DOCSLIB.ORG

P. Johann Grueber S. J.* Hofastronom Und Mathematiker an Der Sternwarte Zu Peking Nach Neuesten Forschungen Stammt Aufzeichnungen, Ist Leider Nicht Auf- Phen P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
P. Johann Grueber S. J.* Hofastronom Und Mathematiker an Der Sternwarte Zu Peking Nach Neuesten Forschungen Stammt Aufzeichnungen, Ist Leider Nicht Auf- Phen P ©Naturkundliche Station der Stadt Linz,Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at nicht Griechisch konnte, bemühte er Neustain und Johann Strobelberger den Atlantischen Ozean mit sich und sich, das ganze Weltgebäude des sowie der Staatsmann Christoph Amerigo Vespucci bestimmte mit ihrer Ptolemäus auf seine Art zu verstehen Forstner aus Pürnstein bei Neufelden, Hilfe die Orinokomündung. und hatte schon sechs Bände der Ab- der als Kanzler zu Mümpelgaard 1667 Am 30. Mai 1423 in der dritten kürzungen des Almagests geschrieben, starb, die besonders erwähnt werden. Stunde nach Mitternacht erblickte als ihn inmitten dieser Arbeit im Alter Das große mathematische Dreigestirn, Georg in Peuerbach, „einem Flecken von 37 Jahren der Tod hinwegraffte. Johannes von Gmunden, Georg von und Schloß im Lande ob der Enns, Noch auf seinem Sterbebett bat er Peuerbach und Regiomontanus, hat sechs Meilen von Linz gegen Bayern seinen Schüler Regiomontanus das durch drei Menschenalter den Ruhm hinliegend", das Licht der Welt. ptolemäische Werk zu vollenden. der deutschen Astronomie bestritten. „Er war ein vortrefflicher Hersteller Regiomontanus hatte die Tafeln des und trefflicher Förderer der Astro- In dem 1755 bei Johann Friedrich Johannes von Gmunden abgeschrie- nomie in Deutschland, auch derselben Jahn in Frankfurt und Leipzig ver- ben, Georg von Peuerbach hatte sie öffentlicher Lehrer an erwähnter Uni- legten Werk des Versuches einer Ge- verbessert und ergänzt, Regiomon- versität zu Wien und ein guter Mecha- schichte der österreichischen Gelehr- tanus legte sie in Druck als astro- nikus. Er starb im Jahre 1461 den ten, herausgegeben von Franz Con- nomische Jahrbücher (Ephemeriden), 8. April und war im St. Stefansdom stantin Florin von Khautz, werden die der Bestimmung des Standes des beigesetzt" — heißt es in einer alten Georg von Peuerbach im II. Kapitel Mondes, der Sonne und der Planeten Chronik. volle 25 Seiten gewidmet. für jeden Tag des Jahres dienten und Wir Oberösterreicher haben guten Neben den Dichtern Johann Enenkel so als wichtige Hilfsmittel für See- Grund, ihm in unserer Erinnerung als und Ottokar von Horneck sind es fahrer zur geographischen Ortsbe- einem unserer hervorragendsten Ma- vor allem die Mathematiker Johannes stimmung verwendbar waren. thematiker den Platz einzuräumen, von Gmunden, Georg von Peuerbach, Kein Geringerer als Christoph Ko- den er in der Fachwelt längst errun- Erasmus Schreckenfuchs und die Ärzte lumbus führt die Ephemeriden des gen hat. Wolfgang Latz, Alexandrinus von Regiomontanus auf seiner Fahrt über Hans Sperl P. Johann Grueber S. J.* Hofastronom und Mathematiker an der Sternwarte zu Peking Nach neuesten Forschungen stammt Aufzeichnungen, ist leider nicht auf- phen P. Martin Martini, den Ver- Grueber, als dessen Geburtsort immer findbar. fasser des ersten Atlaswerkes von Linz angegeben wird, wahrscheinlich Im Jahr 1656 brachen P. Grueber und China: „Novus Atlas Sinensis." aus dem weiteren Linzer Raum in P. Bernhard Diestel von Rom aus Grueber und Diestel lernten in der Gegend von St. Florian**; seine auf und wanderten über Vorder- Macao die chinesische Sprache, Biographie erscheint demnächst von asien nach Indien, von hier fuhren Grueber legte hier auch seine feier- dem jüngst verstorbenen Staatsbiblio- sie mit einem englischen Schiff nach liche Ordensprofeß ab. Mit der An-, thekar Dr. Bruno Zimmel aus Wien. Macao, wo