DOCSLIB.ORG

Developmental State? a Comparative Analysis: Japan and Croatia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Developmental State? a Comparative Analysis: Japan and Croatia Dissertation Titel der Dissertation Quo vadis, developmental state? A comparative analysis: Japan and Croatia Verfasserin Mag.rer.soc.oec. Maja Šoštarić Angestrebter akademischer Grad Dr.phil. Wien, im April 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Brand To my mother and my very best friend, who made me believe that “there’s no such place as far away” Preface and acknowledgements Although I am a graduate in economics, I have always been interested in political science and international affairs. After having graduated in June 2007, I was admitted to Diplomatic Academy of Vienna. Moreover, during summer 2007, I first considered enrolling into a doctoral programme in political science in order to broaden my knowledge in international politics and international relations. Still, I have never wanted to write exclusively about a subject in the field of political science, but rather, my wish was to link the dissertation subject to the knowledge of economics I had already acquired. Actually, political economy caught my interest during my undergraduate studies. I heard about the notion of developmental state for the first time while studying for a Magister in economics, during a class on international economics and development. I knew immediately that I wanted to know more about it. At the same time, I started learning Japanese in 2006 and was absolutely fascinated by the language, and, generally, by Japan’s politics, economics and culture. Hence, for my dissertation topic I decided to merge all subjects I am passionate about in a unique study: political science, economics, Japan, and finally, my own home country, Croatia. Therefore my expression of thanks goes firstly to Professor Ulrich Brand, who did not hesitate to accept the supervision of my doctoral thesis, although I was new at the Institute of Political Sciences. Professor Brand’s valuable advice, helpful assistance and very detailed comments were of great help for me. Moreover, I want to thank Professor Minoru Sawai from the Department of Economics, Osaka University, who was at my disposition for all information I needed during my doctoral research in Osaka in summer 2008. Of course, I must not forget the Japan Foundation in Kansai that selected and fully sponsored me during a two-month programme for young researchers in summer 2008. Both the Japanese language course and the assistance for the doctoral research offered by the Japan Foundation were unmatched and superb. Additionally, I want to mention the Paris Dauphine University, where I spent an exchange semester in 2008/09, and where I was gratefully given permission to use a library designed for the Dauphine master and doctoral students only. Finally, if it had not been for the constant moral and financial support of my mother, I would have never learned what I know today, I certainly would not have seen as much of the world as I did, and, consequently, I would have never written this doctoral thesis. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 11 PART I: SUMMARIZING THEORIES OF THE STATE............................................... 19 CHAPTER 1: DEMYSTIFYING THE STATE ................................................................ 21 1.1 THE MAIN CLASSIC THEORIES OF THE STATE ........................................... 21 1.1.1 THE NEW RIGHT ................................................................................................................. 25 1.1.2 ELITE THEORY ........................................................................................................................ 28 1.1.3 MARXISM AND NEOMARXISM....................................................................................... 32 1.1.4 PLURALISM AND NEO-PLURALISM ........................................................................... 36 1.2 ENDOGENIZING STATE POWER.......................................................................... 42 1.2.1 STATE CAPACITY OR STATE CAPACITIES? ....................................................... 45 1.2.2 STATE CAPACITY IN VIEW OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION........... 54 1.3 CONCLUSION: THE STATE, GLOBALIZATION AND THE FRAMEWORK OF NEO-PLURALISM ............................................................................................................. 57 CHAPTER 2: FROM THE DEVELOPMENTAL TO THE POST-DEVELOPMENTAL STATE................................................................................................................................. 61 2.1. DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE NOTION.......................................................... 62 2.1.1 THE STATE: BUREAUCRACY AND POLITICS...................................................... 67 2.1.2 STATE-LED INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT........................................................... 75 2.1.3 THEORY OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ...................................................................................... 86 2.2 THE POST-DEVELOPMENTAL STATE................................................................. 89 2.2.1. THE NEOLIBERAL WASHINGTON CONSENSUS ............................................. 