DOCSLIB.ORG

Application of PGPR and Antagonist Fungi-Based Biofungicide for White

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Application of PGPR and Antagonist Fungi-Based Biofungicide for White 266 AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science. 2017. 39(3): 266-278 Application of PGPR and Antagonist Fungi-based Biofungicide for White Rust Disease Control and Its Economyc Analysis in Chrysanthemum Production Hanudin*), Kurniawan Budiarto and Budi Marwoto Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI) Jl. Raya Pacet-Ciherang, PO Box. 8 SDL, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: November 18, 2016 /Accepted: May 31, 2017 ABSTRACT flowers (Market News Service, 2012), second only to Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) roses. Netherlands, Italy, Columbia, Spain, Germany and USA are the main producers which supply more application in combination with other antagonist than 60 % of the world trade for chrysanthemums. microbes as biopesticide have been considered In Indonesia, chrysanthemum has replaced roses in many crops. Our research was conducted to as the most marketed cut flowers since 2006. The evaluate the efficacy of these useful combinations with the carrying agent for growth promotion, thus demand for flowers has increased significantly in line with the increase of production in the country lowering white rust incidence in chrysanthemum in the last decade from 108 million stems in 2009 production. The experiment was carried out at to 387 million stems in 2013. The increase was to three cooperative farmer sites located in Cipanas, the increment of productivity from 9.92 % to 42.64 Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia from January to % respectively, thereby gave higher contribution to December 2016. The production process was arranged in a paired treatment; a combination of the export values of the total exported floriculture products from 8.0 % to 23.3 % in 2012 (Indonesian PGPR and antagonist fungi (without supplemental Ministry of Agriculture, 2014). chemical fertilizers and fungicide), furtherly called The efforts to make chrysanthemum biofungicide and common farmer practices. The results showed that the application of biofungicide production become more efficient and profitable, however, are still constrained by several factors, promoted equal plant growth quality as common one of them is a disease called white rust. The practices. White rust incidency was lower at disease was caused by P. Henn, biofungicide treatment sites, thus increased the Puccinia horiana an obligate parasitic fungus (Basidiomycetes) and markertable flowers quantity. The production costin many chrysanthemums in many countries, is was considered more efficient in biofungicideknown to be the most disastrous problem. The sites, due to cheaper price of biofungicide than fungus infects 12 species including chrysanthemum, chemical fertilizers and fungicide. The increase Nipponanthemum and Leucanthemella (Alaei et al., of marketable stalks and cost efficiency led2009). to attacks the plant by enzymatic an increase of net income of biofungicide based P. horiana digestion to penetrate the leaf cuticle. The fungus production as also viewed from higher Revenue then colonizes both inter- and intracellularly Cost Ratio (R/C) than common farmer practices. the mesophyll tissue (Bonde et al., 2015). The Keywords: biological agent; Chrysanthemum (Den- production lost due to the fungus may reach 80 drathema grandiflora); cost efficiency; % in India, during the outbreak seasons (Dheepa, disease control; Puccinia horiana Renukadevi, Kumar, & Nakkeeran, 2015). According to Yusuf, Budiarto, Djatnika, & Suhardi (2017), so far there is no synthetic fungicide INTRODUCTION that is formally recommended to control white rust. Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora Since the physical quality is very important, the Tzvelev syn. Chrysanthemum morifolium [Ramat.] growers then tend to use various kinds of fungicide Kitam) in form of cut flower and potted plants iswith unapropriate dosages expecting the reduction one of the top marketed ornamentals in the world. of damages. These practices might spend 13 – 32 In international trade, the commodity ranked first or % of the total production cost (Suhardi, 2009) and about 35 % of the world’s market request for cut can make the business uncompetitive. Cite this as: Hanudin, Budiarto, K., & Marwoto, B. (2017). Application of PGPR and antagonist fungi-based biofungicide for white rust disease control and its economyc analysis in chrysanthemum production. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 39(3), 266–278. http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v39i3.1326 Accredited: SK No. 60/E/KPT/2016 267 Hanudin et al.: Application of PGPR on Chrysanthemum Production .............................................................................. The use PGPR to substitute chemical The combination of PGPR and antagonist fungi fertilizers, pesticides and supplements in plant would be mixed with their carrying substances and production has been reported to have better furtherly called as biofungicide. Before procceding impact on growth, yield and disease control in to commercialization, the biopesticide should be some plants (Joko et al., 2012). The direct effects tested for their effectiveness, applicability and of PGPR on plant growth are through supplying efficiency in technical and economic perspectives. certain compounds produced by the bacterium that The experiment was conducted to evaluate the is needed by the plant, like phytohormones. The biofungicide in chrysanthemum production. These bacterium also promotes the absorption of certain expected that the biofungicide would increase the nutrient/element from the environment (Ahemad & quality of plant growth and marketable flowers as a Kibret, 2014). The indirect effects of PGPR on plant result of lesser disease attacks and better nutrition growth include the defend mechanism against one or supply compared to chemical fertilizers. more phytopathogenic organisms. The mechanism MATERIALS AND METHODS is through producing antagonistic substances and/or by inducing resistance againts pathogens (Beneduzi, The research was conducted from January Ambrosini, & Passaglia, 2012). A particular PGPR to December 2016 covering laboratory and green may stimulate the regulation of plant growth and house studies for isolates preparation at the development by using any one, or more, of these Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute mechanisms. As biocontrol agents, the bacterium (IOCRI) and the field work under plastic house may act through various mechanisms, regardless conditions at the cooperative grower sites. of their effect on the promotion of plant growth, Preparation of PGPR and Antagonist Fungi like auxin production (Miransari & Smith, 2014), Propagules ethylene levels decrement (Liu & Zhang, 2015) or Several PGPR, namely Azotobacter nitrogen fixation in association with roots (Reed, chroococcum (Ac), Bacillus substilis(Bs) and Cleveland, & Townsend, 2011). It is about only 1 to 2 Pseudomonas flourescens (Pf) served as the active % of bacteria promote plant growth originated from ingredient of the formulation. The pure isolates the rhizosphere (Beneduzi, Ambrosini, & Passaglia, of these bacteria collected from the laboratory of 2012). Bacteria from wide range of genera have bacteriology and mycology, IOCRI. Ac was cultured been identified as PGPR, of whichBacillus sp. and using Asby medium, which was in per litre medium Pseudomonas spp. are predominant (Raaijmakers, solidified with 20 g agar composed of 5 g glucose, de Bruijn, Nybroe, & Ongena, 2010). 0.25 g K2HPO4, 0.1 g MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1 g NaCl, 2.5 Certain strains of Bacillus . spand g CaCO3, 0.1 g CaSO4, 0.001 g Na2MoO4. Bs were Pseudomonas flourescens have been proven to grown under Pikovkaya medium, consisting 10 g be effective in suppressing leaf soft rot caused by glucose, 5 g Ca3(PO4)3OH, 0.2 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, P. viridiflava in Phalaenopsis (Nuryani et al. 2012), 0.1 MgSO4.7H2O, 0.0025 g MnSO4.H2O; 0.0021 g white rust (Puccinia horiana) in chrysanthemum FeSO4.7H2O, 0.5 g yeast extract and 0.5 g (NH4)2SO4. (Hanudin et al. 2010), cucumber mosaic virus While Pf was grown on King’s B medium, containing (CMV) in pepper (G. H. Lee & Ryu, 2016). Another 20 g proteose peptone no. 3, 10 g glycerol, 1.5 g genera, free living diazothrops sp. and Azotobacter K2HPO4, 1.5 g MgSO4.7H2O and 0.01 M FeCl3. The Azospirillum sp. have been known to have capacity in cultured were then incubated under the temperature non symbiotic fixation of nitrogen. While Aspergillus of 30 ± 2 0C for 24 h. sp., Bacillus megatherium and Penicillium sp. were Each isolate was taken for about three able to solubilize phosporus (P) and pottasium (K) bacterial loops and diluted in 10 ml sterile water (Karakurt & Aslantas, 2010). and homogenized until it reached the density of These useful bacteria have been combined 1012 cfu ml-1. One ml isolate suspension was put with antagonist fungi in a formulation to widen their into an elenmeyer containing 500 ml nutrient broth beneficiaries as biopesticides and biofertilizers. The (NB) medium. The flask was then shaken in 300C formulation was expected to have better impact not waterbath at 3 rpm for 24 h. The bacterial cells were only in preventing the plant from disastrous diseases then suspended in the culture medium with the and also reducing the chemical fertilizers as well. concentration of 1 %. 268 Hanudin et al.: Application of PGPR on Chrysanthemum Production .............................................................................. The antagonist fungi i.e. Trichoderma sp. and ml. The suspension was then, homogenously mixed Paecilomyces sp. were included as the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Exotic Pests of Concern for Ornamental Plants Introduction