sie im dortigen Jesuiten- kunft Gruebers in Macao schien — Leider ist der Name Gruebers in kolleg am 16. Februar 1659 an- ein lang ersehnter Wunsch der in wissenschaftlichen Werken und Kon- kamen. Sie trafen hier den berühmten China wirkenden Jesuiten Wirklich- versationslexika kaum zu finden, Südtiroler Geodäten und Kartogra- keit zu werden, nämlich die Erschlie- ganz zu Unrecht, war doch Grueber einer der kühnsten Forschungsreisen- den der Geschichte und wohl der größte Landreisende des 17. Jahr- hunderts. Der Grund dafür, daß Grueber vielfach in Vergessenheit ge- riet, mag wohl darin liegen, daß er seine Reiseberichte nicht selbst ver- öffentlicht hat, sondern sie in münd- licher Form Athanasius Kircher über- mittelte, der sie mit den Zeichnungen Gruebers in seinem berühmten Werk „China illustrata" veröffentlicht hat. — Die Hauptquelle, Gruebers eigene * Dr. Bruno Zimmel: Der 1. Bericht über Tibets Hauptstadt Lhasa aus dem Jahre 1661 - Biblos Wien 1953, Heft 3/4. Dr. Bruno Zimmel: Johann Grueber in China - ebenda 1964, Heft 3. ** Sepp Kaufmann: Zur Frage der Her- kunft P. Johann Gruebers. Sonder- druck aus den „Freinberger Stim- men" - Juli 1969. Potala-Palast in Lhasa, Kupferstich aus „China illustrata" ©Naturkundliche Station der Stadt Linz,Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at ßung des kürzeren Landwegs von Palast des Dalai Lama; diese von von dreimal fünf Bogenminuten hat. Europa nach China. Grueber stammende Zeichnung des Dieses Objekt ist den Astronomen Im Kollegium der Jesuiten in Peking Potala-Palastes war durch zwei Jahr- schon seit über 200 Jahren bekannt wurden die beiden Reisenden von hunderte das einzige im Abendland und bekam die Bezeichnung „Krab- P. Adam Schall empfangen, der be- bekannte Bild von Lhasa, das in zahl- bennebel", auch Krebsnebel genannt. reits seit 1644 Direktor des kaiser- reichen geographischen Werken Auf- Als man die ältesten Fotografien lich astronomischen Amtes und zu- nahme gefunden hat, bis erst 1901 gleich 1. Mandarin war. Das Betreten die erste Fotografie vom Potala- Kapella chinesischen Bodens war damals Palast erschien. — Grueber über- noch allen Europäern verboten, nur schritt dann die Himalaja-Pässe, die Jesuiten durften mit Erlaubnis durchquerte Nepal und kam schließ- des Kaisers das Reich der Mitte be- lich im März 1662 in Agra in Indien treten. P. Schall war ein Freund und an, wo sein Gefährte P. d'Orville den Fuhrmann Ratgeber des damaligen Kaisers schweren Strapazen erlag. Wie stark Shun-chih. Er beschäftigte Grueber muß doch die Gesundheit Gruebers und Diestel ebenfalls als Astronomen gewesen sein, daß er alle Anstren- und Mathematiker an der Sternwarte gungen überstand, während seine von Peking, Grueber betätigte sich beiden Begleiter Diestel und d'Orville außerdem als Hofmaler. Als P. Die- den harten Anforderungen erlagen. stel 1660 plötzlich verstarb, wurde Der dritte Gefährte Gruebers wurde P. d'Orville als Gruebers Begleiter jetzt P. Heinrich Roth. Von Agra aus bestimmt. Nach dem unerwarteten durchquerten sie Indien, Persien und Tod des jungen Kaisers Anfang Fe- Kleinasien, bis sie schließlich am Stier bruar 1661 drängte nun P. Schall auf 20. Februar 1664 wieder Rom er- eine rasche Abreise Gruebers und reichten, von wo einst Grueber vor d'Orvilles. Am 13. April 1661 ver- acht Jahren ausgezogen war. ließen sie Peking, durchzogen die Sein Gedenkstein am Freinberg — „Tatarische Wüste" und erreichten 1935 errichtet — trägt folgende In- am 8. Oktober — also nach etwa schrift: sieben Monaten — die Stadt Lhasa. „Dem Andenken des berühmten Hier blieben sie einen Monat und Linzer Forschungsreisenden und gönnten sich eine Ruhepause. „Was Missionärs P. Johann Grueber S. J., wir auf dieser Reise erduldeten", geb. zu Linz am 28. Okt. 1623; schreibt Grueber in einem Brief, 1659—61 Hofastronom in Peking, „weiß nur der liebe Gott allein". 