90 2.2.2 A FAILURE OF THE CONSENSUS: ARGENTINA................................................ 95 2.2.3 FROM THE POST-CONSENSUS TO THE NEW ECONOMIC CRISIS ..... 98 8 2.2.4 ARGUMENTS CALLING FOR A NEW REVISION OF THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENTAL STATE......................................................................................................... 100 A. ‘IRON TRIANGLES’.................................................................................................................... 100 B. STATE AND BUSINESS AND... WELL, THAT’S IT.................................................. 105 2.3 CONCLUSION: DEVELOPMENTAL STATE - ACTORS AND THEIR POWER, NOW AND THEN ............................................................................................................ 108 PART II: CASE STUDIES .............................................................................................. 111 CHAPTER 3: JAPAN, DOKUJI NO MODERU ........................................................... 113 3.1. BIRTH OF THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: A SHORT HISTORY ............................................................................................................................................ 114 3.1.1. THE TOKUGAWA (EDO) PERIOD (1603-1868)................................................. 114 3.1.2. THE MEIJI RESTORATION (1868-1912) ............................................................... 121 3.1.3 FROM THE MEIJI INTO THE WARS: 1912-1945 ............................................... 128 3.1.4. AMERICAN OCCUPATION (1945-1952) UNTIL TODAY .............................. 133 3.2. JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTALISM.................................................................... 138 3.2.1. APPRAISAL OF JAPANESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTALIS ............ 139 3.2.1.1. ANGLO-SAXON CAPITALISM VS. JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTALISM: THEORY AND PRACTICE........................................................................................................... 140 3.2.1.2. MARXISM VS. JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTALISM.................................... 143 3.2.1.3 CHALMERS JOHNSON AND HIS “SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT” ............. 147 3.2.2. ELEMENTS OF THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE.................. 149 3.2.2.1. JAPANESE BUREAUCRACY................................................................................... 150 A. BUREAUCRACY AS THE PART OF AN “IRON TRIANGLE”.......................... 152 B. BUREAUCRACY AS PILLAR OF PILOT AGENCIES ............................................. 157 3.2.2.2 THE JAPANESE POLITICIANS ................................................................................ 162 3.2.2.3. BIG BUSINESSES AND THEIR RELATION TO LABOUR ....................... 168 3.3 CONCLUSION: JAPAN, MISUNDERSTOOD? ................................................... 174 9 CHAPTER 4: CROATIA, RELIQUIAE RELIQUARIUM?........................................... 177 4.1 SHORT REVIEW OF THE MODERN HISTORY OF CROATIA ....................... 179 4.1.1 CROATIA UNTIL WORLD WAR I................................................................................. 179 4.1.2 CROATIA IN THE FIRST YUGOSLAVIA UNTIL THE WORLD WAR II... 191 4.1.3 CROATIA IN THE SECOND YUGOSLAVIA........................................................... 199 4.1.4 FROM THE HOMELAND WAR TO THE EU-CANDIDACY............................ 207 4.2 ECONOMY OF YUGOSLAVIA, 1945-1990 ........................................................ 210 4.2.1 SHORT HISTORY OF THE YUGOSLAV ECONOMIC MODEL .................. 210 4.2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF YUGOSLAV ECONOMY............................................ 217 A. POLITICAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ........................................................ 217 B. BUREAUCRACY AND SOCIAL PLANNING ................................................................ 220 C. SELF-MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................. 226 4.3 ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF CROATIA AFTER 1990....................... 234 4.4 CONCLUSION: NEITHER SELF-MANAGEMENT NOR WILD CAPITALISM? ............................................................................................................................................ 239 PART III: RETHINKING THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE ...................................... 243 CHAPTER 5: AND HOW ABOUT TODAY?...............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nationalism in Japan's Contemporary Foreign Policy
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Nationalism in Japan’s Contemporary Foreign Policy: A Consideration of the Cases of China, North Korea, and India Maiko Kuroki A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, February 2013 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of <88,7630> words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Josh Collins and Greg Demmons. 2 of 3 Abstract Under the Koizumi and Abe administrations, the deterioration of the Japan-China relationship and growing tension between Japan and North Korea were often interpreted as being caused by the rise of nationalism. This thesis aims to explore this question by looking at Japan’s foreign policy in the region and uncovering how political actors manipulated the concept of nationalism in foreign policy discourse.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W
    Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W. Ingrao, senior editor Gary B. Cohen, editor Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies A Scholars’ Initiative Edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert United States Institute of Peace Press Washington, D.C. D Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana Copyright 2009 by Purdue University. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Second revision, May 2010. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars’ Initiative / edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-55753-533-7 1. Yugoslavia--History--1992-2003. 2. Former Yugoslav republics--History. 3. Yugoslavia--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 4. Former Yugoslav republics--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 5. Ethnic conflict-- Yugoslavia--History--20th century. 6. Ethnic conflict--Former Yugoslav republics--History--20th century. 7. Yugoslav War, 1991-1995. 8. Kosovo War, 1998-1999. 9. Kosovo (Republic)--History--1980-2008. I. Ingrao, Charles W. II. Emmert, Thomas Allan, 1945- DR1316.C66 2009 949.703--dc22 2008050130 Contents Introduction Charles Ingrao 1 1. The Dissolution of Yugoslavia Andrew Wachtel and Christopher Bennett 12 2. Kosovo under Autonomy, 1974–1990 Momčilo Pavlović 48 3. Independence and the Fate of Minorities, 1991–1992 Gale Stokes 82 4. Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995 Marie-Janine Calic 114 5. The International Community and the FRY/Belligerents, 1989–1997 Matjaž Klemenčič 152 6. Safe Areas Charles Ingrao 200 7. The War in Croatia, 1991–1995 Mile Bjelajac and Ozren Žunec 230 8. Kosovo under the Milošević Regime Dusan Janjić, with Anna Lalaj and Besnik Pula 272 9.
    [Show full text]
  • The Abduction of Japanese People by North Korea And
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Ritsumeikan Research Repository THE ABDUCTION OF JAPANESE PEOPLE BY NORTH KOREA AND THE DYNAMICS OF JAPANESE DOMESTIC POLITICS AND FOREIGN POLICY: CASE STUDIES OF SHIN KANEMARU AND JUNICHIRO KOIZUMI’S PYONGYANG SUMMIT MEETINGS IN 1990, 2002 AND 2004’S PYONGYANG SUMMIT MEETINGS by PARK Seohee 51114605 March 2017 Master’s Thesis / Independent Final Report Presented to Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Asia Pacific Studies ACKNOLEGEMENTS First and foremost, I praise and thank my Lord, who gives me the opportunity and talent to accomplish this research. You gave me the power to trust in my passion and pursue my dreams. I could never have done this without the faith I have in You, the Almighty. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Yoichiro Sato for your excellent support and guidance. You gave me the will to carry on and never give up in any hardship. Under your great supervision, this work came into existence. Again, I am so grateful for your trust, informative advice, and encouragement. I am deeply thankful and honored to my loving family. My two Mr. Parks and Mrs. Keum for your support, love and trust. Every moment of every day, I thank our Lord Almighty for giving me such a wonderful family. I would like to express my gratitude to Rotary Yoneyama Memorial Foundation, particularly to Mrs. Toshiko Takahashi (and her family), Kunisaki Club, Mr. Minoru Akiyoshi and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-Asianism As an Ideal of Asian Identity and Solidarity, 1850–Present アジアの主体性・団結の理想としての汎アジア主 義−−１８５０年から今日まで
    Volume 9 | Issue 17 | Number 1 | Article ID 3519 | Apr 25, 2011 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Pan-Asianism as an Ideal of Asian Identity and Solidarity, 1850–Present アジアの主体性・団結の理想としての汎アジア主 義−−１８５０年から今日まで Christopher W. A. Szpilman, Sven Saaler Pan-Asianism as an Ideal of Asian Attempts to define Asia are almost as old as the Identity and Solidarity,term itself. The word “Asia” originated in ancient Greece in the fifth century BC. It 1850–Present originally denoted the lands of the Persian Empire extending east of the Bosphorus Straits Sven Saaler and Christopher W. A. but subsequently developed into a general term Szpilman used by Europeans to describe all the lands lying to the east of Europe. (The point where This is a revised, updated and abbreviated Europe ended and Asia began was, however, version of the introduction to the two volume never clearly defined.) Often, this usage collection by the authors ofPan-Asianism. A connoted a threat, real or perceived, by Asia to Documentary History Vol. 1 covers the years Europe—a region smaller in area, much less 1850-1920; Vol. 2 covers the years 1850- populous, poorer, and far less significant than present, link. Asia in terms of global history. The economic and political power of Asia, the The term “Asia” arrived in East Asia relatively world’s largest continent, is increasing rapidly. late, being introduced by Jesuit missionaries in According to the latest projections, the gross the sixteenth century. The term is found, domestic products of China and India, the written in Chinese characters 亜細亜( ), on world’s most populous nations, will each Chinese maps of the world made around 1600 surpass that of the United States in the not-too- under the supervision of Matteo Ricci distant future.
