FREE OTTOMAN ROSES NOTEBOOK PDF Cath Kidston | 106 pages | 29 Mar 2007 | CHRONICLE BOOKS | 9780811857642 | English | California, United States Rose's notebook | Miraculous Ladybug Wiki | Fandom The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest superpowers and longest-lived dynasties in world history. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire was not only a dominant military force, but a diverse and multicultural society. The glory wouldn't last, however, and after centuries of political crises, the Ottoman Empire was finally dismantled after World War I. Osman Gazi is known as the father of the Ottoman dynasty, the first in a long line of military leaders and sultans who came to rule the Ottoman Empire for six centuries. In fact, the word Ottoman in English derives from the Italian pronunciation of Osman's name. He led one of many small Islamic principalities in the region at the time, but Osman wasn't satisfied with a provincial kingdom. He raised an Ottoman Roses Notebook of fierce frontier warriors known as Ghazis and marched against Byzantine strongholds in Asia Minor. According to Ottoman loreOsman had a dream in which all the known world was unified under Ottoman rule, symbolized Ottoman Roses Notebook the canopy of a massive tree rising from his body and covering the world. This vision, first published years after Osman's death, provided divine authority for the Ottoman conquests to come, explained historian Caroline Finkel in " Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire. Although its population had dwindled, the fabled city still had its impenetrable walls. But the Ottoman Roses Notebook came prepared with a new type of weaponry: cannons. Mehmed bombarded the fortified city walls for weeks before his army broke through, making Constantinople later Istanbul the new Ottoman capital, which it would remain for over four centuries. Ottoman Roses Notebook unseating the Byzantine Empire, Sultan Mehmed could claim his place in the Roman imperial tradition. It's at this moment, historians believe, that the Ottoman Empire was born. The Ottomans and most of their functionaries were Muslim, but the sultans and the ruling elite were strategic and pragmatic about the role of religion in their ever-expanding empire. For conquests of predominantly Muslim regions like Egypt, the Ottomans established themselves as the true caliphate without completely erasing their Muslim subjects' existing political structure. Non-Muslim communities throughout the Mediterranean governed much of their own affairs under the Ottomans, Ottoman Roses Notebook Christians and Jews were considered "protected people" in the Islamic political tradition. Gratien says that the Ottomans were able to successfully govern and maintain such an extensive land empire not only through military might but "a combination of cooption and compromise. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire reached its territorial and political apex under the year rule of Suleiman I, better known as Suleiman the Magnificent, who was intent on making his Mediterranean kingdom a European Ottoman Roses Notebook. Militarily, this was the "period of peak Ottoman dominance," says Gratien. Suleiman Ottoman Roses Notebook an elite professional fighting force known as the Janissaries. The fighters were taken by force from Christian families as youth, educated and trained as soldiers and made Ottoman Roses Notebook convert to Islam. Fearless in battle, the Ottoman Roses Notebook were also accompanied by some Ottoman Roses Notebook the world's first military bands. Suleiman's reign also coincided with a period of great wealth for the Ottoman Empire, which controlled some of the most productive agricultural land Egypt and most trafficked trade routes in Europe and the Mediterranean. But Gratien says that the Age of Suleiman was about more than just power and money; it was also about justice. In Turkish, Suleiman's nickname was Kanuni — "the lawgiver" — and he sought to project the image of a just ruler in the Islamic tradition. In larger towns across the empire, citizens could Ottoman Roses Notebook their disputes to local Islamic courts, the records of which are still around today. Not just Muslims, but Christians and Jews. And not just men, but women. A fascinating and somewhat overlooked figure in Ottoman history is Roxelana, the wife of Suleiman the Magnificent. Roxelana was a non-Muslim kidnapped by slavers at 13 and eventually sold into the sultan's harem. According to Ottoman royal tradition, the sultan would stop sleeping with a concubine once she bore him a male heir. But Suleiman stuck with Roxelana, who bore him a total of six children and became one of his closest confidantes and political aides — and perhaps most shockingly, his wife. Thanks to Roxelana's example, the imperial harem took on a new role as an influential political body, and generations of Ottoman women ruled alongside their sultan husbands and sons. Inthe Ottomans tried for a second time to conquer Vienna but were repulsed by an unlikely alliance of the Hapsburg Dynasty, the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Not only did the Ottomans fail to capture Vienna, but they ended up losing Hungary and other territory in the ensuing war. The once unbeatable Ottoman fighters suffered loss after loss throughout the 18th and 19th centuries as more Ottoman territories declared independence or were snatched up by neighboring powers like Russia. Ottoman Roses Notebook Gratien says that while the Ottoman Empire shrunk in size, it also centralized its government and become Ottoman Roses Notebook involved in the lives of its citizens. It raised more taxes and opened public schools and hospitals. The economy and population density grew rapidly in the 19th century even as the military suffered painful losses. The Ottoman Empire also became the destination for millions of Muslim immigrants and refugees from former Ottoman lands and neighboring regions. The Young Turks wanted to restore the constitution, limit Ottoman Roses Notebook monarchy and reestablish the greatness of the empire. Their victory in the revolution was widely celebrated as a win for liberty, equalityand Ottoman brotherhood. But the revolution quickly soured as factions split and more ardent nationalists consolidated what became increasingly authoritarian rule. Coinciding with this internal turmoil was the First Balkan War inin which the Ottomans lost their remaining European territory in Albania and Macedonia. And as World War I approached, the militarily weakened Ottomans threw their fate in with Germany, Ottoman Roses Notebook they hoped would protect them from their bitter enemy Russia. With the ultranationalist wing of the Young Turks in charge, the Ottoman government initiated a plan to deport and resettle millions of ethnic Greeks and Armenians, groups whose loyalty to the crumbling empire was in question. Under the cover of "security concerns," the Ottoman government ordered the arrest of notable Armenian politicians and intellectuals on April 24,a day known as Red Sunday. What followed was the forced deportation of more than a million Armenian citizens, including death marches across the desert to Syria and alleged massacres by soldiers, irregulars, and other armed groups in the region. In all, an estimated 1. Most scholars and historians agree that what happened to the Ottoman Armenians constitutes ethnic Ottoman Roses Notebook and genocide, but Turkey and a number of Ottoman Roses Notebook allies still refuse to call it by that name. Try a free puzzle of this image! A map of the Ottoman Roses Notebook Empire showing its expansion from to Members of the local Armenian community in Berlin demonstrate for Turkey's recognition of the Armenian Genocide on its th anniversary on April 25, Turkey vehemently objects to the use of the term 'genocide' in reference to the deaths of the estimated 1. You can thank the Ottoman Empire for popularizing both coffee and coffeehouses way back in the 16th century. Related Content " ". What Caused the Rise – and Fall – of the Ottoman Empire? | HowStuffWorks Ottoman greeting cards, postcards, journals, notebooks and bullet journals that are high quality, original, and made from actual, real-life paper. Sell your art. Ottoman Stationery 2, Results. 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