1661—64 auf Reisen durch China, Grueber benützte den Aufenthalt für Tibet, Indien und Persien; gest. Studien und fertigte viele Zeichnun- 30. Sept. 1680 in SarospataklXJn- gen an,- vor allem auch eine Skizze garn." von dem damals im Bau befindlichen Alfred Zerlik dieses Nebels mit modernen verglich, machte man die überraschende Fest- stellung, daß dieses Gebilde fort- laufend an Ausdehnung wächst. Durch sorgfältige, jahrzehntelange Linzer Beobachtung war es auch möglich, seine jährliche Wachstumsrate zu be- Astronomische stimmen. Wenn man nun den gegen- wärtigen Durchmesser durch die Gemeinschaft Wachstumsrate dividiert, so findet man, daß die leuchtenden Gasmassen vor etwa 900 Jahren von einem Punkt ihren Ausgang genommen haben müssen. Es liegt also der zwin- gende Schluß nahe, daß sich um die Der Krabbennebel Jahrtausendwende im Sternbild des Als der schwedische Gelehrte Lund- des Sterns Tien-Kuang (im Sternbild Stiers eine kosmische Katastrophe mark in den zwanziger Jahren alte Stier) ein großer Stern. Nach etwa ungeheuren Ausmaßes ereignet chinesische Aufzeichnungen nach einem Jahr wurde er allmählich un- haben muß. Die Untersuchung des etwaigen astronomischen Ereignissen sichtbar." Spektrums des Nebels zeigte außer- durchstöberte, stieß er auf eine inter- Wenn man heute die so bezeichnete dem, daß derzeit die Gase mit der essante Stelle, in der es unter ande- Stelle am gestirnten Himmel mit phantastischen Geschwindigkeit von rem hieß: einem Fernrohr beobachtet, erkennt etwa 1200 Kilometern pro Sekunde „Im ersten Jahr der Chihha-Periode, man ein recht seltsames Objekt der nach allen Seiten in den freien Raum am Tag Chi-Chou (das entspricht 9. Größenklasse, ein zerzaustes Ne- rasen. dem 4. Juli 1054 unserer Zeitrech- belfleckchen, ein auseinanderquirlen- Durch die Auffindung des alten nung), erschien einige Zoll südöstlich des Wölkchen, das eine Ausdehnung chinesischen Berichtes unterliegt es 8.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nepal: Country Dossier
    Nepal: Country Dossier January 2019 Open Doors International / World Watch Research Unit För mer information kontakta: Open Doors International / World Watch Research Unit Open Doors Sverige IdrottsvägenJanuary 2019 16 702 32 Örebro [email protected] Telefon: 019 - 31 05 00 E-postwww.opendoorsanalytical.org: [email protected] www.open-doors.se Nepal – WWR Country Dossier – January 2019 World Watch List 2019 Total Total Total Total Total Private Family Community National Church Score Score Score Score Score Rank Country Violence life life life life life WWL WWL WWL WWL WWL 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 1 North Korea 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 10.9 94 94 92 92 92 2 Afghanistan 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 10.6 94 93 89 88 81 3 Somalia 16.3 16.7 16.6 16.5 16.4 8.9 91 91 91 87 90 4 Libya 15.3 15.0 15.1 16.0 16.3 9.6 87 86 78 79 76 5 Pakistan 14.3 14.1 13.9 15.0 13.2 16.7 87 86 88 87 79 6 Sudan 14.7 15.0 14.6 15.6 16.1 10.6 87 87 87 84 80 7 Eritrea 14.7 14.9 15.8 16.0 15.2 9.4 86 86 82 89 79 8 Yemen 16.6 16.3 16.4 16.7 16.7 3.1 86 85 85 78 73 9 Iran 14.0 14.3 14.3 15.8 16.5 10.4 85 85 85 83 80 10 India 12.9 13.0 13.5 14.8 13.2 15.2 83 81 73 68 62 11 Syria 13.6 14.0 13.1 13.8 14.2 13.0 82 76 86 87 83 12 Nigeria 12.3 11.8 13.4 12.9 12.9 16.7 80 77 78 78 78 13 Iraq 13.9 14.4 14.1 14.6 13.6 8.1 79 86 86 90 86 14 Maldives 15.2 15.5 13.5 15.9 16.7 1.1 78 78 76 76 78 15 Saudi Arabia 15.1 13.6 14.0 15.3 16.5 2.4 77 79 76 76 77 16 Egypt 11.7 13.2 10.7 13.2 11.0 15.9 76 70 65 64 61 17 Uzbekistan 15.4 12.9 13.9 12.3 15.9 3.1 74 73 71 70 69 18 Myanmar 11.4 11.8 13.3 12.1
    [Show full text]