    [Show full text]
  • What Can Taiwan (And the United States) Expect from Japan?
    Journal of East Asian Studies 5 (2005), 1–34 What Can Taiwan (and the United States) Expect from Japan? Gregory W. Noble In the 1990s and into the new century, increased Japanese sympathy toward Taiwan and antipathy toward mainland China led to a series of moves to improve treatment of Taiwan, including enhanced transporta- tion links, a higher level and frequency of official contacts, posting of a military attaché, and expressions of support for Taiwan’s participation in regional and international organizations. Nevertheless, Japan remains firmly wedded to a One China policy that opposes both the use of force by the mainland and a declaration by Taiwan of independence from China. Japan’s willingness to cooperate with the United States to defend Taiwan is increasingly in doubt. The sources of Japan’s supportive but restrained policy include the decline of traditional ties with Taiwan, the increasing size of the mainland market, and above all a perception of security risks that ultimately diverges sharply from that of Taiwan. Seri- ous cooperation in defense and diplomacy requires shared (or comple- mentary) threats, not just shared adversaries. KEYWORDS: Japanese foreign policy, Japan-Taiwan relations, Japan- China relations, Sino-Japanese relations onfrontation over the sovereignty of Taiwan is the most likely trig- C ger for superpower conflict in East Asia and perhaps in the entire world. North Korea may brandish a small stock of missiles and nuclear devices for blackmail or deterrence, but only Taiwan sets today’s domi- nant military
    [Show full text]
  • The Politicization of Ethnicity As a Prelude to Ethnopolitical Conflict: Croatia and Serbia in Former Yugoslavia
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 6-2001 The Politicization of Ethnicity as a Prelude to Ethnopolitical Conflict: Croatia and Serbia in Former Yugoslavia Agneza Bozic-Roberson Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the International Relations Commons, Political Theory Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons Recommended Citation Bozic-Roberson, Agneza, "The Politicization of Ethnicity as a Prelude to Ethnopolitical Conflict: Croatia and Serbia in Former Yugoslavia" (2001). Dissertations. 1354. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1354 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POLITICIZATION OF ETHNICITY AS A PRELUDE TO ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICT: CROATIA AND SERBIA IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA by Agneza Bozic-Roberson A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE POLITICIZATION OF ETHNICITY AS A PRELUDE TO ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICT: CROATIA AND SERBIA IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Agneza Bozic-Roberson, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2001 This interdisciplinary research develops a framework or a model for the study of the politicization of ethnicity, a process that transforms peaceful ethnic conflict into violent inter-ethnic conflict. The hypothesis investigated in this study is that the ethnopolitical conflict that led to the break up of former Yugoslavia was the result of deliberate politicization of ethnicity.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Cultural Exchange: from Medieval
    Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Volume 1: Issue 1 Cultural Exchange: from Medieval to Modernity AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies JOURNAL OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH STUDIES Volume 1, Issue 1 Cultural Exchange: Medieval to Modern Published by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen in association with The universities of the The Irish-Scottish Academic Initiative and The Stout Research Centre Irish-Scottish Studies Programme Victoria University of Wellington ISSN 1753-2396 Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Issue Editor: Cairns Craig Associate Editors: Stephen Dornan, Michael Gardiner, Rosalyn Trigger Editorial Advisory Board: Fran Brearton, Queen’s University, Belfast Eleanor Bell, University of Strathclyde Michael Brown, University of Aberdeen Ewen Cameron, University of Edinburgh Sean Connolly, Queen’s University, Belfast Patrick Crotty, University of Aberdeen David Dickson, Trinity College, Dublin T. M. Devine, University of Edinburgh David Dumville, University of Aberdeen Aaron Kelly, University of Edinburgh Edna Longley, Queen’s University, Belfast Peter Mackay, Queen’s University, Belfast Shane Alcobia-Murphy, University of Aberdeen Brad Patterson, Victoria University of Wellington Ian Campbell Ross, Trinity College, Dublin The Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies is a peer reviewed journal, published twice yearly in September and March, by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen. An electronic reviews section is available on the AHRC Centre’s website: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/riiss/ahrc- centre.shtml Editorial correspondence, including manuscripts for submission, should be addressed to The Editors,Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies, AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies, Humanity Manse, 19 College Bounds, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UG or emailed to [email protected] Subscriptions and business correspondence should be address to The Administrator.