    Exotic Pests of Concern for Ornamental Plants Introduction • Exotic Arthropod Pests • Exotic Diseases – Red palm weevil – Red ring disease of – Daylily leaf miner palms – Japanese maple scale – Boxwood blight – Passionvine mealybug – Impatiens downy mildew – Red palm mites – Chrysanthemum white – Tremex wood wasp rust – Sirex wood wasp – Texas Phoenix palm decline – Brown marmorated stink bug – Bleeding canker of horse chestnut – European pepper moth Exotic Arthropods Has been found and Red Palm Weevil eradicated • Rhynchophorus ferrugineus – Distribution • Native to Asia, spread to Middle East, Portugal, Spain • First detected in US in California in 2010 – Hosts • Palms, American Agave, sugarcane • Attracted to wounded plants Image Credit: John Kabashima, University of California Bugwood.org, #5444382 Has been found and Red Palm Weevil eradicated Image Credit: Top Left: Mike Lewis, Center for Invasive Species Research, Bugwood.org, # 5430201 Bottom Left: Amy Roda, USDA-APHIS Right: Christina Hoddle, University of California, Bugwood.org, # 5430200 Has been found and Red Palm Weevil eradicated Image Credit; Amy Roda, USDA-APHIS Has been found and Red Palm Weevil eradicated Image Credit; Amy Roda, USDA-APHIS). Has been found and Red Palm Weevil eradicated • Management – Monitoring – Cultural • Sanitation • Sealants • Groundcover Monitoring bucket. – Chemical* Image Credit; Amy Roda, USDA-APHIS). • Carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, endosulfan, fipronil, imidacloprid, malathion, acephate, azinphos-methyl, methidathion, demethoate, trichlorfon *Be sure to check with your local county agent to find out which chemicals are certified for use in your state, on what crop it is allowed to be used, if it is allowed to be used post-harvest or pre-harvest, and if it should be applied by a licensed applicator.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status of Research on Rust Fungi (Pucciniales) in India
    Asian Journal of Mycology 4(1): 40–80 (2021) ISSN 2651-1339 www.asianjournalofmycology.org Article Doi 10.5943/ajom/4/1/5 Current status of research on Rust fungi (Pucciniales) in India Gautam AK1, Avasthi S2, Verma RK3, Devadatha B 4, Sushma5, Ranadive KR 6, Bhadauria R2, Prasher IB7 and Kashyap PL8 1School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India 2School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India 3Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 4 Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India 5Department of Biosciences, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Punjab, India 6Department of Botany, P.D.E.A.’s Annasaheb Magar Mahavidyalaya, Mahadevnagar, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, India 7Department of Botany, Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Panjab University Chandigarh, India 8ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, India Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Verma RK, Devadatha B, Sushma, Ranadive KR, Bhadauria R, Prasher IB, Kashyap PL 2021 – Current status of research on Rust fungi (Pucciniales) in India. Asian Journal of Mycology 4(1), 40–80, Doi 10.5943/ajom/4/1/5 Abstract Rust fungi show unique systematic characteristics among all fungal groups. A single species of rust fungi may produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures thereby attracting the interest of mycologist for centuries. In India, the research on rust fungi started with the arrival of foreign visiting scientists or emigrant experts, mainly from Britain who collected fungi and sent specimens to European laboratories for identification. Later on, a number of mycologists from India and abroad studied Indian rust fungi and contributed a lot to knowledge of the rusts to the Indian Mycobiota.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers
    R. Kenneth Horst Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers R. Kenneth Horst Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers R. Kenneth Horst Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY , USA ISBN 978-94-007-6048-6 ISBN 978-94-007-6049-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6049-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013935122 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of Plant Pathology
    European Journal of Plant Pathology Molecular identification and pathogenicity assessment of a rust fungus infecting common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in its native North American range --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: EJPP-D-15-00300R1 Full Title: Molecular identification and pathogenicity assessment of a rust fungus infecting common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in its native North American range Article Type: Original Article Keywords: allergenic weed; classical biological control; fungal species concept; Pucciniaceae; Pucciniomycetes; invasive alien species Corresponding Author: Levente Kiss, PhD, DSc Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, HUNGARY Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Edit Kassai-Jáger, PhD First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Edit Kassai-Jáger, PhD Marion K. Seier, PhD Harry C. Evans, PhD Levente Kiss, PhD, DSc Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: EU COST Action Marion K. Seier (FA1203, SMARTER) Dr Levente Kiss Abstract: A rust fungus collected from common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Texas, USA, was identified as belonging to the Puccinia xanthii morphospecies based on its nrDNA ITS sequence. Pathogenicity studies carried out with this rust accession under quarantine conditions in the UK showed that the fungus was highly virulent on A. artemisiifolia plants from Australia. Recently, P. xanthii has been proposed as a potential classical biological control agent (CBCA) for common ragweed in its invasive range, focusing on Europe, despite previous doubts about its biocontrol potential. The results of the pathogenicity tests reported here support the suitability of this pathogen as a CBCA for common ragweed.