  • In the Shadow of Cathay: a Survey of European Encounters in Discerning, Mapping, and Exploring Tibet During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
    Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu vol. lxxxvii, fasc. 174 (2018-II) In the Shadow of Cathay: A Survey of European Encounters in Discerning, Mapping, and Exploring Tibet during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Ana Carolina Hosne* CONICET, Argentina This article aims to review the European literature and other extant sources of information pertaining to Tibet in the early modern period. Tibet was not only somewhat unknown to Europeans, but it was also usually associated with Cathay, both believed to be home to Christian communities. This survey explores the process by which, for some Europeans in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Tibet gradually started to emerge as a distinct land, from their hazy geographical knowledge and cartographic representations of central Asia, and out of the shadow of Cathay. The study is organized into three major themes concerning the European experience of Tibet: discerning, mapping, and exploring the region. Its chronological scope encompasses the arrival of the Jesuits at the Mughal court in 1580 until the late seventeenth century. The first part of the survey sets the analysis into context by examining the ambiguous relationship in the European mind between Tibet and Cathay, amidst vague geographical references and a varied nomenclature for Tibet. The focus of this first part of the essay then shifts to the undertaking of an expedition beyond the Himalayas from the Mughal court, followed by the establishment and closure of a mission in Tibet by António de Andrade SJ1 in the third decade of the seventeenth century, when this mission was still motivated by the belief in the existence of Christian communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Tibet Independence” from the View of British Military Invasions Into Tibet in Late Qing Dynasty
    ISSN 1927-0232 [Print] Higher Education of Social Science ISSN 1927-0240 [Online] Vol. 7, No. 1, 2014, pp. 117-127 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/4974 www.cscanada.org Exploration on the Historical Roots of “Tibet Independence” From the View of British Military Invasions Into Tibet in Late Qing Dynasty LIU Chen[a],*; ZHU Yafei[b] [a] History and Social Development College, Foreign Language College, mingled with other ethnic groups in adjacent areas such Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China. as Han, Qiang, and Mongolian, and has been an integral [b] History and Social Development College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China. member of the Chinese nation. Tibet has never shown * Corresponding author. up in international community as an independent state in history. And until the early 20th century, the late Qing Received 16 February 2014; accepted 23 June 2014 Publish online 25 July 2014 Dynasty, no such word as “independence” ever existed in Tibetan language. But in modern human history, under the conspiracy of Western colonialists, there appeared Abstract th the so-called “Tibet independence” issue. What’s more Since the middle of the 13 century, Tibet has come ridiculous, after the 2008 Lhasa “3 • 14” incident and within the territorial jurisdiction of Chinese government a series of violence undermining the Beijing Olympic and has been an inseparable part of China’s territory. The torch relay, the Dalai clique set 2012 as the “Year of problem of so-called “Tibet independence” only appeared Tibet lobbying”, and then made 2013 as the “Year of in the recent 100 years. It is the outcome of the imperialist Tibet supporting”, crowing about the so-called “Tibet aggression, intervention and plotting in modern times, as independence Year”.