    [Show full text]
  • “In Defense of Zionism”
    The Wall Street Journal August 2-3, 2014 The Saturday Essay “In Defense of Zionism” ‘The often reviled ideology that gave rise to Israel has been an astonishing historical success’ By Michael B. Oren A Jewish State: See some key moments in the history of Zionism and Israel Robert Capa/ICP/Magnum Photos They come from every corner of the country—investment bankers, farmers, computer geeks, jazz drummers, botany professors, car mechanics—leaving their jobs and their families. They put on uniforms that are invariably too tight or too baggy, sign out their gear and guns. Then, scrambling onto military vehicles, 70,000 reservists—women and men—join the young conscripts of what is proportionally the world's largest citizen army. They all know that some of them will return maimed or not at all. And yet, without hesitation or (for the most part) complaint, proudly responding to the call-up, Israelis stand ready to defend their nation. They risk their lives for an idea. The idea is Zionism. It is the belief that the Jewish people should have their own sovereign state in the Land of Israel. Though founded less than 150 years ago, the Zionist movement sprung from a 4,000-year-long bond between the Jewish people and its historic homeland, an attachment sustained throughout 20 centuries of exile. This is why Zionism achieved its goals and remains relevant and rigorous today. It is why citizens of Israel—the state that Zionism created—willingly take up arms. They believe their idea is worth fighting for. Yet Zionism, arguably more than any other contemporary ideology, is demonized.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Management Socialism Compared to Social Market Economy in Transition: Are There Convergent Paths?
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Mulaj, Isa Working Paper Self-management socialism compared to social market economy in transition: Are there convergent paths? Ordnungspolitische Diskurse, No. 2009-08 Provided in Cooperation with: OrdnungsPolitisches Portal (OPO) Suggested Citation: Mulaj, Isa (2009) : Self-management socialism compared to social market economy in transition: Are there convergent paths?, Ordnungspolitische Diskurse, No. 2009-08, OrdnungsPolitisches Portal (OPO), s.l. This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55408 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content
    [Show full text]
  • Ponavljanje Za 3. Ispit U 7. R
    ''Najvažnije stvari na svijetu postigli su ljudi koji su se OŠ Vladimira Nazora, Vinkovci nastavili truditi kad se činilo da više nema nade.'' Dale Carnegie PONAVLJANJE O HRVATSKOJ U DRUGOJ POLOVICI XIX. I PRVOJ POLOVICI XX. ST. 1. Hrvatski ban u razdoblju neoapsolutizma bio je: 8. Kako se zvao ministar unutrašnjih poslova prema a) Karoly Khuen – Hedervary kojem se neoapsolutizam često naziva: b) Josip Jelačić a) Franjo Josip Habsburg c) Josip Šokčević b) Alexander Bach d) Ladislav Pejačević c) Karoly Khuen - Hedervary d) Levin Rauch 2. Hrvatski ban u razdoblju 1873. – 1880. bio je: a) Karoly Khuen – Hedervary 9. Na čemu se neoapsolutizam nije temeljio: b) Josip Jelačić a) upravnom (činovničkom) aparatu c) Josip Šokčević b) redarstvu (policiji) d) Ivan Mažuranić c) slobodi govora d) vojsci 3. Nadimak tog bana bio je: a) ''ban pučanin'' 10. Zaokruži ono što je obilježje apsolutizma. b) ''filozof na prijestolju'' a) uveden je ustavni poredak c) ''prvi sluga države'' b) često su se sastajali parlamenti d) ''ban reformator'' c) mnoge su novine zabranjene d) to je razdoblje velikih političkih sloboda 4. Tijekom banovanja navedenog bana u Hrvatskoj je uvedeno obvezno školovanje koje je trajalo: 11. Veće političke slobode i sazivanje zemaljskih sabora a) 2 godine car Franjo Josip I. obećao je: b) 4 godine a) Rujanskom diplomom c) 6 godina b) Listopadskom diplomom d) 8 godina c) Studenskom diplomom d) Prosinačkom diplomom 5. Vrhovni nadzor nad školama oduzet je: a) pravnicima 12. Tijekom neoapsolutizma ukinute su županije, a b) sveučilištu umjesto njih u upravi su uvedena: c) akademiji a) gradska područja d) crkvi b) općine c) okružja 6.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of the Futenma Base Issue in Okinawa: Relocation Negotiations in 1995-1997, 2005-2006