    [Show full text]
  • Titel Vorname Name
    Online data base of plant protection products Explanations and dictionary Currently the online data base is available in German language only. Therefore explanations and translations are provided on these pages. Standard search The "Standard search" contains all criteria in one form. Trade name Author. no. Active substance Home and garden / all Field of use Alle All Ackerbau Agricultural crops Baumschulen Nurseries Forst Forestry Gemüsebau Vegetable growing Grünland Grassland Hopfenbau Hop growing Nichtkulturland Non cultivated areas Obstbau Fruit growing Crop Pest Search Clear Vorratsschutz Protection of stored products (see table 1) (see table 2) Weinbau Viticulture Zierpflanzenbau Ornamental growing Function Alle All Akarizid Acaricide ... ... Keimhemmungsmittel Sprout inhibitor Leime, Wachse Glue, sealing wax Wachstumsregler Plant growth regulator 2 Stepwise search The "Stepwise search" will prompt the criteria in a defined sequence. The form starts with an entry line for the field of use. It is then a choice either to show the results or to continue with entering more criteria. Next is function, then crop, and finally pest. Field of use Alle All Ackerbau Agricultural crops Baumschulen Nurseries Forst Forestry Gemüsebau Vegetable growing Grünland Grassland Hopfenbau Hop growing Nichtkulturland Non cultivated areas Obstbau Fruit growing Vorratsschutz Protection of stored products Weinbau Viticulture Zierpflanzenbau Ornamental growing Show results Continue Search functions If several criteria are selected then they are logically combined with AND. That means: The result contains products which fulfil all criteria. The addition of more criteria will narrow the result. Hierarchical organisation of crops Plant protection products may be authorised for certain crop species, or a list of several crop species, or for crop groups (sometimes with exceptions).
    [Show full text]
  • EPPO Reporting Service
    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND ET MEDITERRANEENNE MEDITERRANEAN POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 8 PARIS, 2017-08 General 2017/145 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2017/146 Quarantine list of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 2017/147 EPPO communication kits: new templates for pest-specific posters and leaflets Pests 2017/148 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus does not occur in Australia 2017/149 Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): added again to the EPPO Alert List Diseases 2017/150 First report of Puccinia hemerocallidis in Portugal 2017/151 First report of Pantoea stewartii in Malaysia 2017/152 Citrus leprosis disease is associated with several viruses 2017/153 Brevipalpus phoenicis, vector of citrus leprosis, is a species complex Invasive plants 2017/154 The suppressive potential of some grass species on the growth and development of Ambrosia artemisiifolia 2017/155 Bidens subalternans in the EPPO region: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2017/156 Abiotic constraints and biotic resistance control the establishment success of Humulus scandens 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2017 no. 8 - General 2017/145 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included (or formerly included) on the EPPO Alert List, and indicated in bold the situation of the pest concerned using the terms of ISPM no.