    [Show full text]
  • UBC Dissertation 2012 Vermot
    THE ROLE OF URBAN REAL ESTATE IN JESUIT FINANCES AND NETWORKS BETWEEN EUROPE AND CHINA, 1612-1778 by Frederik Vermote A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) January 2013 © Frederik Vermote, 2013 Abstract This dissertation examines the role of urban real estate in the finances and networks of the Jesuit missions in China. Starting in 1612, when Jesuit missionaries working in China envisioned for the first time a strategy for making the missions financially independent from Europe, I will investigate how and why it took until the second half of the eighteenth century for the Christian communities in China to become financially self-sustaining. The procurators and their subordinate treasurers, the Jesuits primarily in charge of the financial management of the missions, are the subject of this dissertation. How did they combine the resources and personnel extracted from Europe, India, and China to establish an autonomous financial foundation for the missions in China? This dissertation argues that their most reliable source of income was revenue from investments in urban real estate. The arc of this dissertation spans both the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries examining the Portuguese and the French Jesuit missions in China. Through a close analysis of Jesuit procurators’ activities and personal networks this dissertation will assert that while they realized the necessity of economic integration in the global missions early on, procurators encountered great problems in realizing this goal. As such, this dissertation recognizes the limitations of global networks by exploring the role of global contact and the circulation of missionaries, money, and mail and by looking at the Jesuit search for financial opportunities in the local and regional economy to become self-sustaining communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Health in the Himalayas and the Himalayan Homelands
    HEALTH IN THE HIMALAYAS AND THE HIMALAYAN HOMELANDS GEORGE VAN DRIEM UNIVERSITY OF BERNE ADAPTATIONS TO COLD AND HIGH ALTITUDE In September 2012, the eminent Estonian population geneticist Toomas Kivisild convened and hosted a gathering at the University of Cam- bridge entitled High Altitude and Cold: Adaptation to Extremes. This joyous event was billed as ‘a conference to discuss the latest scientific results on human physiological and genetic adaptation to high altitudes and cold environments’. Memorable speakers included Hugh Mont- gomery, Andrew J. Murray, Miroslava Derenko, Cynthia Beal, Maan- asa Raghavan, Dennis O’Rourke, Gianpiero Cavalleri, Anna di Rienzo and Bill Amos. In addition to population geneticists and physiologists, Toomas Kivisild invited to Cambridge a single linguist, who happened to find genetics symposia more enlightening and often more full of ebullience than linguistic gatherings. Just how damaging life at high altitudes can be for people who are genetically ill-equipped to cope with cold high-altitude environments was demonstrated by Andrew J. Murray of Cambridge, who reported on an expedition called Extreme Everest. This scientific expedition aimed to study the metabolic response of heart and muscle tissue to high-alti- tude hypoxia. It appears that a failing heart is somehow unable to oxidise fatty acids whilst in a state of dilated cardiomyopathy. This inability has to do with hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and metabolic regulation, with hypoxia inducible factor one-alpha (HIF-1α) accumulating in hypoxic tissues. Fortunately, in healthy individuals, heart impairment caused by high altitude can repair itself after, say, about six months. Most inter- esting is how this impairment plays out at the biochemical level within the cell.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ming-Qing Transition Through Athanasius Kircher SJ's China
    Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu vol. lxxxviii, fasc. 175 (2019-I) A Tale of Dynastic Change in China: The Ming-Qing Transition through Athanasius Kircher SJ’s China illustrata (1667) Yuval Givon* Tel Aviv University In 1667, as European readers opened Athanasius Kircher SJ’s1 long- awaited China monumentis illustrata (China Illustrated through its Monuments), they encountered the first of the book’s many drawings, which portrayed the major contributors to the Jesuit enterprise in China.2 The two prominent missionaries Matteo Ricci SJ3 and Johann Adam Schall von Bell SJ4 are depicted presenting a map of the Chinese empire. Above them, in the sky, appear St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus, and St. Francis Xavier, the pioneer Jesuit missionary to Asia. The message to the readers is quite clear: all the information to be found in the book is the fruit of a joint, cross-generational effort, made by a unified Jesuit China mission. However, during many years of Kircher’s work on his book, neither China nor its Jesuit Vice-Province were united. The turbulent 1640s saw the end of Ming rule over China (1368– 1644), and the rise of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), governed by the foreign Manchu emperors. Although 1644 is acknowledged in * Yuval Givon is a PhD candidate in the School of Historical Studies at Tel Aviv University. His research concerns cultural, intellectual, and material aspects of the dialogue between China and Europe in the early modern period. His dissertation focuses on the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, and its impact on the circulation of knowledge and people through Jesuit networks.
    [Show full text]
  • A Glimpse of Another World: a Journey Through Western Tibet (1938)
    A GLIMPSE OF ANOTHER WORLD: A JOURNEY THROUGH WESTERN TIBET (1938) F. BAILEY VANDERHOEF, JR. EDITED WITH A FOREWORD BY JOSÉ IGNACIO CABEZÓN THIS PUBLICATION IS A JOINT PROJECT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA AND THE SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM OF ART. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FOREWORD In the spring of 1938, two young American explorers, Wilbur L. Cummings, Jr. (191401943), and F. Bailey Vanderhoef, Jr. (b. 1913) set off on an expedition into Tibet. Leaving from the small Indian hill station of Kalimpong, they crossed the Himalayas – their principal goal, to document the religious art and the famous “lama dances” at the monastery of Palkhor Chöde, located in the city of Gyangtse in western Tibet. Their photos of the yearly festival of the unveiling of the monastery’s famous massive silk tangka appeared in the June 12, 1939 edition of Life magazine, some of the first color images of Tibet to appear in the American popular press. Mr. Vanderhoef later compiled a narrative of the journey. This is the document that you have before you. Written in a lively and engaging style, it brings to life the details of this amazing trip in a manner that is characteristic of the travel narratives of the period. It is in many ways a unique document. I have edited Mr. Vanderhoef’s memoirs, but apart from standardizing the phonetic rendering of Tibetan words, adding some hyperlinks, and correcting a few minor factual details, I have avoided substantially changing the manuscript. My decision to edit with a light hand was a conscious choice on my part, believing that the chief value of this document lies in the fact that it is a record of one individual’s views and impressions of a journey undertaken at a specific point in history.