    Asia-Pacific Policy Papers Series THE POLITICS OF THE FUTENMA BASE ISSUE IN OKINAWA: RELOCATION NEGOTIATIONS IN 1995-1997, 2005-2006 By William L. Brooks Johns Hopkins University The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies tel. 202-663-5812 email: [email protected] The Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies Established in 1984, with the explicit support of the Reischauer family, the Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) actively supports the research and study of trans-Pacific and intra-Asian relations to advance mutual understanding between North-east Asia and the United States. The first Japanese-born and Japanese-speaking US Ambassador to Japan, Edwin O. Reischauer (serv. 1961–66) later served as the center’s Honorary Chair from its founding until 1990. His wife Haru Matsukata Reischauer followed as Honorary Chair from 1991 to 1998. They both exemplified the deep commitment that the Reischauer Center aspires to perpetuate in its scholarly and cultural activities today. Asia-Pacific Policy Papers Series THE POLITICS OF THE FUTENMA BASE ISSUE IN OKINAWA: RELOCATION NEGOTIATIONS IN 1995-1997, 2005-2006 By William L. Brooks William L. Brooks William L. Brooks, an adjunct professor for Japan Studies, has 15 years of experience as head at the Embassy Tokyo’s Office of Media Analysis and Translation unit spanning from 1993 until his retirement in September 2009. Dr. Brooks also served as a senior researcher at the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research and provided the Secretary of State and Washington with policy analysis on Japan (1983-1987, 1990-1993).
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 22, Number 20, May 12, 1995
    The book that will unleash a musical revolution- "This Manual is an indispensable contribution to A Manual on the Rudiments of the true history of music and a guide to the inter­ pretation of music, particularly regarding the tone production of singers and string players alike.... I fully endorse this book and congratulate Lyndon LaRouche on his initiative." Tunin and -Norbert Brainin, founder and firstviolinist, g Amadeus Quartet " ...without any doubt an excellent initiative.It is particularly important to raise the question of Re istration tuning in connection with bel canto technique, g since today's high tuning misplaces all register shifts, and makes it very difficult for a singer to have the sound float above the breath.... What is true for the voice, is also true for instruments." BOOK I: -CarloBergonzi Introduction and Human Singing Voice From Tiananmen Square to Berlin, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was chosen as the "theme song" of the revolution for human dignity, because Beethoven's work is the highest expression of Classical beauty. Now, for the first time, a Schiller Institute team of musicians and scientists, headed by statesman and philosopher Lyndon H. LaRouche, J r., presents a manual to teach the uni­ versal principles which underlie the creation of great works of Classical musical art. Book I focuses on the principles of natural beauty $30 plus $4.50 shipping and handling which any work of art must satisfy in order to be Foreign postage: beautiful. First and foremost is the bel canto vocal­ Canada: $7.00; for each additional book add $1.50 Mexico: $10.00; for each additional book add $3.00 ization of polyphony, sung at the "natural" or South America: $11.75; for each additional book add $5.00 "scientific" tuning which sets middle C at approxi­ Australia & New Zealand: $12.00; for each additional book add $4.00 Other countries: $10.50; for each additional book add $4.50 mately 256 cycles per second.
    [Show full text]