    [Show full text]
  • Puccinia Horiana
    EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Puccinia horiana IDENTITY Name: Puccinia horiana P. Hennings Taxonomic position: Fungi: Basidiomycetes: Uredinales Common names: White rust (English) Rouille blanche (French) Weisser Chrysanthemenrost (German) Roya blanca (Spanish) Bayer computer code: PUCCHN EPPO A2 list: No. 80 EU Annex designation: II/A2 HOSTS Chrysanthemums are the only host, especially the florists' cultivars, widely cultivated in glasshouses in the EPPO region. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION P. horiana originates in Japan and has spread to other Far Eastern countries, to South Africa, and from there to Europe. EPPO region: Widespread in France (Grouet & Allaire, 1973); since about 1964, locally established in Austria, Belgium, Denmark (Jorgensen, 1964), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Matta & Gullino, 1974), Netherlands (Boerema & Vermeulen, 1964), Norway (Gjaerum, 1965; but declared eradicated in 1988), Poland (Zamorski, 1982; unconfirmed), Russia (Far East), Sweden (Akesson, 1983), Switzerland, Tunisia, UK (accepted as established in Great Britain since 1988 and in Northern Ireland since 1990), Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Dordevic, 1983). Reported but not established in Cyprus (1987, eradicated), Finland, Hungary (1989), Ireland (1977) and Luxembourg. Found in the past but eradicated in the Czech Republic. Asia: Brunei Darussalam, China, Cyprus (reported but not established), Hong Kong, Japan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Russia (Far East). Africa: South Africa, Tunisia. North America: Mexico, USA (outbreak in New Jersey and Pennsylvania in late 1970s; outbreaks in Oregon and Washington in 1990, declared eradicated; outbreak in California in 1991; under eradication since 1994). South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Venezuela.
    [Show full text]
  • Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi: GOPHY 1
    Accepted Manuscript Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1 Y. Marin-Felix, J.Z. Groenewald, L. Cai, Q. Chen, S. Marincowitz, I. Barnes, K. Bensch, U. Braun, E. Camporesi, U. Damm, Z.W. de Beer, A. Dissanayake, J. Edwards, A. Giraldo, M. Hernández-Restrepo, K.D. Hyde, R.S. Jayawardena, L. Lombard, J. Luangsa-ard, A.R. McTaggart, A.Y. Rossman, M. Sandoval-Denis, M. Shen, R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan, E.J. van der Linde, M.J. Wingfield, A.R. Wood, J.Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, P.W. Crous PII: S0166-0616(17)30020-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002 Reference: SIMYCO 47 To appear in: Studies in Mycology Please cite this article as: Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Chen Q, Marincowitz S, Barnes I, Bensch K, Braun U, Camporesi E, Damm U, de Beer ZW, Dissanayake A, Edwards J, Giraldo A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hyde KD, Jayawardena RS, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, McTaggart AR, Rossman AY, Sandoval-Denis M, Shen M, Shivas RG, Tan YP, van der Linde EJ, Wingfield MJ, Wood AR, Zhang JQ, Zhang Y, Crous PW, Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1, Studies in Mycology (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology of Puccinia Horiana Henn., the Causal Agent Of
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(2): 1995-1998 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(2): 1995-1998 Morphology of Puccinia horiana Henn., the causal Received: 09-01-2019 Accepted: 12-02-2019 agent of chrysanthemum white rust occurred in West Bengal Goutam Mondal Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, Goutam Mondal and Siddharth Singh West Bengal, India Abstract Siddharth Singh Chrysanthemum is one of the most important flower crops in India. The chrysanthemum white rust Department of Plant Pathology, (CWR) disease caused by Puccinia horiana (Henn.) was observed on chrysanthemum (cv. Meri Gold) in Bidhan Chandra Krishi West Bengal for the first time. Initial symptoms was appeared light green to yellow, slightly raised spots Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India mostly on the lower surface of leaves, which later, turned into pinkish brown to dark brown necrotic lesion surrounded with light green to yellow hallo. The fungus produced only two spore stages, teliospores and basidiospores. Studies under the microscopes revealed that the telial pustules were found mostly on the lower side of the leaves. The teliospores were thin walled, bicelled, pedicellate, pale yellow, oblong to oblong-clavate. The average size of teliospores was 47.85μm X 13.48μm. The teliospores could germinate frequently into a promycelium in situ, from the apical telial cell and were tubular, mostly segmented, club shaped. The basidiospores were oval in shape. Keywords: Chrysanthemum white rust (CWR), Puccinia horiana, teliospores Introduction Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sinensis L.) is one of the oldest flower crop grown in the world. It is known as “Queen of East” in European countries.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report on Molecular Characterization of Indian Canna