    [Show full text]
  • Hilvarenbeeck, Nordbrabant, Niederlande 1563-1624 Wien
    Report Title - p. 1 of 16 Report Title Becanus, Martin = Becanus, Martinus (Hilvarenbeeck, Nordbrabant, Niederlande 1563-1624 Wien) : Jesuit, Professor für Philosophie und Theologie Bibliographie : Autor 1986 [Shakespeare, William ; Becanus, Martin]. Shashibiya, Beigen yu lu. Tang Yumei zhu bian. (Tainan : Wen guo shu ju, 1986). (Shi jie wen xue ming zhu ; 50). [Übersetzung der Zitate von Shakespeare und Becanus]. [WC] Bodde, Theodore (um 1922) : Holländischer Elektroingenieur Biographie 1919-1922 Theodore Bodde ist Professor des Physics Department, Nanyang College, Jiao Tong da xue in Shanghai. [Who2,Int] Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everard van (Utrecht 1739-1801 Amsterdam) : Beauftragter Duch East India Company in China, Diplomat Biographie 1758 Andreas Everard van Braam Houckgeest reist im Auftrag der Duch East India Company nach China. [ANB] 1758-1773 Andreas Everard van Braam Houckgeest ist Beauftragter der Duch East India Company in Guangzhou (Guangdong) in Macao. [ANB] 1794-1795 Vierte holländische Gesandtschaft zu Kaiser Qianlong in Beijing unter Isaac Titsingh und Andreas Everard van Braam Houckgeest. Joseph de Guignes nimmt daran teil. [Boot,Frè] 1796 Andreas Everard van Braam Houckgeest built a home near Philadelphia known as "China's retreat". The building adopted a Chinese-style cupola on the roof. The windows, similar to screen in Chinese homes, were double leaves that slid into pockets in the walls. Destruction in 1970. [Frank22] Bibliographie : Autor Report Title - p. 2 of 16 1798 Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everard van. An authentic account of the embassy of the Dutch East-India Company to the court of the Emperor of China in the years 1794 and 1795 : subsequent to that of the Earl of Macartney : containing a description of several parts of the Chinese empire, unknown to Europeans.
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Soerensen Final MAC
    Keynote: A Story of Academic and Cultural Curiosity. Leipzig and the Rise of Tibetology in Germany Per K. Sørensen (Leipzig University) adies and gentlemen, dear colleagues and friends of Tibet. Welcome to Leipzig! It is a basic truism that when major L civilizations and cultural traditions meet or reach out to one another, the encounters—be they violent or peaceful, be they unilateral or bilateral like in the case of the Occident and the Orient— are inevitably fraught with cultural repercussions of sorts and with upheavals stemming from the collisions of distinctly different cultural sensibilities and historical make-up of the parties involved. If we take a look at the enduring influence and inspiration, and not least biased presumptions generated by the myriad encounters of the West with Asia (and we must restrict ourselves in this case to Tibet), post-colonial studies have shown—and that not only since Edward Said’s ground-breaking book Orientalism and the heated and prolonged discourse that emerged in its trail—that the narrow perspective or dichotomy West versus East is too simple, further perspectives should be paid heed to. Donald S. Lopez and later Tsering Shakya—the current president of IATS—once suggested that when we talk about Tibet (commonly and euphemistically labelled “the Roof of the World,“ the Tibetans not much differently, prefer “the Snow-capped” Land, alluding here to Himalayas, “the Abode of the Snow“), we should take a step further and indeed here see an unique case of apparent exceptionalism: “Tibet has remained outside the scrutiny of postcolonialist discourse,” while in Tibetan studies, “questions drawn from critical studies on the postcolonial discourse have never been properly raised.”1 By now, things have changed considerably.
    [Show full text]
  • The Western Perception of Tibet Diana Martinez University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected]
    University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2009-01-01 The ourJ ney of an Image: the Western Perception of Tibet Diana Martinez University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the European History Commons Recommended Citation Martinez, Diana, "The ourJ ney of an Image: the Western Perception of Tibet" (2009). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 2727. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/2727 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE JOURNEY OF AN IMAGE: THE WESTERN PERCEPTION OF TIBET FROM 1900-1950 Diana Martinez Department of History APPROVED: Paul Edison, Ph.D., Chair Carl T. Jackson, Ph.D. Thomas H. Schmid, Ph.D. Patricia D. Witherspoon, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Diana Martinez 2009 THE JOURNEY OF AN IMAGE: THE WESTERN PERCEPTION OF TIBET FROM 1900-1950 by Diana Martinez, B. A. THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of History THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2009 Acknowledgments I would like to thank the following family members for their support: my parents, Xochitl and Nestor Valencia; my sisters, Iris and Laura Martinez; my cousin, Tonia Hedman, and Charmaine Martin.
