previous twenty years. It now offered an amnesty to its Protestants, thereby provisionally decriminalising heresy. Yet at that juncture – and indeed for many years thereafter – few people on either side of the religious divide could imagine that there would be no return during their lifetime to the pre-1560 principle of ‘one faith, one king, one law’.1 In taking this step, the monarchy moved into unfamiliar territory, and found itself without a road-map or a ready-made script for action. The precedents – not always successful – for resolving religious conflict by peaceful means elsewhere in contemporary Europe, especially in the neighbouring Empire and Switzerland were not, as France’s élites well knew, promising, and if anything they suggested that even face-to-face discussion served mainly to further harden existing convictions among the rival confessions. Above all, these experiences simply did not ‘fit’ the unified political geography of western Europe’s largest monarchy, which was quite unlike the mostly microscopic Swiss-German neighbours in question. Still seeing itself as God’s elect-nation, France had no prior experience at all of the inter-confessional colloquies of its eastern neighbours, so when holding discussions with its own Protestants was finally proposed in 1560-1, conservatives fiercely – and not surprisingly – objected to it as tantamount to admitting that heretics were equals with something potentially acceptable to say. -
The Judicial Court Structure of Sixteenth-Century France
TTJ 16.1 (2013): 34-59 ISSN 1598-7140 The Judicial Court Structure of Sixteenth-Century France Lauren J. Kim Torch Trinity Graduate University, Korea Although there are several books in the French language that outline government institutions during the Ancien Régime—written by established scholars such as Bernard Barbiche and Roger Doucet—an English monograph has yet to be created that discusses the various institutions in sixteenth-century France.1 Institutions, primarily the judicial courts, bound France as a single country tying a provincially segmented people to a single monarch. The diversity of French dialects, local laws, or cultures could not unify the kingdom under a common milieu. This essay is not the place for a detailed translation of immense referential works written by scholars on early modern French institutions. Instead, it will provide a rudimentary overview on the judicial system’s basic bodies in sixteenth-century France. The complex juridical structures will be simplified by discussing basic units and their locations in the kingdom and attempt to explain the layers of justice on a multilevel administrative cake. The purpose of writing this paper is to help my students who lack the language and resources to understand the basic judicial structure in French history. Many of my students have high interests in Huguenot history through the works and missionary heart of John Calvin. However, they find French legal politics extremely complicated. When they read textbooks, these institutions are never discussed as a whole system but in parts. My goal is to simplify their research by discussing the juridical structure.