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2020; 9(4): 3493-3496 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com First report on molecular characterization of Indian JPP 2020; 9(4): 3493-3496 Received: 28-05-2020 canna rust caused by Puccinia cannacearum Accepted: 30-06-2020 B Anjaneya Reddy B Anjaneya Reddy and R Munilakshmi Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i4aj.12176 Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Abstract R Munilakshmi Canna (Canna indica L.) a popular landscape ornamental and hardy plant prone to be affected by few Department of Plant Pathology, fungal and viral diseases. However, in Karnataka the rust disease of canna caused by Puccinia College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India cannacearum is noticed earliest at College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, Karnataka during the year 2016- 17 and this is first attempt to characterize this rust pathogen from India. Symptoms of canna rust include: Initially, numerous orange-yellowish rusty spots on the lower surface of the leaves and on leaf sheath which turns brown and later covers the entire leaf area with coalescing pustules, eventually leads to premature senescence and severely infected leaves wither away. Microscopic examination of these rust pustules revealed the presence of golden pale yellow colored egg to pear-shaped uredospore (28-55 x 20- 35 m) with bristly walls and cylindrical to club-shaped teliospores (50-83 x 14-21 m). Further, the pathogen was amplified and confirmed using ITS-rDNA primers with an amplicon size of 700 bp and phylogenetic analysis of the data revealed that the Indian isolate used under the study was found to be matched with China isolate (Accession no.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Progress in Enhancing Fungal Disease Resistance in Ornamental Plants
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Recent Progress in Enhancing Fungal Disease Resistance in Ornamental Plants Manjulatha Mekapogu 1, Jae-A Jung 1,* , Oh-Keun Kwon 1, Myung-Suk Ahn 1, Hyun-Young Song 1 and Seonghoe Jang 2,* 1 Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (O.-K.K.); [email protected] (M.-S.A.); [email protected] (H.-Y.S.) 2 World Vegetable Center Korea Office (WKO), Wanju 55365, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.-A.J.); [email protected] (S.J.) Abstract: Fungal diseases pose a major threat to ornamental plants, with an increasing percentage of pathogen-driven host losses. In ornamental plants, management of the majority of fungal diseases primarily depends upon chemical control methods that are often non-specific. Host basal resistance, which is deficient in many ornamental plants, plays a key role in combating diseases. Despite their economic importance, conventional and molecular breeding approaches in ornamental plants to facilitate disease resistance are lagging, and this is predominantly due to their complex genomes, limited availability of gene pools, and degree of heterozygosity. Although genetic engineering in ornamental plants offers feasible methods to overcome the intrinsic barriers of classical breeding, achievements have mainly been reported only in regard to the modification of floral attributes in ornamentals. The unavailability of transformation protocols and candidate gene resources for several ornamental crops presents an obstacle for tackling the functional studies on disease resistance. Re- cently, multiomics technologies, in combination with genome editing tools, have provided shortcuts Citation: Mekapogu, M.; Jung, J.-A.; to examine the molecular and genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying fungal disease resistance, Kwon, O.-K.; Ahn, M.-S.; Song, H.-Y.; Jang, S.
    [Show full text]
  • GENERALIDADES DE LOS UREDINALES (Fungi: Basidiomycota) Y DE SUS RELACIONES FILOGENÉTICAS
    Acta biol. Colomb., Vol. 14 No. 1, 2008 41 - 56 GENERALIDADES DE LOS UREDINALES (Fungi: Basidiomycota) Y DE SUS RELACIONES FILOGENÉTICAS Fundamentals Of Rust Fungi (Fungi: Basidiomycota) And Their Phylogentic Relationships CATALINA MARÍA ZULUAGA1, M.Sc.; PABLO BURITICÁ CÉSPEDES2, Ph. D.; MAURICIO MARÍN-MONTOYA3*, Ph. D. 1Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Colombia. [email protected] 2Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Colombia. [email protected] 3Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Colombia. [email protected] *Correspondencia: Mauricio Marín Montoya, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín. A.A. 3840. Fax: (4) 4309332. [email protected] Presentado 31 de mayo de 2008, aceptado 15 de agosto de 2008, correcciones 15 de septiembre de 2008. RESUMEN Los hongos-roya (Uredinales, Basidiomycetes) representan uno de los grupos de microor- ganismos fitoparásitos más diversos y con mayor importancia económica mundial en la producción agrícola y forestal. Se caracterizan por ser patógenos obligados y por presentar una estrecha coevolución con sus hospedantes vegetales. Su taxonomía se ha basado fundamentalmente en el estudio de caracteres morfológicos, resultando en muchos casos en la formación de taxones polifiléticos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han tratado de incorporar herramientas moleculares que conduzcan a la generación de sistemas de clasificación basados en afinidades evolutivas. En esta revisión se ofrece una mirada general a las características de los uredinales, enfatizando en el surgimiento reciente de estudios filogenéticos que plantean la necesidad de establecer una profunda revisión de la taxonomía de este grupo.
    [Show full text]