    [Show full text]
  • Jose Kalapura
    XI Congreso Internacional de ALADAA Jose Kalapura India and East-West Interaction: The Jesuit Contribution, 16-18th Centuries Jose Kalapura 1. Introduction East-West interaction in the Indian sub-continent can be traced back to the ancient times when Alexander the Great led his army into India through the Punjab in north-west India in the 4th century B.C.1 Historical evidence especially numismatic sources also point to the contact of the people of Malabar with the Romans. Certainly, the two millennia-old living evidence of the Jews and the Syrian settlers at Cochin in south India since early first century2 indicate that there has been substantial and continuous interaction between India and the West. In this paper, I would limit myself to the East-West interaction thanks to the European missionaries who began to arrive in India after the landing of the Portuguese trader-sailor Vasco da Gama in 1498.3 Though Italian missionaries of the Franciscan Order had been to India since the thirteenth century, 4 the arrival of missionaries from Europe picked up momentum only after the establishment of the Portuguese colonial administration in India. The theme of modern missionary movement backed by Portuguese colonialists has been studied by scholars.5 In this paper, we shall focus on the transference of European methods of learning and natural sciences to India and the consequent enrichment of the Indian languages thanks to the Jesuit missionaries who came to India during 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. 2. Missionary Interaction and Colonial Agenda The theme of East-West interaction brings to fore the contested issues of colonialism 6 and missionary movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Athanasius Kircher's: China Illustrata
    Athanasius Kircher's China Illustrata ATHANASIUS KIRCHER (I), the compiler of China Monumentis, qua Sacris qua Profanis,... Illustrata..., Amstelodami, I 667, was born in Geisa, near Fulda in Germany, May 2, i602. This fact accounts for the future epithets, " Bucho " (Buchonius, that in the Upper Rhone,-Buchonia,-his birth place), or " Fuldensis" which in later years he habitually used in his titles (after Fulda) (2). KIRCHER entered the Jesuit Order in i6i8, and studied mathe- matics, humanities and oriental languages (Coptic, Hebrew, Syviac) in Fulda, Cologne, and Mainz. From i629 to i63i he lectured at the University of Warzburg on mathematics, from I633 to I635 at Avignon he studied hieroglyphs (3). From France he (I) CARLOS SOMMERVOGEL, S. J., Bibliotheque de la Comipagnie de JeWsus. Nou-velle edition, I0 vols. (Bruxelles-Paris, I890-I909); 5 fascicules Corrections et additions ti la Bibliot~i~que de la Compagnie de Jesus. Supplenent aur De Backer-Sommervogel, par ERNEST M. RIvIERE, S. J., (Toulouse, I9II, 1913, 1914-1917, 1911-1930, 1930). See vol. IV, cols. 1046-1077. Nouvelle biographie gen6rale (Paris, Freres Didot, i855-i866), vol. XXVII, cols. 769-776. Larousse du XXe siecle (Paris, 1928-1933), Vol. IV, p. 249. Der Grosse Herder (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1931-1933), vol. VI, col. 14I6. Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Enropeo-Aimericana (Barcelona, I926-I930), vol. XXVIII, part II, p. 3454. Der Grosse Brockhaus (Leipzig, 1928- 1935), vol. X, p. 172. Dictionnaire d'archeologie Chretienne et de liturgie (Paris, 1924-), vol. VIII, part I, cols. 772-805. Lexikon ffir Theologie und Kirche (Freiburg im Breisgau, I930-1938), vol.
    [Show full text]